Prompt:

以下文字是一份医疗记录：

[患者年龄]：56

[性别]：男

[科室]：消化内科

[症状与体状及患者自述]：

【一般资料】 患者男，56岁

【主诉】 因上腹部不适伴纳差2个月余入院。

【现病史】 患者半年前曾行肝癌根治术，术后予伽马刀放射治疗13次（具体诊疗过程不详），2个月前无明显诱因下出现上腹胀，伴食欲减退，外院上腹部增强CT检查示残肝内多发转移灶、胃体下部及胃窦部胃壁增厚水肿伴周围多发小淋巴结，外院胃镜检查见胃窦一深溃疡形成、底覆白苔、周围黏膜隆起（提示放射性胃炎），活检病理提示（胃窦）黏膜慢性炎伴纤维肉芽肿组织增生及表面大量炎性坏死渗出（符合慢性溃疡组织），予抑酸护胃、护肝等综合治疗后症状较前好转。

[体测与化验数据]：

【查体】 入院体检：精神欠佳，消痩貌，腹平软，右上腹可见一斜形手术疤痕，长约15cm，肝脾肋下未及。患者有“2型糖尿病”病史10年，诉近3个月体质量下降约10kg。

【辅助检查】 入院后血红蛋白波动在67～90g/L。腹部B超检查提示：肝内多发占位，门静脉内栓子形成；胆囊壁毛糙增厚，胆囊内稍高回声（胆泥沉积、胆囊结石可能）；胰脾未见明显异常。入院20余天后行肝动脉化疗栓塞术示：肝右叶原发性肝癌。入院2个月后查体：剑突下可触及包块，质软，表面光滑，活动度尚可。复查上腹部CT示：肝癌介入术后，肝门部多发淋巴结转移；胆囊壁增厚；脾大。胃镜检查示：胃窦部严重变形，后壁及小弯侧可见片状浅溃疡，表面覆新鲜血痂，幽门偏位，黏膜明显充血水肿（图1）；活检病理示：（胃窦）黏膜中至重度慢性炎，见片状炎性坏死渗出及出血组织（图2）。图1入院后胃镜检查1a、1b、1c：胃窦部严重变形，黏膜明显充血、水肿，后壁及小弯侧可见片状浅溃疡，表面覆新鲜血痂；1d：幽门偏位，黏膜充血、水肿图2胃窦溃疡边活检组织病理提示浅表黏膜，中至重度慢性炎症，可见片状炎性坏死渗出及出血组织HE×100

请分析上面的医疗记录，给出诊断结果与治疗意见，并给出依据。

请分析出上面描述中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图，并以表格的方式输出。 然后，分别构建出数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱，并给出详细过程。 绘制上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层与意图层之间的关系。

GPT-4回答：

诊断结果：放射性胃炎

依据：患者有肝癌根治术后伽马刀放射治疗的病史，出现上腹部不适、纳差、呕血、黑便等症状，胃镜检查见胃窦部严重变形，黏膜明显充血水肿，后壁及小弯侧可见片状浅溃疡，表面覆新鲜血痂，活检病理示黏膜中至重度慢性炎伴纤维肉芽肿组织增生及表面大量炎性坏死渗出。这些表现符合放射性胃炎的临床特征。

治疗意见：放射性胃炎的治疗目前尚无规范化方案，多限于一些个案报道。基础治疗有保证营养摄入、保护胃肠黏膜、抗感染、止血及止痛等。内镜下氩离子凝固术 (APC)是一种非接触性电凝技术，可有效治疗放射性胃炎导致的黏膜血管损伤²。高压氧疗能提高氧分压，增加组织供氧，促进创面愈合。泼尼松龙作为肾上腺皮质激素类抗炎药物可调节免疫反应、抑制机体促炎因子的表达，从而改善炎症反应。生长激素能够增加蛋白质合成，刺激细胞增殖和分化，进而促进创面愈合²。具体的治疗方案应根据患者的个体情况和医生的建议来选择。预防放射性胃炎的措施有选择合适的放疗方式、提高放疗精度、减少放射损伤；运用放射保护剂；术中术后预防性使用胃黏膜保护药物如质子泵抑制剂等；避免明显损伤胃肠黏膜药物；禁用部分靶向药物 。

为了构建这些图谱，我们需要先把医疗记录中的文本转化为结构化的数据，然后用一种形式化的语言（例如RDF）来表示实体、属性和关系，最后用一种可视化的工具（例如Graphviz）来绘制图形。

下面是一个可能的过程：

● 数据图谱：数据图谱是数据的可视化表示，显示不同变量或数据点之间的关系。它用于以更易于理解的格式显示信息，从而有助于分析和决策制定。为了构建数据图谱，我们需要从医疗记录中提取出一些关键的数据点，例如患者年龄、性别、科室、症状、体检结果、辅助检查结果等，并用一种合适的图形类型（例如条形图、折线图、散点图等）来显示它们之间的关系。例如，我们可以用条形图来显示不同科室的患者数量，用折线图来显示患者血红蛋白的变化趋势，用散点图来显示患者体重和身高的分布等。

● 信息图谱：信息图谱，也称为本体，是特定知识领域的结构化和形式化表示。它用于描述特定专业领域内的概念、类别和关系，提供一种表示和推理信息的方法。为了构建信息图谱，我们需要从医疗记录中抽取出一些关键的概念和类别，例如肝癌、胃溃疡、胆囊结石等，并用一种形式化的语言（例如RDF）来表示它们之间的关系。例如，我们可以用RDF三元组<S,P,O>来表示<肝癌,是,肝脏疾病>，<胃溃疡,是,胃部疾病>等。

● 知识图谱：知识图谱是一种图形数据结构，它将知识表示为实体、它们的属性以及它们之间的关系的集合。它是一种以结构化和相互关联的方式组织信息的方式，可以实现高效和有效的检索和推理。为了构建知识图谱，我们需要从医疗记录中抽取出一些关键的实体和属性，例如姚明、国籍、身高等，并用一种形式化的语言（例如RDF）来表示它们之间的关系。例如，我们可以用RDF三元组<S,P,O>来表示<姚明,国籍,中国>，<姚明,身高,229厘米>等。

