SO FASHION! Previous / Next image (1 of 8) An ongoing project of ours is a look at Chinese fashion throughout the ages. Is it getting better? Is getting worse? Who knows, but all the looks can be found at Qipu Lu, Shanghai! 我们在进行的一个长期项目便是对中国时尚潮流文化如何演变的研究。它们是越来越潮?还是更加糟 ?答案似乎无从得知,但是在上海七浦路,你可以找到时下几乎所有的潮流单品。 FULS Previous / Next image (9 of 9) For better or for worse a lo-fi candid style of photography has come to capture our generation with its raw visual style. Often associated with hipster or streetwear culture it has been made popular by magazines such as Vice and iD. As with a lot of elements in the culture in which we are now immersed there is quite a lot of negativity surrounding the work, but we kinda like it! This series is our interpretation. You don’t have to look very far to find the original inspiration. 无论如何,一系列lo-fi风格的影像创作, 始以其原始的视觉型格捕获我们这一代人。它们往往伴随“潮流”文化出现,而《Vice》和《iD》等媒体则使得他们更加流行受欢迎。而正如现在许多使我们迷其中的文化元素一样,批评反对的声音也总是掺杂其中,但这并不能阻挡我们的创作人情,我们仍旧乐此不彼!此系列影像表达了我们的态度,不难看到其中的内涵。 PAGODAS Previous / Next image (13 of 13) This series of images are based on the secret lives of pagodas and assorted other structures. They form a series of work that we have shown in exhibitions around the world and sold as limited edition prints. Some of the pagodas have also been used in a commercial project for Swatch. 该系列的创作基于宝塔的秘密生活并结合其他结构元素。这些作品来自我们之前的展览并在活动中进行限量销售的画作。其中部分作品也被用于Swatch的商业活动中。 HELLO SHAPES Previous / Next image (1 of 4) We've always been big fans of Hello Kitty, and feel that the brand is so ubiquitous that even with all its detail removed, it is still recognisable. Hello Shapes are our ode to this concept. In fact even if one were to remove the shapes and just leave a simple bow, we feel the connotations would remain just as strong. Sanrio wanted to sue us, but our love was too strong for us to care! 我们一直都是Hello Kitty的超级粉丝,并一直觉得它无所不在,甚至即使抹去其大部分细节也仍旧可辨。Hello Shapes系列作品旨在向其致敬。事实上,即使你去掉这些边框只余下简单的蝴蝶结,其内涵依旧鲜明。 Sanrio公司曾想对我们提出控告,但我们的热爱让我们无所畏惧! 0 0
1. Introduction China surpassed the United States in the mid-1970s to become the nation with the largest number of urban dwellers in the world (Figure 1). Although still a predominantly rural country, with an urbanisation rate just under 20%, in absolute numbers China had become – over 30 years ago – the world’s largest urban nation in human history.1 Paradoxically, this ascendance occurred at the end of a period in which China’s public policy was profoundly anti-urban. Much has changed since then. China’s “opening up”, and the introduction of market-oriented reforms in the early 1980s, accelerated urbanisation across China such that, today, 600 million urban Chinese constitute 44% of the country’s population. Indications are that urbanisation will continue, at even more rapid rates in parts of the country, well into this century. Aside from the national socio-economic changes fuelled by urbanisation over the last 30 years, the growth of China’s cities is starting to have major global impacts. The most obvious are environmental: pollution of coastal waters by industries and untreated urban wastewater; cross-border and inter-continental air pollution from power plants, industries, and motor vehicles; and emissions that have made the country the second largest contributor to global warming. But less obvious global linkages are equally important: China’s transformation into the world’s biggest consumer of steel, cement and a wide range of resource commodities, including carbon-based energy sources, that is beginning to affect availability and supply prices in other countries; the transformation of China’s cities into the world’s factory; and the rapid evolution of the urban populace into a consumer base that is changing what global firms produce, and how they market them. Economic changes in China’s cities are fundamentally changing the global structure of flows of natural resources, products, capital, technology, information, and people.2 Many aspects of public policy in OECD countries will increasingly need to be considered within a global context influenced by China’s urbanisation, and how China’s government manages that urbanisation. This paper provides an introduction to urban trends and policies in China, and is largely descriptive. It describes urban growth trends, where and in what kinds of cities growth is occurring, how China’s cities are governed, and how public policy has influenced the extent, pace, and spatial distribution of urbanisation. The report concludes with a description of some of the key policy challenges facing central and local urban governments in China. • Section 2: China’s changing approaches to urbanisation outlines describes key changes to national urbanisation policy since 1949, and the resulting classification and statistical issues associated with accurately measuring historical levels of urbanisation. • Section 3: Urbanisation trends and projections present official government urbanisation estimates and projections to 2020, and the distribution of China’s urban population by location and city size. • Section 4: China’s urbanising regions describes how urbanisation is consolidating 28 Regional Urban Systems across the country, some of which cross provincial boundaries, and the implications of these urban systems for national regional development policy. It also describes the emergence of 53 metropolitan regions, with populations over one million, all of which cross municipal boundaries. Their economic performance and prospects are reviewed, including issues surrounding national and global competitiveness, especially related to human capital. Key constraints to the realisation of agglomeration economies in these emerging metropolitan regions are outlined. • Section 5: Urban governance describes the current system of sub-national governance in China, the allocation of functional responsibilities among levels of government, the need for better inter-governmental co-ordination, and resulting policy implications. • Section 6: Key policy challenges facing concludes with a review of challenges in attaining and sustaining the global competitiveness of China’s cities, managing environmental quality in cities, ensuring equity in the urbanisation process, and implementing more effective urban governance. • The paper concludes by providing a short executive summary. 原文见 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/28/21/42607972.pdf
