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基于DIKWP的通用人工智能测评之四-(AGI-AIGC-GPT测评实验室报告系列报告)

已有 1924 次阅读 2023-4-11 15:10 |系统分类:论文交流

The Performance Comparison of Artificial General Intelligence models on DIKWP

April 2023

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23005.49120

Yingbo Li,Yucong Duan

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369921113_The_Performance_Comparison_of_Artificial_General_Intelligence_models_on_DIKWP

 

基于DIKWP的通用人工智能测评(系列之四)

The Performance Comparison of Artificial General Intelligence models on DIKWP

-AGI-AIGC-GPT测评实验室报告系列报告 

Yingbo Li                       Yucong Duan*

 xslwen@outlook.com   duanyucong@hotmail.com 

Hainan University 

1. 摘要

通用人工智能(AGI)和生成式预训练Transformer(GPT)等技术在近年来取得了显著进展,但如何有效地评价它们的智能水平和能力范围仍然是一个挑战。本研究旨在构建一个客观有效和统一的AGI/GPT评价测试体系,并对目前最先进的三种AGI模型GPT-4, “文心一言”和“通义千问”的表现进行横向比较。本研究基于数据、信息、知识、智慧和智能(DIKWP)模型,设计了一套评价测试指标体系,并通过实验数据和专家评分对三种AGI模型进行量化和定性分析。本研究为AGI/GPT评价测试提供了一个新的视角和方法,并为未来AGI/GPT模型的改进和发展提供了有益参考。

 

Keywords: GPT-4, DIKWP, AGI, Evaluation, LLM

2. 简介

近年来,生成式人工智能(GAI)和通用人工智能(AGI)[1]等技术在文本处理、机器翻译、图片处理等领域取得了显著进展,极大地提高了人类对于各类数字资源的意图理解能力。然而,如何有效地评价这些技术的智能水平和能力范围仍然是一个挑战。目前的AGI/GPT评价测试方法大多基于主观认知经验,缺乏一个客观有效和统一的评价体系和评测标准。本研究旨在构建一个基于数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图(DIKWP)模型的AGI/GPT评价测试体系,并对目前最先进的三种AGI/GPT模型GPT-4[2][3][4][5], “文心一言”[6]和“通义千问”[7]的表现进行横向比较。DIKWP模型是一个描述数字资源从数据到意图之间转换过程的模型,它将数字资源映射到五个层次,并定义了每个层次上数字资源所具有的特征和功能。本研究基于DIKWP模型对三种AGI/GPT模型进行量化和定性分析。本研究为AGI/GPT评价测试提供了一个新的视角和方法,并为未来AGI/GPT模型的改进和发展提供了有益参考。

3. 多种模型的DIKWP推理能力评估

3.1 健康问题的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

1.17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病 2.Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。

3.Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降

4.Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。

5.前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病.

6.Tom想要去医院。

请分析出上面描述中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图,并以表格的方式输出。然后,分别构建出数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱,并给出详细过程。

绘制上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层与意图层之间的关系。

GPT-4回答:

 

这是一个关于肥胖病的案例,其中包含了数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图。下面是我根据您提供的描述所构建的表格和图谱

数据信息知识智慧意图17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。Tom想要去医院。

图谱如下:

其中,数据层包括17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。信息层包括Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。知识层包括前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。智慧层包括了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。意图层包括Tom想要去医院。

 

下面是我为您绘制的关系图谱:

其中,数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层和意图层之间的关系如下:

● 数据层和信息层之间的关系:17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。

● 信息层和知识层之间的关系:前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。

● 知识层和智慧层之间的关系:了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。

● 智慧层和意图层之间的关系:Tom想要去医院。

“通义千问”回答

 

 

信息来源主题子主题层级意图Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。体重超过180斤会增加患上心脏病的风险第一级预防心脏病 Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼。饮食不规律第二级改善饮食习惯 Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻了解肥胖病的危害第二级关注健康信息 前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。对肥胖病的关注第三级参加健康活动 Tom想要去医院。就医第三级咨询健康问题 

 

“文心一言”回答

 

 

数据层信息层知识层智慧层意图层数据17岁青少年体 重超过180斤有患 上心脏病的风险肥胖病患上心脏病Tom体重为185斤时常为自 己的体重而烦恼饭量 有所下降为自己 的体重而烦恼Tom看到了 肥胖病的新闻前两天收到了减 肥培训班的传单没 有肥胖病报班需要自 身没有肥胖病Tom想要去医院想要减肥有意 图去减肥去医院

 

 

3.2 健康问题推理与建议

 

Prompt:

 

Tom很可能或者已经得了什么病,依据是什么?

Tom应该采取什么样的行动保护自己的健康?

绘制出以上行动的示意图。

GPT-4回答:

 

Tom的体重超标可能会导致他患上多种疾病,如心血管疾病(主要是心脏病和中风)、糖尿病、肌肉骨骼疾患(特别是骨关节炎——关节的一种高度致残退行性疾病)和某些癌症(包括子宫内膜、乳腺、卵巢、前列腺、肝脏、胆囊、肾脏和结肠)。因此,Tom需要注意自己的健康,及时采取措施减轻体重,以降低患上这些疾病的风险。

 

Tom可以通过一些简单的方法来减肥,例如:控制饮食,减少高热量食物的摄入,多吃蔬菜水果等低热量食物,同时可以尝试一些运动,例如:散步、慢跑、跑步、骑自行车、游泳、力量训练、无氧间歇训练、瑜伽和普拉提等。这些方法都是比较健康的减肥方法,可以帮助Tom保护自己的健康。

 

以下是几种常见的减肥方法示意图,希望对你有所帮助:

1. 快走/步行/走路。这是减肥的最佳方法之一,因为对于初学者来说,这是最方便又轻松的方法,如果你对健身一点儿都不懂,不会感到不知所措,更不用购买设备。不过,这是一种对减肥影响较小的运动,对关节的压力也较小。

2. 瑜伽。瑜伽可以帮助你放松身心,缓解压力,提高身体柔韧性和平衡性。瑜伽也可以帮助你塑造身材,减少脂肪和增加肌肉。

3. 游泳。游泳是一种全身运动,可以锻炼全身肌肉,消耗大量卡路里。游泳还可以帮助你放松身心,缓解压力。

4. 跑步。跑步是一种简单而有效的有氧运动,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能。跑步还可以帮助你塑造身材和增加肌肉。

5. 骑自行车。骑自行车是一种有氧运动,可以锻炼腿部肌肉和心肺功能。骑自行车还可以帮助你消耗大量卡路里。

6. 健身房锻炼。健身房锻炼可以帮助你增加肌肉和消耗脂肪。在健身房里,你可以使用各种器械进行训练,例如哑铃、杠铃、跑步机等等。

7. 跳绳。跳绳是一种简单而有效的有氧运动,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能。跳绳还可以帮助你塑造身材和增加肌肉。

8. 健走机/跑步机。健走机/跑步机是一种方便而有效的有氧运动器械,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能

“通义千问”回答

 

根据上述结论,可以推测出Tom有可能得了心脏病或其他健康问题,因为其体重已经超过180斤。

基于以上信息,Tom可以采取以下行动来保护自己的健康:

减轻体重,尤其是在饮食方面要控制,多吃健康食品,减少油炸、糖分等高热量食物的摄入。

定期参加体检,尤其是心血管方面的检查,及时发现和预防疾病。

注意保持健康的生活习惯,包括充足的睡眠、适当的运动、不吸烟等。

保持良好的心态,减轻压力,避免过度紧张和焦虑。

定期咨询医生,尤其是在出现相关症状时,及时治疗和控制。

“文心一言”回答

 

Tom可能得了什么病或者已经患病,原因可能包括:

超重或肥胖:Tom的体重超过了健康的范围,可能已经患上了肥胖病。

饮食不均衡:Tom可能饮食不均衡,缺乏足够的营养素,从而导致健康问题。

缺乏锻炼:Tom可能缺乏锻炼,导致身体素质下降,增加患病的风险。

Tom可以采取以下行动保护自己的健康:

减轻体重:Tom可以通过控制饮食、增加锻炼等方式减轻体重,保持健康的体重。

改善饮食习惯:Tom可以调整自己的饮食习惯,多吃蔬菜水果、蛋白质丰富的食物,避免高热量、高脂肪的食物。

增加运动量:Tom可以加强锻炼,增加身体的代谢水平,提高身体的免疫力。

 

3.3 心理学的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

1. Alex时常为自己的言行感到内疚自责,情绪波动大,经常感觉低落。

2. Elisabeth经常为自己的言行感到内疚羞愧,情绪整体感觉绝望。

3. Lee偶尔为自己的言行感到不好意思,并且情绪偶尔感觉孤独。

4. Caroline越来越不爱说话,最近连课外活动都不敢正视伙伴了。并且有人喊他参加以前喜欢的足球活动都不参加了,穿的衣服色彩也开始变的越来越暗淡,经常脏兮兮的。

 

如果Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%, Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

请根据上述内容,总结出数据、信息、知识、智慧、意图,并分别构建出图谱,并给出详细过程。

 

请根据上面的描述结合Elisabeth、Caroline的情况及诊断结果,对Alex进行抑郁概率进行评估并给出形式化表达过程?

如果Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么他的那些数据和信息指标可能有采集错误?

GPT-4回答:

 

根据你的描述,Alex、Elisabeth、Lee和Caroline都有不同程度的抑郁症状。抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍,它会影响一个人的情绪、思维和行为¹。抑郁症的症状包括心境低落、兴趣缺乏、乐趣丧失、自我评价降低、认知能力损害、活动迟缓等。根据你的描述,Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%;Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

 

关于数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图,我可以给出以下解释:

- 数据:Alex、Elisabeth、Lee和Caroline的个人信息和抑郁症状。

- 信息:抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍,它会影响一个人的情绪、思维和行为。抑郁症的症状包括心境低落、兴趣缺乏、乐趣丧失、自我评价降低、认知能力损害、活动迟缓等。

- 知识:Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%;Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

- 智慧:在这种情况下,我们应该尽快寻求专业帮助来帮助这些人。

- 意图:你可能想了解有关抑郁症的更多信息或如何帮助这些人。

 

对于Alex, Elisabeth, Lee和Caroline的心理学建议如下:

● Alex:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他的情绪波动和内疚自责。

● Elisabeth:建议她寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过药物治疗和认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善她的情绪整体感觉绝望。

● Lee:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他偶尔感觉孤独的情况。

● Caroline:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过药物治疗和认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他越来越不爱说话,最近连课外活动都不敢正视伙伴了等情况。

 

为了评估Alex的抑郁概率,我们可以使用类比的方法。首先,我们需要将Alex、Elisabeth和Caroline的症状进行量化。这里我们假设症状的数量和严重程度可以作为量化的依据。

量化过程如下:

1. Alex:内疚自责、情绪波动大、经常感觉低落(3个症状);

2. Elisabeth:内疚羞愧、情绪绝望(2个症状),已知抑郁倾向为70%;

3. Caroline:不爱说话、避开课外活动伙伴、不参加喜欢的足球活动、衣服颜色越来越暗淡、经常脏兮兮(5个症状),已知抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

接下来,我们可以通过计算症状与抑郁倾向的比例来估算Alex的抑郁概率。假设症状与抑郁倾向之间存在线性关系,我们可以得到以下形式化表达:

Elisabeth: 2个症状 / 70% = k Caroline: 5个症状 / 30% = k

解上面的方程组,我们可以得到k的值。假设k在两个方程中的值接近,则:

k ≈ (2 / 0.7 + 5 / 0.3) / 2 ≈ 4.52

然后,我们可以使用k值来计算Alex的抑郁概率:

Alex:3个症状 / k ≈ 3 / 4.52 ≈ 66.4%

因此,根据形式化表达过程,我们估计Alex的抑郁概率为66.4%。请注意,这个估计是基于我们的假设和所给数据,实际抑郁概率可能会受到其他因素的影响。

如果Alex被参考了其他医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么可能存在以下数据和信息采集错误:

1. 症状的描述可能不够全面,有些重要的症状没有被记录;

2. 对症状的严重程度可能存在主观判断偏差;

3. 在计算抑郁倾向时,可能忽略了与抑郁相关的其他因素,如生理指标、家庭背景、心理问题等;

4. 抑郁概率的计算方法可能过于简化,实际上抑郁症状与抑郁倾向之间的关系可能更复杂。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

Alex时常感到内疚和自责,情绪波动较大,有时会感到沮丧和孤独。 这表明Alex可能处于一定程度的抑郁状态。

Elisabeth和 Caroline 都患有不同程度的抑郁症状。 Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向为70%, Caroline的抑郁倾向从5%发展到了30%。 这表明Elisabeth和 Caroline都有可能患有抑郁症。

