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从气温、相对湿度换算水汽压力的表
张学文,2023 11 29
人们比较容易获得的大气状况数据是其温度与相对湿度。那么如何从这两种数据换算出它对应的水汽压力呢?下面给的表是我最近做的。它给出了气温在0-40(摄氏)相对湿度在100%-0% 所对应的水汽压力的值。大家很容易根据气温与相对湿度查到(函内插)对应的水汽压力的值(地面附近大气压力是1000百帕,表里的水汽压力也是相同的单位)
从气温(摄氏)与相对湿度%查算它们对应的水汽压力(百帕)表
相对湿度 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
气温值 | 饱和水汽压力 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 85 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 65 | 60 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 40 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
30 | 42.53 | 42.53 | 40.41 | 38.28 | 36.15 | 34.03 | 31.90 | 29.77 | 27.65 | 25.52 | 23.39 | 21.27 | 19.14 | 17.01 | 14.89 | 12.76 | 10.63 | 8.51 | 6.38 | 4.25 | 2.13 | 0.00 |
29 | 40.15 | 40.15 | 38.14 | 36.14 | 34.13 | 32.12 | 30.11 | 28.11 | 26.10 | 24.09 | 22.08 | 20.08 | 18.07 | 16.06 | 14.05 | 12.05 | 10.04 | 8.03 | 6.02 | 4.02 | 2.01 | 0.00 |
28 | 37.89 | 37.89 | 35.99 | 34.10 | 32.20 | 30.31 | 28.41 | 26.52 | 24.63 | 22.73 | 20.84 | 18.94 | 17.05 | 15.15 | 13.26 | 11.37 | 9.47 | 7.58 | 5.68 | 3.79 | 1.89 | 0.00 |
27 | 35.73 | 35.73 | 33.95 | 32.16 | 30.37 | 28.59 | 26.80 | 25.01 | 23.23 | 21.44 | 19.65 | 17.87 | 16.08 | 14.29 | 12.51 | 10.72 | 8.93 | 7.15 | 5.36 | 3.57 | 1.79 | 0.00 |
26 | 33.69 | 33.69 | 32.00 | 30.32 | 28.63 | 26.95 | 25.27 | 23.58 | 21.90 | 20.21 | 18.53 | 16.84 | 15.16 | 13.48 | 11.79 | 10.11 | 8.42 | 6.74 | 5.05 | 3.37 | 1.68 | 0.00 |
25 | 31.75 | 31.75 | 30.16 | 28.57 | 26.98 | 25.40 | 23.81 | 22.22 | 20.63 | 19.05 | 17.46 | 15.87 | 14.29 | 12.70 | 11.11 | 9.52 | 7.94 | 6.35 | 4.76 | 3.17 | 1.59 | 0.00 |
24 | 29.90 | 29.90 | 28.41 | 26.91 | 25.42 | 23.92 | 22.43 | 20.93 | 19.44 | 17.94 | 16.45 | 14.95 | 13.46 | 11.96 | 10.47 | 8.97 | 7.48 | 5.98 | 4.49 | 2.99 | 1.50 | 0.00 |
23 | 28.15 | 28.15 | 26.74 | 25.33 | 23.93 | 22.52 | 21.11 | 19.70 | 18.30 | 16.89 | 15.48 | 14.07 | 12.67 | 11.26 | 9.85 | 8.44 | 7.04 | 5.63 | 4.22 | 2.81 | 1.41 | 0.00 |
22 | 26.49 | 26.49 | 25.16 | 23.84 | 22.52 | 21.19 | 19.87 | 18.54 | 17.22 | 15.89 | 14.57 | 13.24 | 11.92 | 10.60 | 9.27 | 7.95 | 6.62 | 5.30 | 3.97 | 2.65 | 1.32 | 0.00 |
19 | 22.01 | 22.01 | 20.91 | 19.81 | 18.71 | 17.61 | 16.51 | 15.41 | 14.31 | 13.21 | 12.11 | 11.00 | 9.90 | 8.80 | 7.70 | 6.60 | 5.50 | 4.40 | 3.30 | 2.20 | 1.10 | 0.00 |
18 | 20.67 | 20.67 | 19.64 | 18.60 | 17.57 | 16.54 | 15.50 | 14.47 | 13.44 | 12.40 | 11.37 | 10.34 | 9.30 | 8.27 | 7.23 | 6.20 | 5.17 | 4.13 | 3.10 | 2.07 | 1.03 | 0.00 |
17 | 19.40 | 19.40 | 18.43 | 17.46 | 16.49 | 15.52 | 14.55 | 13.58 | 12.61 | 11.64 | 10.67 | 9.70 | 8.73 | 7.76 | 6.79 | 5.82 | 4.85 | 3.88 | 2.91 | 1.94 | 0.97 | 0.00 |
16 | 18.21 | 18.21 | 17.30 | 16.39 | 15.48 | 14.57 | 13.65 | 12.74 | 11.83 | 10.92 | 10.01 | 9.10 | 8.19 | 7.28 | 6.37 | 5.46 | 4.55 | 3.64 | 2.73 | 1.82 | 0.91 | 0.00 |
15 | 17.07 | 17.07 | 16.22 | 15.37 | 14.51 | 13.66 | 12.81 | 11.95 | 11.10 | 10.24 | 9.39 | 8.54 | 7.68 | 6.83 | 5.98 | 5.12 | 4.27 | 3.41 | 2.56 | 1.71 | 0.85 | 0.00 |
