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4. 英国皇家医学会

已有 8850 次阅读 2013-9-17 23:55 |个人分类:专题讨论|系统分类:海外观察|关键词:学者| 英国, 医学会, 皇家

      英国历史上最悠久影响力最大的医学组织之一的英国皇家医学会(The Royal Society of Medicine)成立于200年前是一个世界闻名的独立民间团体。其宗旨为医生、牙医、兽医及医学学生们提供广阔的教育活动机会;促进医学科学和实践的信息和观点交流。英国皇家医学会是一个独立的,政治组织,建立于200年前。与各成员国请联系他们通过办公室的PA乔安妮玫瑰,电子邮件joanna.rose@rsm.ac.uk

   国皇家学会主席 Professor Sir Michael Rawlins FMedSci。

   英国皇家学会创始人Edward Jenner (1749-1823)。

   英国皇家学会的26种网络版期刊2006年11月1日--2013年12月31日的使用权,用户可以通过以下各期刊链接或登录http://www.rsmjournals.com

   与作者本次交流内容相关的杂志是:International Journal of STD & AIDS《国际性传播疾病与艾滋病杂志》英国。ISSN:0956-46241990年创刊,全年12期,Royal Society of Medicine出版,SCI收录期刊,SCI 2006年影响因子1.274。此刊是为数不多的为传统性传播疾病和艾滋病的研究和治疗提供专业导向信息的杂志,是英国性健康与人免疫缺陷病毒协会和国际抗性传播疾病联盟共同主办的刊物。刊载研究性传播疾病、艾滋病及相关病毒的原始论文、评论、书评、简报、临床病例报告。

   

      英国皇家医学会的有关中英文资料在网上不易查到,特附英国皇家医学会官方网站资料供参考:

 

About us

The Royal Society of Medicine is an independent, apolitical organisation, founded over 200 years ago.

We are one of the largest providers of continuing medical education in the UK.

We provide accredited courses for continuing professional development, which is so vital in allowing doctors, dentists, veterinary surgeons and other healthcare professionals their continuing freedom to practise.

Our aims are:

· to provide a broad range of educational activities and opportunities for doctors, dentists and veterinary surgeons, including students of these disciplines, and for allied healthcare professionals.

· to promote an exchange of information and ideas on the science, practice and organisation of medicine, both within the health professions and with responsible and informed public opinion.

We receive no state funding to carry out our core work and are dependent on generous donations and legacies.

 

Governance

The RSM is led by our Council and Honorary Officers, which include our Board of Trustees, supported by a permanent team of Directors and their staff.

 

Council is supported by a system of committees [PDF 21k]. The RSM Sections are all represented at the Academic Board [PDF 665k] which meets several times each year.

 

RSM policy issues put forward by working parties or the secretariat go first to committees for recommendation and, if recommended, on to Council for approval or rejection.

 

The Treasurers and Honorary Secretaries are elected by Council from its number.

 

The Royal Society of Medicine Foundation serves members of the RSM living in the USA and Canada.

 

Council

To contact Members of Council please contact them through the Executive Office PA Joanne Rose, email joanna.rose@rsm.ac.uk.

History of the RSM

The origins of the Royal Society of Medicine date back to the 18th century when, throughout Europe medical societies began to be founded with the object of bringing together physicians and surgeons in order to further scientific, professional and social communication.

The first general medical society of note in England was the Medical Society of London, founded in 1773.

The formation of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London

In 1786, Dr James Sims was elected President of the Medical Society of London. He was a forceful and autocratic personality and held on to his presidential office for 22 years.

Many Members of the Medical Society were so offended by Sims' high-handed tactics that 26 of them met at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street on 22 May 1805 and resolved to form themselves into a new medical society, The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. This society was destined to be the progenitor of the Royal Society of Medicine.

The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London

The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London was founded 'for the purpose of conversation on professional subjects, for the reception of communications and for the formation of a library' and served 'several branches of the medical profession'.