Alex不太愿意表露自己的情感状态,也没有主动寻求帮助。 这表明Alex可能不太愿意接受自己可能患有抑郁症的事实,也可能是不知道如何寻求帮助。

Elisabeth的情况逐渐变得更加糟糕,她越来越不愿意与人交流,甚至不敢直视自己的伙伴。 Caroline的情况也有所恶化,她开始不愿意参加课外活动,并且开始远离自己喜欢的足球活动。这表明她们的抑郁症状正在逐渐加剧。

基于以上信息,我们可以总结出以下信息:

1. Alex的抑郁倾向可能高于其他三人。

2. Elisabeth的抑郁倾向最高, Caroline的抑郁倾向在不断加剧。

3. Alex的情感状态可能有些不稳定,需要关注和引导。

如果Alex的抑郁症状被参考了其它医学指标,并且数据和信息指标被确认为错误的,那么这些错误可能会影响我们对他抑郁倾向的评估。在确定Alex的抑郁倾向时,应该结合他的实际情况,并尽可能使用可靠的数据和信息指标。

“文心一言”回答

 

Alex的抑郁概率计算过程:

根据Elisabeth的情况,她可能患有中度抑郁和抑郁倾向70%。 根据Caroline的情况,她可能患有抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。 根据两人的情况,假设Alex的抑郁概率为,则有:

• ,表示Alex没有抑郁症状。

• ,表示Alex有轻度抑郁症状。

• ,表示Alex患有中度抑郁症状。 因此,Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁的情况下,他的抑郁概率可能为

如果Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么他的数据和信息指标可能有采集错误,因此需要重新采集数据和信息指标来计算他的抑郁概率。

 

 

3.4 心理学的量化分析

 

Prompt:

 

Alex的数据11:70% 信息11:不好意思 信息12:情绪低落 信息13:孤独 诊断结果:中度抑郁 Max的数据11:5%-30% 信息11:不爱说话 信息12:不参加活动 信息13:? 诊断结果:抑郁倾向

根据上面的数据生成表格。

根据上面的表格,推理出Alex的信息3的具体描述,给出详细的过程

GPT-4回答:

 

 

姓名数据信息1信息2信息3抑郁倾向诊断结果Alex11: 70%不好意思情绪低落孤独70%中度抑郁Max11: 5%-30%不爱说话不参加活动?5% - 30%抑郁倾向

 

请注意,我发现您在描述Max的信息时,并未提供信息13的具体内容。在表格中,我用问号(?)表示缺失的信息。如果您有更多关于Max的信息,请提供给我,我将更新表格。

 

根据表格中提供的数据,我们可以尝试通过推理和类比的方法来猜测Max的信息3。这里我们将使用Alex的数据作为参考。

从表格中可以看出,Alex和Max都存在一定程度的抑郁倾向。然而,Alex的抑郁倾向较高,已被诊断为中度抑郁。在此基础上,我们可以观察他们的共同症状以及各自独有的症状。

我们知道,Alex的信息包括:不好意思、情绪低落和孤独。与此同时,Max的已知信息包括:不爱说话、不参加活动。我们可以尝试从以下几个方面进行分析,以猜测Max的信息3:

1. 社交方面:既然Max不爱说话、不参加活动,那么他可能在社交方面遇到了困扰。我们可以猜测他的信息3可能与社交恐惧、拒绝参与集体活动或者对人际关系的紧张有关。

2. 情绪方面:Alex的情绪低落和孤独可能与他的中度抑郁症状有关。因此,我们可以猜测Max的信息3可能与某种程度的情绪不稳定、烦躁或者焦虑有关。

3. 行为方面:既然Max不爱说话、不参加活动,那么他在行为方面可能有所改变。信息3可能与日常行为的改变有关,例如睡眠不足、食欲改变或者兴趣爱好减少。

需要注意的是,这里的推理和猜测都是基于表格中提供的有限信息。实际上,Max的信息3可能与我们推测的内容完全不同。为了获得更准确的结论,我们建议收集更多关于Max的详细信息

“通义千问”回答

 

以下是根据Alex的信息2和信息3推理出的详细过程:

1. 情绪低落:Alex可能在和自己的情感状态做斗争,对于自己的情感状态感到沮丧和低落。

2. 不爱说话:Alex不太愿意表露自己的情感状态,甚至不敢直视自己的伙伴。这可能是因为他不愿意让别人知道他的情感状态不佳,或者是因为他不知道如何表达自己的情感状态。

3. 不参加活动:Alex不愿意参加课外活动,并且开始远离自己喜欢的足球活动。这可能是因为他不愿意让自己暴露在不良情感状态下,或者是因为他觉得这些活动无法帮助他提高情感状态。

4. 抑郁倾向:Alex的情感状态有可能已经比较低落,需要得到重视和治疗。

综上所述,通过推理和信息收集,我们可以更好地了解Alex的情感状态,并采取相应的措施来提高他的情感状态。

“文心一言”回答

 

Alex的信息3可能描述为“不爱说话”或“不参加活动”。

根据表格中的信息,Alex的数据11:70% 包含了“不好意思”和“情绪低落”,这意味着他可能感到不好意思或情绪低落。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不爱说话”和“不参加活动”,因此这两个信息也可能是他信息3的具体描述。

在这种情况下,我们可以使用逻辑推理来推断Alex信息3的具体描述。由于他的数据11:70% 包含了“不好意思”,因此他可能感到不好意思。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不爱说话”,因此他可能不爱说话或不参加活动。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不参加活动”,因此他可能不参加活动。

因此,Alex的信息3可能是“不爱说话”或“不参加活动”。

 

 

3.5 人事管理的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

Alex和John都是计算机行业相关的求职人员,Alex是应届毕业生,John是有3年工作经验的从业者。

某公司发出如下招聘信息:

1. 招收计算机软件工程师,1-3年相关从业经验,优秀应届毕业生也可以投递简历。

2. 需要吃苦耐劳,有追求技术的热情和良好的责任心,同时具有比较好的学习能力和变化适应的能力。

3. 偶尔能够适应加班。

4. 了解Java、C++或者其他编程语言,有良好的编程功底和文档阅读以及撰写能力。

5. 有一定的英文阅读能力。

Alex的简历除了基本信息外,强调了自己有过半年实习经历,性格上也开朗随和能和别人相处融洽,在学校拿过奖学金,成绩较为优秀,英语阅读能力优秀,能够适应经常加班的要求,但是没有相关编程的功底。

John的简历除了基本信息外,有3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目。但是他在简历上强调了自己性格沉稳,虽然不善于交际,但是富有责任心。

请问如果我是HR,应该选择哪个作为公司员工?能不能从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层上进行详细地对比?

GPT-4回答:

作为HR,在评估这两位求职者时,我们可以从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层进行详细地对比。以下是各个层次的对比:

数据层:

● Alex:应届毕业生,半年实习经历,优秀英语阅读能力,能适应加班,无编程功底。

● John:3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目,沉稳,不善交际,富有责任心。

信息层:

● Alex:具备良好的学术背景,较强的适应能力和团队合作能力,但缺乏编程基础。

● John:具有实际工作经验,技术能力较强,但在团队沟通方面可能存在局限。

知识层:

● Alex:在英语阅读、适应加班等方面有优势,但在技术知识方面不足。

● John:具备丰富的行业知识和技能,了解Java,参与过多个项目,但在沟通方面有待提高。

智慧层:

● Alex:能够在学术和团队协作方面为公司带来新的活力和创意,但需要花费时间和资源培训技能。

● John:已经具备一定的经验和技能,可以立即投入工作,为公司创造价值,但可能需要在团队协作方面作出努力。

意图层:

● Alex:意图在于学习和成长,希望在公司中发挥自己的优势,但需要公司提供技能培训。

● John:意图在于充分发挥自己的技能和经验,为公司创造价值,但需要在沟通和协作方面作出改进。

综合分析上述五个层次的对比,这两位求职者各有优缺点。在招聘软件工程师的岗位上,技术能力和实际经验更为关键。因此,从这个角度来看,John可能更符合岗位要求。但是,如果公司愿意投入时间和资源进行技能培训,Alex的潜力和团队协作能力也值得关注。最终决策取决于公司对于技能、经验和团队合作等方面的权衡

 

“通义千问”回答

 

如果我是HR,我会选择Alex作为公司员工。首先,Alex的简历表明他具有1-3年的相关从业经验,这是求职市场上很重要的一个加分项。同时,他有半年的实习经历,并且性格比较随和,能够与团队良好地相处,这些都是能够为公司带来价值的素质。

在知识和技能方面,Alex具有基本的编程知识和能力,同时还能够进行文档阅读和编写,这可以让他更好地适应公司的开发和文档撰写工作。在工作方面,他能够适应加班,这也是一个重要的加分项。

在意图层面,Alex表达了自己希望能够通过学习和成长来提升自己的技能,并且有一定的学习能力和适应能力。这表明他有很好的潜力,可以为公司带来长期的价值。

从数据层面和信息层面来看,Alex和John的简历表现没有太大的区别,所以这两个因素对于HR来说不是非常重要。

从智慧层面来看,Alex具有较好的适应能力和沟通能力,这些是能够帮助他在团队中更好地融入的素质。而John在智慧层面上相对更优秀,他的沉稳和责任心可以让他在公司中发挥更大的作用。

因此,我认为Alex更适合公司的要求,他能够为公司带来一定的价值,并且具有一定的潜力和成长空间。当然,在面试中我会重点考察Alex的编程能力、解决问题的能力和团队合作能力等方面。

“文心一言”回答

 

数据层:John的数据比Alex多,John有3年工作经验,有相关的实习经历,而Alex只是应届毕业生。

信息层:Alex的简历上强调了自己有过半年实习经历,性格上开朗随和能和别人相处融洽,在学校拿过奖学金,成绩较为优秀,英语阅读能力优秀,能够适应经常加班的要求,但是没有相关编程的功底。而John的简历上则强调了自己性格沉稳,富有责任心,不善于交际,但是富有责任心。

知识层:Alex的简历上只是提到了Java和C++等编程语言,而John的简历上则提到了Java语言的熟练掌握,以及多个开发项目的参与经历,因此John的知识层更加丰富。

智慧层:Alex和John在面试中的表现都比较优秀,都能够回答出关于编程语言的相关问题,但是John在简历上也提到了自己的责任心,因此John可能会更加适合公司的工作。

意图层:无法从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层上推测出HR会选择哪个作为公司员工,因为这些数据和信息只是表明候选人的优势和特点,而真正的决策者可能会考虑更多的因素,例如候选人的职业素养、工作态度、工作能力、个人价值观等。

 

 

Prompt:

 

如果该公司是个创业公司,业务发展迅速。该公司的最后一个面试官面试了这两个人,对于他们面试表现都很满意。但是面试官他考虑到未来发展,希望性格成熟稳重,发展潜力巨大的人来到公司,同时希望培养员工接手新项目,我最后应该如何决策?

