牛粪养蚯蚓并种植有机玉米可增加304%经济效益 郭立月 吴光磊 李彩虹 刘文静 虞晓凡 程达 蒋高明 农业生态系统污染是由于过度使用化学肥料和牲畜粪便大量排放造成的。因此，有必要对养殖场粪肥进行安全处理，将牛粪转化为有价值的堆肥就是一种很好的出路。然而，传统堆肥相对耗时，且会造成大量养分损失。利用牛粪养殖蚯蚓并发展堆肥是一种替代方法，但目前为止开展的研究较少。本研究比较蚯蚓堆肥和牛粪普通堆肥种植的玉米产量与经济效益变化。研究结果表明，尽管蚯蚓粪营养含量低于传统堆肥，然而，蚯蚓养殖可带来2172公斤/公顷活蚓产量，为农民提供4008.1美元额外收入。此外，蚯蚓粪堆肥可增加玉米地上生物量增加7.7%，籽粒产量18.3%。蚯蚓处理牛粪并堆肥种植有机玉米可提高304%经济效益，主要通过增加籽粒产量和蚯蚓收入而实现。 上述研究结果于2015年5月份在法国Agronomyfor Sustainable Development上发表。2015年9月24日被欧盟委员会在Science for Environment Policy对该成果进行了专门介绍，供19000多名欧洲政策决策者,学者和商界人士参考。 报道网址为： http://10.255.253.201:9011/ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/compost_made_by_worms_from_livestock_manure_yields_benefits_when_applied_to_maize_428na3_en.pdf Vermicomposting with maize increases agricultural benefits by 304 % Liyue Guo, Guanglei Wu, Caihong Li, Wenjing Liu, Xiaofan Yu, Da Cheng Gaoming Jiang Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2015) 35:1149–1155, INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2015 Pollution of agricultural ecosystems is due to the excessive use of mineral fertilizers and mass discharge of livestock manure. Therefore, there is a need for disposing manure safely, for instance by transforming manure into valuable compost. Traditional compostingis, however, time-consuming with considerable nutrient losses. Vermicomposting is an alternative method, but so far, there are few quantitative evaluations of vermicomposting. We therefore compared vermicomposting and traditional composting of cattle manure with maize. Our results show that the amount of nutrients from vermicomposting is lower than that from traditional composting. Nonetheless, vermicomposting yielded 2172.0 kg of earthworms per hectare, which provided an additional income of US$4008.1 to farmers. Moreover, vermicomposting increased aboveground biomass by 7.7 % and maize grain yield by 18.3 %. The global output of vermicomposting was thus higher by 304 % due to higher grain yield and earthworm income. Keywords Cattle manure .Vermicompost .Traditional compost .Maize .Economic benefits
本团队蚯蚓处理有机肥还田增产实验被 欧盟委员会SEP 专题报道 郭立月 蒋高明 随着集约化农业和畜牧业的发展，过量使用化肥和畜禽粪便的随意堆放导致了严重的生态环境问题。其中的一条解决途径为将畜禽粪便转化成安全的有机肥替代化肥，虽然普通堆肥方法简单方便，但耗时较长，而且流失了大量的养分；蚯蚓堆肥看似复杂，但其处理过的粪便更易被作物利用，而且还可获得大量的优质动物蛋白。究竟哪种方法更能充分利用畜禽粪便里的养分和产生更高的经济收入呢？ 植物研究所蒋高明课题组，将相同重量的牛粪分别经过普通堆肥和蚯蚓处理，之后，将处理过的牛粪施入到大田中，全面分析比较了“牛粪 - 普通堆肥 - 玉米”和“牛粪 - 蚯蚓堆肥 - 玉米”两个不同生产模式中的养分利用、作物产量和经济效益，结果显示牛粪经蚯蚓处理后养分含量较普通堆肥后低，但是前者产生了 2172.0kg/ha 蚯蚓，增加了 4008.1 美元，另外，施入蚯蚓粪后，玉米地上部生物量增加 7.7% ，籽粒产量增加 18.3% ，经过计算，发现牛粪经过蚯蚓处理后比普通堆肥后再施入玉米田可提高收入 304% 。该研究得到了中科院重点部署项目（ KSZDEW-Z-012-2 ）和山东省政府“泰山学者”经费（ No.00523902 ）的共同资助。 该研究结果于 2015 年 5 月份在法国期刊 Agronomyfor Sustainable Development 上正式发表，并于 2015 年 9 月 24 日被欧盟委员会在 Science for Environment Policy 进行了专题报道，该成果介绍已被介绍给 19000 多名欧洲政策决策者 , 学者和商界人士参考。 报道网址为： http://10.255.253.201:9011/ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/compost_made_by_worms_from_livestock_manure_yields_benefits_when_applied_to_maize_428na3_en.pdf （郭立月为中国科学院植物研究所博士后） Science for Environmental Policy 简介 Science for Environment Policy is a free newsand information service published by Directorate-General Environment, EuropeanCommission. It has a mailing list of some 6000 people across Europe and aims tohelp policymakers keep up-to-date with the latest environmental researchfindings needed to design, implement and regulate effective policies. Thelatest newsletter has profiled a recent PBMS study (Crosse et al., 2013) onpolybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs) in sparrow hawks, highlighting how ourstudy may help explain why different studies report different PBDE levels insparrow hawks for the same countries and time periods. The Science forEnvironment article is:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/335na5.pdf