● 智慧图谱：智慧图谱是一种知识图谱，旨在以结构化和相互关联的方式表示和组织人类知识和见解。它不仅捕捉事实知识，还捕捉洞察力和智慧。为了构建智慧图谱，我们需要从医疗记录中抽取出一些关键的思想、信念和见解，并用一种形式化的语言（例如RDF）来表示它们之间的关系。例如，我们可以用RDF三元组<S,P,O>来表示<肝癌,可能导致,死亡>，<胃溃疡,可能由于,放射性胃炎>等。

● 意图图谱：意图图谱是一种图形数据结构，旨在捕获和表示组织的目标、战略、活动和结果之间的关系。它可以被认为是组织目的的基于图形的表示，节点代表组织目的的各个组成部分，边代表这些组成部分之间的关系。为了构建意图图谱，我们需要从医疗记录中抽取出一些关键的目标、战略、活动和结果，并用一种形式化的语言（例如RDF）来表示它们之间的关系。例如，我们可以用RDF三元组<S,P,O>来表示<医院,目标,提高患者满意度>，<医院,战略,提供优质的医疗服务>等。

Prompt:

以下文字是一份医疗记录：

[患者年龄]：20

[性别]：女

[科室]：消化内科

[症状与体状及患者自述]：

【一般资料】 患者女，20岁。

【主诉】 近4年来出现无规律上腹痛，伴腹胀、呃逆、体重明显下降（4.5kg/月）2个月，于2009年7月6日就诊。

[体测与化验数据]：

【查体】 体检：消瘦（BMI为16.4kg/m2），腹部平软，上腹部轻压痛，未触及肝脾。有过敏和哮喘史，对猫、狗等宠物的皮屑及粉尘等过敏，追问病史，患者2个月前有与宠物密切接触史。

【辅助检查】 血常规：嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值0.39×109/L，嗜酸性粒细胞百分数5.5%。腹部B超、甲状腺功能检査、粪常规及潜血检査均未见异常。内镜及病理检査：胃镜检查显示胃体中、下部花斑、不平；角切迹花斑、不平，散在陈旧出血点，可见2处白色结节，直径分别为0.4、0.3cm，表面略呈绒毛感，质软（活检）；胃窦红斑、不平，前壁侧及后壁侧各可见1处片状白色不平区域，直径分别为2.0、1.5cm，表面略呈绒毛感，质软(活检）（图1)；十二指肠球部及降部未见异常。胃镜诊断：慢性浅表性胃炎，局部萎缩，伴肠化生？

【实验室检查】 活检组织病理学检查（HE染色）显示：黏膜固有层内可见中等量淋巴浆细胞浸润，并可见较多嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，嗜酸性粒细胞计数大于60个/高倍镜视野，小凹结构和固有腺体未见明显破坏和减少；黏膜浅层可见灶状出血；表面上皮细胞层下可见带状红染胶原样物质沉积（图2），其中可见少量淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润（图3）；部分表面上皮破碎、脱落（图2）。组织化学染色示：Masson染色阳性（胶原呈蓝色）（图4），刚果红染色（淀粉物质）阴性，Warthin-Starry染色（幽门螺杆菌，Hp）阴性。Image-ProPlus5.1软件测量上皮下胶原带厚度为16.6～120.3（43.8±30.9）μm。

请分析上面的医疗记录，给出诊断结果与治疗意见，并给出依据。

请分析出上面描述中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图，并以表格的方式输出。 然后，分别构建出数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱，并给出详细过程。 绘制上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层与意图层之间的关系。

GPT-4回答：

诊断结果：嗜酸性粒细胞胃炎（eosinophilic gastritis，EG）

依据：患者有上腹痛、腹胀、呃逆、体重明显下降等消化道症状，血常规显示嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和百分数升高，胃镜检查显示胃体、角切迹和胃窦的黏膜充血、不平、花斑、结节和白色不平区域，活检组织病理学检查显示黏膜固有层内可见较多嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，嗜酸性粒细胞计数大于60个/高倍镜视野，表面上皮细胞层下可见带状红染胶原样物质沉积，其中可见少量淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。这些表现符合嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎的诊断标准¹2。

治疗意见：嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎的治疗目的是减少嗜酸性粒细胞的数量，缓解炎症和症状，改善生活质量。治疗方法包括药物治疗和饮食治疗³4。

药物治疗：常用的药物有口服皮质类固醇（如泼尼松、布地奈德等），可以有效控制急性发作的症状，但可能有副作用，如鹅口疮、高血压、高血糖等。其他药物包括肥大细胞稳定剂（如钠色甘酸等），可以降低免疫系统特定细胞的作用，抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的释放；抗组胺药（如西替利嗪等），可以阻断组胺的炎症作用，减轻过敏反应。药物治疗应在医生的指导下进行，根据患者的具体情况调整剂量和用法。

饮食治疗：饮食治疗的原理是消除可能引起过敏反应的食物，减少嗜酸性粒细胞的刺激。常见的过敏原食物包括小麦、大豆、鸡蛋、奶制品、鱼/贝类和花生/坚果等。为治疗嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎而量身定制的饮食可能会排除部分或所有这些食物组。饮食治疗应在营养师或医生的指导下进行，根据患者的过敏史和实验室检查结果制定个体化的

定义，对您提供的医疗记录中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图进行了初步的分类，并以表格的方式输出如下：

在此案例中，我们将数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的层次关系应用于患者的医疗记录。以下是各层之间的关系和详细过程：

1. 数据层：这一层包含了患者的基本信息、症状、体检结果、化验数据等原始数据。例如，患者的年龄、性别、体重下降情况、血常规检查结果等。

2. 信息层：在这一层，我们通过分析和整合数据层中的原始数据，提炼出有价值的信息。例如，患者的上腹痛和腹胀可能与消化系统问题有关；嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和百分数偏高，可能提示过敏反应；胃镜检查显示胃体中、下部花斑、不平，角切迹花斑、不平等现象，可能为慢性浅表性胃炎等。

