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2008:诺奖得主仙逝八

已有 3684 次阅读 2009-2-4 13:24 |个人分类:消息场|系统分类:人物纪事|关键词:学者| 诺贝尔奖, 得主

　　　2008年度中，故去的诺贝尔奖得主有八个。

名单见参考文献。其中有科学奖得主，也有文学奖得主。

他们都是文化精英，名字将不朽。无论他们生前是否非常

出名，是否非常富贵。

News from Nobelprize.org

January 30, 2009

As well as being a time of new beginnings, the start of the year is a moment for looking back, reflecting on what came to pass in the previous year. This newsletter focuses on the eight Nobel Laureates who died during 2008. Some of them will be familiar, and I daresay some you will never have heard of before. But all made significant contributions to the "benefit of mankind", and you can get to know each one a little better through Nobelprize.org.

The eight Laureates listed below had rather differing amounts of time to enjoy their Laureate status, from just a few months in the case of Leonid Hurwicz, to over 50 years for Thomas Weller and Willis Lamb. Of the 789 individuals who have so far been made Laureates, 285, or around 36%, are currently living.

As we near the end of January, and the close of the nominations for 2009, thoughts turn to who will be awarded Nobel Prizes next December. For those wanting to know more about the selection process, a succinct description of how it works in each discipline can be found on Nobelprize.org (see, for instance, the process for the Nobel Prize in Physics).

Adam Smith
Editor-in-Chief

LEONID HURWICZ
At the age of 90, Leonid Hurwicz was the oldest person ever to become a Laureate when he was awarded the Prize in Economics, together with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson, in 2007. Nobel Media's short film portrait of the three of them introduces us to the man they call the "father" of mechanism design theory.
Watch the video portrait »

HAROLD PINTER
When Harold Pinter was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005 he was too ill to travel to Stockholm, so he gave his Nobel Lecture via video from London. The subject of much discussion at the time because of its overtly political message, this lecture ranks among one of the most viewed pieces of video on Nobelprize.org.
Watch the lecture »

D. CARLETON GAJDUSEK
Many science Laureates recall how important it was for their development as scientists to be able to take a few risks during childhood experiments. Carleton Gajdusek, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Baruch Blumberg, was no exception, describing in his autobiography how "I had problems with my teachers for carrying to school insect-killing jars, correctly labeled 'Poison: potassium cyanide'".
Read Gajdusek's autobiography »

GEORGE E. PALADE
Romanian-born George Palade carefully charts the makings of a successful scientific career in his autobiography, written in 1974, the year he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on cell biology, together with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve.
Read Palade's autobiography »

ALEXANDR SOLZHENITSYN
Having been awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature, Solzhenitsyn's path to Stockholm was plagued by barriers. Upon finally appearing to give his banquet speech, he apologized to the assembled company that they had "probably never had as much bother with anyone as they have had with me." A short recording of that speech (in Russian) is preserved, alongside the full text in either English or Russian.
Read, or listen to, the banquet speech »

JOSHUA LEDERBERG
Another classic banquet speech was that given in 1958 by Joshua Lederberg, one of that year's Medicine Laureates. In particularly elegant phrasing, he stressed the potential danger of singling out individual researchers in the face of "the webs of interdependence of each investigator in the global community of scientific research". When reading it, bear in mind he was just 33 when he got the prize!
Read Lederberg's banquet speech »

WILLIS E. LAMB
Nobel Lectures in Physics can make daunting reading for the non-specialist, but past lectures can reveal how science goes in phases. Nowadays everyone's waiting for high energy physicists to come up with the next new particle, but things were different when Willis Lamb gave his lecture in 1955, where he joked that "the finder of a new elementary particle used to be rewarded by a Nobel Prize, but such discovery now ought to be punished by a $10,000 fine".
Read Lamb's short, and accessible, lecture »

THOMAS H. WELLER
People sometimes remark on the fact that no Nobel Prize was given for the creation of the polio vaccine. One was, however, awarded in 1954 to Thomas Weller, along with John Enders and Frederick Robbins, for the basic research in virology that then made the subsequent vaccine development possible. That work, and its contribution, is well described in the presentation speech.
Read the presentation speech »

THE NOBEL FOUNDATION
A private institution established in 1900, based on the will of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Foundation manages the assets made available through the will for the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace, and administers informational activities and arrangements surrounding the presentation of the Nobel Prize.

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