14 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 15.20 | 14.40 | 13.60 | 12.80 | 12.00 | 11.20 | 10.40 | 9.60 | 8.80 | 8.00 | 7.20 | 6.40 | 5.60 | 4.80 | 4.00 | 3.20 | 2.40 | 1.60 | 0.80 | 0.00 |
13 | 14.99 | 14.99 | 14.24 | 13.49 | 12.74 | 11.99 | 11.24 | 10.49 | 9.74 | 9.00 | 8.25 | 7.50 | 6.75 | 6.00 | 5.25 | 4.50 | 3.75 | 3.00 | 2.25 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.00 |
12 | 14.04 | 14.04 | 13.34 | 12.63 | 11.93 | 11.23 | 10.53 | 9.83 | 9.12 | 8.42 | 7.72 | 7.02 | 6.32 | 5.61 | 4.91 | 4.21 | 3.51 | 2.81 | 2.11 | 1.40 | 0.70 | 0.00 |
11 | 13.14 | 13.14 | 12.48 | 11.82 | 11.17 | 10.51 | 9.85 | 9.20 | 8.54 | 7.88 | 7.22 | 6.57 | 5.91 | 5.25 | 4.60 | 3.94 | 3.28 | 2.63 | 1.97 | 1.31 | 0.66 | 0.00 |
10 | 12.29 | 12.29 | 11.67 | 11.06 | 10.44 | 9.83 | 9.21 | 8.60 | 7.99 | 7.37 | 6.76 | 6.14 | 5.53 | 4.91 | 4.30 | 3.69 | 3.07 | 2.46 | 1.84 | 1.23 | 0.61 | 0.00 |
9 | 11.48 | 11.48 | 10.91 | 10.34 | 9.76 | 9.19 | 8.61 | 8.04 | 7.47 | 6.89 | 6.32 | 5.74 | 5.17 | 4.59 | 4.02 | 3.45 | 2.87 | 2.30 | 1.72 | 1.15 | 0.57 | 0.00 |
8 | 10.73 | 10.73 | 10.19 | 9.66 | 9.12 | 8.58 | 8.05 | 7.51 | 6.97 | 6.44 | 5.90 | 5.36 | 4.83 | 4.29 | 3.76 | 3.22 | 2.68 | 2.15 | 1.61 | 1.07 | 0.54 | 0.00 |
7 | 10.02 | 10.02 | 9.52 | 9.02 | 8.52 | 8.02 | 7.51 | 7.01 | 6.51 | 6.01 | 5.51 | 5.01 | 4.51 | 4.01 | 3.51 | 3.01 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 |
6 | 9.35 | 9.35 | 8.88 | 8.41 | 7.95 | 7.48 | 7.01 | 6.54 | 6.08 | 5.61 | 5.14 | 4.67 | 4.21 | 3.74 | 3.27 | 2.80 | 2.34 | 1.87 | 1.40 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 0.00 |
5 | 8.72 | 8.72 | 8.28 | 7.85 | 7.41 | 6.98 | 6.54 | 6.10 | 5.67 | 5.23 | 4.80 | 4.36 | 3.92 | 3.49 | 3.05 | 2.62 | 2.18 | 1.74 | 1.31 | 0.87 | 0.44 | 0.00 |
4 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 7.72 | 7.32 | 6.91 | 6.50 | 6.10 | 5.69 | 5.28 | 4.88 | 4.47 | 4.06 | 3.66 | 3.25 | 2.85 | 2.44 | 2.03 | 1.63 | 1.22 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.00 |
3 | 7.57 | 7.57 | 7.19 | 6.82 | 6.44 | 6.06 | 5.68 | 5.30 | 4.92 | 4.54 | 4.16 | 3.79 | 3.41 | 3.03 | 2.65 | 2.27 | 1.89 | 1.51 | 1.14 | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.00 |
2 | 7.05 | 7.05 | 6.70 | 6.35 | 5.99 | 5.64 | 5.29 | 4.94 | 4.58 | 4.23 | 3.88 | 3.53 | 3.17 | 2.82 | 2.47 | 2.12 | 1.76 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 0.71 | 0.35 | 0.00 |
1 | 6.56 | 6.56 | 6.23 | 5.90 | 5.58 | 5.25 | 4.92 | 4.59 | 4.26 | 3.94 | 3.61 | 3.28 | 2.95 | 2.62 | 2.30 | 1.97 | 1.64 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
0 | 6.10 | 6.10 | 5.80 | 5.49 | 5.19 | 4.88 | 4.58 | 4.27 | 3.97 | 3.66 | 3.36 | 3.05 | 2.75 | 2.44 | 2.14 | 1.83 | 1.53 | 1.22 | 0.92 | 0.61 | 0.31 | 0.00 |
100 | 95 | 90 | 85 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 65 | 60 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 40 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