GPT-4回答:

在这种情况下,作为HR,我们需要考虑到公司的实际需求和面试官的期望。既然面试官对两位求职者的面试表现都很满意,我们需要权衡他们在性格成熟稳重和发展潜力上的表现。

对于创业公司来说,稳定的团队和员工发展潜力至关重要。在这里,我们可以再次比较Alex和John的优缺点:

Alex:

● 优点:性格开朗随和,团队合作能力强,学术背景优秀,英语阅读能力强,适应加班。

● 缺点:缺乏编程基础,需要时间和资源进行技能培训。

John:

● 优点:性格沉稳,3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目,富有责任心。

● 缺点:不善交际,可能需要努力提升团队沟通能力。

从上述比较来看,John具备较为成熟稳重的性格和丰富的工作经验,而Alex则具备较大的发展潜力。鉴于公司希望培养员工接手新项目,可以考虑以下两种决策方案:

1. 如果公司愿意投入时间和资源进行技能培训,那么可以选择Alex。他的团队合作能力和潜力可能更适合快速发展的创业公司。通过技能培训和实践,Alex可能在短时间内迎头赶上,为公司创造价值。

2. 如果公司希望立即拥有一名可以投入工作的员工,那么可以选择John。他的工作经验和技能可以让他立即接手新项目。同时,公司可以鼓励并协助John提升团队沟通能力,以便更好地融入团队。

综上,决策取决于公司对于技能培训和团队合作的权衡。无论选择哪位求职者,公司都需要为他们提供支持和培训,以帮助他们更好地融入公司文化和完成新项目。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

如果该公司是一家创业公司,业务发展迅速,那么面试官的想法是非常合理的。在这种情况下,公司需要有经验丰富、成熟稳重的员工来稳定公司的业务发展,同时也需要有发展潜力巨大的员工来帮助公司成长。

因此,在这种情况下,Alex和John都有各自的优点和不足。如果我是HR,我可能会选择Alex,因为他在半年的实习经历中表现出了一定的适应能力和潜力,并且在数据层和信息层方面的表现也符合公司的要求。此外,Alex的沟通能力和团队合作能力也是公司需要的素质。

当然,HR也应该考虑到未来的发展。对于Alex来说,如果他能够表现出更强的创造力和适应力,那么他可以成为公司未来的重要力量。对于John来说,如果他能够进一步加强编程能力和项目管理能力,那么他也可以成为公司未来的重要力量。

总的来说,HR需要综合考虑候选人的技能、经验、潜力和风格等方面,选择最适合公司需要的员工。同时,HR也应该在员工的成长和公司的发展之间找到平衡点,为公司和员工创造共同的成长机会。

“文心一言”回答

 

这是一个需要谨慎考虑的决策,因为它会影响整个团队的未来发展。以下是一些建议,可以帮助您做出最佳决策:

1. 评估候选人的技能和经验:您需要评估候选人的技能和经验,以确保他们能够胜任新项目的工作。您可以询问候选人以前从事过的项目,以及他们如何解决问题和适应变化的。这可以帮助您了解候选人的技能水平和经验。

2. 考虑候选人的性格特点:如果您希望团队成员拥有成熟稳重的性格特点,那么您可以考虑候选人是否具有这些特点。您可以了解候选人的性格,并确保他们愿意接受新的挑战和责任。

3. 了解候选人的个人发展计划:您需要了解候选人的个人发展计划,以确定他们是否有足够的发展潜力来接手新项目。如果候选人计划在未来几年内继续学习和发展,那么您可能会考虑他们。

4. 确定候选人的薪资要求:如果候选人的薪资要求与公司的薪资结构不匹配,那么您可能需要重新考虑您的决策。您可以询问候选人的薪资要求,以确保他们的薪资要求符合公司的薪资结构。

5. 仔细考虑其他因素:除了技能和经验、性格特点、个人发展计划和薪资要求,您还需要考虑其他因素,例如候选人的工作态度、团队合作能力、领导能力等。您需要综合考虑这些因素,并做出最佳决策。

最后,您应该根据您的决策权衡候选人的技能和经验、性格特点、个人发展计划和薪资要求,并做出最佳决策。

 

 

Prompt:

 

给出上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层的意向图

 

GPT-4回答:

由于文字描述的限制,我不能直接绘制意向图。但是,我可以为您提供一个基于数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层的层次结构列表。您可以使用这个列表来创建一个视觉化的意向图。

1. 数据层

○ Alex

■ 应届毕业生

■ 半年实习经历

■ 优秀英语阅读能力

■ 能适应加班

■ 无编程功底

○ John

■ 3年工作经验

■ 熟悉Java语言

■ 参与过多个开发项目

■ 沉稳

■ 不善交际

■ 富有责任心

2. 信息层

○ Alex

■ 学术背景优秀

■ 适应能力强

■ 团队合作能力强

■ 缺乏编程基础

○ John

■ 实际工作经验丰富

■ 技术能力较强

■ 团队沟通能力有待提高

3. 知识层

○ Alex

■ 优秀的英语阅读能力

■ 缺乏技术知识

○ John

■ 行业知识和技能丰富

■ 了解Java编程语言

■ 参与过多个项目

■ 沟通方面有待提高

4. 智慧层

○ Alex

■ 新的活力和创意

■ 需要时间和资源培训技能

○ John

■ 立即投入工作

■ 为公司创造价值

■ 需要努力提升团队协作能力

5. 意图层

○ Alex

■ 学习和成长

■ 发挥优势

■ 需要公司提供技能培训

○ John

■ 充分发挥技能和经验

■ 为公司创造价值

■ 改善沟通和协作能力

根据以上层次结构列表,您可以创建一个视觉化的意向图,以便更好地比较Alex和John在不同层面上的优缺点。这将有助于您做出更全面和明智的决策。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

根据Alex和John的实际表现和公司的需求,我会给出以下意向图的构建方法:

参考公司已有的意向图:首先,可以根据公司的意向图框架,对员工的表现进行归纳和总结,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法比较保守,但是比较容易控制。

根据员工的实际表现:然后,可以根据员工的实际表现,来确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法可以更好地反映员工的实际能力和素质。在确定层面目标和要求时,可以采用KSA(知识/技能、能力、素质)模型,根据员工的具体能力和素质来确定具体的要求。

与员工沟通和讨论:与员工进行沟通和讨论,了解他们的能力和兴趣,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法可以更好地满足员工的需求和期望。在确定层面目标和要求时,可以结合员工的个人愿望和公司的发展需要来确定。

通过专业人士的评估:如果需要更加准确地确定每个层面的目标和要求,可以请专业人士(如职业规划师、人力资源专家等)对员工的表现进行评估,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。

总之,无论采用哪种方法,都需要注意目标和要求的清晰明确,以及目标和要求的可衡量性和可达成性。

 

“文心一言”回答

 

在上面的问题中,可以使用结构化思维来构建意向图。具体来说,可以按照以下步骤进行:

1. 确定数据层:在上面的例子中,可以将Alex和John的基本信息(如年龄、性别、学历、工作经验等)作为数据层。

2. 确定信息层:在上面的例子中,可以将Alex和John的简历和面试表现作为信息层,以便更好地了解他们的背景和技能。

3. 确定知识层:在上面的例子中,可以将John的工作经验和技能作为知识层,以便了解他在计算机行业的从业经验和技能。

4. 确定智慧层:在上面的例子中,可以将John的性格特点和个人发展计划作为智慧层,以便了解他是否适合公司的文化和工作氛围。

5. 确定意图层:在上面的例子中,可以将HR的决策需求作为意图层,以便了解HR的决策目标和优先级。 通过结合数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层和意图层,可以更加全面地了解Alex和John的情况,并帮助HR做出更加合理的决策。

 

4. 实验评估的讨论与结论

从如上对三种模型的实验中我们可以比较清晰的看出GPT-4在绝大多数情况下可以比较好的对所提出的要求理解并进行分析。只有GPT-4非常明确的理解了DIKWP的各层的含义并从各个实例中提取出对应的文字,而且只有具有绘制表格的能力。“通义千问”基本上无法理解DIKWP的定义,而“文心一言”介于两者之间在部分情况仍然能够较为有效的解释实例的DIKWP含义。GPT-4和其他两者比较起来更能像专家系统一样提出在不同情况下的建议。综合来讲,GPT-4仍然是最为成熟的大语言模型,其他模型仍有一定差距。

 

Reference

[1] Bubeck, Sébastien, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee et al. "Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.12712 (2023).

[2] Li, Yingbo, Yucong Duan, Zakaria Maamar, Haoyang Che, Anamaria-Beatrice Spulber, and Stelios Fuentes. "Swarm differential privacy for purpose-driven data-information-knowledge-wisdom architecture." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (2021): 1-15.

[3] Mei, Yingtian, Yucong Duan, Liang Chen, Zaiwen Feng, Lei Yu, and Zhendong Guo. "Purpose Driven Disputation Modeling, Analysis and Resolution Based on DIKWP Graphs." In 2022 IEEE 24th Int Conf on High Performance Computing & Communications; 8th Int Conf on Data Science & Systems; 20th Int Conf on Smart City; 8th Int Conf on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud & Big Data Systems & Application (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys), pp. 2118-2125. IEEE, 2022.

[4] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “The Wisdom of Artificial General Intelligence: Experiments with GPT-4 for DIKWP”, arXiv preprint (2023)

[5] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “The Evaluation of Experiments of Artificial General Intelligence with GPT-4 Based on DIKWP“, arXiv preprint (2023)

[6] Chengxiang Ren, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan,“ Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for ERNIE Bot”, arXiv preprint (2023)

[7] Yingtian Mei, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for QianWen”, arXiv preprint (2023)

 

 

The Performance Comparison of Artificial General Intelligence models on DIKWP 

Yingbo Li Yucong Duan*

 xslwen@outlook.com   duanyucong@hotmail.com 

Hainan University 

1. Summary

Technologies such as artificial general intelligence (AGI) and generative pre-training Transformer (GPT) have made remarkable progress in recent years, but how to effectively evaluate their intelligence level and scope of capabilities is still a challenge. This study aims to build an objective, effective and unified AGI/GPT evaluation test system, and to compare the performance of the three most advanced AGI models GPT-4, "ERNIE Bot" and "Tongyi Qianwen" . Based on the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and intelligence (DIKWP) model, this study designed a set of evaluation test index systems, and carried out quantitative and qualitative analysis on the three AGI models through experimental data and expert scores. This research provides a new perspective and method for AGI/GPT evaluation test, and provides a useful reference for the improvement and development of AGI/GPT model in the future.

 

Keywords: GPT, DIKWP, AGI, Evaluation, LLM, ERNIE Bot, Tongyi Qianwen

2. Introduction

In recent years, technologies such as generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI) [1] have made remarkable progress in the fields of text processing, machine translation, and image processing, which have greatly improved human purposes for various digital resources. Comprehension. However, how to effectively evaluate the level of intelligence and range of capabilities of these technologies remains a challenge. Most of the current AGI/GPT evaluation test methods are based on subjective cognitive experience, and lack an objective, effective and unified evaluation system and evaluation standards. This research aims to construct an AGI/GPT evaluation test system based on the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose (DIKWP) model, and to test the three most advanced AGI/GPT models GPT-4[2][3][ 4][5], "ERNIE Bot" [6] and "Tongyi Qianwen" [7] are compared horizontally. The DIKWP model is a model that describes the transformation process of digital resources from data to purpose. It maps digital resources to five levels and defines the characteristics and functions of digital resources at each level. In this study, three AGI/GPT models were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed based on the DIKWP model. This research provides a new perspective and method for AGI/GPT evaluation test, and provides a useful reference for the improvement and development of AGI/GPT model in the future.

3. Evaluation of DIKWP Reasoning Ability of Multiple Models

3.1 DIKWP analysis of health problems

 

Prompt:

 

1. If a 17-year-old teenager weighs more than 180 catties, he will have a risk of heart disease. He is called obesity. 2. Tom is 17 years old and weighs 185 catties.

3. Tom often worries about his weight, and his appetite has decreased recently

4. Tom saw the news about obesity on TV.

5. Two days ago, Tom received a flyer for a weight loss training class, which clearly stated that he must not be obese to enroll in the class.

6.Tom wants to go to the hospital.

Please analyze the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose contained in the above description, and output it in the form of a table. Then, the graphs of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose are respectively constructed, and the detailed process is given.

Draw the relationship between the above data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level.

GPT-4 answers:

 

This is a case about obesity that incorporates data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and purpose. Here's what I've come up with based on the description you providedConstructed tables and graphs

datainformationKnowledgewisdompurposeA 17-year-old teenager who weighs more than 180 catties is at risk of heart disease, which is called obesity; Tom is 17 years old and weighs 185 catties.Tom often worries about his weight, and his appetite has decreased recently; Tom has seen news about obesity on TV.Two days ago, Tom received a leaflet for a weight loss training class, which clearly stated that he must not be obese to enroll in the class.Knowing Tom's situation, you can analyze the health problems he may face and how to help them.Tom wants to go to the hospital.

The spectrum is as follows:

Among them, the data level includes 17-year-old teenagers who are at risk of developing heart disease if their weight exceeds 180 catties, which is called obesity; Tom is 17 years old and weighs 185 catties. The information level includes that Tom is often worried about his weight, and his appetite has decreased recently; Tom has seen news about obesity on TV. The knowledge level includes two days ago, Tom received a leaflet for a weight loss training class, which clearly stated that he must not be obese to enroll in the class. The intelligence level includes understanding Tom's situation, and can analyze the health problems he may face and how to help them. The purpose level includes Tom wanting to go to the hospital.

 

Here is the relationship map I drew for you:

Among them, the relationship among data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level is as follows:

● The relationship between the data level and the information level: If a 17-year-old teenager weighs more than 180 catties, he will have a risk of heart disease and call it obesity; Tom is 17 years old and weighs 185 catties. Tom often worries about his weight, and his appetite has decreased recently; Tom has seen news about obesity on TV.

● The relationship between the information level and the knowledge level: Two days ago, Tom received a flyer for a weight loss training class, which clearly stated that he must not be obese to enroll in the class.

● The relationship between the knowledge level and the wisdom level: Knowing Tom's situation, you can analyze the health problems he may face and how to help them.

● The relationship between the intelligence level and the purpose level: Tom wants to go to the hospital.

