最新研究报道 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/health/2010-04/02/c_13234402.htm LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- Anxiety may modify depression for better or for worse, indicating a link between the two, U.S. researchers suggest. By using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), researchers at the University of Illinois looked at brain activity in subjects who were depressed and not anxious, anxious but not depressed, or who exhibited varying degrees of depression and one or both types of anxiety. The researchers took into account two types of anxiety: anxious arousal, the fearful vigilance that sometimes turns into panic; and anxious apprehension, better known as worry. http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/4?WEB0m67ovw19fuinI3I1I00f01000j100200010 anxiety and depression and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 329 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 Top Years Publications 2008 55 2009 49 2007 36 2006 32 2005 27 2004 23 2003 23 2001 19 2002 18 2010 12 2000 8 1996 5 1999 4 1995 4 1998 3 1993 3 1997 2 1988 2 1994 1 1991 1 1 2 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 126 United Kingdom 37 Germany 23 Italy 22 Australia 17 Japan 13 Canada 12 France 11 Netherlands 10 Brazil 7 Spain 5 Switzerland 4 Turkey 4 South Korea 3 Israel 3 China 3 Austria 2 Norway 2 Hungary 2 South Africa 2 1 2 1 2 3 ... 7 Top Cities Publications Bethesda 21 New York 14 London 14 Oxford 10 Trieste 9 Boston 8 Melbourne 7 San Antonio 7 Los Angeles 6 Ann Arbor 5 Toronto 5 Pittsburgh 5 Rome 5 Montreal 4 So Paulo 4 Freiburg 4 San Diego 4 Baltimore 4 Amsterdam 4 Grenoble 3 1 2 3 ... 7 1 2 3 ... 9 Top Journals Publications Biol Psychiat 18 Neuroimage 10 Psychiat Res 8 Am J Psychiat 8 Arch Gen Psychiat 8 Biol Psychiatry 7 Neuropsychopharmacol 7 Cns Spectr 6 Encephale 5 Epilepsia 5 Depress Anxiety 5 J Neurol Neurosur Ps 5 J Affect Disord 4 Mol Psychiatry 4 J Neurol 4 Neuropsychologia 3 J Clin Psychiatry 3 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 3 Arch Gen Psychiatry 3 Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 3 1 2 3 ... 9 1 2 3 ... 83 Top Terms Publications Magnetic Resonance Imaging 317 Humans 303 Depression 286 Anxiety 277 Patients 207 Adult 197 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 178 Middle Aged 147 Brain 122 Anxiety Disorders 92 Depressive Disorder 79 Evaluation Studies as Topic 75 Diagnosis 73 Neuropsychological Tests 72 Amygdala 69 Adolescent 67 amygdala development 65 Aged 64 Emotions 60 Depressive Disorder, Major 52 1 2 3 ... 83 1 2 3 ... 91 Top Authors Publications Drevets W 10 Charney D 9 Cazzato G 8 Pine D 7 Nugent A 6 Zivadinov R 6 Zorzon M 6 Brammer M 5 Rauch S 5 Bain E 5 Luckenbaugh D 5 Nasuelli D 5 Bratina A 5 Ukmar M 5 Cowen P 4 Wen W 4 Carson R 4 Soares J 4 Hatch J 4 Sachdev P 4 1 2 3 ... 91
正如我前面blog提到的,心情烦躁的时候,有些人就爱用零食来作替代发泄。一个明显的结果就是会反复变胖。 我以前的blog在这里: 反复变肥?大脑为避免负面情绪和焦虑强迫进食! 最近墨尔本大学Jacka的研究,把这个问题进一步严重化。他们发现,20岁至93岁女性中,情绪紊乱症状相当普遍。而跟踪调查显示,她们饮食结构多以西方式饮食为主。主要是些加工、精制以及高脂肪食品,如汉堡、匹萨、薯条、牛肉以及多糖食物等。这些食物容易引起情绪紊乱。与初加工食品,它们引起情绪紊乱的几率甚至高出50%。还是应了句广告语: 多吃蔬菜瓜果好! 他们的研究发表在《American Journal of Psychiatry》,研究提示,受抑郁与焦虑困扰的女性应注意日常饮食结构,彻底告别加工食品。 原文信息: Am J Psychiatry January 4, 2010 Association of Western and Traditional Diets With Depression and Anxiety in Women Jacka et al. Objective: Key biological factors that influence the development of depression are modified by diet. This study examined the extent to which the high-prence mental disorders are related to habitual diet in 1,046 women ages 2093 years randomly selected from the population. Method: A diet quality score was derived from answers to a food frequency questionnaire, and a factor analysis identified habitual dietary patterns. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to measure psychological symptoms, and a structured clinical interview was used to assess current depressive and anxiety disorders. Results: After adjustments for age, socioeconomic status, education, and health behaviors, a traditional dietary pattern characterized by vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, and whole grains was associated with lower odds for major depression or dysthymia and for anxiety disorders. A western diet of processed or fried foods, refined grains, sugary products, and beer was associated with a higher GHQ-12 score. There was also an inverse association between diet quality score and GHQ-12 score that was not confounded by age, socioeconomic status, education, or other health behaviors. Conclusions: These results demonstrate an association between habitual diet quality and the high-prence mental disorders, although reverse causality and confounding cannot be ruled out as explanations. Further prospective studies are warranted.
