2012 年,罗马尼亚科学院机器人研究室主任LuigeVladareanu教授来广州学习、研究可拓学,与可拓学创始人蔡文研究员签订了国际协议,由LuigeVladareanu教授、蔡文研究员、杨春燕研究员和李卫华教授等合作研究可拓学在机器人领域的应用。其后,合作项目“The Extended Hybrid Force-Position Control of the Robotic Systems”申报了罗马尼亚的专利,于2014年参加了日内瓦国际发明博览会,获得了金奖,其后又获得了俄罗斯联邦奖。 该项目引入了可拓学处理矛盾问题的方法和程序,处理搬运机器人使用时力和位移的矛盾,并用关联函数进行定量计算,使机器人在搬运重物的过程中安全、稳定。
Call for Papers --------- ISAmI 2015 - CFP --------- 6th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence University of Salamanca (Spain) 3th-5th June, 2015 isami.usal.es SCOPE Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a recent paradigm emerging from Artificial Intelligence (AI), where computers are used as proactive tools assisting people with their day-to-day activities, making everyone’s life more comfortable. Another main concern of AmI originates from the human computer interaction domain and focuses on offering ways to interact with systems in a more natural way by means user friendly interfaces. This field is evolving quickly as can be witnessed by the emerging natural language and gesture based types of interaction. The inclusion of computational power and communication technologies in everyday objects is growing and their embedding into our environments should be as invisible as possible. In order for AmI to be successful, human interaction with computing power and embedded systems in the surroundings should be smooth and happen without people actually noticing it. The only awareness people should have arises from AmI: more safety, comfort and wellbeing, emerging in a natural and inherent way. ISAmI is the International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, aiming to bring together researchers from various disciplines that constitute the scientific field of Ambient Intelligence to present and discuss the latest results, new ideas, projects and lessons learned. Brand new ideas will be greatly appreciated as well as relevant revisions and actualizations of previously presented work, project summaries and PhD thesis. ISAmI 2015 will be held at the University of Salamanca, Spain. This symposium will be organized by the Bioinformatic, Intelligent System and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite.usal.es) of the University of Salamanca. CALL FOR GRANTS/AWARDS The BISITE research group ( http://bisite.usal.es ) of the University of Salamanca, organiser of PAAMS 2015, offers 40 grants/awards to facilitate the attendance to doctoral and young doctors both to the event itself (including Workshops and Special Sessions) and to the parallel collocated events. More information: http://www.paams.net/grants IMPORTANT DATES Submission dates 12th January, 2015 Notification date 23rd February, 2015 Paper ready deadline 9th March, 2015 Conference dates 3th-5th June, 2015 PUBLICATION All accepted papers will be published in a special volume of Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing (Springer), indexed by ISI Proceedings, DBLP and Springerlink, among others. At least one of the authors will be required to register and attend the symposium to present the paper in order to include the paper in the conference proceedings. All accepted papers will be published by Springer Verlag. At least one of the authors will be required to register and attend the symposium to present the paper in order to include the paper in the conference proceedings. More: http://isami.usal.es/contributions TOPICS The topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Applications Ambient Assisted Living Ubiquitous Computing Artificial Intelligence for AmI Distributed Computing Domotics (Home Automation) Pervasive Computing Context Aware Computing Agent Multiagent Systems for AmI Mobile Computing Robotics Computational Creativity Sentient Computing e-Health Context Modelling e Learning Memory Assistant CONTACT - Paulo Novais – University of Minho (Portugal) - A. M. de Jesus Pereira - Leiria Polytechnic Institute (Portugal) - D. Gabriel Villarrubia Gonzalez– University of Salamanca (Spain) isami@usal.es http://isami.usal.es/