 

Dr William Saunders

The leading light among this dissenting group was Sir William Saunders FRCP (1743-1817), who was elected first President of the Medical and Chirurgical Society.

Other founding Members included Dr John Yelloly MD FRS (1774-1842), one of the first pair of Honorary Secretaries, Sir Astley Paston Cooper Bt FRCS (1768-1841), the first Treasurer, and
Dr Alexander Marcet MD FRS (1770-1822), the first Foreign Secretary.

Trustees have included Mr John Abernethy FRCS (1764-1831) and Dr Mathew Baillie FRCP (1761-1823).

In 1809, Dr Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869), of Roget’s Thesaurus fame, became responsible for the Society’s Library and was made President in 1829.

A home for the RSM

Initially, the Medical and Chirurgical Society did not have its own premises, and meetings were held at the Crown and Anchor. Eventually two rooms in barristers’ chambers at No. 2 Verulam Buildings, Gray’s Inn were found and these housed the Society for five years (1805-10).

In 1810, the Society moved to its second home at Lincoln’s Inn Fields, where it remained for the next 25 years, first at No. 3 (a neighbour of the Geological Society), then at No. 30 and finally at No. 57. It was there that Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 read his famous paper on 'Some morbid appearances…' (Hodgkin’s disease).

 

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) painted by William Armfield Hobday

In 1834, when Dr John Elliotson FRCP (1791-1868) was President, a further move took place to the Society’s third home at 53 Berners Street, where it remained for the next 54 years.

 Royal Charter

The Society also received its Royal Charter in 1834 from William IV and its title became the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. Members were now designated Fellows.

 

Famous Fellows and Presidents

Honorary Fellows have included:

 

Darwin

Pasteur

Jenner

Freud

The RMCS has also had many Presidents of note, including five with diseases named after them:

 

Richard Bright (1837)

Thomas Addison (1849)

Joseph Hodgson (1851)

Sir James Paget (1875)

Frederick William Pavy (1900)

Specialist Societies

By the mid-19th century, many specialist societies had been founded in London, including:

 

the Pathological Society of London (1846)

the Epidemiological Society (1850)

the Odontological Society (1856)

the Obstetrical Society (1858)

Proposals were made on several occasions to amalgamate with the RMCS, but these fell through.

 

Meanwhile, in 1887 Sir John MacAlister (1856-1925) joined the staff as Resident Librarian at 53 Berners Street, and in 1901 he became Secretary of the Society. It was he who organised the move in 1889 to the Society’s fourth home, at 20 Hanover Square, and it was there that the centenary of the Society was celebrated in 1905.

 

Under MacAlister's initiative and leadership, the union of the increasing number of specialist societies and the RMCS was achieved in 1907. Seventeen societies joined and with a supplementary Royal Charter granted by Edward VII, the new Society adopted the title Royal Society of Medicine.

 

The RSM acquired the site on the corner of Wimpole Street and Henrietta Place in 1910. King George V and Queen Mary opened the final home of the Royal Society of Medicine at No.1 Wimpole Street in May 1912.

 

The RSM coat of arms

In 1926 the President of the Royal Society of Medicine, Sir St Clair Thomson (1859-1943), declared

"It is in accordance with the dignity of the Royal Society of Medicine that it should bear arms, and therefore, recommends that the Society apply to the Heralds College for a grant of arms".

St Clair Thomson offered to pay for the arms.

The first design

A committee was formed to discuss the design, they asked the advice of a well-known scholar, Oswald Barron who suggested 4 parts:

1. Crest 

(the appendage fixed to the top of the helmet in a coat of arms)
Hand holding a bunch of herbs either wound-wort, or all heal [stachys palustris].

2. Motto
Folia Ligni ad sanitatem gentium.

3. Shield
A tree scattering leaves, symbolic of a tree of learning or healing, the leaves being distributed typifying the spread of knowledge or healing.

