WHO considering global health emergency over DRC Ebola outbreak （世界卫生组织就刚果民主共和国（DRC）爆发的埃博拉疫情考虑全球卫生紧急情况） GENEVA, Switzerland (AFP) — The World Health Organization said Monday its experts will meet this week to determine whether an Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo constitutes a global health emergency. 瑞士日内瓦（法新社） - 世界卫生组织周一表示，其专家将于本周举行会议，以确定刚果民主共和国东部的埃博拉疫情是否构成全球卫生突发事件。 WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has convened an emergency committee on the current outbreak in DRC's violence-torn North Kivu region, which has killed 135 people since August, the UN health agency said in a statement. 联合国卫生机构在一份声明中表示，世卫组织首席执行官Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus召集了一个“紧急委员会”，讨论刚果民主共和国暴力冲突肆虐的北基伍地区目前爆发的疫情。该地区自8月以来已造成135人死亡。 The committee will meet on October 17 in Geneva to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, the statement said. 声明说：“该委员会将于10月17日在日内瓦举行会议，以确定疫情是否构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。” In the WHO's parlance, a public health emergency of international concern is an extraordinary event in which a disease may spread across borders and requires a vigorous international response. 按照世界卫生组织的说法，“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”是一种“特殊事件”，在这种事件中，一种疾病可能跨越国界蔓延，需要国际社会作出有力的反应。 The agency first invoked the emergency mechanism in 2009 when a new strain of influenza, so-called H1N1 swine flu, emerged. 该机构于2009年首次启动了应急机制，当时出现了一种新的流感病毒，即H1N1猪流感。 It was also declared twice in 2014, when polio re-emerged after the disease was nearly eradicated, and after an Ebola epidemic struck three West African countries. 2014年启动了两次应急机制，一次是小儿麻痹症在几乎被根除后重新出现，另一次是在埃博拉疫情袭击了三个西非国家之后。 Then in 2016, a global emergency was declared in response to an outbreak of the Zika virus. Monday's announcement came after DRC Health Minister Oly Ilunga warned over the weekend that a second wave of the Ebola virus had been confirmed in the outbreak in North Kivu, which is home to a clutch of armed groups. 然后在2016年，为应对寨卡病毒的爆发，启动了全球应急机制。 刚果民主共和国卫生部长Oly Ilunga在上周末发出警告之后于本周一做出了声明，在北基伍爆发了第二波埃博拉病毒疫情，北基伍是一些武装团体的所在地。 He said the second wave occurred as a result of community resistance to measures taken to tackle the disease, describing the outbreak as high risk. 他说，由于社区抵制应对该疾病的措施导致了第二波疫情的爆发，这次的真的是“高风险”的疫情。 The situation is worrying, he said. “情况着实令人担忧，”他说。 Fears and misconceptions about the virus have led to widespread mistrust and resistance to Ebola response workers, including those who come into communities wearing hazmat suits to orchestrate burials. 对埃博拉病毒的恐惧和误解已经导致了社区对埃博拉处理人员的极度不信任和抵制，包括那些穿着防护服进入社区的人。 A staff member of the UN peacekeeping mission MONUSCO was among the latest victims of the virus, the UN and DRC health ministry said. 联合国和刚果民主共和国卫生部表示，联合国维和部队联刚特派团的一名工作人员是该病毒的最新受害者之一。 The latest outbreak — the 10th in DR Congo since Ebola was first detected there in 1976 — so far counts 211 confirmed and probable cases of the virus, including 135 deaths. 自1976年埃博拉病毒首次在刚果发现以来，这已经是第10次爆发。到目前为止已确诊了211名病例，和可能的病毒病例，其中包括135例死亡病例。
An ever-present threat of a major new influenza pandemic of devastating proportions haunts us, and despite diligent monitoring of circulating viruses has been impossible to predict. On a more local scale outbreaks of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) in West Africa have posed a serious public health threat because of its high fatality risk. Research on the environmental factors underlying both EHF and influenza epidemiology may provide useful insights into the occurrence of future pandemic outbreaks. This study suggests that sunspot activity in extremum or ± one year was associated with influenza pandemics and severe EHF outbreaks in Africa from 1976 to 2014. Potential mechanisms by which sunspot activity may influence viral outbreaks are discussed. Current and future surveillance efforts should be supported to construct a comprehensive early warning system involving virus monitoring and epidemioilogy on the ground, sunspot activity as well as stratospheric sampling for forecasting future pandemics . 论文网址： http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/sunspot-activity-influenza-and-ebola-outbreak-connection-2332-2519-1000154.php?aid=78784#PDF 为什么埃博拉爆发与太阳黑子活动有关？ Multiple factors may contribute to EHF outbreaks in humans in the era of globalization. These diverse factors include environmental destruction, widespread deforestation,bushmeat consumption, climate change, economic underdevelopment, lack ofmedical resources, microbial genetic mutation, and so on. 1,2 However, severe Ebola outbreaks onlyemerged in some special years, so some special unusual factors must haveemerged and played decisive roles on the occurrence of Ebola outbreak in those years. This study showedthat sunspot activityin extremum or ±one year was likely to be one of the most important factors inthe development of severe Ebola outbreaks .Sunspot numbers are strongly correlated with solar activity, such as X-rayflares and total irradiance of the sun. Increased numbers of solar flares andcoronal mass ejections produce numerous high-energy solar particles during thesolar maximum period. 3,4 Furthermore, cosmic rays reach amaximum intensity when the sun is least active and fall at minimum intensityduring the solar maximum period. 3 Our resultsalso indicated that the coefficientof correlation between the relative sunspot number and cosmic ray data was−0.90. Point mutations, gene recombination,and gene reassortment are thought to be the three basic mechanisms of viralemergence. 5 Solar radiation and cosmic rays are physical mutagens of naturalpoint mutation, and can lead to the emergence of severe Ebola outbreaks.Recombination and reassortment occur at highly variable frequencies in viruseswith RNA as their genetic material. Multiplicity reactivation and crossreactivation have been proven to be important mechanisms of geneticrecombination. Reactivation has been observed in influenza viruses irradiatedby all types of radiations, such as ultraviolet light and gamma ray, inlaboratories during the 1950s to the 1960s. The Ebola virus is a non-segmentedRNA virus, and high mutation rates allow RNA viruses to cross species barriersand adapt to new hosts. The viral strains involved in all Ebola outbreaks carrydistinctive genetic variations, and genetic mutations may be a crucial factor influencingthe severity of Ebola outbreaks. For example, the human outbreaks in Gabon andthe Republic of Congo during 2001 to 2004 consisted of multiple simultaneousepidemics caused by different viral strains. 6 A related study revealed that the Zaire Ebola virus isolated from wild apes inthe Gabon/Congo region were recombinants, and the recombination event probablyoccurred between 1996 and 2001 and resulted in a group of recombinant virusesthat were responsible for a series of outbreaks in 2001–2003. 