12th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2015 University of Salamanca (Spain) 3th-5th June, 2015 dcai.usal.es SCOPE The 12th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2015 is an annual forum that will bring together ideas, projects, lessons, etc. associated with distributed computing and artificial intelligence, and their application in different areas. This meeting will be held in Salamanca within PAAMS'15 in 3th-5th June, 2015. This symposium will be organized by the Bioinformatic, Intelligent System and Educational Technology Reseach Group ( http://bisite.usal.es ) of the University of Salamanca. The technology transfer in this field is still a challenge and for that reason this type of contributions will be specially considered in this symposium. This conference is the forum in which to present application of innovative techniques to complex problems. DCAI'15 is sponsored by the IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics Society Spain Section Chapter and the IEEE Spain Section (Technical Co-Sponsor). CALL FOR GRANTS/AWARDS The BISITE research group ( http://bisite.usal.es ) of the University of Salamanca, organiser of PAAMS 2015, offers 40 grants/awards to facilitate the attendance to doctoral and young doctors both to the event itself (including Workshops and Special Sessions) and to the parallel collocated events. More information: http://www.paams.net/grants IMPORTANT DATES Submission dates 12th January, 2015 Notification date 23rd February, 2015 Paper ready deadline 9th March, 2015 Conference dates 3th-5th June, 2015 PUBLICATION Accepted papers will be included in DCAI 2015 Proceedings, published in the Advances in Intelligent and Soft-Computing series of Springer. At least one of the authors will be required to register and attend the symposium to present the paper in order to include the paper in the conference proceedings. All accepted papers will be published by Springer Verlag. At least one of the authors will be required to register and attend the symposium to present the paper in order to include the paper in the conference proceedings. More: http://dcai.usal.es/contributions TOPICS Distributed applications ICTs: trade, medicine, industry, the Internet, etc... Implementation of AI Bioinformatics Implementation of AI Biotechnology Implementation of AI in the development of mobile devices Networks Intelligent environments Distributed Algorithms Computer GRID Distributed databases Multimedia and distributed animation systems Distributed Operating Systems Real Time Systems Trade and Electronic Business Systems and fault-tolerant real-time systems Distributed Architectures Multiagent Systems High-performance Languages, Compilers, planning, load balancing E-learning Technology for Internet Middleware Mobile and wireless systems Security Parallel Software Engineering and Formal Methods Distributed Intelligent Information Systems Robotics and Control Satisfaction of restrictions Search heuristics Model based reasoning Reasoning not monotonic Planning and scheduling tasks Qualitative Reasoning Reasoning with uncertainty Temporal and spatial reasoning Other reasoning models Case based reasoning Data Analysis Evolutionary Computation Neural networks Learning through reinforcement Other models of learning Applications of AI (TTIA) Logic System support for decision-making Intelligent Interaction Knowledge Management Knowledge Representation CONTACT dcai@usal.es http://dcai.usal.es/