3. 知识层：在这一层，我们将信息层中提炼出的信息与已有的医学知识相结合，对患者的病情进行初步诊断。例如，根据胃镜结果、活检组织病理学检查结果和实验室检查结果，初步诊断为慢性浅表性胃炎，局部萎缩，伴肠化生。

4. 智慧层：在这一层，我们运用专业知识和经验，对患者的病情进行更深入的分析，并为患者提供个性化的治疗建议。例如，考虑到患者有过敏和哮喘史，可能需要针对过敏原进行治疗；同时，针对患者的胃炎情况，可以考虑采用抗炎药物、调整饮食等综合治疗。

5. 意图层：这一层反映了医生为患者制定治疗方案的目的和目标。例如，通过对患者过敏原的治疗，减轻过敏症状；对胃炎进行综合治疗，改善患者的上腹痛、腹胀等症状，帮助患者恢复健康。

在这个过程中，数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层和意图层之间的关系是相互联系、相互影响的。数据层是基础，信息层是对数据的加工和提炼，知识层是信息层与已有医学知识的结合，智慧层则是根据知识层的诊断进行深入分析和制定个性化治疗方案，而意图层则体现了整个过程的目标和目的。

这些层次之间的关系可以用以下方式表示：

● 数据层 → 信息层：通过分析和整合原始数据，提炼出有价值的信息。

● 信息层 → 知识层：将提炼出的信息与现有医学知识相结合，形成初步诊断。

● 知识层 → 智慧层：根据初步诊断，运用专业知识和经验，进行更深入的分析和个性化治疗建议。

● 智慧层 → 意图层：明确治疗方案的目标和目的，为患者提供全面、有效的治疗。

在整个过程中，医生需要不断学习、积累经验和更新知识，以便更好地为患者提供诊断和治疗。同时，通过与患者的沟通和交流，医生可以更深入地了解患者的需求和期望，从而制定更符合患者实际情况的治疗方案。在这个过程中，各个层次之间的关系是动态、互动的，不断调整和优化，以达到最佳的诊断和治疗效果。

Prompt:

以下文字是一份医疗记录：

[患者年龄]：31

[性别]：男

[科室]：消化内科

[症状与体状及患者自述]：

【一般资料】 患者男，31岁。

【主诉】 主因腹痛、腹泻伴腹胀40d住院。

【现病史】 入院前40d无明显原诱因出现腹痛、腹泻，腹痛以上腹部为主，隐痛，大便由1次/d转为2～4次/d，呈黄色糊状便，无黏液及脓血便，伴有腹胀且逐渐加重。病程中无乏力、发热、盗汗。未出现过皮疹、口腔溃疡及关节疼痛。曾在外院行C13呼气试验阳性，口服泮托拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林标准三联抗Hp治疗及吗丁啉促动力治疗无效，腹胀症状逐渐加重，于入院前2d在我院行腹部超声示：腹腔积液。电子胃镜：慢性浅表性胃炎伴胆汁反流。电子肠镜：轻度结肠炎（横结肠黏膜充血水肿、糜烂）。患病来精神、饮食、睡眠尚可，小便无异常，体质量增加2.5kg。

【既往病史】 既往史：既往有高血压病史4～5年，未行系统治疗。否认慢性肝病史。40d曾患泌尿系感染口服热淋清颗粒。否认哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹病史。否认药物及食物过敏史。有结核病医院附近居住史。患者父亲及弟弟均患有高血压，母亲身体健康。

[体测与化验数据]：

【查体】 入院时体检：T36.2℃，P98次/min，R19次/min，血压120/90mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa），皮肤黏膜未见皮疹，心肺查体无异常，腹软，略膨隆，无腹壁静脉曲张，肝脾未触及，全腹无压痛及反跳痛，移动性浊音阳性。

【实验室检查】 WBC18.32×109/L，N12.0%，L8.0%，嗜酸性粒细胞75.0%，HGB144g/L，PLAT215×109/L。尿常规、便常规均正常，便虫卵阴性。C反应蛋白20.6ng/L，血沉正常。免疫球蛋白包括IgA、IgG、IgM均正常。生化检查总蛋白49.6g/L，白蛋白30.7g/L，其余各项均正常。自身抗体15项均阴性。食物过敏原14项：牛奶++，猪肉+，鸡肉+，鲟鱼+，余均阴性。结核抗体三项阴性，T-Spot结核试验阴性。消化系肿瘤标志物各项均正常。腹水生化及常规：比重1.010，白细胞6798.0×106/L，其中多个核细胞97.6%，单个核细胞2.4%，腹水蛋白43.25g/L，立凡他试验阳性。腹水送病理可见嗜酸性粒细胞满视野，难以计数（见图1）；未发现肿瘤细胞，抗酸染色阴性。骨髓细胞形态学检查：嗜酸性粒细胞明显增高，占41.0%。印象：嗜酸性粒细胞增多原因待查。

【辅助检查】 影像学检查：胸片心肺隔未见异常，少量胸腔积液。超声心动图：未见异常。腹部超声：腹腔积液（深度为8.6cm），肝胆胰脾双肾未见异常。腹部增强CT腹腔大量积液，食管下段及胃贲门处壁明显增厚，横结肠局部肠壁增厚，未发现门静脉增宽及栓塞。复查胃镜：慢性浅表性胃炎伴糜烂。胃镜多点取活检送病理：胃体大弯黏膜表浅黏膜组织轻-中度慢性炎伴淋巴组织增生，局部间质充血、可见嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，密集处约25个/HPF，窦体交界表浅黏膜组织慢性炎伴轻度急性炎及糜烂，局部间质水肿，可见少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，5～10个/HPF。胃窦大弯表浅黏膜组织中度慢性炎伴轻度急性炎、糜烂及淋巴细胞增生，局部间质充血，可见少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，10〜15个/HPF（见图2）。

请分析上面的医疗记录，给出诊断结果与治疗意见，并给出依据。

请分析出上面描述中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图，并以表格的方式输出。 然后，分别构建出数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱，并给出详细过程。 绘制上面数据层、信息层、知识层、智慧层与意图层之间的关系。

