Journal Impact Factors will coincide with the release of the next generation InCites on July 29, 2014 引用 and 转发： Essential Science Indicators and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) , two globally trusted scholarly analysis solutions, are being rolled into next generation InCites creating a seamless connection across the platform. The launch of this year’s Journal Citation Reports, the most comprehensive collection of profiles and metrics supporting deep evaluation of journal attributes and performance – and including the much anticipated Journal Impact Factors – will coincide with the release of the next generation InCites on July 29, 2014. 转发网址： http://thomsonreuters.com/press-releases/062014/Thomson-Reuters-Research-Analytics-Enhancements
Today, I read two interesting new papers. Both of them are about NAC. The ABI4-Induced Arabidopsis ANAC060 Transcription FactorAttenuates ABA Signaling and Renders Seedlings Sugar Insensitive when Presentin the Nucleus http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004213 1) ANAC060 is involved in sugar signaling. 2) ANAC060 is differently spliced in two naturalvariation ecotypes. Contribution of NAC Transcription Factors to Plant Adaptation to Land http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2014/03/19/science.1248417.full.pdf The development of cells specialized for water conduction orsupport is a striking innovation of plants that has enabled them to colonizeland. The NAC transcription factors regulate differentiation of these cells invascular plants. However, the path by which plants with these cells haveevolved from those of their non-vascular ancestors is unclear. We investigatedgenes of the moss Physcomitrella patens that encode NAC proteins. Loss-of-function mutants formed abnormalwater-conducting and supporting cells, as well as malformed sporophyte cells,and overexpression induced ectopic differentiation of water-conducting-likecells. Our results show conservation of transcriptional regulation and cellularfunction between moss and Arabidopsis thaliana water-conducting cells. The conserved genetic basis suggests roles for NACproteins in the adaptation of plants to land.
Evaluation of SNPs in miR-196-a2, miR-27a and miR-146a as risk factors of colorectal cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374987/ The most frequently studied miRNA-associated SNP in cancer is rs11614913 in the pre-miRNA region of miR-196-a2. Hu et al observed the association of the rs11614913: T C variant genotype with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer . A number of case-control studies were consequently performed in breast , lung , gastric , esophageal , hepatocellular and head and neck cancer . More recently, two contradictory studies were published evaluating rs11614913 as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer in the Chinese population (T vs C allele-OR 1.320; CI: 1.056-1.649, P = 0.014 vs OR 1.065; CI: 0.803-1.414, P = 0.665 ). Thus, a significant association with the risk of various types of solid cancers, with the exception of colorectal cancer, has been repeatedly reported for SNPs: rs11614913 in miR-196-a2, rs895819 in hsa-miR-27a and rs2910164 in miR-146a; consequently, we decided to perform a case-control study evaluating these three SNPs and the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer in a Central-European Caucasian population.
刚看到一篇关于长寿的文章，现与大家分享。男人寿命较女性短，各位男士应该更为关注，盼望对大家有所帮助！ 如何才能长寿 文章类型: Primary Article by Pat Crowley, Excerpta Medica 来自 Even in the oldest old, lifestyle is one of the key factors PMID How to live a long life 即使在高龄老年人中，生活方式仍是关键因素之一 背景 人们认为，寿命受到多种因素间复杂的相互作用的影响，这些因素包括生物、心理和环境因素等。 虽然现已知道，生活方式因素，如吸烟、饮酒、体重等可预测老年人中的死亡率，但是尚未确定这是否也适用于高龄老年人群（ 85 岁）。 本文介绍了一项基于人群的队列研究的结果，该研究探讨了与老年人长寿相关的可控性因素。 这项 Kungsholmen 研究中的 1810 名参与者年龄 ≥ 75 岁，并接受了为期 18 年的随访。 在研究期间，91.8% 的参与者死亡。 在研究结束时，幸存者和死亡者的中位年龄分别为 96.1 岁和 89.5 岁。 与死亡者相比，幸存者更有可能为女性，具有健康的生活方式因素，高学历，参加休闲活动，并具有较为发达的社交网络。 体重正常的参与者比体重过轻的参与者寿命延长 1 年左右，而不吸烟者比当前吸烟者的寿命延长 1 年左右。 参加体育活动的参与者的中位死亡年龄比不参加体育活动者大 2 岁左右。 风险特征指的是多种因素的组合，包括生活方式行为，休闲活动，及具有发达的社交网络。 低风险参与者比高风险者寿命延长的中位数是 5.4 年。 在高龄老年参与者和患有慢性疾病的参与者中，低风险者的中位死亡年龄比高风险者大 4 岁。 结论 在 75 岁以上老年人乃至高龄老年人（≥ 85 岁）或患有慢性疾病的老年人中，生活方式行为，如吸烟和锻炼等与生存相关。 Rizzuto D, Orsini N, Qiu C, et al. Lifestyle, social factors, and survival after age 75: population based study. BMJ. 2012;345:e5568.doi:10.1136/bmj.e5568. 访问 TheLancet.cn 主页 来自医纬达