“齐”人忧天篇:人类如果毁灭或许会因自身的情感缺陷(二) ——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001)》观后 文/齐云龙 写在前面: 文题“齐”人忧天,与原词“杞人忧天”相差一字,算是我“齐”云龙的化用。请勿模仿!下面这些感悟,源自观看一部电影——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001)》,或许每一个拥有人类善良情感的人,看着这样的电影都会流下泪水……推荐给父母们作“六一儿童节”的礼物和有成熟思想的孩子们一起观看! 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,我个人认为,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么?但是…… 看看如今的世界:科技进步日新月异, 聪慧的人类把大自然的资源重新组合,创造了一个全新的世界, 物质变得日益多样化,人类将物质精心组合成许多新的物品:从耐用品到奢侈品,世界能提供的物质毕竟是有限的,而很多物品是无法供地球上每一个人都能拥有的,由于资源本身的限制以及发展速度与均衡性的矛盾,人类的欲 望也变得越来越难以满足…… 物质世界日渐丰富, 但是我们的精神世界的进化却不容乐观 ,当我们语言的障碍日渐消弭,甚至很多生活在趋同的同时,我们的世界观和人生观却变得越来越不同……人类精神世界变得的荒芜和苍白,人类精神世界相互沟通交流的沟壑和隔阂不断加深,人类在相互依赖的同时,有各自的方向上渐行渐远…… 战争、暴力、恐怖袭击、杀戮、抢^劫……尔虞我诈、虚与委蛇 的政治外交、勾心斗角地职场、利欲熏心的商界、虚情假意的情场、功利的学习与科研……人类自身所演绎的前途越来越堪忧…… 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,我个人认为,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么?但是…… 笑时的喜悦、哭时的痛苦…… 人类的情感与生俱来, 从婴儿降生的那一刻或者更早的时候就已经写入自身每个细胞的程序……快乐、悲伤、愤怒、忧愁、痛苦、郁闷、孤独、焦虑、兴奋、紧张……或者,连高等的动物和植物都会有着喜悦忧愁有着爱恨……只不过人类的情感世界更加复杂而已。 情感 在人类智力进化的过程中起到了难以估量的作用 ,或者两者同长同消! 思维世界的情感世界 与物质世界难以分割 ,物质世界在很大程度上影响着情感的作用形式和强度。一个明显的事实就是通常上男人和女人的情感方式有着明显的差异,这或许也正是两者天然的物质结构差异而导致的!人类的各种感受通过感觉的传输与各种激素作用相结合,刺激大脑,形成记忆并做出反应……爱恨情仇,复杂交织,剪不断,理还乱…… 每个人的情感有着个体差异,同时也有一定的共享和共通性 ,通过表情、语言、文字、图画、音乐等各种交流沟通和传播工具,我们能理解别人的一部分情感……“ 感同身受 ”——前提是,你也曾经经历过类似的情感,有着相似的感受和记忆…… “苍茫无垠的远古大地,让我们在每一次惶惑的 瞭 望中,贮满了深深积郁的焦虑。森林、河流、高山、湖泊、风暴、雷电、洪水、猛兽、酷暑、严寒、伤残、疾病,都会猝不及防到达我们,粉碎我们,覆盖我们,吞灭我们。在大自然面前,人类常常是那么单薄、脆弱、无助而又渺小。我们像尘埃飘飞在没有方向的风中,像落叶无声的凋零和腐烂,迷茫于子夜漫长的黑暗,醒来在丢失了历史记忆的清早。而令我们大为惊奇的是,人类不仅在其中坚定地延续存活了下来,还在向未来奔赴中,肩负了文明巨大的托付和使命,引导并主宰了这个世界(引自 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 )” 推动人类社会进步的很大一部分原因人类思想的进步,人类情感世界的进化……这些来源于人类对快乐体验的愉悦的强烈追求,对危险困苦世界的恐惧 ……这些刺激着人类产生了占有欲、进攻性、进取心…… “造物主让人类成为有思想的生物的同时,让人类也成了有深刻记忆和丰富情感,并能够充分表达的生物。表达着喜、怒、哀、乐,爱、恨、情、仇,悲、欢、离、合,生、老、病、死。表达形式也千变万化,有话语语言、书写文字、色彩线条、声韵旋律、肢体动作、表情神态等等。然而那千变万化中,都注满了人的苦难——前世、今生、未来的苦难之开始,苦难之呈现,苦难之延续,苦难之回顾。因此,我们从个体的脆弱、无助和渺小的认识中,“物以类聚,人以群分”,自动寻找团队或者集体,在相互依赖和鼓励中,对灾难和痛苦能有共同的承受和担当。苦难让人类选择了群居,并把我们千丝万缕、攀连缠绕在一起,传续延展……(引自 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 )“ 情感的存在又似乎是把双刃剑——当它一方面推动人类不断拼搏向前的时候,也在很多时候让人类误入歧途! 或许也正因为人类情感的不完美,人类拥有善的同时也拥有恶,拥有爱的时候也拥有恨,人类会赞美别人的同时也会诋毁别人,羡慕的同时也有忌妒…… 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么? 但是,当你放眼世界,纵观人类的历史,我们不禁悲观地看到,没有哪一场人类的战争或者伤害不与人类的情感有关:对金钱名誉或者资源的贪婪掠夺、欺骗与奸诈,掠夺与杀戮、对自身无节制欲望的放纵,没有自然界其他物种能威胁到人类的存在时,却使得人类开始自相攻击,同类相残! 如果人类不是灭亡于外行星撞击地球、地球自身的突然变化等外界因素之外,那么最可能的就是人类自身能毁灭自己!人类最大的敌人其实恰恰是自己——而最可能是人类不能控制情感世界的发展! 也许,世界范围内的战争在未来仍然会长久地存在并最终导致整个人类的历史走向尽头,因为地球难以承受人类如此的掠夺和敲骨吸髓般地吞食……而人类相互之间却又发展不均衡,不会为彼此而做出节制和让步……当没有来自外星球或者其他物种的威胁时,人类将同类视为仇敌…… 这些感悟,来源于一部电影 ——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001) 》,我想,或许每一人拥有人类善良情感的人,看着这样的电影都会流下泪水……这应该是一部儿童节可以和有思想的孩子一起看的电影! 已经是十几年之前的一部电影了,每每看起来,都禁不住泪流满面……人类的情感,是多么美好的东西。如果不是因为具有这么复杂的情感,或许我们并不能在这个星球上存在进步,生存这么长的时间。 《 Her.2013 》… 》中的操作系统渴望拥有一个躯体,而 《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001)》的机器人小孩子更希望拥有像人一样真实的躯体,希望做一个真的人,而我们人类,拥有着躯体,却对自己拥有的东西并不觉得多么珍贵(君不见那么多人轻易地就抛却了生命……),更对自己的缺点置若罔闻…… 作为这个星球上的一员,我们究竟需要什么?坚定的爱和信念?幸福温馨的小家?真挚永久的朋友?......金钱、华屋、香车、美食、异性的恭敬和顺从?自然界的各种美景和资源?……人类索求无度。而跳出自身的视角,原来我也只是庸碌人类的一员…… 科学已经证明,动物的记忆与自身的蛋白有关,情感产生与身体内的某些激素或其他化学物质有关。不知道,人类是否会去研究让人忘却的“孟婆汤”、“忘情水”或者使人更加善良的“良心药”? 如果科学和技术的发展我行我素,而对人类最基本的情感视而不见,不闻不问……如果科学和技术一味自视清高、唯我独尊,对人文情怀不屑一顾……恐怕,等待整个人类的将是一条不归路! 当,我们的躯体不复存在,是否我们的爱恨还会长久地被这个星球记忆? 是否我们的情感还有希望会让我们不断完善自己,弥补自己的缺点和不足,携手整个人类共同迈向进步,一起走向更加美好的未来? 写完博文,看到了王伟老师的博文:《 假如人类不曾在地球上出现》 很有感触…… 假如人类没有过分的贪婪,有节制地利用地球,与自然和谐相处? 那,又会是怎样一番景象? 参考: 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 ——————————————————————————————————————————————— 正文与转载分割线 剧情梗概 故事发生在一个未明确界定的 未来 。那时全球变暖已导致 冰川 融化,沿海城市被淹,地球资源匮乏,因此需要实施严格的计划生育制度。与此相关,大量繁琐的工作已由机器人取代,甚至连性服务也不例外。某公司开发了一个能付出感情的机器人小孩,以满足不能生孩子或没有生孩子指标的父母。大卫到莫尼卡家时,是一个典型的机器人,但后来莫尼卡开启他感情的开关后,他的性质变了。 影片介绍 导演: 斯蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg 主演: 裘德·洛 Jude Law 海利·乔·奥斯蒙 Haley Joel Osment 类型: 剧情 / 科幻 / 冒险 更多中文片名: A.I. 人工智慧 更多外文片名: Artificial Intelligence: AI A.I. A.I. Artificial Intelligence 片长: 146 min 国家 / 地区: 美国 对白语言:英语 发行公司: DreamWorks Distribution LLC 上映日期: 2001 年 6 月 26 日 美国 转载:部分影评和观后感 A cruel fairy tale Superficially, Steven Spiellberg made Artificial Intelligence into a fairy tale. In my opinion it's a Pinocchio happening in the future and without a happy ending. Though David was a robot, he was programmed with the unique ability to love. After abandoned by his beloved adoptive mother Monica, David began the trip in search of the Blue Fairy, hoping she would turn him into a real boy and he could be home again. His pursuit lasted for 2000 years and was fianlly realised with the aim of aliens —— being with Monica without any concerns