GPT-4回答：

根据您提供的医疗记录，我分析出以下的诊断结果与治疗意见：

诊断结果：患者可能患有嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征（hypereosinophilic syndrome, HES），这是一种以外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多伴或不伴组织损害为特征的疾病。患者的嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显升高，达到75%，远超过正常范围（0.5%～5%，并且有腹水、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等消化道症状，以及胸腔积液、心肺无异常等呼吸道症状。患者的电子胃镜、电子肠镜、腹水送病理、胃镜多点取活检等检查均显示有嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，提示有组织损害。患者的C反应蛋白升高，提示有炎症反应。患者的食物过敏原14项中有4项阳性，提示有过敏体质。患者的自身抗体15项均阴性，结核抗体三项阴性，T-Spot结核试验阴性，排除了自身免疫性疾病和结核感染的可能。患者的消化系肿瘤标志物各项均正常，未发现肿瘤细胞，排除了肿瘤性疾病的可能。患者的骨髓细胞形态学检查显示嗜酸性粒细胞明显增高，占41.0%，提示有骨髓异常。因此，根据患者的临床表现、实验室检查和辅助检查，可以诊断为嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征。

治疗意见：嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征的治疗应以重要器官受累和功能障碍为主要治疗指征。一般情况下，可以采用以下几种治疗方法：

● 肾上腺皮质激素：可抑制嗜酸粒细胞的产生，对原发性和继发性嗜酸粒细胞增多症均有效，因此常作为首选治疗。泼尼松1mg/ (kg·d)，口服，发病急者可予相当剂量的地塞米松静脉点滴。病情好转后，改为口服药，原量维持2周，然后在2～3个月内减至半量，再逐渐减量维持1年左右。若减量过程中病情反复，至少应恢复至减量前用药。

● 细胞毒药物：对于白细胞增多明显，外周血中出现原始粒细胞，脏器浸润明显，病情进展快的重症患者以及皮质激素治疗疗效差者可加用羟基脲治疗，1～2g/d，治疗7～14天后白细胞开始下降，至白细胞降至<10×109/L后，用小剂量维持 (每天或隔天0.5g)。亦可加用长春新碱：1～2 mg/次，每周1次。长春新碱可快速降白细胞，用药1～3天白细胞数即可下降，一般多用于白细胞过高的患者。长春新碱治疗，还可用VP16 (VM26)、烷化剂如苯丁酸氮芥 (瘤可宁)等。

● 生物因子和免疫抑制药：干扰素 (1.0～6.25)×106U/d，皮下注射，连续应用。干扰素可抑制嗜酸粒细胞的增殖和释放。环孢素A常用剂量4mg/kg，可以同小剂量皮质激素联合使用。环孢素A是一种免疫抑制剂，可抑制T细胞的活化和增殖。

● 脾脏切除：HES患者约43%有脾脏肿大，巨脾可出现脾功能亢进和脾梗死，导致贫血和血小板减少。出现严重脾功能亢进和脾梗死时，可考虑脾切除治疗。脾切除的适应证是：①巨脾引起的机械性并发症；②脾功能亢进导致的血液系统异常；③嗜酸性粒细胞增多不易控制；④嗜酸性粒细胞增多伴有其他骨髓增生性肿瘤。

对医疗记录中所包含的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图进行提取和分类，并以表格的方式输出：

1. 以下是我为这份医疗记录所构建的数据、信息、知识、智慧和意图的图谱。

2. 数据层： 包含所有测量和检查结果，如年龄、性别、体温、心率、血压、化验数据、影像学检查结果等。

3. 信息层： 在数据层的基础上，加入医生对这些数据的解释和总结，包括患者的症状和体征、病史、检查结果的异常和正常范围、诊断等。

4. 知识层： 基于医学专业知识，对信息层的内容进行深入分析和解释，包括对疾病的病理生理机制、病因、流行病学等方面的了解，以及对治疗方案、预后、并发症等方面的知识。

5. 智慧层： 基于医生的经验和专业知识，对患者的病情进行综合分析和判断，提出具体的治疗方案和建议，包括药物治疗、手术治疗、康复和护理等方面的建议。

6. 意图层： 基于医生对患者的分析和判断，提出对患者最有利的治疗计划，以及预防和管理患者可能出现的并发症等方面的意图。

在这个关系图中，数据层是最基础的，包含了所有的测量和检查结果。信息层在数据层的基础上，将这些数据进行了解释和总结，成为了医生进行诊断和治疗的依据。知识层则是在信息层的基础上，根据医学专业知识，对疾病的病理生理机制、病因、流行病学等方面的知识进行了分析和解释。智慧层则是在知识层的基础上，结合医生的经验和专业知识，对患者的病情进行了深入分析和判断，提出具体的治疗方案和建议。最后，意图层则是在智慧层的基础上，提出对患者最有利的治疗计划，以及预防和管理患者可能出现的并发症等方面的意图。这些层之间的关系是相互依存的，只有在每个层次都得到充分的考虑和关注，才能最终达到有效的治疗和管理患者的目的。

Prompt:

The following text is a medical record:

[patient's age]:56

[gender]:male

[Department]:Gastroenterology

[Symptoms and body shape and patient's self-report]:

[General information] The patient is male, 56 years old

【Chief Complaint】 He was admitted to the hospital due to epigastric discomfort and anorexia for more than 2 months.

[Present illness history] The patient had undergone radical resection of liver cancer six months ago, and received 13 times of gamma knife radiation therapy after the operation (the specific diagnosis and treatment process is unknown). Two months ago, there was no obvious incentive for upper abdominal distension, accompanied by loss of appetite, and the upper abdomen was enhanced in the other hospital. CT examination showed multiple metastatic lesions in the remnant liver, thickening and edema of the gastric wall in the lower part of the gastric body and gastric antrum with multiple small lymph nodes around it, and gastroscopy in an outside hospital showed the formation of a deep ulcer in the gastric antrum with a white coating on the bottom and raised surrounding mucosa (suggesting radiation gastritis ), the biopsy pathology showed chronic inflammation of the (gastric antrum) mucosa with hyperplasia of fibrogranuloma tissue and a large amount of inflammatory and necrotic exudation on the surface (consistent with chronic ulcer tissue). The symptoms improved after comprehensive treatment such as acid suppression, stomach protection and liver protection.