Chen Zhu: from barefoot doctor to China's Minister of Health Original Text Jonathan Watts This article contains 1 flash audio/video. Please enable javascript in your browser to play flash audio/video online. var flashinstalled = 0; var i = 0; var j = 0; var flashVersion = GetSwfVer(); if(flashVersion != -1) flashinstalled = 1; if(flashinstalled == 1) { document.write(' ' +' ' +' Audio (1): ' +' ' +' ') document.write(' 1 ') document.write(' ' +' ' +' ') document.write(' ' +' ') document.write(' ' +' video1 ') document.write(' video/0140-6736/PIIS0140673608615615.mmc1.mp3 ') document.write(' rtmp://cp100886.edgefcs.net:443/ondemand/ ') document.write(' http://download.thelancet.com/images/journalimages/0140-6736/PIIS0140673608615615. 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' +' ') } Audio (1): 1 video1 video/0140-6736/PIIS0140673608615615.mmc1.mp3 rtmp://cp100886.edgefcs.net:443/ondemand/ http://download.thelancet.com/images/journalimages/0140-6736/PIIS0140673608615615. thelancet 0140-6736 S0140673608615615_A1 mp3 00:05:04.57 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673608615615/fulltext Web audio Interview with Chen Zhu, China's Minister of Health Download This audio (3.49MB) setupFullCaption(); createPageSet("videoPages1"); initPlayer('videoHolder1'); document.write(' '); Full-size image (20K) Download to PowerPoint Even by the standards of the construction site that is 21st-century China, Chen Zhu has embarked on an ambitious architectural project. By 2010, the country's non-communist Minister of Health aims to have laid, supported by the State Council, the foundations of a stronger public health-care system for China's 1·3 billion people. Not only does this mean investing billions in infrastructure, training millions of health workers, and new medical-insurance schemes, it also involves the difficult task of persuading hospital directors, pharmacists, and bureaucrats that health-care services are primarily public goods rather than markets. Given the scale of the undertaking and the vested interests that must be overcome, the task is revolutionary, which may explain why Prime Minister Wen Jiabao chose Chen, a political outsider, to take it on. The Shanghai-born academic is only the second non-communist in 35 years to hold such a senior post. His route to the top is unorthodox. During the Cultural Revolution, he was sent to the countryside for 5 years, where he taught himself basic medicine and became a “barefoot doctor”. He later specialised in haematology, gene cloning, and DNA sequencing. After taking his doctorate in Paris, France, at the Hpital Saint-Louis, he returned to China, later becoming Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Science. Chen has a track record of establishing institutions, including a biomedical research institute in Guangzhou, a biomass energy centre in Tianjin, and several institutes for the Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences. But nothing compares to his current task of rebuilding China's health system. A fluent English speaker, Chen is candid about the challenges caused by the shift towards market economics in the 1980s: “People didn't realise there could be a failure of the market mechanism in certain social areas, such as health care”. For Chen, the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome crisis was a turning point: “For some time, the medical care system was given more attention—big hospitals and medical centres. Of course these are necessary. But in the meantime, the importance of public health was a little weakened. The issue became very acute during the SARS outbreak.” But Chen emphasises that economic reforms have also had health benefits. In the past 30 years, life expectancy has increased from 68 years to 73 years, and infant and maternal mortality rates are at the lowest levels among developing nations. With a growing economy, the government budget has surged to US$700 billion, which means more cash for health care. Extra cash is long overdue. The financial burden of medical treatment in China has been disproportionately borne by individuals. Chen is trying to change that through medical-insurance schemes to cover 90% of the population by 2010, introduction of the concept of “essential medicines”, and greater investment in grassroots health services. Most controversially he hopes to buy back control of major public hospitals. These institutions have become dependent on revenues generated by their 15% extra commission on drug sales. Chen says this system encourages hospitals to unnecessarily prescribe and sell expensive drugs. “This is definitely something we must get rid of. But it isn't easy”, he says. Hospital directors have so much independence that they can decide by themselves what equipment to buy and whether to acquire land for new facilities. Chen wants to establish a system of management boards and regional planning. An infusion of public money is crucial. “If we don't invest, how can we have control? This is a very complicated issue but we believe this is a must”, he says. Chen also plans to lift the state share of hospital budgets from 6—8% to 25—30%. A pilot project will begin next year. The ministry is in discussion with local authorities, medical bodies, and the directors of hospitals. “We must be very prudent, very careful because this is a very sensitive area. So we won't do it immediately in Shanghai or Beijing. We will choose a medium size city with relatively good economic and social development because you need money, huge money”, he explains. Chen denies that this shift away from the free market is turning back the clock. While the past 30 years of change unleashed entrepreneurial initiative, he says it is now time to promote justice and equality in basic health care: “What we are going to take is a revolutionary concept, but in practice we are using the approach of reform. You cannot make heaven overnight. You need to have a step-by-step approach.” Philosophically, Chen is advocating a whole new way of thinking about health care. “We should enlarge our vision”, he says. As well as treatment and disease prevention, “health care should cover essential areas like food safety, clean drinking water, environmental protection, and occupational safety in a country with very rapid economic growth. These things are fundamental and not easy.” Chen's task is formidable. In China's political structure, a Health Minister ranks equal to a provincial governor and Chen faces the challenge of coordinating the 17 other ministries and agencies that have a say in health policy. Hospital directors and pharmaceutical executives will not easily give up lucrative lines of business. With the global economic downturn, the finance ministry may think twice about providing the huge sums that “health for all” will require. But Chen is leading an overdue shift from wealth to health. Clearly a committed, brilliant academic with experience in both China's poor countryside and elite overseas institutions, he now faces his greatest test. WebExtra Content Web audio MP3 (3570K) Interview with Chen Zhu, China's Minister of Health