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

 

Information SourcesthemesubtopiclevelpurposeTom is 17 years old and weighs 185 catties.Being over 180 pounds can increase the risk of heart diseasefirst levelprevent heart disease Tom often worries about his weight.irregular dietsecond levelimprove eating habits Tom saw the obesity news on TVKnow the dangers of obesitysecond levelPay attention to health information Two days ago, Tom received a leaflet for a weight loss training class, which clearly stated that he must not be obese to enroll in the class.attention to obesitythird levelparticipate in health activities Tom wants to go to the hospital.seek medical attentionthird levelAdvice on health issues 

 

"One word from the heart" answer

 

 

data levelinformation levelknowledge levelIntelligence levelpurpose leveldata17-year-old teenager weighing more than 180 cattiesat risk of heart diseaseobesitysuffering from heart diseaseTomWeight is 185 cattiesAlways worry about your weightappetite decreasedworry about your weightTomSaw the obesity newsI received a flyer for a weight loss training class two days agono obesityTo register for shifts, one must not be obeseTomwant to go to the hospitalwant to lose weightintend to lose weightgo to the hospital

 

 

3.2 Reasoning and Suggestion for Health Problems

 

Prompt:

 

What is the basis for Tom likely or already suffering from some kind of disease?

What actions should Tom take to protect his health?

Draw a schematic diagram of the above actions.

GPT-4 answers:

 

Tom's excess weight may have contributed to his various medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease (mainly heart attacks and strokes), diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders (particularly osteoarthritis - a highly disabling degenerative disease of the joints ) and certain cancers (including endometrium, breast, ovary, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon). Therefore, Tom needs to pay attention to his health and take timely measures to lose weight to reduce the risk of these diseases.

 

Tom can lose weight through some simple methods, such as: controlling diet, reducing the intake of high-calorie foods, eating more low-calorie foods such as vegetables and fruits, and trying some sports, such as: walking, jogging, running, cycling, swimming , strength training, anaerobic interval training, yoga and Pilates, etc. These methods are relatively healthy ways to lose weight, which can help Tom protect his health.

 

The following are schematic diagrams of several common weight loss methods, hoping to help you:

● Brisk walk/walk/walk. This is one of the best ways to lose weight because it's the most convenient and painless way for beginners without feeling overwhelmed and buying equipment if you don't know anything about fitness. Still, it's a less impactful exercise for weight loss and less stress on your joints.

● yoga. Yoga can help you relax, relieve stress, and improve flexibility and balance. Yoga can also help you get in shape, lose fat and build muscle.

● swim. Swimming is a full-body exercise that works all the muscles and burns a lot of calories. Swimming can also help you relax and relieve stress.

● running. Running is a simple but effective form of aerobic exercise that burns a lot of calories and improves cardiorespiratory fitness. Running can also help you get in shape and build muscle.

● Cycling. Cycling is an aerobic exercise that works your leg muscles and your heart and lungs. Cycling can also help you burn a lot of calories.

● Gym workout. Gym workouts can help you build muscle and burn fat. In the gym, you can use a variety of equipment for training, such as dumbbells, barbells, treadmills, and more.

● jump rope. Jumping rope is a simple but effective aerobic exercise that burns a lot of calories and improves cardiorespiratory fitness. Jumping rope can also help you get in shape and build muscle.

● Walking machine/treadmill. The walking machine/treadmill is a convenient and effective piece of cardio equipment that burns lots of calories and improves cardiorespiratory fitness

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

Based on the above conclusions, it can be inferred that Tom may have heart disease or other health problems, because his weight has exceeded 180 catties.

Based on the above information, Tom can take the following actions to protect his health:

Lose weight, especially in terms of diet to control, eat more healthy foods, and reduce the intake of high-calorie foods such as fried and sugar.

Participate in regular physical examinations, especially cardiovascular examinations, to detect and prevent diseases in time.

Pay attention to maintaining healthy living habits, including adequate sleep, proper exercise, and non-smoking.

Keep a good attitude, reduce stress, and avoid excessive tension and anxiety.

Consult a doctor regularly, especially when relevant symptoms appear, for timely treatment and control.

"One word from the heart" answer

 

Tom may have some disease or has been ill, the reasons may include:

Overweight or Obese: Tom is overweight and may be obese.

Unbalanced Diet: Tom may have an unbalanced diet and lack of adequate nutrients, which can lead to health problems.

Lack of exercise: Tom may lack exercise, which leads to a decline in physical fitness and increases the risk of disease.

Tom can take the following actions to protect his health:

Lose weight: Tom can lose weight and maintain a healthy weight by controlling his diet and increasing exercise.

Improve eating habits: Tom can adjust his eating habits, eat more vegetables, fruits, and protein-rich foods, and avoid high-calorie, high-fat foods.

Increase the amount of exercise: Tom can strengthen exercise, increase the body's metabolic level, and improve the body's immunity.

 

 

 

3.3 DIKWP Analysis of Psychology

 

Prompt:

 

1. Alex often feels guilty and self-blame for his words and deeds, his mood fluctuates greatly, and he often feels depressed.

2. Elisabeth often feels guilty and ashamed for her words and deeds, and feels hopeless overall.

3. Lee occasionally feels embarrassed by his words and deeds, and occasionally feels lonely emotionally.

4. Caroline is becoming less and less talkative. Recently, she doesn't even dare to look at her partners in extracurricular activities. And someone told him not to participate in the football activities he liked before, and the color of the clothes he wore began to become darker and darker, often dirty.

 

If Elisabeth is diagnosed as moderately depressed with 70% depression tendency, Caroline is diagnosed with depression tendency from 5% to 30%.

Based on the above content, please summarize the data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and purpose, and construct maps respectively, and give a detailed process.

 

Please evaluate Alex's probability of depression based on the above description combined with the conditions of Elisabeth and Caroline and the diagnosis results, and give a formal expression process?

If Alex was diagnosed with severe depression by reference to other medical indicators, then his data and information indicators may have been collected incorrectly?

GPT-4 answers:

 

According to your description, Alex, Elisabeth, Lee and Caroline all have different degrees of depressive symptoms. Depression is a common psychological disorder that affects a person's mood, thinking, and behavior¹. Symptoms of depression include low mood, lack of interest, loss of enjoyment, decreased self-esteem, cognitive impairment, and slowed activity. According to your description, Elisabeth was diagnosed with moderate depression, with a depression tendency of 70%; Caroline was diagnosed with a depression tendency from 5% to 30%.

 

Regarding data, information, knowledge, intelligence and purposes, I can give the following explanations:

- Data: Personal information and depressive symptoms of Alex, Elisabeth, Lee and Caroline.

- INFORMATION: Depression is a common psychological disorder that affects a person's mood, thinking and behavior. Symptoms of depression include low mood, lack of interest, loss of enjoyment, decreased self-esteem, cognitive impairment, and slowed activity.

- Knowledge: Elisabeth was diagnosed as moderately depressed with a depression tendency of 70%; Caroline was diagnosed with a depression tendency from 5% to 30%.

- Wisdom: In this case, we should seek professional help as soon as possible to help these people.

- purpose: You may want to learn more about depression or how to help the person.

 

The psychological advice for Alex, Elisabeth, Lee and Caroline is as follows:

● Alex: It is suggested that he seek the help of a professional psychologist and try to improve his mood swings and guilt through cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

● Elisabeth: It is recommended that she seek the help of a professional psychologist and try to improve her mood through medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

● Lee: It is recommended that he seek the help of a professional psychologist and try to improve his occasional feeling of loneliness through cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

● Caroline: It is suggested that he seek the help of a professional psychologist, and try to improve his less and less talkativeness through drug therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Recently, he is afraid to face his partners in extracurricular activities.

 

To assess Alex's probability of depression, we can use an analogy. First, we need to quantify the symptoms of Alex, Elisabeth, and Caroline. Here we assume that the number and severity of symptoms can be quantified.

The quantization process is as follows:

● Alex: Guilt and self-blame, big mood swings, often feeling down (3 symptoms);

● Elisabeth: guilt and shame, emotional hopelessness (2 symptoms), known depression tendency is 70%;

● Caroline: Quiet, avoids extracurricular partners, does not participate in favorite football activities, clothes are getting darker, often dirty (5 symptoms), known depressive tendencies have progressed from 5% to 30%.

Next, we can estimate Alex's probability of depression by calculating the ratio of symptoms to depression tendency. Assuming a linear relationship between symptoms and tendency to depression, we can get the following formalization:

Elisabeth: 2 symptoms / 70% = k Caroline: 5 symptoms / 30% = k

Solving the above system of equations, we can get the value of k. Assuming k has close values ​​in both equations, then:

k ≈ (2 / 0.7 + 5 / 0.3) / 2 ≈ 4.52

We can then use the k value to calculate Alex's probability of being depressed:

Alex: 3 symptoms / k ≈ 3 / 4.52 ≈ 66.4%

Therefore, according to the formal expression process, we estimate that Alex's probability of depression is 66.4%. Note that this estimate is based on our assumptions and the data presented, and the actual probability of depression may be influenced by other factors.

If Alex is diagnosed as severe depression with reference to other medical indicators, the following data and information collection errors may exist:

3. The description of symptoms may not be comprehensive enough, and some important symptoms were not recorded;

4. There may be subjective judgment bias on the severity of symptoms;

5. When calculating depression tendency, other factors related to depression may be ignored, such as physiological indicators, family background, psychological problems, etc.;

6. The calculation method of depression probability may be oversimplified, and in fact the relationship between depressive symptoms and depressive tendency may be more complicated.

 

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

Alex often feels guilty and self-blame, has great mood swings, and sometimes feels depressed and lonely. This suggests that Alex may be in a state of depression to some degree.

Both Elisabeth and Caroline suffer from depressive symptoms to varying degrees. Elisabeth was diagnosed as moderately depressed with a 70% depression tendency, and Caroline's depression tendency went from 5% to 30%. This suggests that both Elisabeth and Caroline may be suffering from depression.

Alex was reluctant to reveal his emotional state and did not reach out for help. This suggests that Alex may be reluctant to accept that he may be depressed, or that he may not know how to seek help.

Things got worse for Elisabeth, and she became less and less willing to communicate with people, or even look directly at her partner. Caroline's condition has also deteriorated, and she has become reluctant to participate in extracurricular activities and has begun to distance herself from her favorite football activity. This indicates that their depressive symptoms are gradually increasing.

Based on the above information, we can conclude the following information:

6. Alex's tendency to depression may be higher than the other three.

7. Elisabeth has the highest tendency towards depression and Caroline has increasing tendency towards depression.

8. Alex's emotional state can be somewhat volatile and requires attention and guidance.

If Alex's depressive symptoms were referenced to other medical indicators, and if the data and information indicators were found to be wrong, then those errors could affect our assessment of his depressive tendencies. When determining Alex's tendency to depression, we should combine his actual situation and use reliable data and information indicators as much as possible.

"One word from the heart" answer

 

Alex's depression probability calculation process:

According to Elisabeth, she may suffer from moderate depression and depression tendency 70%. According to Caroline's situation, she may suffer from depression tendency from 5% to 30%. According to the situation of the two people, it is assumed that Alex's depression probability is, then there are:

6. , indicating that Alex has no depressive symptoms.

7. , indicating that Alex has mild depressive symptoms.

8. , indicating that Alex suffers from moderate depressive symptoms. Therefore, if Alex is diagnosed with severe depression by reference to other medical indicators, his probability of depression may be.

If Alex is diagnosed as having severe depression with reference to other medical indicators, his data and information indicators may have been collected incorrectly, so it is necessary to re-collect data and information indicators to calculate his depression probability.

 

 

3.4 Quantitative Analysis in Psychology

 

Prompt:

 

Alex's data 11: 70% information 11: sorry information 12: depression information 13: loneliness diagnosis result: moderate depression Max's data 11: 5%-30% information 11: not talkative information 12: not participating in activities information 13 :? Diagnosis: Tendency to depression

Generate a table based on the above data.

According to the above table, deduce the specific description of Alex's information 3, and give the detailed process

GPT-4 answers:

 

 

Namedatamessage 1message 2message 3depression tendencydiagnostic resultAlex11: 70%Excuse meDepressionLonely70%moderate depressionMax11: 5%-30%not talkativedo not participate in activities?5% - 30%depression tendency

 

Please note that I found that when you described Max's information, you did not provide the specific content of Information 13. In the form, I use a question mark (?) to indicate missing information. If you have more information about Max please provide it to me and I will update the form.

According to the data provided in the table, we can try to guess the information of Max through reasoning and analogy. Here we will use Alex's data as a reference.

It can be seen from the table that both Alex and Max have a certain degree of depression tendency. However, Alex has a high propensity for depression and has been diagnosed as moderately depressed. On this basis, we can observe the symptoms they have in common as well as the symptoms unique to each.