Variants of three genes related to clopidogrel metabolism and platelet receptor function – CYP2C19, ABCB1, and ITGB3 – appear to be independent risk factors for early stent thrombosis, beyond the already known clinical and angiographic risk factors, according to a report in the Oct. 26 issue of JAMA. A risk-prediction model that incorporated both genetic and clinical data had greater sensitivity and specificity at predicting early stent thrombosis than did a clinical model alone, said Dr. Guillaume Cayla of Institut de Cardiologie, INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, and his associates. The researchers assessed all of the 23 genetic variants that have been reported to correlate with clopidogrel pharmacogenetics and arterial thrombosis to determine which ones contribute most to early stent thrombosis. They used a nationwide French registry of patients who had definite stent thrombosis within 30 days of implantation to identify 123 cases, then matched these for age and sex with 246 control subjects who had no stent thrombosis. Peripheral blood samples from these 369 subjects were genotyped for the suspect genetic variations. Only four variations in three genes were found to be significantly associated with early stent thrombosis. First, the CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele occurred in 49% of cases but only 26% of controls. Second, the CYP2C19 gain-of-function allele occurred in only 20% of cases but in 33% of controls. These findings strengthen the current evidence that CYP2C19 plays a predominant role in clopidogrel metabolism, Dr. Cayla and his colleagues said. "The effects of different genes according to different ethnic groups may warrant dedicated studies." Third, an ABCB1 variant occurred in 32% of cases but only 19% of controls. "The ABCB1 gene encodes a drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein, that modulates clopidogrel absorption. It has been previously associated with reduced clopidogrel response, but with variable clinical consequences," they noted. And fourth, an ITGB3 variant occurred in only 16% of cases but 28% of controls. The ITGB3 gene encodes for integrin beta-3, "a component of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor, which mediates the final pathway of platelet aggregation," they said. There was a dose-response relationship in that risk of early stent thrombosis climbed steadily with carriage of an increasing number of these risk alleles, the investigators said. A risk-prediction model that combined genetic data with clinical data had significantly greater power to predict early stent thrombosis than did a clinical model alone. The combined model had 67% sensitivity and 79% specificity in this regard, compared with 60% sensitivity and 70% specificity for the model using only clinical data. "Patients in the highest tertile of risk using the combined clinical and genetic model had a sevenfold increased risk of early stent thrombosis vs. patients in the lowest tertile," Dr. Cayla and his associates said ( JAMA 2011;306:1765-74 ). The researchers also found that two nongenetic factors – loading dose of clopidogrel and the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – were significantly related to early stent thrombosis. Cases were much more likely than controls to have received a low loading dose of clopidogrel at stent implantation. And cases also were much more likely than controls to be taking PPIs, which have been suspected of interfering with clopidogrel metabolism. Unlike the genetic risk factors, both clopidogrel dose and PPI use are modifiable risk factors, they noted. This study was limited in that patients with the most severe early stent thrombosis died before they could be included in the study, so the genotype-phenotype relation remains unknown for them. "Stent malappositions or underexpansions are other important factors associated with stent thrombosis that were not evaluated," the investigators said. In addition, the study findings may apply only to white patients because virtually all the subjects, who were drawn from the general population in France, were white. "The effects of different genes according to different ethnic groups may warrant dedicated studies," they added. This study was funded by ACTION, the Société Francaise de Cardiologie, the Fédération Francaise de Cardiologie, and INSERM. The French registry of patients with early stent thrombosis was partially supported by Eli Lilly and the SGAM Foundation. Dr. Cayla and his associates reported ties to numerous industry sources. 来源： http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/news/cardiovascular-disease/single-article/variations-in-three-genes-predict-early-stent-thrombosis/2e03d029e5.html
