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▲ Vol 05 Issue 04 | October, 2022
Recent Progress of Metal Organic Frameworks-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution, and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Yaling Jia, Ziqian Xue, Yinle Li, Guangqin Li
Exploring efficient and cost-saving electrocatalysts is essential to the renewable energy storage and utilization, which is still in its embryonic period. MOFs have drawn tremendous attention due to their adjustability, abundant active sites, and plentiful pores. Notably, satisfactory electrocatalytic performance has been achieved by MOFs-based electrocatalysts comparable to traditional electrocatalysts. State-of-the-art works about the MOFs-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and ORR were summarized in this review. This review comprises a series of modifying strategies of MOFs and their derivatives, from aspects of structure, composition, and morphology. Furthermore, the active sites and functional mechanisms’ recognition are involved in this review expecting to provide reference for rationally designing efficient electrocatalysts. At last, the current status, challenges, and perspectives of MOFs-based electrocatalysts are also discussed.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eem2.12290
▲ Vol 32 Issue 43 | October 01, 2022
Immunostimulant In Situ Hydrogel Improves Synergetic Radioimmunotherapy of Malignant Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection
Shuo Sun, Wei Gu, Haisi Wu, Qianqian Zhao, Shiyu Qian, Hong Xiao, Kun Yang, Jian Liu, Yu Jin, Chupeng Hu, Ye Gao, Huae Xu, Hongyi Liu, Jing Ji, Yun Chen
Flexible Optoelectronics
In article number 2205038, Huae Xu, Hongyi Liu, Jing Ji, Yun Chen, and co-workers present an injectable, reactive oxygen species-responsive therapeutic hydrogel (ADU-AAV-PD1@Gel), capable of sustained local release of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and STING agonist ADU-S100. The ADU-AAV-PD1@Gel combined with radiotherapy generates a robust antitumor immune response and induces long-term immune memory to prevent glioblastoma recurrence.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202270246
▲ Vol 12 Issue 16 | October 03, 2022
TCA-phospholipid-glycolysis targeted triple therapy effectively suppresses ATP production and tumor growth in glioblastoma
Shixue Yang, Jixing Zhao, Xiaoteng Cui, Qi Zhan, Kaikai Yi, Qixue Wang, Menglin Xiao, Yanli Tan, Biao Hong, Chuan Fang, Chunsheng Kang
Rationale: Glioblastoma (GBM) displays a complex metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the central mediators of cell metabolism and signaling. GBM cells generate ATP by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the breaking-down of pyruvate or fatty acids to meet the growing energy demand of cancer cells. Therefore, it's urgent to develop novel treatments targeting energy metabolism to hinder tumor cell proliferation in GBM.
Methods: Non-targeted metabolomic profiling analysis was utilized to evaluate cell metabolic reprogramming using a small molecule inhibitor (SMI) EPIC-0412 treatment. Cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the total proton efflux rate (PER), as well as ATP concentration, were tracked to study metabolic responses to specifically targeted inhibitors, including EPIC-0412, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), and 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Cancer cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 measurements and colony formation assay. Additionally, flow cytometry, immunoblotting (IB), and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were performed with GBM cells to understand their tumorigenic properties under treatments. Finally, the anticancer effects of this combination therapy were evaluated in the GBM mouse model by convection-enhanced delivery (CED).
Results: We found that SMI EPIC-0412 could effectively perturb the TCA cycle, which participated in the combination therapy of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-inhibitor AACOCF3, and hexokinase II (HK2)-inhibitor 2-DG to disrupt the GBM energy metabolism for targeted metabolic treatments. ATP production was significantly declined in glioma cells when treated with monotherapy (EPIC-0412 or AACOCF3), dual therapy (EPIC-0412 + AACOCF3), or triple therapy (EPIC-0412 + AACOCF3 +2-DG) regimen. Our experiments revealed that these therapies hindered glioma cell proliferation and growth, leading to the reduction in ATP production and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. We demonstrated that the combination therapy effectively extended the survival of cerebral tumor-bearing mice.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the TCA-phospholipid-glycolysis metabolism axis can be blocked by specific inhibitors that significantly disrupt the tumor energy metabolism and suppress tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting ATP synthesis inhibition in cancer cells might be an attractive therapeutic avenue in GBM management.
Keywords: glioblastoma, ATP production, energy metabolism, convection-enhanced delivery.
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静远嘲风(MY Scimage) 成立于2007年,嘲风取自中国传统文化中龙生九子,子子不同的传说,嘲风为守护屋脊之瑞兽,喜登高望远;静远取自成语“宁静致远”,登高莫忘初心,远观而不可务远。
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