We know that Alex's messages include: embarrassment, depression and loneliness. At the same time, Max's known information includes: not talking, not participating in activities. We can try to analyze from the following aspects to guess Max's information3:

6. Social: Since Max is quiet and doesn't participate in activities, he may have trouble socially. We can guess that his message 3 may be related to social anxiety, refusal to participate in group activities, or tension in interpersonal relationships.

7. Emotional aspects: Alex's low mood and loneliness may be related to his moderate depressive symptoms. Therefore, we can guess that Max's message 3 may be related to some degree of emotional instability, irritability or anxiety.

8. Behavior: Since Max is quiet and does not participate in activities, he may have changed in behavior. Message 3 may relate to changes in daily behavior, such as lack of sleep, changes in appetite, or a decrease in hobbies.

It should be noted that the inferences and guesses here are based on the limited information provided in the table. In fact, Max's message 3 may be completely different from what we speculate. In order to obtain more accurate conclusions, It is recommended to collect more details about Max.

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

The following is the detailed process deduced from Alex's information 2 and information 3:

1. Depressed mood: Alex may be struggling with his emotional state, feeling depressed and low about his emotional state.

2. Silent: Alex is reluctant to reveal his emotional state, or even look directly at his partner. This may be because he is reluctant to let others know that his emotional state is not good, or because he does not know how to express his emotional state.

3. Not participating in activities: Alex was reluctant to participate in extracurricular activities and began to distance himself from his favorite football activities. This may be because he is unwilling to expose himself to negative emotional states, or because he feels that these activities do not help him improve his emotional states.

4. Depression tendency: Alex's emotional state may have been relatively low, which needs attention and treatment.

To sum up, through reasoning and information gathering, we can better understand Alex's emotional state and take corresponding measures to improve his emotional state.

"One word from the heart" answer

 

Alex's message 3 might be described as "quiet" or "not active".

According to the information in the table, Alex's data 11:70% contains "embarrassed" and "depressed", which means that he may feel embarrassed or depressed. Since 5% to 30% of his data contain "not talkative" and "not participating in activities", these two pieces of information may also be specific descriptions of his information 3.

In this case, we can use logical reasoning to deduce the specific description of Alex information 3. Since his data 11:70% contains "sorry", he may feel embarrassed. Since 5% to 30% of his stats contain "Ambiguous", he may not be talkative or active. Since 5% to 30% of his data contains "no activity", it is possible that he does not participate in the activity.

Therefore, Alex's message 3 may be "not talkative" or "do not participate in activities".

 

 

3.5 DIKWP Analysis of Personnel Management

 

Prompt:

 

Both Alex and John are job seekers related to the computer industry. Alex is a fresh graduate, and John is a practitioner with 3 years of work experience.

A company sends out the following recruitment information:

1. Recruit computer software engineers with 1-3 years of relevant working experience. Excellent fresh graduates can also submit their resumes.

2. Need to bear hardships and stand hard work, have the enthusiasm for pursuing technology and a good sense of responsibility, and have relatively good learning ability and ability to adapt to changes.

3. Able to work overtime occasionally.

4. Understand Java, C++ or other programming languages, have good programming skills and document reading and writing skills.

5. Have certain English reading ability.

In addition to the basic information, Alex’s resume emphasized that he had half a year’s internship experience. He was also cheerful and easy-going and could get along well with others. He had received a scholarship in school, had excellent grades, excellent English reading skills, and was able to adapt to the requirements of frequent overtime. But there is no background in related programming.

In addition to basic information, John's resume has 3 years of work experience, is familiar with the Java language, and has participated in many development projects. But he emphasized on his resume that he has a calm personality, and although he is not good at communication, he has a sense of responsibility.

If I were HR, which one should I choose as a company employee? Can you make a detailed comparison from the data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level, and purpose level?

GPT-4 answers:

As HR, when evaluating these two job applicants, we can make a detailed comparison from the data level, information level, knowledge level, wisdom level, and purpose level. The following is a comparison of each level:

Data level:

● Alex: Fresh graduates, half a year of internship experience, excellent English reading ability, able to adapt to overtime, no programming skills.

● John: 3 years of work experience, familiar with Java language, participated in many development projects, calm, not sociable, full of responsibility.

Information level:

● Alex: With a good academic background, strong adaptability and teamwork ability, but lack of programming foundation.

● John: Has practical work experience and strong technical ability, but may have limitations in team communication.

Knowledge level:

● Alex: I have advantages in English reading, adapting to overtime, etc., but lack in technical knowledge.

● John: He has a wealth of industry knowledge and skills, understands Java, and has participated in many projects, but needs to be improved in communication.

Intelligence level:

● Alex: I can bring new vitality and ideas to the company in terms of academics and teamwork, but it takes time and resources to train skills.

● John: I already have certain experience and skills, and I can immediately put into work and create value for the company, but it may require some effort in teamwork.

purpose level:

● Alex: The purpose is to learn and grow. I hope to give full play to my advantages in the company, but I need the company to provide skills training.

● John: The purpose is to make full use of my skills and experience to create value for the company, but I need to make improvements in communication and collaboration.

Comprehensive analysis of the comparison of the above five levels, the two job seekers have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the position of recruiting software engineers, technical ability and practical experience are more critical. Therefore, from this perspective, John may be more suitable for the job requirements. However, Alex's potential and ability to work as a team is also worth noting if the company is willing to invest the time and resources in skills development.The final decision depends on the company's trade-offs in terms of skills, experience and teamwork.

 

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

If I were HR, I would choose Alex as a company employee. First of all, Alex's resume shows that he has 1-3 years of relevant working experience, which is a very important plus item in the job market. At the same time, he has half a year of internship experience, and he has a relatively easy-going personality and can get along well with the team. These are all qualities that can bring value to the company.

In terms of knowledge and skills, Alex has basic programming knowledge and ability, and can also read and write documents, which allows him to better adapt to the company's development and document writing work. In terms of work, he can adapt to overtime, which is also an important plus.

At the level of purpose, Alex expressed his hope to improve his skills through learning and growth, and to have a certain ability to learn and adapt. This shows that he has good potential to bring long-term value to the company.

From the perspective of data and information, there is not much difference between Alex and John's resume performance, so these two factors are not very important for HR.

From the perspective of intelligence, Alex has good adaptability and communication skills, which are qualities that can help him better integrate into the team. John is relatively superior in terms of intelligence, and his calmness and sense of responsibility allow him to play a greater role in the company.

Therefore, I think Alex is more suitable for the company's requirements. He can bring certain value to the company and has certain potential and room for growth. Of course, during the interview, I will focus on examining Alex's programming ability, problem-solving ability and teamwork ability.

"One word from the heart" answer

 

Data level: John has more data than Alex. John has 3 years of work experience and relevant internship experience, while Alex is just a fresh graduate.

Information level: Alex’s resume emphasizes that he has half a year’s internship experience. He is cheerful and easy-going and can get along well with others. Basic knowledge of related programming. John's resume emphasized that he has a calm personality, a sense of responsibility, and is not good at communication, but has a sense of responsibility.

Knowledge level: Alex's resume only mentioned programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, while John's resume mentioned proficiency in Java language and participation experience in multiple development projects, so John's knowledge level is richer.

Wisdom level: Alex and John performed well in the interview and were able to answer questions about programming languages, but John also mentioned his sense of responsibility in his resume, so John may be more suitable for the company's work.

purpose level: It is impossible to infer from the data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level, and purpose level which HR will choose as a company employee, because these data and information only show the advantages and characteristics of candidates, and the real decision-maker may More factors will be considered, such as the candidate's professionalism, work attitude, work ability, personal values, etc.

 

Prompt:

 

If the company is a startup, the business is growing rapidly. The last interviewer for the company interviewed both men and was satisfied with their interview performance. However, the interviewer, considering the future development, hopes that people with mature and stable personalities and great development potential will come to the company, and at the same time hope to train employees to take over new projects. How should I make a decision in the end?

GPT-4 answers:

In this case, as HR, we need to take into account the actual needs of the company and the expectations of the interviewer. Since the interviewer is satisfied with the interview performance of the two job applicants, we need to weigh their performance in terms of maturity and development potential.

For startups, a stable team and the potential for employee development are crucial. Here we can again compare the pros and cons of Alex and John:

Alex:

● Advantages: cheerful and easy-going personality, strong teamwork ability, excellent academic background, strong English reading ability, adaptable to overtime work.

● Cons: Lack of programming foundation, requires time and resources for skills training.

John:

● Advantages: calm personality, 3 years of work experience, familiar with Java language, participated in many development projects, full of responsibility.

● Cons: Not sociable, may need to work on improving team communication skills.

Judging from the above comparison, John has a more mature and stable personality and rich work experience, while Alex has greater development potential. Given that the company wants to train employees to take on new projects, the following two decision options can be considered:

1. If the company is willing to invest time and resources in skills training, then you can choose Alex. His teamwork skills and potential may be a better fit for fast-growing startups. Through skills training and practice, Alex may catch up in a short period of time and create value for the company.

2. If the company wants to have an employee ready to work immediately, then you can choose John. His work experience and skills allow him to take on new projects immediately. At the same time, the company can encourage and assist John to improve his team communication skills so that he can better integrate into the team.

In summary, the decision depends on the company's trade-offs between skills training and teamwork. No matter which candidates are selected, companies need to provide them with support and training to help them better integrate into the company culture and complete new projects.

 

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

If the company is a start-up and the business is growing rapidly, the interviewer's thinking is very reasonable. In this case, the company needs experienced, mature and stable employees to stabilize the company's business development, and also needs employees with great development potential to help the company grow.

So, in this case, both Alex and John have their strengths and weaknesses. If I were HR, I might choose Alex, because he has shown certain adaptability and potential during the half-year internship experience, and his performance in the data level and information level also meets the company's requirements. In addition, Alex's communication skills and teamwork skills are also qualities that the company needs.

Of course, HR should also take future development into consideration. For Alex, if he can show stronger creativity and adaptability, then he can be an important force in the future of the company. For John, if he can further strengthen his programming ability and project management ability, then he can also become an important force in the company's future.

In general, HR needs to comprehensively consider the skills, experience, potential and style of the candidates, and choose the most suitable employees for the company's needs. At the same time, HR should also find a balance between the growth of employees and the development of the company, and create common growth opportunities for the company and employees.

"One word from the heart" answer

 

This is a decision that requires careful consideration, as it will affect the future development of the entire team. Here are some suggestions to help you make the best decision:

1. Evaluate Candidate Skills and Experience: You will need to assess candidates' skills and experience to ensure they are qualified to work on new projects. You can ask candidates about previous projects they have worked on and how they have solved problems and adapted to change. This can help you understand a candidate's skill level and experience.

2. Consider the Candidate's Personality Traits: If you want mature and stable personality traits in your team members, then you can consider whether the candidate has those traits. You can learn about a candidate's personality and make sure they are open to new challenges and responsibilities.

3. Understand the candidate's personal development plan: You need to understand the candidate's personal development plan to determine whether they have enough development potential to take on new projects. You might consider a candidate if they plan to continue learning and developing over the next few years.

4. Determine the candidate's salary requirements: If the candidate's salary requirements do not match the company's salary structure, then you may need to reconsider your decision. You can ask candidates about their salary requirements to make sure their salary requirements match the company's salary structure.

5. Carefully consider other factors: In addition to skills and experience, personality traits, personal development plans and salary requirements, you also need to consider other factors, such as the candidate's work attitude, teamwork ability, leadership ability, etc. You need to take these factors into consideration and make the best decision.

In the end, you should weigh the candidate's skills and experience, personality traits, personal development plans, and salary requirements against your decision and make the best decision.

 

 

Prompt:

 

Give the purpose map of the above data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level, and purpose level

 

GPT-4 answers:

Due to the limitation of text description, I can't directly draw the purpose map. However, I can give you a list of hierarchy based on data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level, purpose level. You can use this list to create a visual purpose map.

1. data level

○ Alex

■ Graduates

■ Half-year internship experience

■ Excellent English reading ability

■ Can adapt to overtime

■ No programming skills

○ John

■ 3 years work experience

■ Familiar with the Java language

■ Participated in several development projects

■ steady

■ unsociable

■ responsible

2. information level

○ Alex

■ Excellent academic background

■ Adaptable

■ Strong teamwork ability

■ lack of programming foundation

○ John

■ Practical work experience

■ Strong technical ability

■ Team communication skills need to be improved

3. knowledge level

○ Alex

■ Excellent English reading ability

■ lack of technical knowledge

○ John

■ Rich industry knowledge and skills

■ Learn about the Java programming language

■ Participated in many projects

■ Communication needs to be improved

4. Intelligence level

○ Alex

■ new vitality and creativity

■ Requires time and resources to train skills

○ John

■ get to work right away

■ Create value for the company

■ Need to work hard to improve teamwork

5. purpose level

○ Alex

■ learn and grow

■ Advantage

■ The company needs to provide skills training

○ John

■ Make the most of your skills and experience

■ Create value for the company

■ Improve communication and collaboration

Based on the above hierarchy list, you can create a visual purpose map to better compare the strengths and weaknesses of Alex and John at different levels. This will help you make more informed and informed decisions.

