Chapter 5 Imperfections in Solids

Words and Phrases

Defect n.imperfection / fault 缺陷

Point defect            点缺陷

Vacancy  空位

Interstitial atoms 间隙原子

Linear defect     线缺陷

Grain boundary       晶界

Interfacial defect    面缺陷

Mixed dislocation  混合位错

Dislocation line      位错线

Edge dislocation     刃位错

Screw dislocation    螺位错

Burgers vector 伯格斯矢量

Perfection  n.完美↔ Imperfection 缺陷

Impurity       n.   杂质↔Purity :clearness

Irregularity  n.    不规则↔Regularity 规则  

Geometry            几何学                

Lattice  distortion  晶格畸变

Solute    溶质↔ Solvent 溶剂

Stacking faults      堆垛层错

Solid solution固溶体

Substitutional 置换的↔ Interstitial间隙的

Misaligned: 错排的，mismatched

Magnification        放大倍数

Microscopy/microscope 显微镜

Microstructure       微观结构

Micro (微观的) ↔Macro （宏观的）

photomicrograph    显微照片

Optical microscope   (OM) 光学显微镜  

Scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)扫描电子显微镜

（High-resolution）Transmission electronmicroscope (TEM) （高分辨）透射电子显微镜

Scanning probe electronmicroscope (SPEM) 扫描电子探针显微镜

Weight percent  重量百分数↔Atom percent  原子百分数

Be subject (adj.) to sth:affected by 受…影响

Deliberately : onpurpose, intentionally 故意地↔randomly任意的

Result in: lead to/produce/make sth happen/cause 导致

Result from: cause by 起因

Alloying: 合金化

Solid solution: 固溶体

Intermetallic compound：中间化合物

Secondary phase： 第二相

Retained: keep/preserve/save 保留

Be analogical to:analogous/similar 类似的

Solute atoms 溶质原子

Solvent or host atoms ：溶剂原子或基体、晶格原子

挤压Mg-Li合金拉伸后微观组织（透镜状一次、二次孪晶）