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Graphene nanoribbons have important electronic properties — as their width increases they change from semiconductor to semi-metal — but it has been difficult to make large quantities. To do so, Tour et al. simply longitudinally unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes with permanganate in acid to form graphene oxide, which is then reduced to restore electronic conductivity. The ribbons are about 100 nm wide (thinner ones tend to 'mat'), and the authors use them to make field-effect transistors.
Dmitry V. Kosynkin, Amanda L. Higginbotham, Alexander Sinitskii, Jay R. Lomeda, Ayrat Dimiev, B. Katherine Price & James M. Tour
:10.1038/nature07872:10.1038/nature07872
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Unlike graphene itself, or carbon nanotubes, very narrow nanoribbons of graphene are completely semiconducting. Dai and colleagues reliably produce bulk quantities of sub-10 nm graphene nanoribbons by partial encapsulation of carbon nanotubes in a polymer. The exposed part of the nanotube can be cut by plasma etching, so that the nanotube unzips when the polymer is removed, leaving a very thin strip of graphene.
Liying Jiao, Li Zhang, Xinran Wang, Georgi Diankov & Hongjie Dai
:10.1038/nature07919:10.1038/nature07919
First paragraph | Full Text | (4,780K) (4,780K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Terrones
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