本文亦发布于本人 英文博客 。 During the last two months Ihave read several papers on miRNAs. I noticed miRNAs because they compose an important part of gene regulatory networks and recent discoveries have shown miRNA manipulation can do the job of the transcription factor (TF) routine (developed by Yamanaka 's group since 2006) in cell reprogramming (Anokye-Danso et al., 2011) . It will be beneficial to understand how miRNAs could do the similar things as what TFs can do in terms of gene expression regulation, as well as how different they are in their ways of functioning. Professor Oliver Hobert wrote a review in 2008 elaborating the similarities and differences between miRNAs and TFs in their ways of gene expression regulation. From his review I learned that miRNAs and TFs both compose similar motifs of regulatory networks in terms of topology and that they might have the same target genes. Besides this, miRNAs may cross link with TFs widely, composing more complex motifs and functioning coordinatingly with TFs, rather than play as a separate layer of the regulatory networks. As learned from Hobert 's review , the differences between miRNAs and TFs lie in several aspects. 1) The target loci. -- The sizes of TF targets are often 'dozens of kilobases' while those of miRNA targets are less than 1Kbp. Besides, TFs usually bind with the 5' upstream region of the target gene while miRNAs usually bind with the 3' UTFs of the target messenger RNAs. 2) Efficiency, precision and speed. -- TFs have to be translated in cytoplasm (escaping any possible miRNA repression) and then transported back into nucleus to perform their functions, while miRNAs can function just within the cytoplasm, or even more precisely in particular compartment of the cell. As the result, TF regulation may experience more noise and a higher possibility of interruption, while miRNAs may function with less noise and more instantly upon any signals from outside. 3) Reversibility. -- miRNA-mediated repression may be relieved more rapidly (if possible) than TF-mediated repression. 4) In terms of evolution -- miRNAs have smaller sizes and a non-conding nature thus may be more likely to emerge by mutation than TFs which have longer target-recognizing sequences. 5) In terms of related phenotype defects -- miRNAs are less likely to cause essential developmental failures than TFs (see cited original reports from Miska et al. 2007 and www.wormbase.org ). I keep my doubt to this claim because 80% * 90% seems not so different from 70%, although I wish I could accept it. In addition, some of the above points are side-supported by another review by Peterson et al. in 2007 . In the fantastic paper, the evolutionist authors correlated miRNAs with the evolutionary history of multi-cellular organisms and found that the emergence of miRNAs generally reduce expression noise of the related genes. And indeed, bigger miRNA families emerged more rapidly in more recent taxa, which is related to higher complexity due to more preciesly controled differentiation of new sets of terminal cell types. So generally, could we say that miRNAs are more recently evolved, more related to terminal cell types, more related to precisely, rapid and reversible gene expression regulation than TFs? And, as evolution is going on, is it possible that miRNAs could play the roles of TFs and finally replace the latter? At first glance it is contradictory to the claim in the above 4) that most miRNAs don't play vital roles in development. And it seems miRNAs are only the leaves and fine twigs while TFs construct the major branches of the 'tree' of regulatory networks. But considerring the recent advances of miRNA-mediated reprogramming, things are not so impossible and small twigs can also grow to be big branches. Personally I think, even if it is untrue and impossible, at least it gives some hint to future bio-technology, by which we could devise an organism without TFs but only miRNAs composing its genome regulatory networks.
标签: factors
