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- 从量纲分析的角度，机械强度与弹性模量的单位均为Pa，力除以作用面积， 即能量密度=单原子总键能除以该原子的体积（键长的三次方）.
- 力是(键) 能量的梯度。应力源于原子配位缺陷造成的局域自发应变，即键长收缩变强。
- 少量缺陷反而增强机械强度（基泰尔， 固体物理）。唯有键能增强键长缩短才能适用上述情况。缺陷即是断裂源头又是能量扎钉中心。两者竞争决定机械强度。
Mesoscopic thermomechanics: LBA, Progress in Materials Science 54 (2009) 179–30
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ecqsun/rtf/jpms-02.pdf
Nanocavity strengthening: Impact of the broken bonds at the negativelycurved surfaces， JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 103, 084317 2008
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ecqsun/rtf/JAp-nanocavity.pdf
Inverse Hall-Petch relationship of nanostructured TiO2: Skin-depth energy pinning versus surface preferential melting, J APPL PHYS 108, 073503 (2010)
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ecqsun/rtf/JAP-HP.pdf
Impact of Bond Order Loss on Surface and Nanosolid Mechanics, J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 415-423
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ecqsun/rtf/JPCB-HP.pdf
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