just for one day. Many scenes in the movie touch me, yet one makes the deepest impression. That is when David found himself was not unique but the first of his kind, frustrated and disappointed, he jumped out of the building. While a robot can't physically commit suicide, but David's action is not meaningless. In spite of his metalic hardwares and structure, David could think about the meaning of life and pursuit, feel love and hatred, like we man do. He had belief which was worth risking himself. His self-denial and self-affirmation were so humane and sincere that even man's couldn't compare with them. There are too many possible theme in this movie, for examples, the ethic conflict of artificial intelligence, the co-existence of human and robot, even the definition of humanity and life. Here robots were the weak, like David, and threatened by man. Man created robots to slave but once robots were set to be intellectual, they felt insulted and jealous. They resented robots and treated them like dirt, which they don't think worthed respect and care. That is the dark side of humanity, which I think should be overcome. Artificial intelligence is a trend of future science, therefore I wish tragedies like David's would not happen to anybody or any robots. 这是一篇很烂的AI影评,连我自己都觉得对不起David和史蒂芬伯伯,但它在我心中的地位跟我影评的质量是呈绝对的反比的!!! 记得看完AI后,还是小孩的我郁闷了好几天,而之后的几个星期,一想起David就有呜咽的冲动。小孩子总是很怕失去父母的爱,更别说是被遗弃了。所以从David被抛弃在森林里开始,我就开始哭了——可以考虑让不听话的小孩看AI,之后那几天保证很乖。之后说是想写读后感吧,拿着笔呆了很久也憋不出来。除了唏嘘还是唏嘘。到视听说要做点评,毫不犹豫地选了它,却在做的过程中不断被那狗血得很惨烈的剧情刺激到——David啊,我愿意养你的说!!!真是一部历久常新的催泪科幻神作! 最后讲讲最让我崩溃的场面——David被困海底2000多年后(拉远景时的独白也很催泪),外星人来到人类已灭绝的地球把David救了出来。David重新启动后蹒跚地走向他日夜祈祷的蓝仙女,小心翼翼又满怀希望地碰了碰她,认为自己的愿望能实现了。就在这时,木头做的蓝仙女破裂了,在David面前化成了碎片。——啊啊,第一次看的时候不知道发生了什么但也哭了…… 片中小男孩拍摄过程一共只有5个月,但其表演天赋不可不谓不强,将身为机器的小孩的感情演绎得非常到位,既演出了身为机器人体的无奈又演出了人类感情的悲哀,十分欣赏,记忆犹新。 “我们羡慕有灵魂的人类, 人类是生存意义的关键。”很佩服导演这句绝妙而够讽刺的对白设计。像把无声手枪射中观众最靠近灵魂的地方。 人类们在看台上吼叫着:我们是什么??人类!!! 人啊, 是否你能在行使你手中的权力时,再慎重的考虑一下别人. 我需要什么?坚定的爱和信念?幸福温馨的小家?加上真挚永久的朋友?...... 索求无度的怪圈。 原来我也只是庸碌人类的一员 人类情感模式的基本分类见 仇德辉 的博客 http://choudh.blogchina.com/1621943.html
“齐”人忧天篇:人类如果毁灭或许会因自身的情感缺陷 ——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001)》观后 文/齐云龙 写在前面: 文题“齐”人忧天,与原词“杞人忧天”相差一字,算是我“齐”某人的借用,请勿误用!下面这些感悟,源自观看一部电影——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001)》,或许每一个拥有人类善良情感的人,看着这样的电影都会流下泪水……推荐给父母们作“六一儿童节”的礼物和有成熟思想的孩子们一起观看 ! 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,我个人认为,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么?但是…… 看看如今的世界:科技进步日新月异, 聪慧的人类把大自然的资源重新组合,创造了一个全新的世界, 物质变得日益多样化,人类将物质精心组合成许多新的物品:从耐用品到奢侈品,世界能提供的物质毕竟是有限的,而很多物品是无法供地球上每一个人都能拥有的,由于资源本身的限制以及发展速度与均衡性的矛盾,人类的欲望也变得越来越难以满足…… 物质世界日渐丰富, 但是我们的精神世界的进化却不容乐观 ,当我们语言的障碍日渐消弭,甚至很多生活在趋同的同时,我们的世界观和人生观却变得越来越不同……人类精神世界变得的荒芜和苍白,人类精神世界相互沟通交流的沟壑和隔阂不断加深,人类在相互依赖的同时,有各自的方向上渐行渐远…… 战争、暴力、恐怖袭击、杀戮、抢劫、强奸、尔虞我诈、虚与委蛇 的政治外交、勾心斗角地职场、利欲熏心的商界、虚情假意的情场、功利的学习与科研……人类自身所演绎的前途越来越堪忧…… 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,我个人认为,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么?但是…… 笑时的喜悦、哭时的痛苦…… 人类的情感与生俱来, 从婴儿降生的那一刻或者更早的时候就已经写入自身每个细胞的程序……快乐、悲伤、愤怒、忧愁、痛苦、郁闷、孤独、焦虑、兴奋、紧张……或者,连高等的动物和植物都会有着喜悦忧愁有着爱恨……只不过人类的情感世界更加复杂而已。 情感 在人类智力进化的过程中起到了难以估量的作用 ,或者两者同长同消! 思维世界的情感世界 与物质世界难以分割 ,物质世界在很大程度上影响着情感的作用形式和强度。一个明显的事实就是通常上男人和女人的情感方式有着明显的差异,这或许也正是两者天然的物质结构差异而导致的!人类的各种感受通过感觉的传输与各种激素作用相结合,刺激大脑,形成记忆并做出反应……爱恨情仇,复杂交织,剪不断,理还乱…… 每个人的情感有着个体差异,同时也有一定的共享和共通性 ,通过表情、语言、文字、图画、音乐等各种交流沟通和传播工具,我们能理解别人的一部分情感……“ 感同身受 ”——前提是,你也曾经经历过类似的情感,有着相似的感受和记忆…… “苍茫无垠的远古大地,让我们在每一次惶惑的 瞭 望中,贮满了深深积郁的焦虑。森林、河流、高山、湖泊、风暴、雷电、洪水、猛兽、酷暑、严寒、伤残、疾病,都会猝不及防到达我们,粉碎我们,覆盖我们,吞灭我们。在大自然面前,人类常常是那么单薄、脆弱、无助而又渺小。我们像尘埃飘飞在没有方向的风中,像落叶无声的凋零和腐烂,迷茫于子夜漫长的黑暗,醒来在丢失了历史记忆的清早。而令我们大为惊奇的是,人类不仅在其中坚定地延续存活了下来,还在向未来奔赴中,肩负了文明巨大的托付和使命,引导并主宰了这个世界(引自 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 )” 推动人类社会进步的很大一部分原因人类思想的进步,人类情感世界的进化……这些来源于人类对快乐体验的愉悦的强烈追求,对危险困苦世界的恐惧 ……这些刺激着人类产生了占有欲、进攻性、进取心…… “造物主让人类成为有思想的生物的同时,让人类也成了有深刻记忆和丰富情感,并能够充分表达的生物。表达着喜、怒、哀、乐,爱、恨、情、仇,悲、欢、离、合,生、老、病、死。表达形式也千变万化,有话语语言、书写文字、色彩线条、声韵旋律、肢体动作、表情神态等等。然而那千变万化中,都注满了人的苦难——前世、今生、未来的苦难之开始,苦难之呈现,苦难之延续,苦难之回顾。因此,我们从个体的脆弱、无助和渺小的认识中,“物以类聚,人以群分”,自动寻找团队或者集体,在相互依赖和鼓励中,对灾难和痛苦能有共同的承受和担当。