继大米检出转基因成分以后，据绿色和平组织调查，我国东北已经出现了严重的转基因非法种植问题，涉及种子、粮仓、超市玉米产品，检出率异常高。 在黑山县、新民市和法库县的种子市场随机收集的 7 个 玉米种子样品 中， 6 个 检测出非法转基因成分 。在 黑山县、新民市、法库县、彰武县和康平县随机采样的 45 个 田间玉米样品中 42 个 检测出非法转基因成分，占田间样品总量的 93% 。 有关部门信誓旦旦地宣称，中国是对转基因监管最严格的国家，既然最严格那如何来解释这些异常现象呢？按照新公布的食物安全法，大范围转基因种植、收储和销售都是非法行为，谁该来为这些违法行为负责呢？希望有关部门尤其那些挺转专家们，能够尽快给中国消费者一个说法。现附上路透社的报道，供科学网网友参考。 http://club.china.com/data/thread/1011/2782/45/89/1_1.html 路透社：辽宁不同地区玉米抽样93% 有转基因污染 Chinesefarmers are illegally growing GMO corn: Greenpeace http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-gmo-corn-idUSKBN0UK06B20160106 BEIJING | BY DOMINIQUE PATTON A harvester unloads corn to a cargo truck at a farm in Gaocheng,Hebei province, China, September 30, 2015. REUTERS/KIM KYUNG-HOON Farmers are illegally growing genetically modified corn inChina's northeast, said environmental non-profit Greenpeace on Wednesday, in areport that may generate further distrust of the government's ability to ensurea safe food supply. Beijing has spent billions of dollars to develop GMO crops thatit hopes will ensure food supplies for its 1.4 billion people but has not yetapproved commercial cultivation amid deep-seated anti-GMO sentiment. The newfindings seem to confirm concerns that Beijing will be unable to supervise theplanting of GMO crops once commercial cultivation is permitted, leading towidespread contamination of the food chain with GM varieties. In its report, Greenpeace said 93 percent of samples taken lastyear from corn fields in five counties in Liaoning province, part of China'sbreadbasket, tested positive for GMO contamination. Furthermore, almost all of the seed samples taken from grainmarkets and samples of corn-based foods at supermarkets in the area also testedpositive. It is very likely that much of the illegal GE corn hasalready entered grain storage warehouses, wholesale and retail markets acrossthe country, ultimately ending up in citizens' food, said Greenpeace in areport. While Greenpeace said it was not clear how the GMO corn seedsgot into the marketplace, it has long been alleged that GMO plants being testedin field trials have been illegally sold to farmers for commercial use. Such reports have intensified public opposition to thetechnology, with some anti-GMO campaigners going as far as suing the governmentover the failure to disclose information about its approvals for imported GMOcrops and plans to allow domestic cultivation. Among the six corn seed strains that tested positive in theLiaoning seed market, three have not been certified by China's agricultureministry, while three others were certified as conventional seeds and thereforehad been contaminated by GMO varieties, said the organization. The agriculture ministry did not immediately reply to a requestfor comment on the Greenpeace report. The ministry said last year it was changing regulations toincrease supervision of biotech products under development. The GMO corn strains identified in the survey belong tointernational companies Monsanto, Syngenta and Du Pont Pioneer, saidGreenpeace. None of the companies responded to emailed requests for comment. Greenpeace blamed an extremely lax and disorganizedseed market management system for the production and sale of illegal seedvarieties. It said many small seed breeders are not aware of the names ofseeds they are breeding on behalf of other companies nor whether the origins ofthe seeds are legal. Greenpeace recommends that the government investigate all cornbreeding companies and destroy illegal GMO seeds. Additionally, there should beannual inspections of crops in north China during the sowing season, andtougher supervision of GMO crop research and cultivation. It says farmersshould be compensated for their losses if GMO crops are destroyed. The new findings could make Beijing even more cautious aboutproceeding with commercialization of any GMO crops, frustrating internationaland domestic seed firms. Proponents of biotech crops in China argue that commercializingGMO products will reduce the need for farmers to resort to unapproved varietiesto boost their yields. (Reporting By Dominique Patton; Editing by ChristianSchmollinger)
标签: 玉米