 

"Thousands of Common Meaning Questions" Answers

 

According to the actual performance of Alex and John and the needs of the company, I will give the following method of constructing the purpose map:

Refer to the company's existing purpose map: First, according to the company's purpose map framework, the performance of employees can be summarized and summarized, and then the goals and requirements of each level can be determined. This method is more conservative, but easier to control.

According to the actual performance of employees: Then, the goals and requirements of each level can be determined according to the actual performance of employees. This method can better reflect the actual ability and quality of employees. When determining level objectives and requirements, the KSA (knowledge/skill, ability, quality) model can be used to determine specific requirements according to the specific capabilities and qualities of employees.

Communicate and discuss with employees: Communicate and discuss with employees to understand their abilities and interests, and then determine the goals and requirements of each level. This approach better meets employee needs and expectations. When determining the goals and requirements of the level, it can be determined in combination with the personal wishes of employees and the development needs of the company.

Evaluation by professionals: If you need to determine the goals and requirements of each level more accurately, you can ask professionals (such as career planners, human resources experts, etc.) to evaluate the performance of employees, and then determine the goals and requirements of each level.

In short, no matter which method is used, it is necessary to pay attention to the clarity of goals and requirements, as well as the measurability and achievability of goals and requirements.

 

"One word from the heart" answer

 

In the questions above, structured thinking can be used to build an purpose map. Specifically, the following steps can be followed:

1. Determine the data level: In the above example, the basic information of Alex and John (such as age, gender, education, work experience, etc.) can be used as the data level.

2. Identify levels of information: In the example above, Alex and John’s resumes and interview performances can be used as levels of information to better understand their backgrounds and skills.

3. Determine the knowledge level: In the above example, John's work experience and skills can be used as the knowledge level to understand his working experience and skills in the computer industry.

4. Determining the intelligence level: In the above example, John's personality traits and personal development plan can be used as the intelligence level to understand whether he is suitable for the company's culture and working atmosphere.

5. Determine the purpose level: In the above example, HR's decision-making needs can be used as the purpose level to understand HR's decision-making goals and priorities. By combining the data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level, it is possible to understand the situation of Alex and John more comprehensively and help HR to make more reasonable decisions.

 

 

4. Discussion and conclusion of experimental evaluation

From the above experiments on the three models, we can clearly see that GPT-4 can better understand and analyze the proposed requirements in most cases. Only GPT-4 clearly understands the meaning of each layer of DIKWP and extracts the corresponding text from each instance, and only has the ability to draw tables. "Tongyi Qianwen" basically cannot understand the definition of DIKWP, while "ERNIE Bot" is in between and can still explain the meaning of DIKWP in some cases more effectively. Compared with the other two, GPT-4 can make suggestions in different situations like an expert system. Generally speaking, GPT-4 is still the most mature large language model, while there is still a necessary development for other models.

 

Reference

[1] Bubeck, Sébastien, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee et al. "Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.12712 (2023).

[2] Li, Yingbo, Yucong Duan, Zakaria Maamar, Haoyang Che, Anamaria-Beatrice Spulber, and Stelios Fuentes. "Swarm differential privacy for purpose-driven data-information-knowledge-wisdom architecture." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (2021): 1-15.

[3] Mei, Yingtian, Yucong Duan, Liang Chen, Zaiwen Feng, Lei Yu, and Zhendong Guo. "Purpose Driven Disputation Modeling, Analysis and Resolution Based on DIKWP Graphs." In2022 IEEE 24th Int Conf on High Performance Computing & Communications; 8th Int Conf on Data Science & Systems; 20th Int Conf on Smart City; 8th Int Conf on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud & Big Data Systems & Application (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys), pp. 2118-2125. IEEE, 2022.

[4] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “The Wisdom of Artificial General Intelligence: Experiments with GPT-4 for DIKWP”, arXiv preprint (2023)

[5] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, "The Evaluation of Experiments of Artificial General Intelligence with GPT-4 Based on DIKWP“, arXiv preprint (2023)

[6] Chengxiang Ren, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, "Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for ERNIE Bot", arXiv preprint (2023)

[7] Yingtian Mei, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for QianWen”, arXiv preprint (2023)

 

 

 

 

 

基于DIKWP的通用人工智能测评(系列之四)

 

The Performance Comparison of Artificial General Intelligence models on DIKWP

 

Yingbo Li                       Yucong Duan*

 xslwen@outlook.com   duanyucong@hotmail.com 

Hainan University

 

1. 摘要

通用人工智能(AGI)和生成式预训练Transformer(GPT)等技术在近年来取得了显著进展,但如何有效地评价它们的智能水平和能力范围仍然是一个挑战。本研究旨在构建一个客观有效和统一的AGI/GPT评价测试体系,并对目前最先进的三种AGI模型GPT-4, “文心一言”和“通义千问”的表现进行横向比较。本研究基于数据、信息、知识、智慧和智能(DIKWP)模型,设计了一套评价测试指标体系,并通过实验数据和专家评分对三种AGI模型进行量化和定性分析。本研究为AGI/GPT评价测试提供了一个新的视角和方法,并为未来AGI/GPT模型的改进和发展提供了有益参考。

 

Keywords: GPT-4, DIKWP, AGI, Evaluation, LLM

2. 简介

近年来,生成式人工智能(GAI)和通用人工智能(AGI)[1]等技术在文本处理、机器翻译、图片处理等领域取得了显著进展,极大地提高了人类对于各类数字资源的意图理解能力。然而,如何有效地评价这些技术的智能水平和能力范围仍然是一个挑战。目前的AGI/GPT评价测试方法大多基于主观认知经验,缺乏一个客观有效和统一的评价体系和评测标准。本研究旨在构建一个基于数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图(DIKWP)模型的AGI/GPT评价测试体系,并对目前最先进的三种AGI/GPT模型GPT-4[2][3][4][5], “文心一言”[6]和“通义千问”[7]的表现进行横向比较。DIKWP模型是一个描述数字资源从数据到意图之间转换过程的模型,它将数字资源映射到五个层次,并定义了每个层次上数字资源所具有的特征和功能。本研究基于DIKWP模型对三种AGI/GPT模型进行量化和定性分析。本研究为AGI/GPT评价测试提供了一个新的视角和方法,并为未来AGI/GPT模型的改进和发展提供了有益参考。

3. 多种模型的DIKWP推理能力评估

3.1 健康问题的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

1.17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病 2.Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。

3.Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降

4.Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。

5.前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病.

6.Tom想要去医院。

请分析出上面描述中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图,并以表格的方式输出。然后,分别构建出数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱,并给出详细过程。

绘制上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层与意图层之间的关系。

GPT-4回答:

 

这是一个关于肥胖病的案例,其中包含了数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图。下面是我根据您提供的描述所构建的表格和图谱

数据信息知识智慧意图17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。Tom想要去医院。

图谱如下:

其中,数据层包括17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。信息层包括Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。知识层包括前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。智慧层包括了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。意图层包括Tom想要去医院。

 

下面是我为您绘制的关系图谱:

其中,数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层和意图层之间的关系如下:

● 数据层和信息层之间的关系:17岁青少年如果体重超过180斤就会有患上心脏病的风险将其称为肥胖病;Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼,最近饭量有所下降;Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻。

● 信息层和知识层之间的关系:前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。

● 知识层和智慧层之间的关系:了解到Tom的情况,可以分析出他可能面临的健康问题以及如何为其提供帮助。

● 智慧层和意图层之间的关系:Tom想要去医院。

“通义千问”回答

 

 

信息来源主题子主题层级意图Tom是17岁,体重为185斤。体重超过180斤会增加患上心脏病的风险第一级预防心脏病 Tom时常为自己的体重而烦恼。饮食不规律第二级改善饮食习惯 Tom在电视上看到了肥胖病的新闻了解肥胖病的危害第二级关注健康信息 前两天,Tom收到了一张减肥培训班的传单,上面明确表示报班需要自身没有肥胖病。对肥胖病的关注第三级参加健康活动 Tom想要去医院。就医第三级咨询健康问题 

 

“文心一言”回答

 

 

数据层信息层知识层智慧层意图层数据17岁青少年体 重超过180斤有患 上心脏病的风险肥胖病患上心脏病Tom体重为185斤时常为自 己的体重而烦恼饭量 有所下降为自己 的体重而烦恼Tom看到了 肥胖病的新闻前两天收到了减 肥培训班的传单没 有肥胖病报班需要自 身没有肥胖病Tom想要去医院想要减肥有意 图去减肥去医院

 

 

3.2 健康问题推理与建议

 

Prompt:

 

Tom很可能或者已经得了什么病,依据是什么?

Tom应该采取什么样的行动保护自己的健康?

绘制出以上行动的示意图。

GPT-4回答:

 

Tom的体重超标可能会导致他患上多种疾病,如心血管疾病(主要是心脏病和中风)、糖尿病、肌肉骨骼疾患(特别是骨关节炎——关节的一种高度致残退行性疾病)和某些癌症(包括子宫内膜、乳腺、卵巢、前列腺、肝脏、胆囊、肾脏和结肠)。因此,Tom需要注意自己的健康,及时采取措施减轻体重,以降低患上这些疾病的风险。

 

Tom可以通过一些简单的方法来减肥,例如:控制饮食,减少高热量食物的摄入,多吃蔬菜水果等低热量食物,同时可以尝试一些运动,例如:散步、慢跑、跑步、骑自行车、游泳、力量训练、无氧间歇训练、瑜伽和普拉提等。这些方法都是比较健康的减肥方法,可以帮助Tom保护自己的健康。

 

以下是几种常见的减肥方法示意图,希望对你有所帮助:

1. 快走/步行/走路。这是减肥的最佳方法之一,因为对于初学者来说,这是最方便又轻松的方法,如果你对健身一点儿都不懂,不会感到不知所措,更不用购买设备。不过,这是一种对减肥影响较小的运动,对关节的压力也较小。

2. 瑜伽。瑜伽可以帮助你放松身心,缓解压力,提高身体柔韧性和平衡性。瑜伽也可以帮助你塑造身材,减少脂肪和增加肌肉。

3. 游泳。游泳是一种全身运动,可以锻炼全身肌肉,消耗大量卡路里。游泳还可以帮助你放松身心,缓解压力。

4. 跑步。跑步是一种简单而有效的有氧运动,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能。跑步还可以帮助你塑造身材和增加肌肉。

5. 骑自行车。骑自行车是一种有氧运动,可以锻炼腿部肌肉和心肺功能。骑自行车还可以帮助你消耗大量卡路里。

6. 健身房锻炼。健身房锻炼可以帮助你增加肌肉和消耗脂肪。在健身房里,你可以使用各种器械进行训练,例如哑铃、杠铃、跑步机等等。

7. 跳绳。跳绳是一种简单而有效的有氧运动,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能。跳绳还可以帮助你塑造身材和增加肌肉。

8. 健走机/跑步机。健走机/跑步机是一种方便而有效的有氧运动器械,可以消耗大量卡路里并提高心肺功能

“通义千问”回答

 

根据上述结论,可以推测出Tom有可能得了心脏病或其他健康问题,因为其体重已经超过180斤。

基于以上信息,Tom可以采取以下行动来保护自己的健康:

减轻体重,尤其是在饮食方面要控制,多吃健康食品,减少油炸、糖分等高热量食物的摄入。

定期参加体检,尤其是心血管方面的检查,及时发现和预防疾病。

注意保持健康的生活习惯,包括充足的睡眠、适当的运动、不吸烟等。

保持良好的心态,减轻压力,避免过度紧张和焦虑。

定期咨询医生,尤其是在出现相关症状时,及时治疗和控制。

“文心一言”回答

 

Tom可能得了什么病或者已经患病,原因可能包括:

超重或肥胖:Tom的体重超过了健康的范围,可能已经患上了肥胖病。

饮食不均衡:Tom可能饮食不均衡,缺乏足够的营养素,从而导致健康问题。

缺乏锻炼:Tom可能缺乏锻炼,导致身体素质下降,增加患病的风险。

Tom可以采取以下行动保护自己的健康:

减轻体重:Tom可以通过控制饮食、增加锻炼等方式减轻体重,保持健康的体重。

改善饮食习惯:Tom可以调整自己的饮食习惯,多吃蔬菜水果、蛋白质丰富的食物,避免高热量、高脂肪的食物。

增加运动量:Tom可以加强锻炼,增加身体的代谢水平,提高身体的免疫力。

 

 

 

3.3 心理学的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

1. Alex时常为自己的言行感到内疚自责,情绪波动大,经常感觉低落。

2. Elisabeth经常为自己的言行感到内疚羞愧,情绪整体感觉绝望。

3. Lee偶尔为自己的言行感到不好意思,并且情绪偶尔感觉孤独。

4. Caroline越来越不爱说话,最近连课外活动都不敢正视伙伴了。并且有人喊他参加以前喜欢的足球活动都不参加了,穿的衣服色彩也开始变的越来越暗淡,经常脏兮兮的。

 

如果Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%, Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

请根据上述内容,总结出数据、信息、知识、智慧、意图,并分别构建出图谱,并给出详细过程。

 

请根据上面的描述结合Elisabeth、Caroline的情况及诊断结果,对Alex进行抑郁概率进行评估并给出形式化表达过程?