7 Genetic data also suggested that the current Ebola outbreak inSierra Leone was caused by a newstrain evolving from two viral lineages from neighboring Guinea , and it was caused by a single interaction between humans and aviral reservoir in animals. 8,9 The viral genome is changing at very rapid rates, and itsunique mutations might influence the severity of the 2014 outbreak . 9 Sunspot activity in the maximum or minimumphase can significantly impact the Earth’s climate, thereby causing extremeclimate events, such as drought, hurricane, and severe cold. 10–13 The International Food Policy ResearchInstitute released a report in 2013, which stated that climate change leads toseasonal droughts, high winds, thunderstorms, landslides, heat waves, floods,and changing rainfall patterns in Sierra Leone. Increasingly frequent extremeweather events can alter the migration, stopover time, fitness, andinterspecies mixing of migratory animals. Regarding the current outbreak, thefirst case of EHF in Guinea occurred in December 2013 at the beginning of thedrought season; this finding was consistent with observations from othercountries that outbreaks often begin during the transition from the rainyseason to drought season. 6 , 14–17 Sharply drier conditions at the end ofrainy seasons have been thought to be one triggering event of EHF outbreaks. 15 Strong scientific evidence points to the fruit bats, which are present in large parts of WestAfrica as the host species for the Ebola virus . 18 These bats are highly mobile andseasonally nomadic in response to local food availability, and they probablyshift habitats or territories because of changes in food availability orhabitat suitability that may be influenced by drought weather. These bats maymigrate from the depths of the rainforest and live closer to local villages inpursuit of food, sometimes amongst human populations. Fruit bats, a majorsource of protein, are widely eaten in rural West Africa. Presumably, localvillagers might have contacted with bats or their secretions and then becameinfected with the Ebola virus through various human activities, such as huntingor handling of Ebola-infected bats. Dry conditions can also cause fires andrainforest fragmentation. The latter increases the likelihood that bats willattempt to find other places to live. A prior outbreak investigation pointed tothe coincident timing of an annual influx of migratory fruit bats in theDemocratic Republic of Congo and the start of human Ebola outbreaks in localvillages during 2007, and the first human case was linked to migratory batsthat stayed in the area during the migratory season. 19 In addition, the new viral sequences alsorevealed that last year’s outbreak likely spread from Middle Africa throughfruit bats within the last decade. 20 The lack of food resources caused bydroughts can also increase interspecies contacts to compete for limited foodsources available between the fruit bats and intermediate hosts, includingchimpanzees and other primates, and these contacts may facilitate genetic recombination of any circulating Ebola virus in different species by sunspot activity.Finally, some Ebola viruses have successfully acquired the ability to spreadfrom animal hosts to humans, triggering the outbreaks in humans. Predictingthe behavior of a sunspot cycle is fairly reliable once a cycle has reachedabout three years after the minimum sunspot number occurs. 21 Thus, we can use the sunspot data toprovide early warning information for epidemiological and virologicalsurveillance of future severe EHF outbreaks. In the future, a comprehensive earlywarning system, including sunspot activity, climatic factors, fruit batmigration, animal mortality, and serological and virological surveillance,should be established so that severe EHF outbreaks can be detected as early aspossible. References 1. Bausch DG, Schwarz L ( 2014 ) Outbreak of ebola virusdisease in Guinea: where ecology meets economy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3056. 2. Ng S, Basta NE, Cowling BJ. ( 2014 ) Association betweentemperature, humidity and ebolavirus disease outbreaks in Africa, 1976 to 2014. Euro surveillance 19 :1–11. 3. O'Sullivan D. ( 2007 ) Exposure to galactic cosmicradiation and solar energetic particles. Radiat Prot Dosim 125:407–411. 4.Hathaway DH, Wilson RM. ( 2004 ) What the sunspot record tells us about space climate. Solar Phys 224:5–19 . 5. Domingo E. ( 2010 ) Mechanisms of viral emergence. VetRes 41:38. 6. LeroyEM, et al. ( 2004 ) Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of centralAfrican wildlife. Science 303:387–390. 7.Wittmann TJ, et al. ( 2007 ) Isolates of Zaire ebolavirus from wild apes reveal genetic lineage andrecombinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17123–17127. 8. Baize S, et al. ( 2014 ) Emergence of Zaire Ebolavirus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 371:1418–1425. 9. Gire SK, et al. ( 2014 ) Genomic surveillanceelucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. Science 345:1369–1372. 10. Ineson S, et al. ( 2011 ) Solar forcing of winter climate variabilityin the Northern Hemisphere . Nat Geosci 4:753–757 . 11. Stager JC, Ryves D, Cumming BF, Meeker LD, Beer J ( 2005 ) Solar variability and the levels of LakeVictoria, East Africa, during the last millennium. J Paleolimnol 33:243–251 . 12. Stager JC, Ruzmaikin A, Conway D, Verburg P,Mason PJ ( 2007 ) Sunspots, El Niño, and the levels of Lake Victoria, East Africa. J Geophys Res 112:15. 13. Gachari F, Mulati DM,Mutuku JN. ( 2014 ) Sunspot numbers: Implications on EasternAfrican rainfall. S. Afr. j. sci 110:1–5 . 14. Lahm SA, Kombila M, Swanepoel R, Barnes RF. ( 2007 ) Morbidity and mortality ofwild animals in relation to outbreaks of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Gabon,1994-2003. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101:64–78. 15. Bermejo M, et al. ( 2006 ) Ebola outbreak killed 5000gorillas. Science 314:1564. 16. Pinzon JE, et al. ( 2004 ) Trigger events:enviroclimatic coupling of Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71:664–674. 17. Jezek Z, Szczeniowski MY, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ,McCormick JB, Heymann DL. Ebola between outbreaks: intensified Ebola hemorrhagicfever surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1981–1985. J Infect Dis 1999;179 Suppl 1:S60–64. 18. Leroy EM, et al. Fruit bats as reservoirs ofEbola virus. Nature 2005;438:575-576. 19. Leroy EM, et al. ( 2009 ) Human Ebola outbreak resultingfrom direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo,2007. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9:723–728. 20. Vogel G ( 2014 ) Genomes reveal start ofEbola outbreak. Science 345:989-990. 21. Hathaway DH, Wilson MR, Reichmann JE ( 1999 ) A synthesis of solar cycle predictiontechniques. J Geophys Res 104:223 75–22388 .
