Fluorescence probes for lung carcinoma diagnosis and clinical application

Xiaoyu Zhang【张晓玉】† ^ab, Feifei Yu【于飞飞】† ^ad, Zhenkai Wang【王振凯】† ^ad, Tongmeng Jiang【蒋童蒙】 ^ad, Xinyu Song 【宋新宇】*^c and Fabiao Yu 【于法标】*^ad
aKey Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China. E-mail: yufabiao@hainmc.edu.cn
^bDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
^cState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou 510120, China. E-mail: songxinyu@stu.gzhmu.edu.cn
^dKey Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China

Received 1st February 2023 , Accepted 13th June 2023

First published on 15th June 2023

Abstract

Lung carcinoma is the largest cause of mortality globally, making it the biggest public health issue and a significant barrier to extending human life expectancy. The specific etiology and production process of lung carcinoma are not yet known, and it has a relatively complex and multi-stage occurrence. Early detection and treatment of lung carcinoma can greatly improve the five-year survival rate. Because pre-carcinomatous tumors are small and uncharacteristic in form, early carcinomas are challenging to immediately diagnose with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray photography, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), or ultrasonography (US). In order to capitalize on the particular characteristics of carcinoma, methods that can emphasize the molecular distinction between carcinoma and healthy tissue are desperately needed. With the development of bioimaging technology, fluorescent probes present a potential solution to this clinical problem. Fluorescent probes have been considered to be effective chemistry tools for achieving early detection and identification of tumor lesions, because molecular imaging technology can explicitly illustrate lesion boundary information during surgery. Fluorescent probes can also qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the lesion state at the cellular and molecular levels in the living body. This review will cover and provide an overview of the most recent developments in fluorescence probe technology for the accurate detection and clinical therapy of lung carcinoma. We anticipate that this review will serve as a spark for the development of intelligent molecular fluorescent probes for lung carcinoma clinical image-guided surgery and imaging diagnosis.