德裔美籍生物学家

马克斯·德尔布吕克（1906~1981），德裔美籍生物学家，他与美国生物学家阿尔弗雷德·德·赫希（Alfred Day Hershey）以及萨尔瓦多·爱德华·鲁利亚（Salvador Edward Luria）共同获得了1969年的诺贝尔生理学-医学奖。德尔布吕克是研究噬菌体（bacteriophages）（攻击细菌的病毒）的先驱，因而获得这一奖项。这一研究在某种程度上以噬菌体的遗传机能为重点。德尔布吕克的研究引导其他科学家发现构成活生物体细胞内基因的DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）的结构和重要性。

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B/3314705

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4903832/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4903832/

summary-DelbruckMP-set.txt

http://www.pubmedplus.cn/P/SearchQuickResult?wd=0bfd34fe-2511-4163-bc1a-2816d4b37a4c

No abstract available

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Publication types

• Biography

• Historical Article

MeSH terms

• Bacteriophages / physiology*

• Coliphages / physiology*

• DNA

• History of Medicine

• In Vitro Techniques

• Medicine*

• Microscopy, Electron

• Nobel Prize*

• Physiology*

• RNA

Substances

• RNA

• DNA

Personal name as subject

• M Delbruck

• A D Hershey

• S E Luria

Related information

• PubChem Compound (MeSH Keyword)

Abstract

The existence of infectious agents smaller than bacteria was demonstrated already during the 1890s. After this discovery it took more than 50 years before a resilient definition of viruses could be given. There were separate developments of knowledge concerning plant viruses, bacterial viruses and animal viruses. In the mid-1930s, Wendell Stanley at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research at Princeton described the purification and crystallization of tobacco mosaic virus. The finding of an "infectious protein" led to him receiving a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946. In studies initiated at the end of the 1930s, bacteriophages were used as a model for replicating genes. They led to important insights into the unique characteristics of virus-cell interactions. However, an understanding of the chemical nature of animal virus particles and their mode of replication was slow in coming. Not until the early 1950s did tissue culture techniques become available, which allowed studies also of an extended number of animal viruses. This article discusses the emergence of concepts which eventually allowed a description of viruses. The unique real-time analyses of the state of knowledge provided by the Nobel Prize archives were used in the investigation. These archives remain secret for 50 years. Besides all of the underlying documents of the Prize to Stanley, comprehensive investigations made in the mid 1950s of Seymour E. Cohen, Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador D. Luria (the latter three received a Prize in Medicine in 1969) and of André Lwoff (he shared a Prize in Medicine with Francois Jacob and Jaques Monod in 1965) were reviewed. The final phase of the evolution of our understanding of the virus concept closely paralleled the eventual insight into the chemical nature of the genetic material. Understanding the principle nature of barriers to the development of new concepts is of timeless value for fostering and facilitating new discoveries in science.

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Publication types

• Review

MeSH terms

• Animals

• Archives

• Awards and Prizes*

• Chemical Phenomena

• Chemistry

• Concept Formation*

• Humans

• Nobel Prize

• Plant Diseases / virology

• Science

• Virus Cultivation

• Virus Diseases / virology

• Virus Physiological Phenomena*

• Viruses* / genetics

• Viruses* / growth & development

• Viruses* / isolation & purification

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• MedGen

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• Springer