[Physical test and laboratory data]:

【Physical Examination】Admission physical examination: poor spirit, thin appearance, flat and soft abdomen, an oblique surgical scar about 15cm in length on the right upper quadrant, not reaching the liver, spleen and ribs. The patient has a history of "type 2 diabetes" for 10 years, and complained of a weight loss of about 10kg in the past 3 months.

[Auxiliary examination] After admission, the hemoglobin fluctuated at 67-90g/L. Abdominal B-ultrasound examination revealed: multiple space-occupying in the liver, embolism in the portal vein; rough and thickened gallbladder wall, slightly hyperechoic in the gallbladder (bile sludge deposition, gallbladder stones possible); no obvious abnormalities in the pancreas and spleen. More than 20 days after admission, hepatic arterial chemoembolization showed primary liver cancer in the right lobe of the liver. Physical examination 2 months after admission: a palpable mass under the xiphoid process, soft and smooth, with acceptable mobility. Re-examination of upper abdomen CT showed: after liver cancer intervention, multiple hilar lymph node metastasis; gallbladder wall thickening; splenomegaly. Gastroscopic examination showed that the gastric antrum was severely deformed, shallow ulcers were seen on the posterior wall and the lesser curvature, the surface was covered with fresh blood scabs, the pylorus was displaced, and the mucosa was obviously congested and edematous (Figure 1); the biopsy pathology showed: (gastric antrum) mucosa Moderate to severe chronic inflammation, see flakes of inflammatory necrotic exudation and hemorrhagic tissue (Figure 2). Figure 1 Gastroscopic examination after admission 1a, 1b, 1c: severe deformation of the gastric antrum, obvious hyperemia and edema of the mucosa, flaky shallow ulcers can be seen on the posterior wall and the lesser curvature, and the surface is covered with fresh blood scabs; 1d: pylorus deviation, mucosal hyperemia , Edema Fig. 2 Histopathology of the biopsy of gastric antrum ulcer side showed superficial mucosa, moderate to severe chronic inflammation, exudation of flake inflammatory necrosis and hemorrhage tissue HE×100

Please analyze the above medical records, give the diagnosis results and treatment opinions, and give the basis.

Please analyze the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose contained in the above description, and output it in the form of a table. Then, the graphs of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose are respectively constructed, and the detailed process is given. Draw the relationship between the above data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level.

GPT-4 answers:

Diagnosis: radiation gastritis

Basis: The patient had a medical history of gamma knife radiation therapy after radical resection of liver cancer, and developed symptoms such as epigastric discomfort, anorexia, hematemesis, and melena. Flaky shallow ulcers can be seen on the side, and the surface is covered with fresh blood scabs. Biopsy pathology showed moderate to severe chronic inflammation of the mucosa with fibrogranuloma tissue hyperplasia and a large amount of inflammatory necrosis on the surface. These findings are consistent with the clinical features of radiation gastritis。

Treatment opinion: There is no standardized treatment plan for radiation gastritis, and it is mostly limited to some case reports. Basic treatment includes ensuring nutritional intake, protecting gastrointestinal mucosa, anti-infection, hemostasis, and pain relief. Endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a non-contact electrocoagulation technique that can effectively treat mucosal vascular injury caused by radiation gastritis². Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can increase oxygen partial pressure, increase tissue oxygen supply, and promote wound healing. Prednisolone, as an adrenocortical hormone anti-inflammatory drug, can regulate the immune response and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the body, thereby improving the inflammatory response. Growth hormone can increase protein synthesis, stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and promote wound healing². The specific treatment plan should be selected according to the individual situation of the patient and the doctor's advice. Measures to prevent radiation gastritis include selecting appropriate radiotherapy methods, improving radiotherapy accuracy, and reducing radiation damage; using radioprotectants; prophylactically using gastric mucosal protection drugs such as proton pump inhibitors during and after surgery; avoiding drugs that significantly damage the gastrointestinal mucosa ; Prohibition of some targeted drugs 。

In order to build these graphs, we need to convert the text in medical records into structured data, then use a formal language (such as RDF) to represent entities, attributes and relationships, and finally use a visual tool (such as Graphviz) to draw graphs.

Here's a possible procedure:

● Data Graph: A data graph is a visual representation of data that shows the relationship between different variables or data points. It is used to present information in a more understandable format, which facilitates analysis and decision making. In order to construct a data map, we need to extract some key data points from medical records, such as patient age, gender, department, symptoms, physical examination results, auxiliary examination results, etc., and use an appropriate graph type (such as bar graph, line chart, scatter plot, etc.) to show the relationship between them. For example, we can use a bar graph to display the number of patients in different departments, a line graph to display the change trend of patients' hemoglobin, and a scatter graph to display the distribution of patient weight and height, etc.

● Information Graph: An information graph, also known as an ontology, is a structured and formalized representation of a particular domain of knowledge. It is used to describe concepts, categories, and relationships within a specific professional domain, providing a method of representing and reasoning about information. In order to construct an information graph, we need to extract some key concepts and categories from medical records, such as liver cancer, gastric ulcer, gallbladder stones, etc., and use a formal language (such as RDF) to represent the relationship between them. For example, we can use RDF triples <S,P,O> to represent <liver cancer, yes, liver disease>, <stomach ulcer, yes, stomach disease>, etc.

● Knowledge Graph: A knowledge graph is a graph data structure that represents knowledge as a collection of entities, their attributes, and the relationships between them. It is a way of organizing information in a structured and interrelated manner that enables efficient and effective retrieval and reasoning. In order to build a knowledge graph, we need to extract some key entities and attributes from medical records, such as Yao Ming, nationality, height, etc., and use a formal language (such as RDF) to represent the relationship between them. For example, we can use the RDF triple <S,P,O> to represent <Yao Ming, nationality, China>, <Yao Ming, height, 229 cm> and so on.

● Wisdom Graph: A Wisdom Graph is a knowledge graph that aims to represent and organize human knowledge and insights in a structured and interconnected manner. It captures not only factual knowledge but also insight and wisdom. In order to construct a wisdom map, we need to extract some key ideas, beliefs, and insights from medical records, and use a formal language (such as RDF) to represent the relationship between them. For example, we can use RDF triples <S,P,O> to represent <liver cancer, may cause, death>, <stomach ulcer, possibly due to, radiation gastritis>, etc.