两孔隙离子通道可控制埃博拉病毒进入宿主细胞，其可成为研制抗病毒药物的靶位点。 埃博拉病毒能引起人类致死性出血热，但目前还没有研制出有效药物来对抗此病毒。该病毒通过巨胞饮方式进入细胞，并借助内体囊泡在细胞内移动。目前，对于决定该病毒在内体囊泡内移动因素的相关研究很少。 最近《科学》杂志报道了一篇美国得克萨斯生物医学研究所的研究论文，科学家发现埃博拉病毒通过内体钙离子通道——“两孔隙通道”进入细胞。科学家们可以通过使用小分子抑制剂来削弱两孔隙离子通道功能，阻止病毒的移动，进而控制病毒感染。 通过筛选试验发现，中药成分“汉防己碱”能有效抑制埃博拉病毒感染巨噬细胞，其治疗效果在小鼠试验中也得到了证实。因此，此研究揭示了两孔隙离子通道蛋白在埃博拉病毒感染过程中起着至关重要的作用，并可作为抗埃博拉病毒治疗的有效靶位点。 美捷登：Mike 原文信息： Two-pore channels control Ebola virus hostcell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment Science27 February 2015: Vol. 347 no. 6225 pp. 995-99 原文链接： http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6225/995 美捷登版权www.medjaden.com欢迎转载，转载请勿修改内容 欢迎关注我们的微信
埃博拉（Ebola）病毒可以造成致死的流行性出血热在人群中爆发，但是目前还没有获得认证的治疗方法。通常来说，病毒由大胞饮作用进入细胞，随后通过内体小泡进行运输，然而此前研究对内体小泡移动的调控因子知之甚少。德州生物医学研究所的研究人员发现埃博拉病毒进入宿主细胞需要一种胞内钙离子通道，称为双孔通道（two-pore channels，TPCs）。该发现发表在近期的《Science》杂志上。 通过基因敲除、siRNAs或者小分子抑制剂可以扰乱TPC功能，阻碍病毒运输从而防止感染的发生，表明这些胞内钙离子通道为控制病毒颗粒胞内运输的重要调控因子。研究人员测试了粉防己碱（Tetrandrine）对于埃博拉病毒的抑制效果，发现其在人体内可以抑制埃博拉的首要目标巨噬细胞被感染，此外其在小鼠体内有治疗效果。作用机理为药物抑制TPC1与TPC2，而这两个通道分别负责胞内运输的两个阶段。此外，同为马尔堡病病毒属（Marburgvirus）的线状病毒（filovirus）也会被粉防己碱抑制，表明这种药物也许可作为广谱线状病毒抑制剂在临床被广泛应用。 原文地址： Two-pore channels control Ebola virus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment
1 2 3 4 星期五上午，我院举行了深圳市三名工程之一“高福院士工作站”的揭牌仪式，深圳市副市长吴以环等参加。揭牌仪式后，我院聘请高福院士为名誉院长、省新发传染病重点实验室名誉主任。高非常风趣，笑称大家鼓掌后他就是我们的一员，请大家多多关照。随后是院士讲座，他的讲题是“埃博拉与禽流感的故事”。 这是第二次听他讲这个故事，上一次是他刚从塞拉利昂回来刚刚解除医学观察期后，因为已经确定在我院设立工作站，参加了当时深圳市举行的肝胆疾病及传染病高峰论坛。高福1961年11月15日出生于山西省应县， 1983毕业于山西农业大学兽医学系， 1986获得北京农业大学微生物学与动物传染病学硕士学位， 1986-1991年任北京农业大学助教、讲师， 1991-1994 年在英国牛津大学攻读博士（生物化学），1994 年加拿大 Calgary University博士后， 1995-1998 年英国牛津大学博士后， 1999-2001 年美国哈佛大学 / 哈佛医学院博士后，2001-2004 年 英国牛津大学讲师、博士生导师、Group leader， 2004 -2008年应聘中国科学院微生物研究所所长，2008-至今为中国科学院北京生命科学研究院副院长、中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室主任，2010-至今为英国牛津大学客座教授，2011-至今为中国疾病预防控制中心副主任， 2013年12月当选中国科学院院士。 高福院士长期从事病原微生物与免疫学领域研究，特别是在病原与宿主的相互识别和相互作用方面进行了系统性和原创性工作。揭示了包括流感病毒、冠状病毒等在内的重要囊膜病毒侵入、融合和释放机制，为新一代抗病毒药物开发提供潜在靶标；揭示了重要病原跨宿主传播与致病机制，尤其是H5N1和H7N9禽流感病毒突破种间屏障的生态学与分子机制；揭示了CD8等重要免疫分子受体与配体的互作机制以及流感等重要病原细胞免疫机制。曾获发展中国家科学院（TWAS）基础医学奖等奖项。 作为首批援塞医疗队的负责人之一，高福挑起了移动实验室管理的重任。据说为了搬运那个移动P3实验室，仅租用俄罗斯的大型运输机就花了几千万人民币，因为我国还没有那样的大型飞机。他们在塞拉利昂开展实验室筛查和留观工作，设施装备好过任何一个发达国家，主要目的是疾病预防控制工作和公共卫生的防线前移。即由中国前移到非洲去，以免疫情传播到中国措手不及。我国第一批59名援塞医疗队员，包括以他挂帅的检测专家和以302医院为主的临床专家。 高福院士认为，埃博拉疫情在西非蔓延，很大程度与经济贫穷和文化落后密切相关，他展示了一些图片表明塞拉利昂人的卫生防疫观念十分淡漠，几乎没有消毒隔离意识。他们的院长和医生护士非常近距离地接触埃博拉患者，自己都没有必要的防护，既不戴口罩，也不戴护目镜，甚至病人死亡之后仍然要举行清洗、抚摸和亲吻等宗教仪式，埃博拉病毒就会通过直接接触而传播。他指着图片上的小伙子，拍照时人还好好的，不几天就患病身亡了。而且那里的临床救治也十分简陋，没有像样的医院， 救护车、运尸车、摩托车等必要的交通工具都很缺，救治病人的 仪器设备 和通讯工具也很少，难以有效跟踪和转移病人。 具体来说，他们检测队的任务主要有两个，一个是检测疑似患者，确认是否感染了埃博拉病毒；第二个是检测尸体，不能再按当地风俗去接触，然后必须直接埋葬。 此外，他个人要做一些跟国际组织的沟通工作，而且是当地两个团队的新闻发言人，接触一些新闻媒体，包括他们的广播站，去给他们做做科普。在 两个月内，中国医疗队累计检测了1635份血液样本，收治留观病例274例。 在留观工作上，最大的挑战就是培训当地护士。一是她们的医学基础确实太差，二是她们的防控意识很薄弱。 但在他们的一再督促下，当地的护士也逐渐严格按照操作规范来执行了。 对于有报道说，中国医疗队中有成员在塞拉利昂向非洲病患提供中药，测试其治疗效果，据称“很受欢迎”，并且“效果良好”。 高福院士果断地说，该报道有误导性。塞拉利昂是英联邦的一部分，在医学上接受的是西方文化，他们是不会相信中药。在西方理念里，一定要知道药物的有效成分，并做过对照实验，而中药的成分不明确，也没有实验，很难在应对埃博拉这种急性的高致死性病毒上发挥太大作用。 高福坦称，目前人类对埃博拉病毒的了解还非常之少，但这个病毒的传播途径肯定是从蝙蝠传到其他一些动物身上的，如羚羊，以及猴子、狒狒、大猩猩等高级灵长类动物，而非洲居民有吃这些动物的习惯，进而就感染了病毒。 至于埃博拉的变异程度到底有多大还不清楚。今年8月，美国科学家发表了一篇文章，对5月底到6月中旬从70多个塞拉利昂的病人身上分离出来的共99株病毒进行分析，发现埃博拉病毒的进化速率非常之快，大概是过去40年分离出的病毒的2倍!这说明埃博拉病毒在快速变异，这是之前所没有想到的。这么快速的变异究竟意味着什么现在也不清楚，人们对埃博拉的致病机制和它快速致人死亡的原因，很多细节也还有待研究。 不过现在有一点是清楚的，不论是埃博拉病毒，还是SARS、H7N9，或是其他流感病毒，都有一个共同的机制，就是病毒引起了细胞因子风暴。所谓“细胞因子风暴”就是病毒入侵激起的人类免疫系统的反应过分强烈了，最终是免疫系统杀死了人。 他认为，防治传染病，要从改善生态环境、调整生活习惯上下功夫。高福在报告中提到，2003年的SARS病毒、2005年的禽流感、2009年的甲型H1N1大流感、2012年中东的MERS、2013年我国H7N9禽流感感染人的事件，以及2014年发生的西非埃博拉的流行等，这些引起公众关注的新发突发传染病呈现出一个共同点：那就是病毒的动物源性。 中国的问题是活禽市场，最近在江苏、福建和广东又开始出现H7N9禽流感了。我们明明知道H7N9禽流感是人吃活禽引起的，政府也在大力科普，但还是劝不住民众。大家基于生活习惯，该吃活禽的还是吃，让关闭活禽市场也始终关闭不了，这就看出科学和文化之间的冲突有多大，最终导致传染病的发生。尽管目前在江苏、福建、广东出现的只是一些散发病例，但这种习惯不改变，就是很危险的一件事。他边说边展示自己在美国《科学》杂志上发表的一篇专论文章，呼吁关闭活禽市场，因为在国内说了没有用，只好到国际权威期刊说去。 这是一个“警告”，即随着人类居住环境的改变，人类与野生动物的关系越来越近，随之而来的就是来源于动物的病原感染人类事件，新发突发传染病病毒都是经过动物传播给人类的。比如我们习惯到活禽市场要鲜活宰杀，“为什么在发达国家如美国、英国禽流感不厉害？因为他们没有吃活禽的习惯。 附：高福院士的部分发表论文、著作 （1）Structure of measles virus hemagglutinin bound to its epithelial receptor nectin-4，Nature Structural and Molecular Biology，2013，通讯作者 （2）Origin and diversity of novel H7N9 avian influenza viruses causing human infecions，The Lancet，2013，通讯作者 （3）An airborne transmissible avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin seen at the atomic level，Science，2013，通讯作者 （4）Bat-derived influenza hemagglutinin H17 does not bind canonical avian or human receptors and likely uses a unique entry mechanism，Cell Reports，2013，通讯作者 （5）Influenza neuraminidase operates via a nucleophilic mechanism and can be targeted by covalent inhibitors，Nature Communications，2013，通讯作者 （6）Crystal structure of cell adhesion molecule nectin-2/CD112 and its binding to immune receptor DNAM-1/CD226，Journal of Immunology，2012，通讯作者 （7）The two-component system Ihk/Irr contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain 05ZYH33 through alteration of the bacterial cell metabolism.，Microbiology，2012，通讯作者 （8）The two-component system Ihk/Irr contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain 05ZYH33 through alteration of the bacterial cell metabolism，Microbiology，2012，通讯作者 （9） Genomic and antigenic characterization of the newly-emerging Chinese duck egg-drop syndrome flavivirus: genomic comparison with Tembusu and Sitiawan viruses，Journal of General Virology，2012，通讯作者 （10）Crystal structure of cell adhesion molecule nectin-2/CD112 and its binding to immune receptor DNAM-1/CD226，The Journal of Immunology，2012，通讯作者 （11）Structural and functional characterization of neuraminidase-like molecule N10 derived from bat influenza A virus，Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)，2012，通讯作者 （12）Analysis of drug resistance determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China，PLoS ONE，2012，通讯作者 （13）Type-IVC Secretion system: A novel subclass of type IV secretion system (T4SS) common existing in gram-positive genus Streptococcus，PLoS ONE，2012，通讯作者 （14）Reply to Nuclear export signal and immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope in influenza A virus matrix protein 1--Sequence sharing between viral nuclear export signals (NES) and CD8+ T cell epitopes，Journal of Virology，2012，通讯作者 （15）Narrow groove and restricted anchors of MHC class I molecule BF2*0401 plus peptide transporter restriction can explain disease susceptibility of B4 chickens，The Journal of Immunology，2012，通讯作者 （16）An octamer of enolase from Streptococcus suis，Protein and Cell，2012，通讯作者 （17）Insights into avian influenza virus