苦难让人类选择了群居,并把我们千丝万缕、攀连缠绕在一起,传续延展……(引自 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 )“ 情感的存在又似乎是把双刃剑——当它一方面推动人类不断拼搏向前的时候,也在很多时候让人类误入歧途! 或许也正因为人类情感的不完美,人类拥有善的同时也拥有恶,拥有爱的时候也拥有恨,人类会赞美别人的同时也会诋毁别人,羡慕的同时也有忌妒…… 上篇博文《 为科技宅男推荐的电影:《我的女友是机器人》、《 Her.2013 》… 》 曾提到过,“ 著名物理学家史蒂芬霍金(Steven Hawking )在讨论约翰尼德普(Johnny Depp )主演的新片《超验骇客》时称,人工智能或许不但是人类历史上最大的事件,而且还有可能是最后的事件。他的意思是:人工智能可能会导致人类的灭亡。” 但是,究其原因, 人类最终更可能毁灭于自身情感世界的不完美 。历经数千年,人类都没有因为情感而怎样,未来就会因此而走向覆灭,这不是痴人说梦、不是杞人忧天是什么? 但是,当你放眼世界,纵观人类的历史,我们不禁悲观地看到,没有哪一场人类的战争或者伤害不与人类的情感有关:对金钱名誉或者资源的贪婪掠夺、欺骗与奸诈,掠夺与杀戮、对自身无节制欲望的放纵,没有自然界其他物种能威胁到人类的存在时,却使得人类开始自相攻击,同类相残! 如果人类不是灭亡于外行星撞击地球、地球自身的突然变化等外界因素之外,那么最可能的就是人类自身能毁灭自己!人类最大的敌人其实恰恰是自己——而最可能是人类不能控制情感世界的发展! 也许,世界范围内的战争在未来仍然会长久地存在并最终导致整个人类的历史走向尽头,因为地球难以承受人类如此的掠夺和敲骨吸髓般地吞食……而人类相互之间却又发展不均衡,不会为彼此而做出节制和让步……当没有来自外星球或者其他物种的威胁时,人类将同类视为仇敌…… 这些感悟,来源于一部电影 ——《人工智能 Artificial Intelligence (2001) 》,我想,或许每一人拥有人类善良情感的人,看着这样的电影都会流下泪水……这应该是一部儿童节可以和有思想的孩子一起看的电影! 已经是十几年之前的一部电影了,每每看起来,都禁不住泪流满面……人类的情感,是多么美好的东西。如果不是因为具有这么复杂的情感,或许我们并不能在这个星球上存在进步,生存这么长的时间。 作为这个星球上的一员,我们究竟需要什么?坚定的爱和信念?幸福温馨的小家?真挚永久的朋友?......金钱、华屋、香车、美食、异性的恭敬和顺从?自然界的各种美景和资源?……人类索求无度。而跳出自身的视角,原来我也只是庸碌人类的一员…… 科学已经证明,动物的记忆与自身的蛋白有关,情感产生与身体内的某些激素或其他化学物质有关。不知道,人类是否会去研究让人忘却的“孟婆汤”、“忘情水”或者使人更加善良的“良心药”? 如果科学和技术的发展我行我素,而对人类最基本的情感视而不见,不闻不问……如果科学和技术一味自视清高、唯我独尊,对人文情怀不屑一顾……恐怕,等待整个人类的将是一条不归路! 当,我们的躯体不复存在,是否我们的爱恨还会长久地被这个星球记忆? 是否我们的情感还有希望会让我们不断完善自己,弥补自己的缺点和不足,携手整个人类共同迈向进步,一起走向更加美好的未来? 写完博文,看到了王伟老师的博文:《 假如人类不曾在地球上出现》 很有感触…… 假如人类没有过分的贪婪,有节制地利用地球,与自然和谐相处? 那,又会是怎样一番景象? 参考: 《寻根问祖》——作者 陈峻峰 ——————————————————————————————————————————————— 正文与转载分割线 剧情梗概 故事发生在一个未明确界定的 未来 。那时全球变暖已导致 冰川 融化,沿海城市被淹,地球资源匮乏,因此需要实施严格的计划生育制度。与此相关,大量繁琐的工作已由机器人取代,甚至连性服务也不例外。某公司开发了一个能付出感情的机器人小孩,以满足不能生孩子或没有生孩子指标的父母。大卫到莫尼卡家时,是一个典型的机器人,但后来莫尼卡开启他感情的开关后,他的性质变了。 影片介绍 导演: 斯蒂文·斯皮尔伯格 Steven Spielberg 主演: 裘德·洛 Jude Law 海利·乔·奥斯蒙 Haley Joel Osment 类型: 剧情 / 科幻 / 冒险 更多中文片名: A.I. 人工智慧 更多外文片名: Artificial Intelligence: AI A.I. A.I. Artificial Intelligence 片长: 146 min 国家 / 地区: 美国 对白语言:英语 发行公司: DreamWorks Distribution LLC 上映日期: 2001 年 6 月 26 日 美国 转载:部分影评和观后感 A cruel fairy tale Superficially, Steven Spiellberg made Artificial Intelligence into a fairy tale. In my opinion it's a Pinocchio happening in the future and without a happy ending. Though David was a robot, he was programmed with the unique ability to love. After abandoned by his beloved adoptive mother Monica, David began the trip in search of the Blue Fairy, hoping she would turn him into a real boy and he could be home again. His pursuit lasted for 2000 years and was fianlly realised with the aim of aliens —— being with Monica without any concerns just for one day. Many scenes in the movie touch me, yet one makes the deepest impression. That is when David found himself was not unique but the first of his kind, frustrated and disappointed, he jumped out of the building. While a robot can't physically commit suicide, but David's action is not meaningless. In spite of his metalic hardwares and structure, David could think about the meaning of life and pursuit, feel love and hatred, like we man do. He had belief which was worth risking himself. His self-denial and self-affirmation were so humane and sincere that even man's couldn't compare with them. There are too many possible theme in this movie, for examples, the ethic conflict of artificial intelligence, the co-existence of human and robot, even the definition of humanity and life. Here robots were the weak, like David, and threatened by man. Man created robots to slave but once robots were set to be intellectual, they felt insulted and jealous. They resented robots and treated them like dirt, which they don't think worthed respect and care. That is the dark side of humanity, which I think should be overcome. Artificial intelligence is a trend of future science, therefore I wish tragedies like David's would not happen to anybody or any robots. 这是一篇很烂的AI影评,连我自己都觉得对不起David和史蒂芬伯伯,但它在我心中的地位跟我影评的质量是呈绝对的反比的!!! 记得看完AI后,还是小孩的我郁闷了好几天,而之后的几个星期,一想起David就有呜咽的冲动。小孩子总是很怕失去父母的爱,更别说是被遗弃了。所以从David被抛弃在森林里开始,我就开始哭了——可以考虑让不听话的小孩看AI,之后那几天保证很乖。之后说是想写读后感吧,拿着笔呆了很久也憋不出来。除了唏嘘还是唏嘘。到视听说要做点评,毫不犹豫地选了它,却在做的过程中不断被那狗血得很惨烈的剧情刺激到——David啊,我愿意养你的说!!!真是一部历久常新的催泪科幻神作! 最后讲讲最让我崩溃的场面——David被困海底2000多年后(拉远景时的独白也很催泪),外星人来到人类已灭绝的地球把David救了出来。David重新启动后蹒跚地走向他日夜祈祷的蓝仙女,小心翼翼又满怀希望地碰了碰她,认为自己的愿望能实现了。就在这时,木头做的蓝仙女破裂了,在David面前化成了碎片。——啊啊,第一次看的时候不知道发生了什么但也哭了…… 片中小男孩拍摄过程一共只有5个月,但其表演天赋不可不谓不强,将身为机器的小孩的感情演绎得非常到位,既演出了身为机器人体的无奈又演出了人类感情的悲哀,十分欣赏,记忆犹新。 “我们羡慕有灵魂的人类, 人类是生存意义的关键。”很佩服导演这句绝妙而够讽刺的对白设计。像把无声手枪射中观众最靠近灵魂的地方。 人类们在看台上吼叫着:我们是什么??人类!!! 人啊, 是否你能在行使你手中的权力时,再慎重的考虑一下别人. 我需要什么?坚定的爱和信念?幸福温馨的小家?加上真挚永久的朋友?...... 索求无度的怪圈。 原来我也只是庸碌人类的一员 人类情感模式的基本分类见 仇德辉 的博客 http://choudh.blogchina.com/1621943.html