4. Supporters
Unicorns with collars - protectors and symbols of virginity or two human figures representing medicine and surgery.

The ecclesiastical designer, Martin Travers (1886-1948), drew designs based upon these ideas which by May 1926 were sent to the committee for comment.

The design, however, wasn't well received by the committee, one of whom described the crest as being like "a flower pot". The tree and its shedding leaves was thought to be "an unfortunate bit of symbolism" and was replaced by the snake of Moses bisected by green and red signifying medicine and surgery.

Lack of consensus

It was decided that the supporters should be people rather than unicorns but the committee was deadlocked as to whom to chose.

SS. Bartholemew and Luke were ruled out as they were deemed to be too closely related to particular hospitals. Harvey, Hunter, Asclepius and Hygeia were all rejected.

By February 1927 Geoffrey Edwards (Secretary of the RSM) was so exasperated at the lack of consensus by the committee that he even suggested that the different designs should be sent to the College of Arms and that the College should be asked to make a decision as to which was the most suitable.

The final design

SS. Cosmas and Damian were eventually chosen, although they were already patron saints of the Barber-Surgeons, they were not depicted on any coat of arms.

The arms were finally presented to the Fellows of the Royal Society of Medicine on 18 October 1927.

 

The Coat of Arms today

The Coat of Arms was redrawn in 1994 by Beverly Middleton of Middleton Design Associates.

Explanation of Symbols used in the Coat of Arms

Related information

· RSM history book

· Library archives

 

The shield

The serpent of Moses on a tau cross denotes healing, the shield divided vertically, is half for surgery and half being green for medicine.

 

The supporters

Saints Cosmas and Damian c.225-278

 

The supporters are the patron saints of the ancient Barber-Surgeons who have been associated with Medicine and Surgery since early Christian times throughout Europe.

They are wearing doctors' robes as shown in an old stained glass window in the Medici Chapel of the church of Santa Croce, Florence.

One of them holds a Physician's drug jar, and the other a Surgeon's knife.

They were twin brothers of Arabian parentage who practised as physicians at Aegaea in Cilicia. It is said they would offer medical aid without charge in order to bring converts to Christianity.

Diocletian condemned them to death but angels intervened to foil attempts to drown, burn at the stake or stone to death the twins who were finally beheaded,a scene memorialised in a Fifteenth Century painting by Fra Angelico.

The motto

 

The motto is the original one of the RSM's pre-cursor society, the Medico-Chirurgical Society - "Non est vivere sed valere vita".
It has been freely translated as "It is important to enjoy good health to live fully" and comes from the Martial's Epigrammata, Lib. vl, Ep. IXX.

The crest "All Heal"

 

The official description, as recorded in the Council Minutes of November 1927, is 'three sprigs of the herb all-heal proper'.

The entry for all-heal in The Complete Herbal by Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) includes the following:

"Government and Virtues
It is under the dominion of Mars, hot biting, choleric: and remedies what evil Mars inflicts the body of a man with, by sympathy, as vipers flesh attracts poison, and the loadstone iron.

It kills the worm, helps the gout, cramp and convulsions, provokes urine, and helps all joint-aches.

It helps all cold griefs of the head, the vertigo, falling sickness, the lethargy, the wind cholick, obstructions of the liver and spleen, stone in the kidneys and bladder.

It provokes the term, expels the dead birth.

It is excellent good for the griefs of the sinews, itch, stone and toothache, the biting of mad dogs and venomous beasts, and purgeth choler very gently."

According to the Royal Horticultural Society, there are three types of all-heal: valeriana officinalis; prunella vulgaris; and stachys palustris.

The RSM's crest was reckoned for many years to be prunella vulgaris, but more recently research has determined that the intention was that stachys palustris should be the variety represented on the Coat of Arms.

Related information

· RSM history book

· Library archives

The RSM buildings 1 Wimpole Street

The RSM acquired the site on the corner of Wimpole Street and Henrietta Place in 1910. King George V and Queen Mary opened No.1 Wimpole Street in May 1912.