pathogenicity: the hemagglutinin precursor HA0 of H16 subtype has an a-helix structure in its cleavage site with an inefficient HA1/HA2 cleavage，Journal of Virology，2012，通讯作者 （18）Cross-allele cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus among HLA-A24 and HLA-A3 supertype-positive individuals，Journal of Virology，2012，通讯作者 （19）Genomic sequence based scanning for drug resistance-associated mutations and evolutionary analysis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis，Journal of Infection，2012，通讯作者 （20）Insight into the interaction of metal ions with TroA from Streptococcus suis，PLoS ONE，2011，通讯作者 （21）A novel“open-form” structure of sortaseC from Streptococcus suis，Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics，2011，通讯作者 （22）我国发现的一种引起鸭产蛋下降综合征的新型黄病毒，中国兽医杂志，2011，通讯作者 （23）合成病毒：对流感病毒研究的贡献，生命科学，2011，通讯作者 （24）T细胞功能学与结构免疫学结合方法鉴定HLA－A2限制性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位富集区，科技导报，2011，通讯作者 （25）A strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies against gp96 by prime-boost regimen using endogenous protein and E. coli heterologously-expressed fragment，Journal of Central South University of Technology，2011，通讯作者 （26）Crystal structure of histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 and the implications for thermostability，Science China Life Sciences，2011，通讯作者 （27）An infectious clone of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: topology of glycoprotein 3 (GP3) addressing the intrachain disulfide bonds; PRRSV infectious clone and GP3 topology，Chinese Science Bulletin，2011，通讯作者 （28）Special features of the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (invited review)，Chinese Science Bulletin，2011，通讯作者 （29）Revival of the identification of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for immunological diagnosis therapy and vaccine development，Experimental Biology and Medicine，2011，通讯作者 （30）Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by NimbleGen tiling arrays，BMC Genomics，2011，通讯作者 （31）Structural basis of cross-allele presentation by HLA-A*0301 and HLA-A*1101 revealed by two HIV-derived peptide complexes，Molecular Immunology，2011，通讯作者 （32）Plasticity of human CD8αα binding to peptide-HLA-A*2402，Molecular Immunology，2011，通讯作者 （33）Structural analysis of alkaline β-mannanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5: implications for adaptation to alkaline conditions，PLoS ONE，2011，通讯作者 （34）Cyclophilin E functions as a negative regulator to influenza virus replication by impairing the formation of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex，PLoS ONE，2011，通讯作者 （35）LILRA3 binds both classical and non-classical HLA class I molecules but with reduced affinities compared to LILRB1/LILRB2: structural evidence，PLoS ONE，2011，通讯作者 （36）Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus, a new Tembusu-related flavivirus，PLoS ONE，2011，通讯作者 （37）Clade 2.3.2 avian influenza virus (H5N1), Qinghai Lake region, China, 2009–2010，Emerging Infectious Diseases，2011，通讯作者 （38）GI-type T4SS mediated horizontal transfer of the 89K pathogenicity island in epidemic Streptococcus suis serotype 2，Molecular Microbiology，2011，通讯作者 （39）Crystal Structure of Swine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I SLA-1*0401 and Identification of 2009 Pandemic Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1 Virus Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Peptides，Journal of Virology，2011，通讯作者 （40）A large scale comparative genomic analysis reveals insertion sites for newly acquired genomic islands in bacterial genomes， BMC Microbiology，2011，通讯作者 （41）小议2010国内外生命科学重要进展，遗传，2011，通讯作者 （42）Structural and functional analysis of laninamivir and its octanoate prodrug reveals group specific mechanisms for influenza NA inhibition， PLoS Pathogens，2011，通讯作者 （43）Binding of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D to nectin-1 exploits host cell adhesion.，Nature Communications，2011，通讯作者 （44）Structural basis of diverse peptide accommodation by the Rhesus Macaque MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*17: insights into immune protection from simian immunodeficiency virus，Journal of Immunology，2011，通讯作者 （45）Crystal structure of leukocyte Ig-like receptor LILRB4 (ILT3/LIR-5/CD85k): a myeloid inhibitory receptor involved in immune tolerance，Journal of Biological Chemistry，2011，通讯作者 （46）Two distinct conformations of a CTL epitope from rinderpest virus presented by cattle MHC class I molecule N*01801: a host strategy for presentation of a featured peptide，Journal of Virology，2011，通讯作者 （47）Diverse peptide presentation of Rhesus Macaque major histocompatibility complex class I Mamu-A*02 revealed by two peptide complex structures and insights into immune escape of simian immunodeficiency virus， Journal of Virology，2011，通讯作者 （48）Influenza A virus neuraminidase N5 has an extended 150-cavity，Journal of Virology，2011，通讯作者 （49）Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 3C proteases: binding to Rupintrivir and their substrates and anti-hand, foot, and mouth disease virus drug design，Journal of Virology，2011，通讯作者 （50）从人类基因组到人造生命：克雷格文特尔领路生命科学，生物工程学报，2010，通讯作者 （51）天然免疫抗病毒效应分子Mx 蛋白的结构与功能研究进展，生物化学与生物物理进展，2010，通讯作者 （52）It is not just AIV: From avian to swine-origin influenza virus，Science China Life Sciences，2010，通讯作者 （53）In-silicon characterization of the functional and structural modules of the haemagglutinin protein from the swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1)-2009，Science China Life Sciences，2010，通讯作者 （54）Serological surveillance of influenza A virus infection in swine populations in Fujian Province, China: no evidence of naturally occurring H5N1 infection in pigs，Zoonoses and Public Health，2010，通讯作者 （55）Identification and structural definition of H5-specific CTL epitopes restricted by HLA-A*0201 derived from H5N1 subtype of influenza A viruses， Journal of General Virology，2010，通讯作者 （56）Galanin protects against intracellular amyloid toxicity in human primary neurons，Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease，2010，通讯作者 （57）Crystal structure of EHEC intimin: insights into the complementarity between EPEC and EHEC，PLoS ONE，2010，通讯作者 （58）基于结构的抗流感病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂的设计和研发，医药生物技术，2010，通讯作者 （59）Genetic correlation between current circulating H1N1 swine and human influenza viruses，Journal of Clinical Virology，2010，通讯作者 （60）Detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry，Biosensors and Bioelectronics，2010，通讯作者 （61）The 2009 pandemic H1N1 neuraminidase N1 lacks the 150-cavity in its active site.