• Please provide a properly prepared, double-spaced 双倍行距 manuscript/article file in LaTeX/REVTeX. (Note that a TeX file must be one file - the system will not support call-ins or a bib.tex. Be sure to include your references in the file.) Be sure that your manuscript contains page numbers.
• Following are some guidelines for processing of LaTeX Article Files on the journal's submission & peer-review system:
• REVTeX 4.1 includes style files for AIP Journals. These are available at http://www.aip.org/pubservs/compuscript.html. Instructions for use of the package is also included in the zip file.{word的注意 我就不写了，这次用latex投稿--------------------------Preparing a manuscript using LATeX

  AIP now offers style files for AIP Journals. These style files work with REVTeX 4.1 and are included in the REVTeX 4.1 package. All AIP journals will accept REVTeX/LATeX files, however, it is important to note that AIP does not compose/typeset pages in TeX. Instead we use the generic markup language XML (Extensible Markup Language). As a result, the format and layout, especially math, may look somewhat different to what was originally created in TeX. While we appreciate the benefits to authors of preparing manuscripts in TeX, especially for math-intensive manuscripts, it is neither a cost-effective composition tool (for the volume of pages AIP currently produces) nor is it a format that can be used effectively for online publishing.        AIP的期刊现在有style文件了，latex里面用的很方便。要在REVTex 4.1下工作且已经包含。重要注意：AIP不 撰写/排字 在Tex。我们用 XML扩展标记语言来做。所以，格式和layout特别是数学公式，和用tex创建的原稿经常有差别。特别是数学密集的稿件。它（tex）既不是一个性价比高的撰写工具（对于现在AIP工作量来说）也不是一个有效率的格式在在线应用上。

  Style files for LATeX submissions

  The REVTeX 4.1 package includes AIP style files. By downloading REVTeX 4.1 you are also downloading AIP style files. Instructions for each are available in the REVTeX package. For questions regarding the AIP style files, please email tex@aip.org.

  The AIP Style files can be downloaded below and will only work with REVTeX 4.1 and the latest version of natbib, natbib8.3.

  DOWNLOAD REVTeX 4.1 HERE----------------------------------}
• A LaTeX submission should be a single .tex file; multiple-(.tex)-file submissions are not supported. 
• Commands to include EPS figures may be used. Ensure that the figure filename cited in the command matches that of the actual file upload; use only the simple filename, not a complete directory path; only include figures in .eps format (not .tif or .pdf). If an EPS file contains a thumbnail preview, it may not render in the article PDF generated via the TeX.
• Submission of custom .sty files is not supported.
• Submission of .bib files is not supported; create your own .bbl file and include it as the bibliography section in the main .tex file.
• Footnotes should be treated the same as references. Do not use the "footnote" command; use the standard "cite" command for footnotes as well as references.
• Processing and conversion of LaTeX files generated from Scientific Word (tcilatex) is not supported, and not likely to proceed successfully.
• Submissions in Plain TeX format or in dvi format are not supported.
• Uploading .sty files or .bib files, e.g., as Supplemental Material file types, does NOT help.
• To redo the TeX processing, e.g., after uploading a new or revised figure file, do a Replace on the .tex Article File. Doing a Rebuild of the Merged PDF file does NOT initiate another TeX processing.

For best results, please adhere to these guidelines when preparing your illustrations for submission.

{-------------------------   these guidelines  ---------

Please adhere to the following guidelines when preparing your illustrations for submission:

• Number figures in the order in which they appear in text.
• Label all figure parts with (a), (b), etc. Avoid any large disparity in size of lettering and labels used within one illustration.
• Prepare illustrations in the final published size, not oversized. The maximum published width for a one-column illustration is 3-3/8 inch (8.5 cm). The maximum width for a two-column figure is 6.69 inch (17 cm). Each illustration should be prepared for 100% reproduction in order to avoid problems arising from large reductions in size.
• In cases where reduction is required, avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in and avoid small lettering; ensure that, in the final published illustration, there is a minimum of 8-point type size (2.8 mm high; 1/8 inch high) for lettering and 0.5-point width for lines.
• Ensure that lettering and lines are dark enough, and thick enough, to reproduce clearly, especially if reduction is necessary. Remember that fine lines tend to disappear upon reduction.

• Acceptable formats: PostScript (.ps), Encapsulated PostScript (.eps, using either Arial or Times Roman fonts), Tagged Image File Format (.tif, lzw compressed), or Portable Document Format (.pdf).
• When submitting your manuscript, submit ALL illustrations for your paper, including line art.
• Make sure there is only ONE figure per file. Each figure file should contain all parts of the figure. For example, if Figure 1 contains three parts (a, b, c), then all parts should be combined in a single file for Figure 1.
• Set the correct orientation for each graphics file.
• Settings: Set the graphic for 600 dpi resolution for line art, 264 dpi for halftones, and 600 dpi for combinations (line art + halftone).
• Save line art as black/white bitmap, not grayscale.
• Save halftones and combinations as grayscale, not black/white bitmap.
• Submit color files at 300 dpi TIFF, PS, or EPS format. If selecting a file mode, use CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) or RGB (red, green, blue).

Special Instructions for Creating a Production-Ready PDF Illustration: 
For accepted manuscripts, PDF as the source file for illustrations is not preferred. However, properly prepared PDF illustration files may be used in the production process of your accepted manuscript if you adhere to the following guidelines:

• PDF should only be used as the source file for illustrations when the preferred formats (PS, EPS, or TIF) cannot be generated.
• In the PDF illustration, the resolution of any shaded or photographic images must be 600 pixels per inch (PPI).
• Within the PDF illustration, resolution of line art with no shading should be 1200 pixels per inch (PPI).
• All fonts must be embedded in the PDF.
• When creating a PDF through your application's print command, select "High Quality Print".
• Link to more detailed instructions here.