低相对湿度部分
相对湿度 | ||||||||||
气温值 | 饱和水汽压力 | 100 | 95 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
30 | 42.53 | 42.53 | 40.41 | 12.76 | 10.63 | 8.51 | 6.38 | 4.25 | 2.13 | 0.00 |
29 | 40.15 | 40.15 | 38.14 | 12.05 | 10.04 | 8.03 | 6.02 | 4.02 | 2.01 | 0.00 |
28 | 37.89 | 37.89 | 35.99 | 11.37 | 9.47 | 7.58 | 5.68 | 3.79 | 1.89 | 0.00 |
27 | 35.73 | 35.73 | 33.95 | 10.72 | 8.93 | 7.15 | 5.36 | 3.57 | 1.79 | 0.00 |
26 | 33.69 | 33.69 | 32.00 | 10.11 | 8.42 | 6.74 | 5.05 | 3.37 | 1.68 | 0.00 |
25 | 31.75 | 31.75 | 30.16 | 9.52 | 7.94 | 6.35 | 4.76 | 3.17 | 1.59 | 0.00 |
24 | 29.90 | 29.90 | 28.41 | 8.97 | 7.48 | 5.98 | 4.49 | 2.99 | 1.50 | 0.00 |
23 | 28.15 | 28.15 | 26.74 | 8.44 | 7.04 | 5.63 | 4.22 | 2.81 | 1.41 | 0.00 |
22 | 26.49 | 26.49 | 25.16 | 7.95 | 6.62 | 5.30 | 3.97 | 2.65 | 1.32 | 0.00 |
19 | 22.01 | 22.01 | 20.91 | 6.60 | 5.50 | 4.40 | 3.30 | 2.20 | 1.10 | 0.00 |
18 | 20.67 | 20.67 | 19.64 | 6.20 | 5.17 | 4.13 | 3.10 | 2.07 | 1.03 | 0.00 |
17 | 19.40 | 19.40 | 18.43 | 5.82 | 4.85 | 3.88 | 2.91 | 1.94 | 0.97 | 0.00 |
16 | 18.21 | 18.21 | 17.30 | 5.46 | 4.55 | 3.64 | 2.73 | 1.82 | 0.91 | 0.00 |
15 | 17.07 | 17.07 | 16.22 | 5.12 | 4.27 | 3.41 | 2.56 | 1.71 | 0.85 | 0.00 |
14 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 15.20 | 4.80 | 4.00 | 3.20 | 2.40 | 1.60 | 0.80 | 0.00 |
13 | 14.99 | 14.99 | 14.24 | 4.50 | 3.75 | 3.00 | 2.25 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.00 |
12 | 14.04 | 14.04 | 13.34 | 4.21 | 3.51 | 2.81 | 2.11 | 1.40 | 0.70 | 0.00 |
11 | 13.14 | 13.14 | 12.48 | 3.94 | 3.28 | 2.63 | 1.97 | 1.31 | 0.66 | 0.00 |
10 | 12.29 | 12.29 | 11.67 | 3.69 | 3.07 | 2.46 | 1.84 | 1.23 | 0.61 | 0.00 |
9 | 11.48 | 11.48 | 10.91 | 3.45 | 2.87 | 2.30 | 1.72 | 1.15 | 0.57 | 0.00 |
8 | 10.73 | 10.73 | 10.19 | 3.22 | 2.68 | 2.15 | 1.61 | 1.07 | 0.54 | 0.00 |
7 | 10.02 | 10.02 | 9.52 | 3.01 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 |
6 | 9.35 | 9.35 | 8.88 | 2.80 | 2.34 | 1.87 | 1.40 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 0.00 |
5 | 8.72 | 8.72 | 8.28 | 2.62 | 2.18 | 1.74 | 1.31 | 0.87 | 0.44 | 0.00 |
4 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 7.72 | 2.44 | 2.03 | 1.63 | 1.22 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.00 |
3 | 7.57 | 7.57 | 7.19 | 2.27 | 1.89 | 1.51 | 1.14 | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.00 |
2 | 7.05 | 7.05 | 6.70 | 2.12 | 1.76 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 0.71 | 0.35 | 0.00 |
1 | 6.56 | 6.56 | 6.23 | 1.97 | 1.64 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
0 | 6.10 | 6.10 | 5.80 | 1.83 | 1.53 | 1.22 | 0.92 | 0.61 | 0.31 | 0.00 |
以上的表是基于饱和水汽的公式(它是气温的函数)。我这里采取的气温与饱和水汽压力计算公式来自商务印书馆出版的气象学教程1954年(第2册460页的公式24‘ 其有关常数可能比较旧)。欢迎大家提供新参数。其水汽压力的单位应当是百帕。
其计算饱和水汽压力的公式是(t 表示摄氏气温的值,E 是对应的水汽压力)
E=6.1*10^((7.45*t)/(235+t)) |
利用相对湿度与饱和水汽压力的值E 相乘就获得了对应于该气温该相对湿度下的水汽压力(百帕)的值。
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