，Nature Structural and Molecular Biology，2010，通讯作者 （62）A dimeric structure of PD-L1: functional units or evolutionary relics，Protein and Cell，2010，通讯作者 （63）Crystal structure of the swine-origin A (H1N1)-2009 influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) reveals similar antigenicity to that of the 1918 pandemic virus，Protein and Cell，2010，通讯作者 （64）Na+/K+-ATPase β1 subunit interacts with M2 proteins of influenza A and B viruses and affects the virus replication，Science China Life Sciences，2010，通讯作者 （65）Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured HLA-A*2402 restricted CTL-epitope stabilized by intra-chain hydrogen-bonds from SARS-CoV N protein，Journal of Virology，2010，通讯作者 （66）Uncovering newly emerging variants of Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic agent，Trends in Microbiology，2010，通讯作者 （67）The membrane protein of SARS-CoV acts as a dominant immunogen revealed by a clustering region of novel functional and structural defined CTL epitopes，The Journal of Infectious Diseases，2010，通讯作者 （68）Revival of gene therapy，Protein and Cell，2010，通讯作者 （69）Interspecies transmission and host restriction of avian H5N1 influenza virus，Science China Life Sciences，2009，通讯作者 （70）动物源性流感病毒与人流感流行，科技导报，2009，通讯作者 （71）Structural insight into the catalytic mechanism of gluconate 5-dehydrogenase from Streptococcus suis: crystal structures of the substrate-free and quaternary complex enzymes，Protein Science，2009，通讯作者 （72）Stable non-synonymous substitutions on NS gene (NS1 and NS2 proteins) of Qinghai Lake H5N1 influenza virus (Clade 2.2) after successive passages in Muscovy ducks，Science China Series C: Life Science，2009，通讯作者 （73）MyBASE: a database for genome polymorphism and gene function studies of Mycobacterium，BMC Microbiology，2009，通讯作者 （74）Avian influenza virus, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, SARS-coronavirus and beyond: molecular epidemiology, ecology and the situation in China，Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences)，2009，通讯作者 （75）Structure and cleavage-specificity of the chymotrypsin-like serine protease (3CLSP/nsp4) of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)，Journal of Molecular Biology，2009，通讯作者 （76）Crystal structures of Streptococcus suis mannonate dehydratase (ManD) and its complex with substrate: genetic and biochemical evidence for a catalytic mechanism，Journal of Bacteriology，2009，通讯作者 （77）The challenges of avian influenza virus: mechanism, epidemiology and control，Science China Life Sciences，2009，通讯作者 （78）Autophagy is involved in influenza A virus replication，Autophagy，2009，通讯作者 （79）恒河猴MHC-I类分子Mamu-A*02与SIV抗原表位复合物的纯化和晶体学研究，生物工程学报，2009，通讯作者 （80）鸡β2-微球蛋白及其硒代衍生物的制备和晶体学研究，科技导报，2009，通讯作者 （81）Structural immunology and crystallography help immunologists see the immune system in action: How T and NK cells touch their ligands，IUBMB Life，2009，通讯作者 （82）Crystal structure of myeloid cell activating receptor leukocyte Ig-like receptor A2 (LILRA2/ILT1/LIR-7) domain swapped dimer: molecular basis for its non-binding to MHC complexes，Journal of Molecular Biology，2009，通讯作者 （83）Rhesus macaque: a tight homodimeric CD8？？，Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics，2009，通讯作者 （84）Analysis of hemagglutinin-mediated entry tropism of H5N1 avian influenza，Virology Journal，2009，通讯作者 （85）Website for avian flu information and bioinformatics，Science China Life Sciences，2009，通讯作者 （86）免疫学前沿进展 (第二版) 第七章: 结构免疫学研究进展: 主要组织相容性复合物的分子识别，Frontier Progress of Immunology (Edition 2) Chapter 7 Research Progress of Sructural Immunology: Molecular Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex ，人民卫生出版社，2011-12，第3作者 （87）主要组织相容性复合物与多肽的相互作用，Major Histocompatibility Complex: Interaction with Peptides，John Wiley and Sons, Ltd，2011-08，第2作者 （88）应用于健康、环境及生物安全的生物传感器 第七章：应用于人类健康的无标记生物传感器，Biosensors for Health, Environment and Biosecurity Chapter 7: Label-free Biosensors for Health Applications，InTech，2011-07，第1作者 （89）免疫学前沿进展(第一版) 第六章: 结构免疫学研究进展: 主要组织相容性复合物的分子识别，Frontier Progress of Immunology (Edition 1) Chapter 6 Research Progress of Sructural Immunology: Molecular Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex ，人民卫生出版社，2009-12。
埃博拉病毒、艾滋病由西方医药公司和美国防部制造？ 2014-11-05 14:05:14 来源： 乌有之乡网 作者：布罗德里克 点击：726 评论： 1 （查看） 分享到： 5 (Ebola, AIDS Manufactured By Western Pharmaceuticals, US DoD?埃博拉病毒、艾滋病由西方医药公司和美国国防部制造?) 来源：每日观察家 链接地址： http://www.liberianobserver.com/security/ebola-aids-manufactured-western-pharmaceuticals-us-dod 2014年9月9日 导读：科学家声称致命的疾病，如埃博拉病毒和艾滋病是对非洲人进行的生物武器测试。其他报告则称埃博拉病毒的爆发是企图减少非洲人口。利比里亚恰好是该大陆人口增长最快的国家。 科学家们的声称 作者：西里尔·布罗德里克博士，植物病理学教授 亲爱的世界公民们： 我读到了你们在互联网上的一些文章以及其他渠道的文章，文中讨论了埃博拉病毒在利比里亚造成的人员伤亡以及在其他西非国家造成的人类灾难。大约一个星期前，我读了一篇利比里亚之友发表在互联网的新闻摘要说有一种共识认为一个两岁的孩子接触到从刚果飞来的蝙蝠诱发了西非埃博拉疫情爆发。 该报告使我对与埃博拉病毒有关的报告感到不安，这刺激了我，我回应“利比里亚之友”说非洲人民并不象文中暗示的那样无知和轻信。佛龙.斯通博士回应说文章是不是他们写的， “利比里亚之友”仅仅提供服务。然后，他问他是否可以在他们的网络论坛发表我的信。我同意了，但并没有看到它的发表。由于利比里亚和西非其他民众中广泛弥漫着死亡、恐惧，生理创伤和绝望，我有必要对解决这个毁灭性局势做点贡献，这个局势如果得不到正确、有效的处理，可能继续重演。我对解决这个局势讲的五(5)点： 一、埃博拉是转基因(GMO)病毒 霍洛维茨(1998)在其著述《新型病毒：艾滋病和埃博拉-自然、意外或是故意的》中揭示新型疾病威胁的时候直截了当且毫不含糊。在第7章罗伯特.斯特克博士的采访中，在70年代初期的讨论不分明显说明这场战争是在克格勃(KGB)和中央情报局(CIA)控制的国家间进行，而“艾滋病类病毒”的“制造”则明显是针对另一场战争。作为《采访》中的插曲，还提到了德特里克堡的“埃博拉大厦”和(马里兰州) 弗雷德里克的“很多奇怪疾病的问题”。到第12章，他已证实美国存在一种“军方医药行业”打着接种疫苗控制疾病和改善“海外非洲黑人”健康的幌子进行生物武器试验。这本书非常好，所有的领导人以及任何对科学、健康，民众和阴谋有兴趣的人都应该研究它。我很惊讶的是非洲领导人对这些文本未进行任何确认或引用。 二、埃博拉的历史可怕，早已在非洲秘密测试 我现在在读一本理查德.普雷斯顿的小说《热点地区》(The Hot Zone)(1989年和1994年的版权);它让人撕心裂肺。著名多产作家史蒂芬.金被引述说“书中所述是我我所读过的最可怕的情况之一。多么了不起的作品。”作为《纽约时报》的畅销书，《热点地区》的介绍是“一个可怕的真实故事。”是的，很恐怖，因为对埃博拉病毒杀死动物的病理描述在最近的爆发中一直在对几内亚、塞拉利昂和利比里亚的民众进行相同的毒杀：埃博拉病毒破坏人体的内脏器官，死亡后尸体迅速腐化。即使冷冻以保持低温，尸体仍会变软，组织形同果冻。自发液化就发生在埃博拉病毒杀死的人们的尸体上!第1点提到的作者霍洛维茨博士斥责《热点地区》写得政治正确;我很清楚，因为他的书尽一切努力写得非常现实。1976年扎伊尔总统蒙博托主政期间的埃博拉病毒事件预示着转基因埃博拉病毒进入非洲。 三、非洲周围的地区以及西非在过去几年里被当作新型疾病，特别是埃博拉的测试区域 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和其他一些联合国机构 都参与了选择和诱惑非洲国家参加测试活动、推动疫苗接种，但致力于群体性测试。“全球研究”的乔恩.拉帕珀特2014年8月2日的文章《西非：美国的生物战研究人员正在埃博拉疫区做什么?》(West Africa: What are US Biological Warfare Researchers Doing in the Ebola Zone?)一针见血地指出了非洲国家政府所面临的问题。 显然该文和和其他报告包括以下及其他机构： (一)众所周知的生物战研究中心“美国陆军医学传染病研究所”(USAMRIID)位于马里兰州的德特里克堡; (二)美国新奥尔良的杜兰大学(Tulane University)赢得了研究经费，其中包括拨款超过700万美元由美国国家卫生研究院(NIH)资助的拉沙病毒性出血热的研究; (三)美国疾病控制中心(CDC); (四)无国界医生组织(其法文名称是Medicins Sans Frontiers); (五)“技术奇迹”(Tekmira)，加拿大制药公司; (六)英国的葛兰素史克公司;以及 (七)塞拉利昂凯内马市凯内马政府医院。 有报告讲述了美国国防部(DOD)资助的埃博拉病毒人体试验，这些实验是埃博拉疫情在几内亚和塞拉利昂爆发前几个星期开始的。这些报告接着指出国防部将价值1.4亿美元的合同交给了加拿大制药公司“技术奇迹”(Tekmira)进行埃博拉病毒的研究。这项研究工作涉及到给健康人注射和注入致命的埃博拉病毒。因此，美国国防部被列为埃博拉临床试验“第一人”的合作者(代号为NCT02041715，该实验于2014年1月开始，此后不久的三月份，西非被宣布为埃博拉疫区。令人不安的是，许多报告还得出结论说，美国政府在凯内马市有一个病毒性发烧生物恐怖主义研究实验室，该市位于西非埃博拉疫情中心。我所阅读的文中里面，唯一还算积极和道德的橄榄枝是英国卫报网(Theguardian.com)的报道：“在美国政府资助对健康人进行埃博拉病毒试验之际，哈佛和耶鲁大学的顶尖科学家警告说这种病毒的实验风险会引发全球流感大流行。”这种威胁依然然存在。 四、对于强加给利比里亚和其他非洲民众的埃博拉病毒和其他致病因素造成的死亡、伤害和创伤，有必要采取法律行动来获得由于长期的不公正所造成的损害补偿。 美国、加拿大、法国和英国参与了这些令人深恶痛绝的埃博拉病毒测试的邪恶行为。有必要寻求刑事和民事损害补偿，非洲国家和民众应该得到法律代表，以寻求这些国家、一些企业以及联合国的赔偿。起诉杜兰大学的证据似乎很丰富，诉讼应该从这里开始。洋一尤伊奇的文章《埃博拉爆发恰逢联合国的疫苗接种运动》刊登在2014年8月18日的《自由灯塔报》上。 