橄榄油促进大脑健康的神经科学原理

   前言

   昨天，我们谈到了地中海饮食对大脑健康的各种好处，包括促进大脑认知功能、延缓脑萎缩、延缓脑皮层变薄、预防脑卒中和痴呆疾病等。今天，我们来进一步分析一下地中海饮食中的一个重要组分—橄榄油到底跟大脑健康有何关系。

橄榄油与脑结构和脑功能

1. 橄榄油可以调节大脑中某些脑区的脑血流；

   Olive oil aroma extract modulates cerebral blood flow in gustatory brain areas in humans.

2. 橄榄油可以提高学习和记忆能力；

   Extra virgin olive oil improves learning and memory in SAMP8 mice.

3. 橄榄油可以提供认知功能；

   Virgin olive oil supplementation and long-term cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized, trial.

   
   

橄榄油与脑疾病

1. 橄榄油可以改善年龄相关的运动协调能力下降和情景记忆障碍；

   Long-term dietary extra-virgin olive oil rich in polyphenols reverses age-related dysfunctions in motor coordination and contextual memory in mice: role of oxidative stress.

2. 橄榄油可能具有抗焦虑作用；

   Effects of dietary extra-virgin olive oil on behaviour and brain biochemical parameters in ageing rats.

3. 橄榄油可以降低脑缺血损伤；

   Neuroprotective effect of olive oil in the hippocampus CA1 neurons following ischemia: Reperfusion in mice.

   Dietary virgin olive oil reduces blood brain barrier permeability, brain edema, and brain injury in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion.

4. 橄榄油具有抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用；

   Role of monoaminergic system in the etiology of olive oil induced antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in rats.

5. 可能有助于治疗神经变性病；

   Olive oil reduces oxidative damage in a 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like rat model.

橄榄油的生物学作用

1. 抗氧化：橄榄油是一种重要的抗氧化物，可以对神经系统产生保护作用；

   Role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of virgin olive oilcomponents in rat brain.

   Extra virgin olive oil modulates brain docosahexaenoic acid level and oxidative damage caused by 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats.

   Olive oil-enriched diet reduces brain oxidative damages and ameliorates neurotrophic factor gene expression in different life stages of rats.

   Olive oil reduces oxidative damage in a 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like rat model.

2. 抗炎：橄榄油抑制TNF-alpha诱导的内皮细胞迁移；

   Olive oil compounds inhibit the paracrine regulation of TNF-α-induced endothelial cell migration through reduced glioblastoma cell cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

3. 抗蛋白聚集：橄榄油可以减少AD动物模型大脑中的Aβ和磷酸化tau沉积；

   Extra-virgin olive oil attenuates amyloid-β and tau pathologies in the brains of TgSwDI mice.

4. 促进毒性蛋白Aβ清除

   Olive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies.

5. 抗肿瘤

   Extravirgin olive oil up-regulates CB₁ tumor suppressor gene in human colon cancer cells and in rat colon via epigenetic mechanisms.

6. 提高骨骼肌功能

   An olive oil-derived antioxidant mixture ameliorates the age-related decline of skeletal muscle function.

7. 抗缺氧

   Dietary virgin olive oil reduces oxidative stress and cellular damage in rat brain slices subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation.

8. 抗衰老

   A nutrigenomics approach for the study of anti-aging interventions: olive oil phenols and the modulation of gene and microRNA expression profiles in mouse brain.