虽然,在我自己一直都在做机器学习方面的研究,并总是听说统计机器学习。但为什么要叫“统计”机器学习?因为机器学习是“learn from the data”. 我们也可以将此看做是一个统计过程,然后得到一些“规律”,然后用这个“规律”去预测新输入的数据应该具有哪些属性。在机器学习中,我们建立一个数学模型后,然后通过已有数据得到模型中的参数的值,最后进行预测。 人工智能,我在本科的时候就对此很感兴趣,但是一直就不明白什么是人工智能,是否是研究一种能够像人一样思考、处理问题的机器,就称为人工智能呢?说到这里,我们得明白什么是智能, Intelligence has been defined in many different ways including, but not limited to, abstract thought, understanding, self-awareness, communication, reasoning, learning , having emotional knowledge , retaining , planning , and problem solving . Artificial intelligence is the simulation of intelligence in machines (From wikipedia 来自维基百科). 人工智能方法,目前是使用先验知识,制定一些规则集合,然后按照这个规则集合进行推理判断。这种方法,使得人工智能方法的泛化能力很弱。如果遇到的情况在规则集合中不存在处理它的方法,那么判断进入未知状态。 在前几天,看了王珏老师在中科院自动化所模式识别国家重点实验室的一个讲座的PPT( 结构+平均 ),下载自新浪共享。 王老师谈到:“机器学习抹杀了变量间的结构性,人工智能方法忽略了变量之间的条件独立关系”, 在PPT中提到了Daphne Koller的著作“概率图模型”。 这本著作试图找到这两种方法的一个好的“结合点”。 如果对此方法感兴趣可以去阅读该著作,其著作有1200多页,所以,要下大工夫去读。 最后,希望大家对能够对文中错误的地方给予指正,谢谢。
written in October, 2007 Today's seminar on project research progress made me feel not very well. The research title of one department is the Trend Analysis on Key Crop Breeding Project. The speaker only gave a short PPT display, and the contentwas more surprising. The planned task of the whole project is just writing one article on thetrend analysis of rice breeding. The speaker said they had already investigated the released varieties in S Provinceand the published articles in each year, then they would establish one regression model to analyze the trend of the variation. After the presentation, I told her maybe it is not so simple to analyze the developmental trend of crop breeding just by collecting the variety numbers and the published article amount. As the publicly well-known reasons, in recent years, more and more articles are published and more and more new varieties are released perhaps not bythe elevation of scientific research levels but by the stimulation of interests. When we want to do information analysis, the most important is that we must consider the readers or theobjects of the analysis report.In this project, if the analysisreport is for the rice breedingexperts or researchers, we should tell or suggestthem what they should do in their future rice breeding work, which breeding methods willbe the best and which characters will be the most needed to pay attention to; and ifthe report is written for the government officials, then we should provide useful information for the officialstotell them what they should do in policy-makingso astoencourage the development of rice breeding. Secondly, we should consider which factors are the most important and appropriate for the final conclusion, for example, in this project, the most important factors may not be the variety numbers, nor the published article amount. Thirdly, we should determine which channelsto get the needed data. Fourthly, we shouldmake logic conclusion on the basis ofthe data. Some think it's simple to do information research. Instead, it's difficult to provide valuable information just through information collection and editing. Oneveteran information worker once said, people who did information work produced literal rubbish every day. On some degree, what he said is right. If we want our information research and service have a certain value, all theseshould be doneaccording the requirements of the objects we serve, andthe variables to be selected must be the most important, and finally the conclusion should be pertinent!
