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挑战:水是一切生命的起源。具有最简单的构成,最富有,最少被认知,可测物性皆反常。 根据《科学》杂志报道,水的结构(物性)是人类面临的125个最具挑战性课题之一。
拟答:密度反常?冰在水中浮起?冰表面超滑?水的结构?水的高热容?冰不易压缩?盐碱降解?高压使冰的相变温度降低?单层水分子吸附或毛细管中的水显示类冰的特性?热致高频声子蓝移?目前已观察到70多种反常待解特性。
验解: 将氢键“O-H:O”进行“主-从”分段并考虑电子对间的库伦排斥作用和各分断的力学和热力学的非对称性,通过在改变压强,温度,团簇分子数目对键长和键角的解析计算并对键的刚度的拉曼测量重现水和冰的如下反常特性并得到系统的认知:
Sun, C.Q., X. Zhang, and W.T. Zheng, Hidden force opposing ice compression. Chem Sci, 2012. 3: 1455-1460.
Sun, C.Q., et al., Undercoordination-driven real-bond contraction and the inter-electron-pair repulsion stiffening molecular clusters, surface skins, and ultrathin films of water. communicated, 2012.
Sun, C.Q., et al., Inter-electron-pair repulsion and the segmental thermodynamic disparity of the master-slave-segmented H bond resolving water-ice densities. communicated, 2012.
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