By 1953 it was necessary to redevelop the building and a floor was added, funded by a donation from the Wellcome Trust.

One Wimpole Street is now a dedicated events venue and has its own website for this purpose: www.Onewimpolestreet.co.uk 

Chandos House

The RSM’s property expanded further when Chandos House, Queen Anne Street was purchased in 1963 and the mews of the house were converted to the Domus Medica.

The Council were pleased with their purchase and the minutes of 27 November describe the building with its "splendid ground and first floor rooms, many of them with fine hand-painted Adam ceilings, Adam fireplaces, polished floors and superb chandeliers. "

Chandos House provided 14,000 square feet of additional accommodation and underwent conversion and restoration work in order to meet the needs of the RSM.

In 1967 the conversion work was complete and Chandos House became a favourite rendezvous for Fellows at lunch time. Receptions and concerts were also held there.

Chandos House was sold in August 1986 in order to finance the extension of No 1 Wimpole Street, but was reacquired in 2002 after standing empty for some time.

 Refurbishment

Major refurbishment of No.1 Wimpole Street took place between 1982 and 1986. The existing premises were extended onto the site previously occupied by the Western District Post Office.

This allowed for 3.75 miles of extra library shelving, new club rooms and a new Domus Medica, extra meeting rooms and totally modernised lecture halls.

The building underwent further extensive remodelling by MJS Architects between 2003 and 2004 resulting in a new lecture theatre, strengthened floors, refurbishment of the Library and the reopening of the Henrietta Place entrance.

 

Further reading

If you are interested in reading more about the history of the RSM, please see the resources below.

· Hunting, Penelope: The History of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM Press 2002)

· Moll, JMH: Presidents of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM Press 1996)

· Sakula, Alex: Royal Society of Medicine, Portraits, Paintings and Sculptures (RSM 1988)

· Munford, WA: The Incomparable Mac. A biographical study of Sir John Young Walker MacAlister (1856-1925) (London, Library Association, 1983)

· Davidson, Maurice: The Royal Society of Medicine (1805-1955) (RSM 1955)

· Moore, Norman: The Presidents of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society from 1805 to 1905 (Aberdeen University Press 1905)

· Moore, Norman: The Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London Centenary 1805-1905 (Aberdeen University Press 1905)

 

Joining the RSM

We offer a wide range of benefits to support you throughout your medical career.

Find out more about the educational and social benefits of being a RSM Member.


How to join

· Apply online

· Request a Membership application form


Membership categories

We have five main categories of RSM membership:

· Fellowship 

· Available to those who hold a medical, dental or veterinary qualification; or who have higher scientific qualifications – and also those holding senior positions within the healthcare sector.

· Student Membership 

· Available to those studying medicine, dentistry or veterinary science at an approved UK educational establishment.

· Senior Associate Membership 

· Available to those who do not qualify for Fellowship but who have an interest in healthcare issues.

· Student Associate Membership 

· For those studying full time for first UK recognised healthcare-related qualification, and not earning at all - and not leading to a qualification as a doctor, dentist or vet.

· Corporate Membership 

· For companies who are involved in any aspect of healthcare this provides membership for selected employees to access the wide range of RSM benefits including discounts on venue hire.

 

Educational & professional benefits

Academic and professional benefits of RSM Membership include:

· One of the largest Postgraduate medical libraries in Europe, with on and offline facilities 

· 58 Specialty Sections and over 400 meetings a year, nearly all with CPD accreditation

· Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

· On-line access to seven medical databases and nearly 1,000 full text e-journals

· Networking with colleagues and industry heads

One of the largest Postgraduate medical libraries in Europe

Enjoy Members-only access to the RSM Library.
The extensive facilities include over 900 journals, online access to 7 medical databases, 22 pcs, 6 private study rooms, the Out-of-Hours Study Centre and a full range of library services.

