Analysis of 427 genomes reveals moso bamboo population structure and genetic basis of property traits

背景回顾：Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is an economically and ecologically important nontimber forestry species. 

提出问题：Further development of this species as a sustainable bamboo resource has been hindered by a lack of population genome information.

主要研究：Here, we report a moso bamboo genomic variation atlas of 5.45 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from whole-genome resequencing of 427 individuals covering 15 representative geographic areas. 

结果1-毛竹群体适应的遗传基础：We uncover low genetic diversity, high genotype heterozygosity, and genes under balancing selection underlying moso bamboo population adaptation. 

结果2-毛竹群体大小的历史动态：We infer its demographic history with one bottleneck and its recently small population without a rebound. 

结果3-毛竹的群体类群与起源：We define five phylogenetic groups and infer that one group probably originated by a single-origin event from East China. 

结果4-毛竹GWAS分析：Finally, we conduct genome-wide association analysis of nine important property-related traits to identify candidate genes, many of which are involved in cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and environmental adaptation. 

结论：These results provide a foundation and resources for understanding moso bamboo evolution and the genetic mechanisms of agriculturally important traits.

 摘 要 

毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）是一种具有重要经济和生态价值的非木材林业树种。由于缺乏群体的基因组信息，这一可作为可持续竹资源的物种的进一步发展受到了很大的阻碍。本文中，作者通过对来自15个代表性地理区域的427株个体的全基因组重新测序，共鉴定了545万个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），构建了毛竹的基因组变异图谱。作者鉴定了与毛竹种群适应相关的低遗传多样性、高基因型杂合度以及受到平衡选择的基因。作者推测毛竹的种群历史演变存在一个瓶颈，并且最近的小群体没有发生反弹。作者定义了五个系统发育类群，并推断其中一个类群可能起源于中国东部的单一起源事件。最后，作者对九个重要性状进行全基因组关联分析，以确定候选基因，其中许多涉及细胞壁、碳水化合物代谢和环境适应。本文的研究结果为了解毛竹的演化和农业重要性状的遗传机制提供了基础和资源。

 通讯作者 

** 高志民 **