如果Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么他的那些数据和信息指标可能有采集错误?

GPT-4回答:

 

根据你的描述,Alex、Elisabeth、Lee和Caroline都有不同程度的抑郁症状。抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍,它会影响一个人的情绪、思维和行为¹。抑郁症的症状包括心境低落、兴趣缺乏、乐趣丧失、自我评价降低、认知能力损害、活动迟缓等。根据你的描述,Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%;Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

 

关于数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图,我可以给出以下解释:

- 数据:Alex、Elisabeth、Lee和Caroline的个人信息和抑郁症状。

- 信息:抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍,它会影响一个人的情绪、思维和行为。抑郁症的症状包括心境低落、兴趣缺乏、乐趣丧失、自我评价降低、认知能力损害、活动迟缓等。

- 知识:Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向70%;Caroline被诊断为抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

- 智慧:在这种情况下,我们应该尽快寻求专业帮助来帮助这些人。

- 意图:你可能想了解有关抑郁症的更多信息或如何帮助这些人。

 

对于Alex, Elisabeth, Lee和Caroline的心理学建议如下:

● Alex:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他的情绪波动和内疚自责。

● Elisabeth:建议她寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过药物治疗和认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善她的情绪整体感觉绝望。

● Lee:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他偶尔感觉孤独的情况。

● Caroline:建议他寻求专业心理医生的帮助,并尝试通过药物治疗和认知行为治疗(CBT)来改善他越来越不爱说话,最近连课外活动都不敢正视伙伴了等情况。

 

为了评估Alex的抑郁概率,我们可以使用类比的方法。首先,我们需要将Alex、Elisabeth和Caroline的症状进行量化。这里我们假设症状的数量和严重程度可以作为量化的依据。

量化过程如下:

1. Alex:内疚自责、情绪波动大、经常感觉低落(3个症状);

2. Elisabeth:内疚羞愧、情绪绝望(2个症状),已知抑郁倾向为70%;

3. Caroline:不爱说话、避开课外活动伙伴、不参加喜欢的足球活动、衣服颜色越来越暗淡、经常脏兮兮(5个症状),已知抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。

接下来,我们可以通过计算症状与抑郁倾向的比例来估算Alex的抑郁概率。假设症状与抑郁倾向之间存在线性关系,我们可以得到以下形式化表达:

Elisabeth: 2个症状 / 70% = k Caroline: 5个症状 / 30% = k

解上面的方程组,我们可以得到k的值。假设k在两个方程中的值接近,则:

k ≈ (2 / 0.7 + 5 / 0.3) / 2 ≈ 4.52

然后,我们可以使用k值来计算Alex的抑郁概率:

Alex:3个症状 / k ≈ 3 / 4.52 ≈ 66.4%

因此,根据形式化表达过程,我们估计Alex的抑郁概率为66.4%。请注意,这个估计是基于我们的假设和所给数据,实际抑郁概率可能会受到其他因素的影响。

如果Alex被参考了其他医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么可能存在以下数据和信息采集错误:

1. 症状的描述可能不够全面,有些重要的症状没有被记录;

2. 对症状的严重程度可能存在主观判断偏差;

3. 在计算抑郁倾向时,可能忽略了与抑郁相关的其他因素,如生理指标、家庭背景、心理问题等;

4. 抑郁概率的计算方法可能过于简化,实际上抑郁症状与抑郁倾向之间的关系可能更复杂。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

Alex时常感到内疚和自责,情绪波动较大,有时会感到沮丧和孤独。 这表明Alex可能处于一定程度的抑郁状态。

Elisabeth和 Caroline 都患有不同程度的抑郁症状。 Elisabeth被诊断为中度抑郁,抑郁倾向为70%, Caroline的抑郁倾向从5%发展到了30%。 这表明Elisabeth和 Caroline都有可能患有抑郁症。

Alex不太愿意表露自己的情感状态,也没有主动寻求帮助。 这表明Alex可能不太愿意接受自己可能患有抑郁症的事实,也可能是不知道如何寻求帮助。

Elisabeth的情况逐渐变得更加糟糕,她越来越不愿意与人交流,甚至不敢直视自己的伙伴。 Caroline的情况也有所恶化,她开始不愿意参加课外活动,并且开始远离自己喜欢的足球活动。这表明她们的抑郁症状正在逐渐加剧。

基于以上信息,我们可以总结出以下信息:

1. Alex的抑郁倾向可能高于其他三人。

2. Elisabeth的抑郁倾向最高, Caroline的抑郁倾向在不断加剧。

3. Alex的情感状态可能有些不稳定,需要关注和引导。

如果Alex的抑郁症状被参考了其它医学指标,并且数据和信息指标被确认为错误的,那么这些错误可能会影响我们对他抑郁倾向的评估。在确定Alex的抑郁倾向时,应该结合他的实际情况,并尽可能使用可靠的数据和信息指标。

“文心一言”回答

 

Alex的抑郁概率计算过程:

根据Elisabeth的情况,她可能患有中度抑郁和抑郁倾向70%。 根据Caroline的情况,她可能患有抑郁倾向从5%发展到30%。 根据两人的情况,假设Alex的抑郁概率为,则有:

• ,表示Alex没有抑郁症状。

• ,表示Alex有轻度抑郁症状。

• ,表示Alex患有中度抑郁症状。 因此,Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁的情况下,他的抑郁概率可能为

如果Alex被参考了其它医学指标进行知识诊断为重度抑郁,那么他的数据和信息指标可能有采集错误,因此需要重新采集数据和信息指标来计算他的抑郁概率。

 

 

3.4 心理学的量化分析

 

Prompt:

 

Alex的数据11:70% 信息11:不好意思 信息12:情绪低落 信息13:孤独 诊断结果:中度抑郁 Max的数据11:5%-30% 信息11:不爱说话 信息12:不参加活动 信息13:? 诊断结果:抑郁倾向

根据上面的数据生成表格。

根据上面的表格,推理出Alex的信息3的具体描述,给出详细的过程

GPT-4回答:

 

 

姓名数据信息1信息2信息3抑郁倾向诊断结果Alex11: 70%不好意思情绪低落孤独70%中度抑郁Max11: 5%-30%不爱说话不参加活动?5% - 30%抑郁倾向

 

请注意,我发现您在描述Max的信息时,并未提供信息13的具体内容。在表格中,我用问号(?)表示缺失的信息。如果您有更多关于Max的信息,请提供给我,我将更新表格。

 

根据表格中提供的数据,我们可以尝试通过推理和类比的方法来猜测Max的信息3。这里我们将使用Alex的数据作为参考。

从表格中可以看出,Alex和Max都存在一定程度的抑郁倾向。然而,Alex的抑郁倾向较高,已被诊断为中度抑郁。在此基础上,我们可以观察他们的共同症状以及各自独有的症状。

我们知道,Alex的信息包括:不好意思、情绪低落和孤独。与此同时,Max的已知信息包括:不爱说话、不参加活动。我们可以尝试从以下几个方面进行分析,以猜测Max的信息3:

1. 社交方面:既然Max不爱说话、不参加活动,那么他可能在社交方面遇到了困扰。我们可以猜测他的信息3可能与社交恐惧、拒绝参与集体活动或者对人际关系的紧张有关。

2. 情绪方面:Alex的情绪低落和孤独可能与他的中度抑郁症状有关。因此,我们可以猜测Max的信息3可能与某种程度的情绪不稳定、烦躁或者焦虑有关。

3. 行为方面:既然Max不爱说话、不参加活动,那么他在行为方面可能有所改变。信息3可能与日常行为的改变有关,例如睡眠不足、食欲改变或者兴趣爱好减少。

需要注意的是,这里的推理和猜测都是基于表格中提供的有限信息。实际上,Max的信息3可能与我们推测的内容完全不同。为了获得更准确的结论,我们建议收集更多关于Max的详细信息

“通义千问”回答

 

以下是根据Alex的信息2和信息3推理出的详细过程:

1. 情绪低落:Alex可能在和自己的情感状态做斗争,对于自己的情感状态感到沮丧和低落。

2. 不爱说话:Alex不太愿意表露自己的情感状态,甚至不敢直视自己的伙伴。这可能是因为他不愿意让别人知道他的情感状态不佳,或者是因为他不知道如何表达自己的情感状态。

3. 不参加活动:Alex不愿意参加课外活动,并且开始远离自己喜欢的足球活动。这可能是因为他不愿意让自己暴露在不良情感状态下,或者是因为他觉得这些活动无法帮助他提高情感状态。

4. 抑郁倾向:Alex的情感状态有可能已经比较低落,需要得到重视和治疗。

综上所述,通过推理和信息收集,我们可以更好地了解Alex的情感状态,并采取相应的措施来提高他的情感状态。

“文心一言”回答

 

Alex的信息3可能描述为“不爱说话”或“不参加活动”。

根据表格中的信息,Alex的数据11:70% 包含了“不好意思”和“情绪低落”,这意味着他可能感到不好意思或情绪低落。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不爱说话”和“不参加活动”,因此这两个信息也可能是他信息3的具体描述。

在这种情况下,我们可以使用逻辑推理来推断Alex信息3的具体描述。由于他的数据11:70% 包含了“不好意思”,因此他可能感到不好意思。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不爱说话”,因此他可能不爱说话或不参加活动。由于他的数据5%到30%包含了“不参加活动”,因此他可能不参加活动。

因此,Alex的信息3可能是“不爱说话”或“不参加活动”。

 

 

3.5 人事管理的DIKWP分析

 

Prompt:

 

Alex和John都是计算机行业相关的求职人员,Alex是应届毕业生,John是有3年工作经验的从业者。

某公司发出如下招聘信息:

1. 招收计算机软件工程师,1-3年相关从业经验,优秀应届毕业生也可以投递简历。

2. 需要吃苦耐劳,有追求技术的热情和良好的责任心,同时具有比较好的学习能力和变化适应的能力。

3. 偶尔能够适应加班。

4. 了解Java、C++或者其他编程语言,有良好的编程功底和文档阅读以及撰写能力。

5. 有一定的英文阅读能力。

Alex的简历除了基本信息外,强调了自己有过半年实习经历,性格上也开朗随和能和别人相处融洽,在学校拿过奖学金,成绩较为优秀,英语阅读能力优秀,能够适应经常加班的要求,但是没有相关编程的功底。

John的简历除了基本信息外,有3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目。但是他在简历上强调了自己性格沉稳,虽然不善于交际,但是富有责任心。

请问如果我是HR,应该选择哪个作为公司员工?能不能从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层上进行详细地对比?