58 specialty sections and over 400 meetings a year, nearly all with CPD accreditation

Over 350 Specialty Section meetings and 100 conferences held each year to further your CPD and private interests. Fellows can join 4 Sections and Associates 2*, although Members are welcome to all Section meetings at Member's rates.

* Not all sections accept Associates, please call our Membership Dept. to enquire.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

For just £24 a year you can opt to have the respected Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine delivered monthly.

Members can access it for free online.

Discounts on Medical Publications and Journals

RSM members are entitled to a 15% discount with Oxford University Press Medical titles and ongoing offers with RSM Press and associated titles.

On-line access to seven medical databases and nearly 1,000 full text e-journals

RSM Membership allows you remote access to many on-line resources.

You can search Medline, Embase, DH-Data, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) and the Cochrane Library.

Our literature searchers can also search a range of other databases in your behalf.

Your Membership also allows you access to over 800 full text e-journals, all through the Members’ Only section of our website.

A complete list of all titles now available in full text format online is now available here PDF [108k]

Networking with colleagues and industry heads

Using the RSM facilities will allow you to expand your contacts and discuss issues of the day with colleagues and other healthcare experts in a relaxed and inviting atmosphere.

 

Social & club benefits

The RSM offers you the satisfaction of broadening your medical horizons across diverse specialisations in the pleasure of good company and comfortable surroundings.

Membership also offers excellent Club Facilities and we are constantly negotiating extra benefits for our Members, which include:

· Overnight RSM London accommodation at our on-site hotels at subsided prices, from only £126 per room

· Club facilities such as the Members-only restaurant, bar, buttery, common room and quiet rooms

· Reciprocal Clubs around the world

· Special rates on Home Insurance with Hiscox

· Travel benefits with WEXAS

· Fine Wine Dinners

· Networking with like-minded individuals

· Free Wi-Fi service

Overnight London accommodation at subsidised prices from £126 per room

Members-only accommodation in our 44 rooms at Domus Medica, Wimpole Street starts from £126 for single occupancy and £137 for double occupancy, including continental breakfast (per room). In addition we offer special weekend Domus rates.

We also have a further 17 luxury bedrooms at Chandos House, just around the corner from Wimpole Street and Harley Street, with RSM-Member rates from £132 per room.

Fantastic club facilities

Such as the Members’-only restaurant, bar, buttery, common room and Quiet Lounge.

Our Members can enjoy the stunning facilities as their home in the heart of London’s West End.

Reciprocal club arrangements

RSM Members can take advantage of a number of overseas clubs where you are invited to use their facilities when travelling overseas.

These include clubs in Australia, Canada, USA, Sri Lanka, South Africa, India and Spain.

Special rates on home insurance with Hiscox

 

We have negotiated a special Members' discount with Hiscox, the leading professionals’ home insurer, on Buildings and Contents Insurance for properties within the UK.

Travel benefits with WEXAS

 

WEXAS Travel is offering RSM members FREE White membership to their award-winning travel service for all your leisure and corporate travel needs.

Fine Wine Dinners

As well as our academic schedule we also hold social events such as Fine Wine Dinners.

Networking with like minded individuals

The RSM provides an opportunity for all its Members to network with colleagues and other health professionals and their partners and guests, as well as those with similar interests, in informal and relaxing surroundings.

Free Wi-Fi service

RSM Members can benefit from high speed secure Wi-Fi internet access in both 1 Wimpole Street and Chandos House.

Membership categories

Your Membership category is determined by your professional qualifications and experience and the kind of use that you will make of the Society.

The main Membership categories are Fellow, Student, Associate or Library Member.

Fellowship

Those holding medical, dental, veterinary or higher scientific qualifications; or in senior positions in healthcare and related fields.
Fellows may take part in the Academic events organised by the Society, and may join, at no extra cost, up to four Sections.

Fellows receive:

· Access to the JRSM online

· The Bulletin

· RSM News.