As an aid to the author, we provide two guidelines for estimating the finished length of an article. The first is very simple and approximate, and can be used for rough estimates. Usually this will suffice. The second is more complex and considerably better. Neither is guaranteed. Regardless of estimates, the final journal article must be no longer than three pages.

(1) Rough Estimate

Disregard the title, authors' names and institutions, abstract, and list of references. Limit the remainder to 2000 words, or its equivalent. One "word" is 7 characters (spaces count as characters). This will produce a paper of 2 to 3 journal pages most of the time. The typical figure, with its caption, is reduced to the width of a single column, and displaces about 220 words of text. Reduce the 2000-word limit accordingly.

If there are figures of unusual size, many authors from different institutions, a lengthy abstract or list of references, many equations, or several tables, etc., the author is advised to use guideline (2) below.

(2) Refined Estimate

All calculations are made in terms of single-column lines; 118 lines equal one page. Whenever a rule gives a line equivalent for a number of words, the phrase "or fraction thereof" is to be understood. Again, one "word" is 7 characters (where spaces count as characters).

1. The title takes 3 lines for every 7 words.
2. Each group of authors from a single institution, with its address, takes 5 lines. If there are more than 5 authors from one institution, add 2 lines; if an institutional name and address contain more than 85 characters, add another 2 lines.
3. The receipt date takes 3 lines.
4. The abstract takes 2 lines for every 14 words.
5. The text, not counting displayed equations, takes one line for every 9 words.
6. A short equation (less than 40 characters) with no built-up fractions or matrices, etc., takes 3 lines. If it contains a built-up fraction, it takes 4 lines. If it contains a large matrix, it takes at least 2 lines per row of the matrix plus 2 lines. A long equation, typed across two columns, takes at least double these amounts; a very long complex equation may easily take 20 lines. Note that, when there are a number of two-column equations, intervening short equations will often also be given two-column space.
7. Each reference or footnote takes one line for every 10 words.
8. A figure, which can be reduced to one column width (8.5 cm) takes 24 lines per 10 cm of reduced height; if it requires more than one column width, it will take twice as many lines.
9. Each figure caption takes one line for every 10 words. Also, there is one line between a figure and its caption, and 2 lines between captions or figures and text.
10. Each line in a table and its caption become one line if the table fits into one column, and 2 lines if it is wider. Two lines separate a table from text. Large or complex tables should be calculated as if they were figures.

Supplemental files may be of two types:

• Files to aid the reviewer and not for publication.
• Supplementary information for publication alongside the manuscript.

Appropriate items for publication as supplemental material include; multimedia (e.g., movie files, audio files, 3D rendering files), data tables, and text (e.g., appendices) that are too lengthy or of too limited interest for inclusion in the article. Links (URLs) in the online (printed) journal article allow users to navigate directly to the associated files.

All supplemental material must be approved by the Journal Editor as part of a manuscript's normal review cycle, and must be listed in the reference section as follows: "See supplementary material at [URL will be inserted by AIP] for [give brief description of material]."

For additional information about depositing or retrieving EPAPS files, see the Supplemental Material homepage.

{-------------------------- Supplemental Material homepage------------------------

AIP offers an electronic depository for material that is supplementary to papers appearing in journals published by or through AIP. Appropriate items for deposit include multimedia (e.g., movie files, audio files, animated .gifs, 3D rendering files), color figures, data tables, and text (e.g., appendices) that are too lengthy or of too limited interest for inclusion in the printed journal. Supplemental materials are available free of charge to users, via links from the online journals or by browsing the depository directories (see below).

Please read the disclaimer before using this service.

--------------------------Supplemental Material homepage-------------------------}

To support the cost of wide dissemination of research results through publication of journal pages and production of a database of articles, the author's institution is requested to pay a page charge of $115 per page (with a one-page minimum) and an article charge of $20 per article. For Errata the minimum page charge is $115, with no article charge.

Through participation in Author Select ^® and payment of an $1800 fee in support of both publication and archiving costs, authors can provide free online access to a published article, in perpetuity, to any online user. More details on this option may be found in the Open Access Publication section of this website. Authors may indicate their intention to participate in Author Select when submitting new or revised manuscripts at the journal’s submission website.

Information regarding payment of these charges will be provided following acceptance for publication. Inquiries concerning page charge and open access fees should be addressed to:

Publication Page Charge & Reprints
American Institute of Physics
Suite 1NO1, 2 Huntington Quadrangle
Melville, NY 11747-4502

Telephone:1-800-344-6909 (U.S. and Canada) or +1 516-576-2270
FAX: +1 516-349-9704
E-mail: pcr@aip.org

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Illustrations will appear in color in the online journal free of charge to authors. To take advantage of this free service, authors must (i) supply usable color graphics files (.eps, .ps, .tif, or .pdf only), (ii) transmit graphics files in time for utilization during the production process, (iii) submit only one version of each graphics file, (iv) ensure that colors chosen will reproduce well when printed in black & white, and (v) ensure that descriptions of figures in text will be sufficiently clear for both print and online versions.

Authors or their institutions must bear the cost of any color they wish to use in the printed journal. As of 1 January 2009, a fixed rate of $325 for each color figure applies for color in print. For multipart figures, a single charge will apply only if all parts are submitted as a single piece of artwork.

For color in the printed journal, authors are required to sign an acknowledgment of color charges prior to publication of an article with color figures.

Direct inquiries concerning free online color and color printing charges to AIP Production Services.