● purpose Graph: An purpose graph is a graphical data structure designed to capture and represent the relationships between an organization's goals, strategies, activities, and outcomes. It can be thought of as a graph-based representation of organizational purpose, with nodes representing components of organizational purpose and edges representing the relationships between these components. In order to construct an purpose graph, we need to extract some key goals, strategies, activities, and results from medical records, and use a formal language (such as RDF) to express the relationship between them. For example, we can use RDF triples <S, P, O> to represent <hospital, goal, improve patient satisfaction>, <hospital, strategy, provide quality medical services> and so on.

Prompt:

The following text is a medical record:

[patient age]: 20

[Gender: Female

[Department]: Gastroenterology

[Symptoms and body shape and patient's self-report]:

[General information] The patient is female, 20 years old.

【Chief Complaint】 Irregular epigastric pain occurred in the past 4 years, accompanied by abdominal distension, hiccups, and significant weight loss (4.5kg/month) for 2 months. She went to see a doctor on July 6, 2009.

[Physical test and laboratory data]:

[Physical examination] Physical examination: weight loss (BMI 16.4kg/m2), flat and soft abdomen, mild tenderness in the upper abdomen, and no palpable liver and spleen. He has a history of allergies and asthma, and is allergic to dander and dust of pets such as cats and dogs. The patient's medical history was followed up. The patient had a history of close contact with pets 2 months ago.

[Auxiliary examination] Blood routine: the absolute value of eosinophils is 0.39×109/L, and the percentage of eosinophils is 5.5%. Abdominal B-ultrasound, thyroid function test, stool routine test and occult blood test showed no abnormalities. Endoscopic and pathological examination: Gastroscopy showed mottled and uneven in the middle and lower parts of the gastric body; angular notch mottled and uneven, scattered in old bleeding points, and 2 white nodules with diameters of 0.4 and 0.3 cm were seen, and the surface was slightly Fluffy, soft texture (biopsy); erythema and unevenness of gastric antrum, 1 flaky white uneven area with diameters of 2.0 and 1.5 cm on the anterior wall and posterior wall, respectively, with a slightly fluffy surface and soft texture (biopsy ) (Figure 1); no abnormalities were found in the bulb and descending part of the duodenum. Gastroscopy diagnosis: chronic superficial gastritis, local atrophy, with intestinal metaplasia?

[Laboratory examination] Biopsy histopathological examination (HE staining) showed: a moderate amount of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration can be seen in the lamina propria, and more eosinophil infiltration can be seen, and the eosinophil count is greater than 60 per high-power field of view , no obvious damage or reduction in the pit structure and intrinsic glands; focal hemorrhage can be seen in the superficial mucosa; band-shaped red-stained collagen-like deposits can be seen under the superficial epithelial cell level (Figure 2), in which a small amount of lymphocytes and eosinophils can be seen Infiltration of granulocytes (Figure 3); part of the surface epithelium was broken and detached (Figure 2). Histochemical staining showed: Masson staining was positive (collagen was blue) (Figure 4), Congo red staining (starch substance) was negative, and Warthin-Starry staining (Helicobacter pylori, Hp) was negative. Image-ProPlus5.1 software measured the thickness of the subepithelial collagen band to be 16.6-120.3 (43.8±30.9) μm.

Please analyze the above medical records, give the diagnosis results and treatment opinions, and give the basis.

Please analyze the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose contained in the above description, and output it in the form of a table. Then, the graphs of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose are respectively constructed, and the detailed process is given. Draw the relationship between the above data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level.

GPT-4 answers:

Diagnosis result: eosinophilic gastritis (EG)

Basis: The patient had gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain, abdominal distension, hiccups, and significant weight loss. Blood routine showed an increase in the absolute value and percentage of eosinophils. Gastroscopy showed mucosal congestion, unevenness, Mottling, nodules, and white uneven areas, histopathological examination of biopsy showed more eosinophil infiltration in the lamina propria, the eosinophil count was more than 60 per high-power field of view, and bands were seen under the surface epithelial cell level Red-stained collagen-like deposits with a small infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils. These findings meet the diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic gastroenteritis¹2。

Treatment opinion: The purpose of the treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is to reduce the number of eosinophils, relieve inflammation and symptoms, and improve the quality of life. Treatment includes medication and diet³4。

Drug treatment: Commonly used drugs include oral corticosteroids (such as prednisone, budesonide, etc.), which can effectively control the symptoms of acute attacks, but may have side effects, such as thrush, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, etc. Other medications include mast cell stabilizers (such as sodium cromolyn), which reduce the action of certain cells of the immune system and inhibit the release of eosinophils, and antihistamines (such as cetirizine), which block histamine Inflammatory effects, reduce allergic reactions. Drug treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and the dose and usage should be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the patient.

Diet therapy: The principle of diet therapy is to eliminate foods that may cause allergic reactions and reduce the stimulation of eosinophils. Common food allergens include wheat, soybeans, eggs, dairy products, fish/shellfish, and peanuts/tree nuts, among others. A diet tailored to treat eosinophilic gastroenteritis may exclude some or all of these food groups. Diet therapy should be carried out under the guidance of a nutritionist or doctor, and an individualized diet should be formulated according to the patient's allergy history and laboratory test results.

Definition, a preliminary classification of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purposes contained in the medical records you provide, and the output in the form of a table is as follows:

In this case, we apply a hierarchical relationship of data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and purpose to a patient's medical record. The following is the relationship and detailed process between the levels:

1. Data level: This level contains raw data such as basic patient information, symptoms, physical examination results, and laboratory data. For example, the patient's age, gender, weight loss, blood routine examination results, etc.

2. Information level: In this level, we extract valuable information by analyzing and integrating raw data in the data level. For example, the upper abdominal pain and bloating of the patient may be related to digestive system problems; the high absolute value and percentage of eosinophils may indicate an allergic reaction; The phenomenon of equality may be chronic superficial gastritis, etc.