德国失去了一位优秀的足球门将罗伯特恩克死于自杀。听到这则新闻的时候,我正好和朋友们坐在一间酒吧聊天。顿时整个厅里安静下来,人们面面相觑,都被这突然的消息惊呆了,无法理解,人人都在问,为什么?但是没有人可以知道为什么,因为死者已矣,你无法再从他口中得知。 我对这个事件的了解主要来自于发表于11月16日的《明镜周刊》的一篇文章Er hielt sich nicht mehr aus (《他再也受不了了》) ,看完全文,才觉得这个题目非常贴切,一个守门员应当坚强冷静得经受住对方的射球,而一个自杀者,则是忍受不住了活着才选择死亡。自杀对于这样的性格与这样的职业选择是否是必然呢? 恩克的父亲是一位心理治疗师,却无法打开自己儿子的心扉。这不奇怪,一个决定自杀的人,可以骗过自己的心理医生,自己的妻子,父亲,朋友。旁人一点办法都没有。关于自杀的研究是如此难以进行,因为永远无法搜集到可靠的数据 。老恩克口中的罗伯特,从小就内向,不愿意说出自己的心情。六岁的时候,就连因为矫正牙齿而难过的心情都不说出口。同样,后来他因为在西班牙和伊斯坦布尔的系列失败造成的抑郁症的困扰,都不愿意公开。连续好多年,罗伯特害怕自己再次失败,害怕自己失去国家队的位置。他在心中渐渐形成了这样一种逻辑:只许成功,不许失败;如果我不是最好的,那我就是最差的。然而守门员的职责正如此残酷。人们总是希望守门员能够万无一失。罗伯特在Barcelona的失败,队友公开指责他;在Fenerbahe的失败,5万球迷向他扔钱币和炮仗。面对这样的压力,叫人如何坚强?反过来想想,在众望所归的体育界宣布患有抑郁症无异于自我否定。一个例子,当昔日的德国灵魂中场代斯勒终于鼓足勇气宣布自己患有抑郁症的时候,却被恶意骂成是软蛋 (Weichei)。罗伯特的死,不但让足球界意识到球员心理健康的重要性,还在德国引起一场关于抑郁症的讨论。 德国的心理治疗系统已经非常发达,主要的治疗方法都已经得到了公费医疗保险的支持。然而据估计,也只有三分之一的人获得恰当的诊断,只有百分之六到九的人获得相应的治疗。这里有许多原因,比如很多医生对抑郁症缺乏认识,又比如患者犹豫是否要寻求公费帮助(这意味着工作单位了解到病情),等等。令人吃惊的是,在欧洲,抑郁症造成的死亡人数已经超过了艾滋病,药物成瘾以及交通事故的总和。抑郁症在中国的危害也同样不容乐观。研究生自杀也好,海归摆地摊也好,这些都是高等教育人群中的个别现象。所以,当我读到有些人影射这些现象背后的社会政策问题时,不免觉得有些不得要点。要使这样的状况得到改善,最重要的一点还是提高整个社会层面对精神疾病的认识与宽容。因而,名人对抑郁症的坦然自述无疑起到很好的作用,如代斯勒,也如中国的名嘴崔永元。任何疾病只有坦承才能有效治疗,但愿有一天,人们说我得了抑郁症,就如同说我得了感冒那样从容。 参考文献: Biermann, C., von Bredow, R., et al., (2009). Er hielt sich nicht mehr aus, der Spiegel, 47 . http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-67768148.html Comer, R.J. (2001). Klinische Psychologie. Heidelberg; Berlin: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.