五、非洲国家领导人和非洲国家必须带头捍卫婴儿、儿童、非洲妇女、非洲男人和老人。这些市民不应该被当作豚鼠！ 非洲大陆不应该被贬谪为危险化学品的处置和填埋场、危险药物或新型疾病的生物制剂试验场。目前迫切需要平权行动来保护较贫穷国家，尤其是非洲的公民，他们的国家在科学和工业方面没有美国和大多数西方国家得天独厚的条件，后者还是大多数战略性设计成生物武器的转基因病毒或细菌的来源地。最令人不安的是，美国政府在塞拉利昂运作的病毒性出血热生物恐怖主义研究实验室。还有别人吗?无论它们在何处，都是时候终止它们了。如果还有任何其他站点，最好采取延迟但必要的步骤：塞拉利昂关闭美国的生物武器实验室并阻止杜兰大学作进一步的测试。 全世界都要警觉起来。所有的非洲人、美洲人、欧洲人、中东人、亚洲人以及地球上每一个秘密会议参与者们都应该感到震惊。非洲人民，尤其是利比里亚、几内亚和塞拉利昂的受害民众，每天都在死亡。倾听那些不信任医院、不能握手、不能拥抱亲朋好友的人们的心声吧。无辜的人们在死亡，他们需要我们的帮助。这些国家很贫穷，不能提供疫情需要的整套个人防护装备(PPE)。这种威胁是真实的，它比几个非洲国家的情况更严重。面临的挑战是全球性的，我们请求来自世界各地的帮助，包括中国、日本、澳大利亚、印度、德国、意大利，甚至是来自美国、法国、英国、俄罗斯、韩国、沙特阿拉伯的好心人，以及其他任何地方愿望的人们。情况比深处外界的我们所想象的更加凄凉，我们必须提供力所能及的帮助，但是我们能做到。为了确保未来减少这类悲剧，现在要求我们的领导人和政府要诚实、透明、公正、高效地参与是非常重要的。他们必须给人民一个答复。请站起来阻止埃博拉测试和这种罪大恶极的疾病的传播。 非常感谢。 此致， 西里尔E.布罗德里克，高级博士 作者简介 ： 布罗德里克博士曾任利比里亚大学农林学院植物病理学教授。他也是20世纪80年代的前农民观察者。80年代后期，正是从我们的报纸《每日观察报》的这一个栏目即“火石”发现了他，给他提供了研究总监的位置。此外，他是一个科学家，在美国特拉华州立大学的农学院任教多年。 （本文由半解一知半解1翻译） 附英文原文： Ebola, AIDS Manufactured By Western Pharmaceuticals, US DoD? By: Dr. Cyril Broderick, Professor of Plant Pathology Dear World Citizens: I have read a number of articles from your Internet outreach as well as articles from other sources about the casualties in Liberia and other West African countries about the human devastation caused by the Ebola virus. About a week ago, I read an article published in the Internet news summary publication of the Friends of Liberia that said that there was an agreement that the initiation of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa was due to the contact of a two-year old child with bats that had flown in from the Congo. That report made me disconcerted with the reporting about Ebola, and it stimulated a response to the “Friends of Liberia,” saying that African people are not ignorant and gullible, as is being implicated. A response from Dr. Verlon Stone said that the article was not theirs, and that “Friends of Liberia” was simply providing a service. He then asked if he could publish my letter in their Internet forum. I gave my permission, but I have not seen it published. Because of the widespread loss of life, fear, physiological trauma, and despair among Liberians and other West African citizens, it is incumbent that I make a contribution to the resolution of this devastating situation, which may continue to recur, if it is not properly and adequately confronted. I will address the situation in five (5) points: 1. EBOLA IS A GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) Horowitz (1998) was deliberate and unambiguous when he explained the threat of new diseases in his text, Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola - Nature, Accident or Intentional. In his interview with Dr. Robert Strecker in Chapter 7, the discussion, in the early 1970s, made it obvious that the war was between countries that hosted the KGB and the CIA, and the ‘manufacture’ of ‘AIDS-Like Viruses’ was clearly directed at the other. In passing during the Interview, mention was made of Fort Detrick, “the Ebola Building,” and ‘a lot of problems with strange illnesses’ in “Frederick .” By Chapter 12 in his text, he had confirmed the existence of an American Military-Medical-Industry that conducts biological weapons tests under the guise of administering vaccinations to control diseases and improve the health of “black Africans overseas.” The book is an excellent text, and all leaders plus anyone who has interest in science, health, people, and intrigue should study it. I am amazed that African leaders are making no acknowledgements or reference to these documents. 2. EBOLA HAS A TERRIBLE HISTORY, AND TESTING HAS BEEN SECRETLY TAKING PLACE IN AFRICA I am now reading The Hot Zone, a novel, by Richard Preston (copyrighted 1989 and 1994); it is heart-rending. The prolific and prominent writer, Steven King, is quoted as saying that the book is “One of the most horrifying things I have ever read. What a remarkable piece of work.” As a New York Times bestseller, The Hot Zone is presented as “A terrifying true story.” Terrifying, yes, because the pathological description of what was found in animals killed by the Ebola virus is what the virus has been doing to citizens of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia in its most recent outbreak: Ebola virus destroys peoples’ internal organs and the body deteriorates rapidly after death. It softens and the tissues turn into jelly, even if it is refrigerated to keep it cold. Spontaneous liquefaction is what happens to the body of people killed by the Ebola virus! The author noted in Point 1, Dr. Horowitz, chides The Hot Zone for writing to be politically correct; I understand because his book makes every effort to be very factual. The 1976 Ebola incident in Zaire, during President Mobutu Sese Seko, was the introduction of the GMO Ebola to Africa. 3. SITES AROUND AFRICA, AND IN WEST AFRICA, HAVE OVER THE YEARS BEEN SET UP FOR TESTING EMERGING DISEASES, ESPECIALLY EBOLA The World Health Organization (WHO) and several other UN Agencies have been implicated in selecting and enticing African countries to participate in the testing events, promoting vaccinations, but pursuing various testing regiments. The August 2, 2014 article, West Africa: What are US Biological Warfare Researchers Doing in the Ebola Zone? by Jon Rappoport of Global Research pinpoints the problem that is facing African governments. Obvious in this and other reports are, among others: (a) The US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), a well-known centre for bio-war research, located at Fort Detrick, Maryland; (b) Tulane University, in New Orleans, USA, winner of research grants, including a grant of more than $7 million the National Institute of Health (NIH) to fund research with the Lassa viral hemorrhagic fever; (c) the US Center for Disease Control (CDC); (d) Doctors Without Borders (also known by its French name, Medicins Sans Frontiers); (e) Tekmira, a Canadian pharmaceutical company; (f) The UK’s GlaxoSmithKline; and (g) the Kenema Government Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. Reports narrate stories of the US Department of Defense (DoD) funding Ebola trials on humans, trials which started just weeks before the Ebola outbreak in Guinea and Sierra Leone. The reports continue and state that the DoD gave a contract worth $140 million dollars to Tekmira, a Canadian pharmaceutical company, to conduct Ebola research. This research work involved injecting and infusing healthy humans with the deadly Ebola virus. Hence, the DoD is listed as a collaborator in a “First in Human” Ebola clinical trial (NCT02041715, which started in January 2014 shortly before an Ebola epidemic was declared in West Africa in March. Disturbingly, many reports also conclude that the US government has a viral fever bioterrorism research laboratory in Kenema, a town at the epicentre of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The only relevant positive and ethical olive-branch seen in all of my reading is that Theguardian.com reported, “The US government funding of Ebola trials on healthy humans comes amid warnings by top scientists in Harvard and Yale that such virus experiments risk triggering a worldwide pandemic.” That threat still persists. 