3. Knowledge level: At this level, we combine the information extracted from the information level with existing medical knowledge to make a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's condition. For example, according to the results of gastroscopy, biopsy histopathological examination results, and laboratory examination results, the initial diagnosis is chronic superficial gastritis with local atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.

4. Wisdom level: In this level, we use professional knowledge and experience to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the patient's condition and provide patients with personalized treatment recommendations. For example, considering that the patient has a history of allergies and asthma, it may be necessary to treat allergens; at the same time, for the patient's gastritis, comprehensive treatment such as anti-inflammatory drugs and diet adjustment can be considered.

5. purpose level: This level reflects the doctor's purpose and goal in formulating a treatment plan for the patient. For example, through the treatment of the patient's allergens, the allergic symptoms can be alleviated; the comprehensive treatment of gastritis can improve the patient's upper abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other symptoms, and help the patient recover.

In this process, the relationship among the data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level is interconnected and mutually influenced. The data level is the foundation, the information level is the processing and refining of data, the knowledge level is the combination of the information level and existing medical knowledge, the wisdom level is to conduct in-depth analysis and formulate personalized treatment plans based on the diagnosis of the knowledge level, and the purpose level It reflects the goal and purpose of the whole process.

The relationship between these levels can be expressed in the following way:

● Data level → information level: By analyzing and integrating raw data, valuable information is extracted.

● Information level → knowledge level: Combine the extracted information with existing medical knowledge to form a preliminary diagnosis.

● Knowledge level → Wisdom level: According to the preliminary diagnosis, professional knowledge and experience are used to conduct more in-depth analysis and personalized treatment suggestions.

● Wisdom level → purpose level: clarify the goals and objectives of the treatment plan, and provide patients with comprehensive and effective treatment.

Throughout the process, doctors need to keep learning, accumulating experience and updating knowledge in order to better provide diagnosis and treatment for patients. At the same time, through communication and exchange with patients, doctors can have a deeper understanding of patients' needs and expectations, so as to formulate treatment plans that are more in line with patients' actual conditions. In this process, the relationship between various levels is dynamic and interactive, and is constantly adjusted and optimized to achieve the best diagnosis and treatment effect.

Prompt:

The following text is a medical record:

[patient age]: 31

[Sex: Male

[Department]: Gastroenterology

[Symptoms and body shape and patient's self-report]:

[General information] The patient is male, 31 years old.

【Chief Complaint】 He was hospitalized for 40 days mainly due to abdominal pain, diarrhea and abdominal distension.

[History of present illness] Abdominal pain and diarrhea without obvious cause 40 days before admission, abdominal pain mainly in the upper abdomen, dull pain, stool changed from 1 time/d to 2-4 times/d, yellow pasty stool, no mucus and pus and blood in the stool , accompanied by abdominal distension and gradually increased. During the course of the disease, there was no fatigue, fever, and night sweats. There was no rash, oral ulcer or joint pain. C13 breath test was positive in another hospital, oral administration of pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin standard triple anti-Hp therapy and morphine prokinetic therapy were ineffective, abdominal distention symptoms gradually worsened, and 2 days before admission in our hospital. Abdominal ultrasound showed: peritoneal effusion. Electronic gastroscopy: chronic superficial gastritis with bile reflux. Electronic colonoscopy: mild colitis (hyperemia, edema and erosion of the transverse colon mucosa). The spirit, diet, and sleep of the illness are acceptable, the urination is normal, and the body weight has increased by 2.5kg.

[Past medical history] Past medical history: There was a history of hypertension for 4 to 5 years without systematic treatment. He denied history of chronic liver disease. He suffered from urinary tract infection for 40 days and took Relinqing Granules by mouth. He denied any history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or urticaria. He denied any history of drug or food allergy. Have a history of living near a tuberculosis hospital. Both the patient's father and younger brother suffer from high blood pressure, and the mother is in good health.

[Physical test and laboratory data]:

[Physical examination] Physical examination upon admission: T36.2°C, P98 times/min, R19 times/min, blood pressure 120/90mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa), no rash on the skin and mucous membranes, no abnormality in cardiopulmonary examination, abdominal softness, slightly Bulging, no abdominal wall varicose veins, no palpable liver and spleen, no tenderness and rebound tenderness in the whole abdomen, positive shifting dullness.

[Laboratory examination] WBC18.32×109/L, N12.0%, L8.0%, eosinophils 75.0%, HGB144g/L, PLAT215×109/L. Urine and stool routine tests were normal, and stool eggs were negative. C reactive protein 20.6ng/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is normal. Immunoglobulins including IgA, IgG, and IgM were normal. Biochemical examination total protein 49.6g/L, albumin 30.7g/L, the rest are normal. All 15 items of autoantibodies were negative. 14 items of food allergens: milk++, pork+, chicken+, sturgeon+, the rest were all negative. Three tuberculosis antibodies were negative, and the T-Spot tuberculosis test was negative. The digestive system tumor markers were all normal. Ascites biochemistry and routine: specific gravity 1.010, white blood cells 6798.0×106/L, including 97.6% multinucleated cells, 2.4% mononuclear cells, ascites protein 43.25g/L, Levanta test was positive. Pathology of ascites showed that eosinophils filled the field of vision and were difficult to count (see Figure 1); no tumor cells were found, and acid-fast staining was negative. Morphological examination of bone marrow cells: eosinophils were significantly increased, accounting for 41.0%. Impression: The cause of eosinophilia remains to be investigated.

[Auxiliary examination] Imaging examination: Chest X-ray showed no abnormality in the cardiopulmonary septum, and a small amount of pleural effusion. Echocardiogram: no abnormalities were seen. Abdominal ultrasound: peritoneal effusion (depth 8.6cm), liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys were normal. Abdomen-enhanced CT showed a large amount of peritoneal effusion, the wall of the lower esophagus and gastric cardia was significantly thickened, and the wall of the transverse colon was partially thickened. No portal vein widening or embolism was found. Review gastroscopy: chronic superficial gastritis with erosion. Gastroscopy biopsies were taken at multiple points and sent to pathology: mild to moderate chronic inflammation of the superficial mucosal tissue of the greater curvature of the gastric body with lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, local interstitial congestion, and eosinophil infiltration visible, densely located about 25/HPF, sinus body Chronic inflammation of superficial junctional mucosal tissue with mild acute inflammation and erosion, local interstitial edema, and a small amount of eosinophil infiltration, 5-10 cells/HPF. Moderate chronic inflammation of the superficial mucosa of the greater curvature of the gastric antrum accompanied by mild acute inflammation, erosion, and lymphocyte hyperplasia, local interstitial hyperemia, and a small amount of eosinophil infiltration, 10-15 cells/HPF (see Figure 2).