•为了避免民众把美国政府发动的情报活动视同为恐怖活动,美国的许多情报机构名称大多采用Information”(信息)这个词,而不是“intelligence ”(情报)这个词: –1917年设立的公众信息委员会名称为“Committee on Public Informaion” –1941年设立的国家信息情报协调处名称为“Office of the Coordinator of Informaion” –1942年设立的战争情报局名称为“Office of War Informaion” –1948年设立的美国新闻机构名称为“U.S. Informaion Service” •美国国家安全委员在文件中均采用“心理行动”(Psychological Operaion)代替“心理战”Psychological Warfare)以避人耳目 (可参照教育部基金项目成果《新冷战史研究-美国的心理宣传战和情报战》一书) • 但这也影响到了学术界对于情报工作的研究,往往以信息Information的视角入手,有时甚至忘记了情报intelligence本身 中国情报学界出现Information与intelligence混用的现象,与中国情报学界跟风美国情报学界有极大的关系!
摘录自 “ What’s at Risk as We Get Smarter?” by Shawkat Ali http://smartgrid.ieee.org/april-2012/542-what-s-at-risk-as-we-get-smarter Computational Intelligence (CI) is a powerful and smart method that has the potential to identify and mitigate unknown threats in the smart grid. CI is a set of computational methodologies, which help to solve any complex issues in a smart manner using real-world data. Initially, the IT security community was not quick to adopt CI security techniques due to the unavailability of security related data and a lack of awareness about the techniques. However, data availability is no longer an issue in the contemporary IT world. Nowadays a huge number of free and open source software packages, commercial tools, and easy-to-use scripting languages are available to process network data for the purposes of a better security. Neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees are the most popular CI algorithms. In CI domain, there are still some debates about which algorithm is the best for a specific security problem. The consensus seems to be that there is no straightforward answer to this question. Different algorithms perform better in different situations and their relative performance can be unpredictable across a set of problems. Neural networks and support vector machines belong to the same group of CI algorithms, which is called the function estimation CI group. A solid mathematical theory underpins both types of algorithms. Support vector machines are more popular than neural networks in the many domains they apply, including cyber security. Two significant attributes account for their greater popularity. The first is computational complexity: Support vector machines are markedly faster. The other one is scalability: The machines can consider infinite data points to generate a model, and performance does not depend on the dimensionality in the data-training phase. As a result, support vector machines can potentially learn a larger dataset to make an effective security decision than solutions based on neural networks can manage. Basically, support vector machines first plot the data in a high-dimensional feature space and then start learning data points to construct a model; in particular, they learn some vectors corresponding their class values. The model generation in the learning phase is an optimisation process. At the same time that is done, the support vector machines construct an optimal hyper plane to classify the types of hacker. After finalizing the model with the optimal hyper plane, the machine uses some testing instances to evaluate model performance. Support vector machines have a wonderful ingredient to fit the optimal hyper plane in the learning phase, which is called kernel function. Linear, polynomial and radial basis function kernels are the classical kernels. Many other kernels that also are effective in the learning phase have recently been discovered. Some additional parameter tuning has been required to achieve the optimal model for a low expected probability of generalization errors. An excellent open-source support vector machine tool is available . Also, decision trees, members of the rule-based CI group, are a fine tool. Compared to many other CI algorithms, decision trees are consistent in their ability to generate a set of rules during the model construction that are transparent, easy to translate and also easily incorporated to solve the real life problems, such as instance intrusion detection of smart grid. Like natural trees, decision trees have three nodes: root, internal and leaf node. The tree always starts from the root node, which has no incoming branch. On the other hand, internal nodes have exactly one incoming branch and two or more outgoing branches. Leaf nodes have just one incoming branch to hold a decision, say "cyber attacker" or alternative "no cyber attacker." The advantage of such trees is that smart grid security team members with less experience handling and analysing grid security can still implement the decision tree technique and gain insight easily during the grid protection. An open source decision tree tool is also available.