They have full use of the Library and use of all social facilities including Domus Medica.

Fellows may vote, hold office and participate in the governance of the Society.
Fellows can extend their Membership for £65 a year to include a Club Member (usually your spouse/partner) so they can visit the RSM independently and use the Club facilities.

Fellow:

Those who hold a UK recognised medical qualification (Doctor, Dentist, Veterinary Surgeon) and are resident in the UK. This includes the Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Residents of the Republic of Ireland are the only nationals outside of the UK also eligible for Student Membership and Young Fellowship.

Young Fellows:

Those resident in the UK or Republic of Ireland and whose first qualification was obtained from a British or Irish medical, dental or veterinary school, or equivalent institution within the previous 10 years. In the case of an oral surgeon holding both a medical and a dental degree, the 10 year period is counted from the later qualification. The Young Fellowship category applies up to the tenth anniversary of the first medical, dental or veterinary qualification.

Retired or Life Fellows:

Either Aged over 70;
or Aged over 60 and fully retired (not earning)
or Aged over 60 and retired from main appointment but with a continuing earned income and have been an RSM Member for 25 years or longer.
Life Fellows may have a maximum of 2 Life Club Members as part of their Membership for which additional fees are payable.

Apply online

Student Membership

Those studying for a medical, dental or veterinary undergraduate qualification in a UK or Irish University can join as students. Anyone studying full time for first UK recognised healthcare-related qualification, and not earning at all can join as a Student Associate.

Student Members may take part in the Academic events, and may join, at no extra cost, up to four Sections.

Students receive:

· Access to the JRSM online

· The Bulletin

· RSM News.

There is also a Student Members' Group.

Students may attend Section meetings, use the Library and all social facilities at 1 Wimpole Street.

Apply online

Associate (fewer than five years working)

Those with an interest in the subject of a Section of the Royal Society of Medicine who are not eligible for Fellowship or Student Membership.

Associates may attend meetings of the Section(s) they are associated with and meetings of the Society including Ordinary meetings of Fellows, Annual meetings of Fellows and Special Meetings of Fellows, although they may not vote.

An Associate may be a member of up to two Sections. (Section Membership is at the discretion of the Section).

Associate Members receive:

· Access to the JRSM online

· The Bulletin

· RSM News.

They may use the Library and all social facilities excluding Domus Medica and access all peripheral benefits of the RSM.

Apply online 

Senior Associate (more than five years working in any career)

Those with an interest in the subject of a Section of the Royal Society of Medicine who are not eligible for Fellowship or Student Membership.

Associates may attend meetings of the Section(s) they are associated with and meetings of the Society including Ordinary meetings of Fellows, Annual meetings of Fellows and Special Meetings of Fellows, although they may not vote.

An Associate may be a member of up to two Sections. (Section Membership is at the discretion of the Section).

Associate Members receive:

· Access to the JRSM online

· The Bulletin

· RSM News.

They may use the Library and all social facilities excluding Domus Medica and access all peripheral benefits of the RSM.

Apply online 

Library

It is possible to simply join as a Library Member.

Options are:

· Subscriptions for companies

· Subscriptions for charities

· Temporary membership.

More details

All applications are vetted by the Membership Committee of the RSM and a years' Membership will run from the first day of the month in which the Membership Committee confirms election.

Corporate

Membership of the RSM is now available for companies, charities and organisations who are involved in healthcare in its widest sense.

Benefits include:

· Use of RSM club facilities to meet and entertain clients - lounges, bar, informal and formal dining, private dining room

· Access RSM Library with its extensive resources and private work areas

· Discounts on RSM venue hire

· Access accommodation at Member rates

· Invitations to RSM events - many free of charge

· Networking with key healthcare professionals

For a full information pack please contact membership @ rsm.ac.uk or call 020 7290 3930. We welcome you to come for a no obligation tour of 1 Wimpole Street to learn more about the range of benefits on offer.

 

 



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