Please analyze the above medical records, give the diagnosis results and treatment opinions, and give the basis.

Please analyze the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose contained in the above description, and output it in the form of a table. Then, the graphs of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purpose are respectively constructed, and the detailed process is given. Draw the relationship between the above data level, information level, knowledge level, intelligence level and purpose level.

GPT-4 answers:

Based on the medical records you provided, I have analyzed the following diagnosis results and treatment opinions:

Diagnosis: Patient likely has hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), a disorder characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia with or without tissue damage. The patient's eosinophil count increased significantly, reaching 75%, far exceeding the normal range (0.5% to 5%, and have ascites, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as pleural effusion, cardiopulmonary no abnormalities and other respiratory symptoms. The patient's electronic gastroscopy, electronic colonoscopy, ascites sent to pathology, gastroscopic multi-point biopsy and other examinations all showed eosinophil infiltration, suggesting tissue damage. The patient's C-reactive protein was elevated, suggesting an inflammatory response. Four of the 14 food allergen items in the patient were positive, suggesting an allergic constitution. All 15 items of autoantibodies were negative, three items of tuberculosis antibodies were negative, and the T-Spot tuberculosis test was negative, which ruled out the possibility of autoimmune diseases and tuberculosis infection. All the tumor markers of the patient's digestive system were normal, and no tumor cells were found, which ruled out the possibility of neoplastic diseases. Morphological examination of bone marrow cells in patients showed significantly increased eosinophils, accounting for 41.0%, suggesting bone marrow abnormalities. Therefore, according to the patient's clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and auxiliary tests, it can be diagnosed as hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Treatment opinion: the treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome should be based on vital organ involvement and dysfunction as the main treatment indication. In general, the following treatments are available:

● Adrenal corticosteroids: inhibit eosinophil production and are effective in both primary and secondary hypereosinophilia, so they are often the treatment of choice. Prednisone 1mg/(kg·d), orally, and a considerable dose of dexamethasone can be given intravenously for acute onset. After the condition improved, it was changed to oral medicine, and the original dose was maintained for 2 weeks, then reduced to half the dose within 2 to 3 months, and then gradually reduced for about 1 year. If the condition recurs during the reduction, at least the drug should be restored to the level before the reduction.

● Cytotoxic drugs: Hydroxyurea can be added for severe patients with obvious leukocytosis, myeloblasts in peripheral blood, obvious visceral infiltration, rapid disease progression and poor efficacy of corticosteroid therapy, 1-2g/d, for 7 days After ~14 days, the leukocytes begin to decline, and when the leukocytes drop to <10×109/L, maintain with a small dose (0.5g per day or every other day). Vincristine can also be added: 1-2 mg/time, once a week. Vincristine can rapidly reduce white blood cells, and the number of white blood cells can be reduced within 1 to 3 days of medication. It is generally used for patients with excessive white blood cells. Vincristine treatment can also be used VP16 (VM26), alkylating agents such as chlorambucil (tumor canning) and so on.

● Biological factors and immunosuppressive drugs: interferon (1.0～6.25)×106U/d, subcutaneous injection, continuous application. Interferon inhibits the proliferation and release of eosinophils. The usual dose of cyclosporine A is 4 mg/kg, which can be used in combination with small doses of corticosteroids. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant that inhibits the activation and proliferation of T cells.

● Splenectomy: About 43% of HES patients have splenomegaly, and hypersplenism and splenic infarction may occur in giant spleen, leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia. When severe hypersplenism and splenic infarction occur, splenectomy may be considered. The indications for splenectomy are: ①Mechanical complications caused by splenomegaly; ②Hematological abnormalities caused by hypersplenism; ③Eosinophilia is difficult to control; ④Eosinophilia is accompanied by other myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Extract and classify the data, information, knowledge, wisdom and purposes contained in medical records, and output them in the form of tables:

1. Below is the map of data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and purpose that I have constructed for this medical record.

2. Data level: Contains all measurement and examination results, such as age, gender, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, laboratory data, imaging examination results, etc.

3. Information level: On the basis of the data level, add the doctor's explanation and summary of these data, including the patient's symptoms and signs, medical history, abnormal and normal range of examination results, diagnosis, etc.

4. Knowledge level: Based on medical professional knowledge, in-depth analysis and interpretation of the content of the information level, including understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism, etiology, epidemiology, etc. of the disease, as well as knowledge of treatment options, prognosis, complications, etc.

5. Intelligence level: Based on the doctor's experience and professional knowledge, comprehensively analyze and judge the patient's condition, and propose specific treatment plans and suggestions, including suggestions on drug treatment, surgical treatment, rehabilitation and nursing.

6. purpose level: Based on the doctor's analysis and judgment of the patient, propose the most beneficial treatment plan for the patient, as well as the purpose to prevent and manage possible complications of the patient.

In this diagram, the data level is the most basic and contains all measurements and inspection results. On the basis of the data level, the information level interprets and summarizes these data, which becomes the basis for doctors to diagnose and treat. The knowledge level is based on the information level, and according to medical professional knowledge, it analyzes and explains the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanism, etiology, epidemiology and other aspects of the disease. The intelligence level is based on the knowledge level, combined with the doctor's experience and professional knowledge, conducts in-depth analysis and judgment on the patient's condition, and proposes specific treatment plans and suggestions. Finally, the purpose level is based on the wisdom level, to propose the most beneficial treatment plan for the patient, as well as the purpose to prevent and manage the possible complications of the patient. The relationship between these levels is interdependent, and only when each level is given full consideration and attention can we finally achieve the purpose of effective treatment and management of patients.