4. THE NEED FOR LEGAL ACTION TO OBTAIN REDRESS FOR DAMAGES INCURRED DUE TO THE PERPETUATION OF INJUSTICE IN THE DEATH, INJURY AND TRAUMA IMPOSED ON LIBERIANS AND OTHER AFRICANS BY THE EBOLA AND OTHER DISEASE AGENTS. The U. S., Canada, France, and the U. K. are all implicated in the detestable and devilish deeds that these Ebola tests are. There is the need to pursue criminal and civil redress for damages, and African countries and people should secure legal representation to seek damages from these countries, some corporations, and the United Nations. Evidence seems abundant against Tulane University, and suits should start there. Yoichi Shimatsu’s article, The Ebola Breakout Coincided with UN Vaccine Campaigns, as published on August 18, 2014, in the Liberty Beacon. 5. AFRICAN LEADERS AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES NEED TO TAKE THE LEAD IN DEFENDING BABIES, CHILDREN, AFRICAN WOMEN, AFRICAN MEN, AND THE ELDERLY. THESE CITIZENS DO NOT DESERVE TO BE USED AS GUINEA PIGS! Africa must not relegate the Continent to become the locality for disposal and the deposition of hazardous chemicals, dangerous drugs, and chemical or biological agents of emerging diseases. There is urgent need for affirmative action in protecting the less affluent of poorer countries, especially African citizens, whose countries are not as scientifically and industrially endowed as the United States and most Western countries, sources of most viral or bacterial GMOs that are strategically designed as biological weapons. It is most disturbing that the U. S. Government has been operating a viral hemorrhagic fever bioterrorism research laboratory in Sierra Leone. Are there others? Wherever they exist, it is time to terminate them. If any other sites exist, it is advisable to follow the delayed but essential step: Sierra Leone closed the US bioweapons lab and stopped Tulane University for further testing. The world must be alarmed. All Africans, Americans, Europeans, Middle Easterners, Asians, and people from every conclave on Earth should be astonished. African people, notably citizens more particularly of Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone are victimized and are dying every day. Listen to the people who distrust the hospitals, who cannot shake hands, hug their relatives and friends. Innocent people are dying, and they need our help. The countries are poor and cannot afford the whole lot of personal protection equipment (PPE) that the situation requires. The threat is real, and it is larger than a few African countries. The challenge is global, and we request assistance from everywhere, including China, Japan, Australia, India, Germany, Italy, and even kind-hearted people in the U.S., France, the U.K., Russia, Korea, Saudi Arabia, and anywhere else whose desire is to help. The situation is bleaker than we on the outside can imagine, and we must provide assistance however we can. To ensure a future that has less of this kind of drama, it is important that we now demand that our leaders and governments be honest, transparent, fair, and productively engaged. They must answer to the people. Please stand up to stop Ebola testing and the spread of this dastardly disease. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Dr. Cyril E. Broderick, Sr. About the Author: Dr. Broderick is a former professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Liberia’s College of Agriculture and Forestry. He is also the former Observer Farmer in the 1980s. It was from this column in our newspaper, the Daily Observer, that Firestone spotted him and offered him the position of Director of Research in the late 1980s. In addition, he is a scientist, who has taught for many years at the Agricultural College of the University of Delaware. 请支持独立网站，转发请注明乌有之乡网刊链接： http://www.wyzxwk.com/Article/guoji/2014/11/331755.html
Lancet 为 Ebola 向中国求援 在这个变幻莫测的星球上，不知何日何时开始，中国人和中国医学越来越被世界科学前沿看好。埃博拉风起云涌半年有余，死亡率由百分之 50 上升为百分之 70 ！现代医学发祥地的权威科学世界不由得慌了手脚，终于放下了现代医学牛哄哄的架子，一面埋怨中国的亿万富翁没有给予足够的支持，一面也向咱中国科学家伙发出了诚恳认真的学术请求。 下面转发一封 Lancet 发来的邮件 ( 居然把俺外星人也列入了求援的“黑名单” ) ，有兴趣陪他们玩的请与我联络，或者自告奋勇自行前往（网） …… The Lancet Ebola Resource Centre - complimentary access to all content 发件人： The Lancet elsevier@sci.scientific-direct.net ( 由 a818b044.1225681.d19855765c6c9281.2.n.3@sci.scientific-direct.net 代发 ) 收件人： D Z Yin dazhongyin002@126.com 时 间： 2014 年 10 月 25 日 03:11 ( 星期六 ) The Lancet Ebola Resource Centre The current outbreak of Ebola in West Africa constitutes the largest and most complex to date. Declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO, the outbreak of a disease with no known treatment or vaccination is proving difficult to contain given the already fragile and under-resourced health systems in the affected areas. In an effort to support the vital work being done, all related content from The Lancet family of journals is now freely accessible on our online Ebola Resource Centre . If you are working in an area affected by Ebola or have expertise in this field of medicine, we encourage you to share your front-line experiences by posting comments on the Resource Centre homepage. You can also follow or join the discussion on Twitter using #EbolaOutbreak. Visit the Ebola Resource Centre to access regularly updated, full-text content including: Article Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak The Lancet Published Online First Comment Ebola: worldwide dissemination risk and response priorities The Lancet Published Online First Controlling Ebola: next steps The Lancet Vol. 384, Issue 9952, p1409-11 The Institut Pasteur network: a crucial partner against Ebola The Lancet Vol. 384, Issue 9950, p1239-40 Editorial Ebola: what lessons for the International Health Regulations? The Lancet Published Online First Ebola: the missing link The Lancet Global Health Published Online First Correspondence Ebola control: effect of asymptomatic infection and acquired immunity The Lancet Published Online First Randomised controlled trials for Ebola: practical and ethical issues The Lancet Vol. 384, Issue 9952, p1423-24 Blog Post Realpolitik and global pandemics The Lancet Global Health Blog Access all Ebola content from The Lancet journals for free at http://ebola.thelancet.com . Bookmark the page to easily visit for regular updates.