This article is very useful to you, if you are interested in artificial intelligence. Obviously I haven't written on here for more than a year. I am not as enchanted with Numenta's technology as I once was, for a combination of reasons. Mostly, the more I look at what is going on in the AI world as a whole, the less impressive Numenta looks in comparison. I remember when I saw IBM's Watson defeat the world champions in Jeopardy in February 2011. Such a marvel of AI simply isn't very compatible with Jeff Hawkins' contention that mainstream AI is stuck in a rut. You could say the same thing about Siri, Kinect, self-driving cars, and a host of other recent achievements of AI. I get the sense that Hawkins isn't even very familiar with the advances happening around him in the AI world. Even if you get down in the weeds with the biologically inspired AI research that is going on, there are some very impressive efforts going on. Hawkins often denigrates the overly simplified neural networks of AI researchers compared to Numenta's more biologically realistic neuron models, but those simpler neurons are producing real world results. Further, they are becoming increasingly realistic and capable. Perhaps Hawkins deserves some credit for this with the buzz generated by On Intelligence, but the last five or ten years has seen a huge increase in interest in neural networks for AI. Just to take one example, Jurgen Schmidhuber is building recurrent neural networks that operate both in time and as a hierarchy (sound familiar?) that are beginning to produce results on computer vision benchmarks that rival the capability of humans (on limited tasks). Numenta, meanwhile, has never (to my knowledge) published any benchmarks regarding the capabilities of their algorithms. Hawkins has said on more than one occasion that there aren't suitable benchmarks for a hierarchical temporal memory, but that simply is not true. Many of the deep learning and neural net researchers are beginning to work with neural nets that operate in both space and time and are publishing research results on their work. Schmidhuber, Andrew Ng, and Geoff Hinton, some of the leaders in the field, have all done this type of work. Maybe I will be proven wrong and we will shortly see something amazing from Numenta, but I doubt it. They are building a data prediction tool, but if I were them I would be worried given that Google and other big players already have such products on the market. I still keep an eye on the company, but I am also watching the progress of the rest of the biologically inspired AI community, which is making much more demonstrable progress in AI than what Numenta has shown. Here is a link to a good talk by Schmidhuber summarizing some of their impressive and fairly recent results with their neural nets: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkCNbi26Hdsfeature=player_embedded I admit that I am probably being a bit hard on Numenta, so let me throw this out there. It may not be an accident that the last five or ten years is the period in which the loosely bio-inspired multi-level neural networks have begun to dominate mainstream AI (Schmidhuber says as much in the above talk). I remember reading that Andrew Ng of Stanford read On Intelligence and was very inspired by it. Seemingly around that same period of time he began to move away from the traditional AI to the more bio-inspired version. It may well be that Hawkins' book played a role in jump starting this new and apparently much more successful approach to AI both for him and for others. It just seems that other AI researchers are doing more with that inspiration than Numenta has been able to do. This article was reprinted from: http://htmwatch.blogspot.jp/2012/04/update.html . Papers: Jeff Hawkins - On Intelligence HTM_CorticalLearningAlgorithmsV0.2 Another paper How the Brain Might Work is too large, you can get it from Numenta.
Inventor, futurist predicts dawn of total artificial intelligence By Rocco Castoro , Vice Magazine senior editor March 9, 2011 11:41 a.m. EST http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/03/08/vbs.singularity.kurzweil/index.html?hpt=Sbin STORY HIGHLIGHTS Ray Kurzweil is an inventor, entrepreneur, author and futurist He predicts future in which technology will become superior to humans Point at which man and machine merge into one is referred to by Kurzweil as "singularity" Brooklyn, New York ( VBS.TV ) -- In the year 2050, if Ray Kurzweil is right, nanoscopic robots will be zooming throughout our capillaries, transforming us into nonbiological humans. We will be able to absorb and retain the entirety of the universe's knowledge, eat as much as we want without gaining weight, shape-shift into just about any physical form imaginable, live free from disease and die at the time of our choosing. All of this will be thrust on us by something that Kurzweil calls the Singularity, a theorized point in time in the not-so-distant future when machines become vastly superior to humans in every way, aka the emergence of true artificial intelligence. Computers will be able to improve their own source codes and hardware in ways we puny humans could never conceive. This will result in a paradigm shift that sees mankind coalescing with its own creations: man and machine, merging into one. These grand-scale premonitions are largely based on Kurzweil's law of accelerating returns, which states that the development of technology has been increasing exponentially since the beginning of time. That concept isn't really compelling to the masses until one focuses on the "knee" of this exponential curve -- the point where the perpetual doubling of technological growth skyrockets and negates the linear models of progress that people like economists have relied on for so long. Kurzweil says we're just about to start rounding this bend and that the rate of progress will be so great it will "appear to rupture the fabric of human history." In other words, we will trump nature and take control of our own evolution. Kurzweil's magnum opus, "The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology," outlines the implications of this transition in a way that is simultaneously believable, terrifying, meticulous and mind-bendingly absurd. It was published in 2005. That may seem like only a short time ago, but an incoming technological explosion of nuclear proportions isn't so far-fetched when you consider everything that's changed just between then and now. Twitter, iPhones, the comment on the Facebook wall as the new pickup line? The devices and programs we were using four years ago already seem outdated. "Transcendent Man," a documentary about Kurzweil by filmmaker Barry Ptolemy that was released digitally last week, offers a revealing glimpse inside Kurzweil's mind and elaborates on some of the ideas found in "The Singularity is Near." See the rest of "The Singularity of Ray Kurzweil" at Motherboard.tv People like to tag Kurzweil as the "rightful heir to Thomas Edison," and that's not a stretch considering he's responsible for some of the most useful inventions of the past century. An optical-character-recognition machine for the blind that's capable of reading most types of printed text aloud, the CCD flatbed scanner, speech-recognition software, the first synthesizer that created sounds virtually indistinguishable from those produced by their acoustic counterparts, and a whole bunch of other nifty things we can barely comprehend came from Ray's brain. When I met Kurzweil at his office in Boston, he was dressed in a slightly crumpled navy suit jacket and slacks. As he emerged from the columns of books surrounding his desk, he seemed almost meek and startled even though he had postponed our interview by over half an hour. But after speaking with him for two minutes I wouldn't have been surprised if he told me that he had already received artificial neural enhancements and other biological upgrades. His intelligence operates on a higher plane, but his true gift is the ability to distill his complex theories into easily digestible terms. Regardless if you agree with Kurzweil's ideas, he certainly knows more than a few things that the majority of us don't. We'd be really foolish not to listen as closely as possible.