诺贝尔物理学奖获得者中师承效应量化研究

张志强1 门伟莉1，2  

（1.中国科学院资源环境科学信息中心/中国科学院国家科学图书馆兰州分馆，兰州 730000；2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049）

摘 要: 研究杰出科技创新人才的培养、成才规律，对完善人才培养机制、促进人才培养重要的意义。对1901-2012年间诺贝尔物理学奖获得者中的师承效应进行量化研究。研究发现，是否有诺奖得主指导与未来获奖者“研究工作属性”的关系不显著；但与未来获奖者“最高学位获得年龄”、“获奖成果产生年龄”和“获奖年龄”之间呈显著负相关。进一步研究后发现，“师生关系步长”与未－来获奖者的各项指标在0.01水平上显著相关：师生研究工作属性呈显著正相关，相关性系数为 0.170；师生关系步长与其他三项指标呈显著负相关，相关系数分别为―0.132，―0.462和―0.356：师承效应每延长一代，未来获奖者“最高学位获得年龄”、“获奖成果产生年龄”和“获奖年龄”的均值分别降低 0.274岁， 2.557岁和2.892岁。诺贝尔物理学奖得主间师承关系的定量分析凸显了名师对创新人才成长的重要性：一位杰出的科研导师，可以显著的缩短其指导的研究生接受新知识、做出重大创新成果、获得学术认可所需要的时间。

关键词：名师效应；诺贝尔物理学奖获得者；成果产出年龄；获奖年龄；最高学位关系年龄；师生关系链；师生关系步长

Quantified Research on the Effects of Accomplished Teacher in Nobel Prize Winners in Physics

ZhAND Zhiqiang1  MEN Weili1,2

(1. Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment / Lanzhou Branch of National Science Library，Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000；

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 )

Abstract: When studied on effects of accomplished teacher in Nobel prize winners between 1901 and 2012, we discovered that whether or not under a Nobel laureate tutor is not significant correlated with the attribute of  the research works of the future prize winner，but significantly negative correlated with the age of the prize obtained, the age of highest educational degree obtained  and the age of the research discovery obtained of the future Nobel laureate. After further research, we confirmed that the length of relationship between the students and their tutors in Nobel prize winners (Length(S-T) in short) and the four primary indicators above are highly correlated on 0.01 level. To the first indicator，the correlation is 0.170，a high positive correlation. For the last three (the age of the prize obtained, the age of highest educational degree obtained and the age of the research discovery obtained of the future laureate),the figures would decrease 0.274 years，2.557 years and 2.892 years respectively with every extension of Length(S-T) .By contrast to many related research which indicated that Nobel winners, the age of the research discovery obtained, the age of highest educational degree obtained and the age of the prize obtained are all stable increasing with time ,our analysis also implied a time variable but the conclusion totally opposite highlights our Final Analysis Conclusion. In other words，under an accomplished tutor ,the future Nobel laureates could get their highest diploma ,their great research achievements and the Nobel prize for less time.

Key words: Effects of Accomplished Tutor; Nobel Prize Winners In Physics; the age of the research discovery obtained; the age of highest educational degree obtained; the age of the prize obtained; Length of Tutor-Student Chains; Tutor-Student Chains

该文发表于《情报学报》2014年33卷第9期 926-935