GPT-4回答:

作为HR,在评估这两位求职者时,我们可以从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层进行详细地对比。以下是各个层次的对比:

数据层:

● Alex:应届毕业生,半年实习经历,优秀英语阅读能力,能适应加班,无编程功底。

● John:3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目,沉稳,不善交际,富有责任心。

信息层:

● Alex:具备良好的学术背景,较强的适应能力和团队合作能力,但缺乏编程基础。

● John:具有实际工作经验,技术能力较强,但在团队沟通方面可能存在局限。

知识层:

● Alex:在英语阅读、适应加班等方面有优势,但在技术知识方面不足。

● John:具备丰富的行业知识和技能,了解Java,参与过多个项目,但在沟通方面有待提高。

智慧层:

● Alex:能够在学术和团队协作方面为公司带来新的活力和创意,但需要花费时间和资源培训技能。

● John:已经具备一定的经验和技能,可以立即投入工作,为公司创造价值,但可能需要在团队协作方面作出努力。

意图层:

● Alex:意图在于学习和成长,希望在公司中发挥自己的优势,但需要公司提供技能培训。

● John:意图在于充分发挥自己的技能和经验,为公司创造价值,但需要在沟通和协作方面作出改进。

综合分析上述五个层次的对比,这两位求职者各有优缺点。在招聘软件工程师的岗位上,技术能力和实际经验更为关键。因此,从这个角度来看,John可能更符合岗位要求。但是,如果公司愿意投入时间和资源进行技能培训,Alex的潜力和团队协作能力也值得关注。最终决策取决于公司对于技能、经验和团队合作等方面的权衡

 

“通义千问”回答

 

如果我是HR,我会选择Alex作为公司员工。首先,Alex的简历表明他具有1-3年的相关从业经验,这是求职市场上很重要的一个加分项。同时,他有半年的实习经历,并且性格比较随和,能够与团队良好地相处,这些都是能够为公司带来价值的素质。

在知识和技能方面,Alex具有基本的编程知识和能力,同时还能够进行文档阅读和编写,这可以让他更好地适应公司的开发和文档撰写工作。在工作方面,他能够适应加班,这也是一个重要的加分项。

在意图层面,Alex表达了自己希望能够通过学习和成长来提升自己的技能,并且有一定的学习能力和适应能力。这表明他有很好的潜力,可以为公司带来长期的价值。

从数据层面和信息层面来看,Alex和John的简历表现没有太大的区别,所以这两个因素对于HR来说不是非常重要。

从智慧层面来看,Alex具有较好的适应能力和沟通能力,这些是能够帮助他在团队中更好地融入的素质。而John在智慧层面上相对更优秀,他的沉稳和责任心可以让他在公司中发挥更大的作用。

因此,我认为Alex更适合公司的要求,他能够为公司带来一定的价值,并且具有一定的潜力和成长空间。当然,在面试中我会重点考察Alex的编程能力、解决问题的能力和团队合作能力等方面。

“文心一言”回答

 

数据层:John的数据比Alex多,John有3年工作经验,有相关的实习经历,而Alex只是应届毕业生。

信息层:Alex的简历上强调了自己有过半年实习经历,性格上开朗随和能和别人相处融洽,在学校拿过奖学金,成绩较为优秀,英语阅读能力优秀,能够适应经常加班的要求,但是没有相关编程的功底。而John的简历上则强调了自己性格沉稳,富有责任心,不善于交际,但是富有责任心。

知识层:Alex的简历上只是提到了Java和C++等编程语言,而John的简历上则提到了Java语言的熟练掌握,以及多个开发项目的参与经历,因此John的知识层更加丰富。

智慧层:Alex和John在面试中的表现都比较优秀,都能够回答出关于编程语言的相关问题,但是John在简历上也提到了自己的责任心,因此John可能会更加适合公司的工作。

意图层:无法从数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层上推测出HR会选择哪个作为公司员工,因为这些数据和信息只是表明候选人的优势和特点,而真正的决策者可能会考虑更多的因素,例如候选人的职业素养、工作态度、工作能力、个人价值观等。

 

 

Prompt:

 

如果该公司是个创业公司,业务发展迅速。该公司的最后一个面试官面试了这两个人,对于他们面试表现都很满意。但是面试官他考虑到未来发展,希望性格成熟稳重,发展潜力巨大的人来到公司,同时希望培养员工接手新项目,我最后应该如何决策?

GPT-4回答:

在这种情况下,作为HR,我们需要考虑到公司的实际需求和面试官的期望。既然面试官对两位求职者的面试表现都很满意,我们需要权衡他们在性格成熟稳重和发展潜力上的表现。

对于创业公司来说,稳定的团队和员工发展潜力至关重要。在这里,我们可以再次比较Alex和John的优缺点:

Alex:

● 优点:性格开朗随和,团队合作能力强,学术背景优秀,英语阅读能力强,适应加班。

● 缺点:缺乏编程基础,需要时间和资源进行技能培训。

John:

● 优点:性格沉稳,3年工作经验,熟悉Java语言,参与过多个开发项目,富有责任心。

● 缺点:不善交际,可能需要努力提升团队沟通能力。

从上述比较来看,John具备较为成熟稳重的性格和丰富的工作经验,而Alex则具备较大的发展潜力。鉴于公司希望培养员工接手新项目,可以考虑以下两种决策方案:

1. 如果公司愿意投入时间和资源进行技能培训,那么可以选择Alex。他的团队合作能力和潜力可能更适合快速发展的创业公司。通过技能培训和实践,Alex可能在短时间内迎头赶上,为公司创造价值。

2. 如果公司希望立即拥有一名可以投入工作的员工,那么可以选择John。他的工作经验和技能可以让他立即接手新项目。同时,公司可以鼓励并协助John提升团队沟通能力,以便更好地融入团队。

综上,决策取决于公司对于技能培训和团队合作的权衡。无论选择哪位求职者,公司都需要为他们提供支持和培训,以帮助他们更好地融入公司文化和完成新项目。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

如果该公司是一家创业公司,业务发展迅速,那么面试官的想法是非常合理的。在这种情况下,公司需要有经验丰富、成熟稳重的员工来稳定公司的业务发展,同时也需要有发展潜力巨大的员工来帮助公司成长。

因此,在这种情况下,Alex和John都有各自的优点和不足。如果我是HR,我可能会选择Alex,因为他在半年的实习经历中表现出了一定的适应能力和潜力,并且在数据层和信息层方面的表现也符合公司的要求。此外,Alex的沟通能力和团队合作能力也是公司需要的素质。

当然,HR也应该考虑到未来的发展。对于Alex来说,如果他能够表现出更强的创造力和适应力,那么他可以成为公司未来的重要力量。对于John来说,如果他能够进一步加强编程能力和项目管理能力,那么他也可以成为公司未来的重要力量。

总的来说,HR需要综合考虑候选人的技能、经验、潜力和风格等方面,选择最适合公司需要的员工。同时,HR也应该在员工的成长和公司的发展之间找到平衡点,为公司和员工创造共同的成长机会。

“文心一言”回答

 

这是一个需要谨慎考虑的决策,因为它会影响整个团队的未来发展。以下是一些建议,可以帮助您做出最佳决策:

1. 评估候选人的技能和经验:您需要评估候选人的技能和经验,以确保他们能够胜任新项目的工作。您可以询问候选人以前从事过的项目,以及他们如何解决问题和适应变化的。这可以帮助您了解候选人的技能水平和经验。

2. 考虑候选人的性格特点:如果您希望团队成员拥有成熟稳重的性格特点,那么您可以考虑候选人是否具有这些特点。您可以了解候选人的性格,并确保他们愿意接受新的挑战和责任。

3. 了解候选人的个人发展计划:您需要了解候选人的个人发展计划,以确定他们是否有足够的发展潜力来接手新项目。如果候选人计划在未来几年内继续学习和发展,那么您可能会考虑他们。

4. 确定候选人的薪资要求:如果候选人的薪资要求与公司的薪资结构不匹配,那么您可能需要重新考虑您的决策。您可以询问候选人的薪资要求,以确保他们的薪资要求符合公司的薪资结构。

5. 仔细考虑其他因素:除了技能和经验、性格特点、个人发展计划和薪资要求,您还需要考虑其他因素,例如候选人的工作态度、团队合作能力、领导能力等。您需要综合考虑这些因素,并做出最佳决策。

最后,您应该根据您的决策权衡候选人的技能和经验、性格特点、个人发展计划和薪资要求,并做出最佳决策。

 

 

Prompt:

 

给出上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层的意向图

 

GPT-4回答:

由于文字描述的限制,我不能直接绘制意向图。但是,我可以为您提供一个基于数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层、意图层的层次结构列表。您可以使用这个列表来创建一个视觉化的意向图。

1. 数据层

○ Alex

■ 应届毕业生

■ 半年实习经历

■ 优秀英语阅读能力

■ 能适应加班

■ 无编程功底

○ John

■ 3年工作经验

■ 熟悉Java语言

■ 参与过多个开发项目

■ 沉稳

■ 不善交际

■ 富有责任心

2. 信息层

○ Alex

■ 学术背景优秀

■ 适应能力强

■ 团队合作能力强

■ 缺乏编程基础

○ John

■ 实际工作经验丰富

■ 技术能力较强

■ 团队沟通能力有待提高

3. 知识层

○ Alex

■ 优秀的英语阅读能力

■ 缺乏技术知识

○ John

■ 行业知识和技能丰富

■ 了解Java编程语言

■ 参与过多个项目

■ 沟通方面有待提高

4. 智慧层

○ Alex

■ 新的活力和创意

■ 需要时间和资源培训技能

○ John

■ 立即投入工作

■ 为公司创造价值

■ 需要努力提升团队协作能力

5. 意图层

○ Alex

■ 学习和成长

■ 发挥优势

■ 需要公司提供技能培训

○ John

■ 充分发挥技能和经验

■ 为公司创造价值

■ 改善沟通和协作能力

根据以上层次结构列表,您可以创建一个视觉化的意向图,以便更好地比较Alex和John在不同层面上的优缺点。这将有助于您做出更全面和明智的决策。

 

“通义千问”回答

 

根据Alex和John的实际表现和公司的需求,我会给出以下意向图的构建方法:

参考公司已有的意向图:首先,可以根据公司的意向图框架,对员工的表现进行归纳和总结,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法比较保守,但是比较容易控制。

根据员工的实际表现:然后,可以根据员工的实际表现,来确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法可以更好地反映员工的实际能力和素质。在确定层面目标和要求时,可以采用KSA(知识/技能、能力、素质)模型,根据员工的具体能力和素质来确定具体的要求。

与员工沟通和讨论:与员工进行沟通和讨论,了解他们的能力和兴趣,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。这种方法可以更好地满足员工的需求和期望。在确定层面目标和要求时,可以结合员工的个人愿望和公司的发展需要来确定。

通过专业人士的评估:如果需要更加准确地确定每个层面的目标和要求,可以请专业人士(如职业规划师、人力资源专家等)对员工的表现进行评估,然后确定每个层面的目标和要求。

总之,无论采用哪种方法,都需要注意目标和要求的清晰明确,以及目标和要求的可衡量性和可达成性。

 

“文心一言”回答

 

在上面的问题中,可以使用结构化思维来构建意向图。具体来说,可以按照以下步骤进行:

1. 确定数据层:在上面的例子中,可以将Alex和John的基本信息(如年龄、性别、学历、工作经验等)作为数据层。

2. 确定信息层:在上面的例子中,可以将Alex和John的简历和面试表现作为信息层,以便更好地了解他们的背景和技能。

3. 确定知识层:在上面的例子中,可以将John的工作经验和技能作为知识层,以便了解他在计算机行业的从业经验和技能。

4. 确定智慧层:在上面的例子中,可以将John的性格特点和个人发展计划作为智慧层,以便了解他是否适合公司的文化和工作氛围。

5. 确定意图层:在上面的例子中,可以将HR的决策需求作为意图层,以便了解HR的决策目标和优先级。 通过结合数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层和意图层,可以更加全面地了解Alex和John的情况,并帮助HR做出更加合理的决策。

 

 

4. 实验评估的讨论与结论

从如上对三种模型的实验中我们可以比较清晰的看出GPT-4在绝大多数情况下可以比较好的对所提出的要求理解并进行分析。只有GPT-4非常明确的理解了DIKWP的各层的含义并从各个实例中提取出对应的文字,而且只有具有绘制表格的能力。“通义千问”基本上无法理解DIKWP的定义,而“文心一言”介于两者之间在部分情况仍然能够较为有效的解释实例的DIKWP含义。GPT-4和其他两者比较起来更能像专家系统一样提出在不同情况下的建议。综合来讲,GPT-4仍然是最为成熟的大语言模型,其他模型仍有一定差距。

 

Reference

[1] Bubeck, Sébastien, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee et al. "Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.12712 (2023).

[2] Li, Yingbo, Yucong Duan, Zakaria Maamar, Haoyang Che, Anamaria-Beatrice Spulber, and Stelios Fuentes. "Swarm differential privacy for purpose-driven data-information-knowledge-wisdom architecture." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (2021): 1-15.

[3] Mei, Yingtian, Yucong Duan, Liang Chen, Zaiwen Feng, Lei Yu, and Zhendong Guo. "Purpose Driven Disputation Modeling, Analysis and Resolution Based on DIKWP Graphs." In 2022 IEEE 24th Int Conf on High Performance Computing & Communications; 8th Int Conf on Data Science & Systems; 20th Int Conf on Smart City; 8th Int Conf on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud & Big Data Systems & Application (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys), pp. 2118-2125. IEEE, 2022.

[4] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “The Wisdom of Artificial General Intelligence: Experiments with GPT-4 for DIKWP”, arXiv preprint (2023)

[5] Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “The Evaluation of Experiments of Artificial General Intelligence with GPT-4 Based on DIKWP“, arXiv preprint (2023)

[6] Chengxiang Ren, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan,“ Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for ERNIE Bot”, arXiv preprint (2023)

[7] Yingtian Mei, Yingbo Li, Yucong Duan, “Evaluation on AGI/GPT based on the DIKWP for QianWen”, arXiv preprint (2023)

 



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