最近一期《Science》上发表了一篇有关今年爆发的埃博拉病毒基因组测序论文，从其分析结果中推断了关于此次疫情的来源和传播模式： Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak。 这无疑是一篇极为 重要的文章，这篇貌似与平常论文一样的文章却有着非同寻常的沉重故事。 这篇国际合作 论文有 58名共同作者，文章8月5号投稿，21号接受。 《Science》同时报道了 令人遗憾的消息：有六位共同作者没能看到论文的发表，其中，五名作者是在工作中因直接感染了埃博拉病毒而牺牲，一名是在文章后期因中风去世。 Ebola's heavy toll on study authors 。 我试图从下面作者名单群中找到这六位作者名字，还颇费了点时间。国际合作论文的作者众多，他们的名字太容易被忽略了。以黑框标出的去世作者有：Mbalu Fonnie，Alex Moigboi，Alice Kovoma，Mohamed Fullah，Sheik Humarr Khan 和 Sidiki Saffa。让人震惊和难过的是，他们名字后面有个共同点，都 注明 了 个“3”，即隶属于塞拉里昂凯内马政府医院（Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone－KGH），他们 是工作在抗埃博拉第一线医护人员和科技人员。 从“Supplementary Materials ”可以清楚了解到KGH的科研人员如何工作的。他们遵循严格的工作程序筛选可疑病例，准确记录并收集血液样品，分离血浆或者血清，原地提取病毒RNA并诊断 埃博拉病人 ，最后所有生物样品按严格要求冷冻空运送到美国哈佛大学供进一步分析研究。令人赞赏和敬佩的是，KGH本土科学家所做的PCR分析结果质量之高，与后来在美国哈佛进行重复检验结果完全一致，这里有一句简单描述话可以说明 凯内马 科学家是如何完成好他们的 工作的： “ All samples testing positive at the field site were found to be positive by qRT-PCR and sequencing at Harvard. Additionally, all samples testing negative for EBOV at the field also tested negative at Harvard.” 可 以想像，没有他们的认真，努力和牺牲，远在美国和英国的那些顶尖科学家们是无法得到可靠的病人血液样品，无法对埃博拉病毒的来龙去脉进行探索， 也就没有这篇重要论文了 。 这篇用一线工作者生命换来的文章读起来很沉重，科研有时要牺牲，但愿他们的牺牲能为人类早点战胜埃博拉病毒做出贡献。 借此谨向工作在抗埃博拉一线医护人员和科学家表示由衷敬意。 Ebola's heavy toll on study authors
在西非乃至全球，近期埃博拉病毒病防控形势严峻。汤森路透集团作为全球领先的专业信息服务提供商，发布了埃博拉病毒病的相关研发信息报告。报告介绍了埃博拉病毒病的基本情况，从诊断、预防、治疗和相关靶标等角度进行了阐述，详见附件或相关报道： http://thomsonreuters.com/press-releases/082014/early-stage-ebola-treatments 。 报告英文全文： 埃博拉病毒病相关研发信息报告(英文).pdf PHILADEPHIA, PA - The Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters , the world leader in intelligent information for businesses and professionals, released a comprehensive disease profile on Ebola Virus Disease that includes a detailed analysis of two new treatments in the pipeline and two experimental candidates approaching development. Ebola deaths in West Africa have exceeded the 1,000 mark since ravaging Liberia. Practitioners in Britain were recently ordered to look out for symptoms of the killer virus to stop it from taking hold in the UK, with doctors receiving new guidelines on how to deal with suspected cases. Ebola Virus Disease is particularly lethal. According to the World Health Organization, outbreaks have a fatality rate of up to 90 percent. There is currently no effective treatment. The Thomson Reuters Ebola Disease Briefing is available free of charge through its LS Research website, a resource providing researchers with the latest news on disease insights and developing treatments, through reports and biological pathway maps. This resource offers disease profiling and comparative data to the current drug landscape for clinically devastating, relevant diseases, such as Ebola. “Our LS Research resource is designed to place valuable scientific insights into the hands of researchers to offer new angles on understanding devastating diseases—not just as related to Ebola, but for other conditions that continue to compromise quality of life for people around the world,” said Jon Brett-Harris, managing director of Thomson Reuters Life Sciences. Through analysis using Thomson Reuters Integrity —an industry-leading resource providing researchers with reliable, detailed drug RD information across multiple disciplines— LS Research analysts identified two potential Ebola treatments in the drug pipeline: Sarepta Therapeutics’ VP24 expression inhibitor known as “AVI-7537” and Tekmira’s VP24 expression inhibitor known as “Ebola SNALP.” VP24 is believed to play a significant role in Ebola Virus Disease, and may have an effect on the formation and replication of the viral genome. Scientists are now exploring the inhibition of this VP24 protein as a potential treatment to block the building and reproduction of the Ebola Virus genome. Both of these treatments are currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. The LS Research site also provides comprehensive information on the disease itself. There are also two experimental treatment approaches set to move into the pipeline. The first, ZMapp, a novel drug candidate in development by Mapp BioPharmaceutical, LeafBio, Defyru, the U.S. Government and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), is a cocktail of three different humanized monoclonal antibodies produced in nicotina plants that target the virus. The aim of this potential therapy is to halt the progression of Ebola; it was recently successful in treating two American healthcare workers infected by the outbreak in West Africa. The second is a vaccine candidate rVSVdeltaG-SWGP-2A-MFL being developed by the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology . It consists of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing multiple regional fragments of the Ebola virus. To further support the efforts in the fight against the Ebola virus, Thomson Reuters BioWorld, an industry-leading biopharmaceutical news resource, has comprised a collection of articles highlighting the most innovative research in recent years and the latest updates to provide greater insight into the disease and the treatments in development. Visit BioWorld to view this special report. Visit LS Research to view the Ebola Disease Briefing and a variety of reports providing insights into other devastating conditions. Learn more about Integrity . Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters is the world's leading source of intelligent information for businesses and professionals. We combine industry expertise with innovative technology to deliver critical information to leading decision makers in the financial and risk, legal, tax and accounting, intellectual property and science and media markets, powered by the world's most trusted news organization. For more information, go to www.thomsonreuters.com . Beijing Institute of Biotechnology，应该是中国人民解放军军事医学科学院生物工程研究所？
标签: 埃博拉
