不同耕作与施肥方式对有机玉米田杂草群落和作物产量的影响 博文静 , 郭立月 , 李静 , 韦继光 , 李彩虹 , 李勇 , 蒋高明 * (*通讯作者 ) 中国科学院植物植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 山东农业大学农学院 植物学报 , 2012, 47(6): 637-644. 【摘要】 农田杂草是农业生态系统的重要组成部分。有机农田杂草控制是农业生产的一大难题 ,通过施肥方式改变杂草的竞争格局有望成为杂草控制的新途径。以暖温带有机玉米田为研究对象,设置了5种不同处理,即不施肥对照处理(CK)、施用牛粪处理(CM)、施用蚯蚓处理过的牛粪处理(EM)、免耕秸秆不覆盖处理(NT)和免耕秸秆覆盖处理(NS),研究不同耕作和施肥方式对田间杂草密度、生物量、生物多样性及作物产量的影响。结果表明,在有机玉米农田内共发现杂草17种,CK杂草总密度最高,但杂草总生物量和生物多样性指数较低。EM杂草总生物量和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)生物量最高,分别比CK增加了192.6%和224.8%(P0.01),物种丰富度和生物多样性指数较低,优势集中度指数较高。NS杂草总密度、总生物量和生物多样性与NT相比显著降低。此外,EM玉米(Zea mays)产量比CK高40.2%(P0.01),比CM高19.6%(P0.01)。施用蚯蚓处理过的牛粪不仅提高了玉米产量,而且可以促进优势种杂草的生长,提高杂草群落的优势集中度。 关键词 ： 生物多样性；生物量；优势种；施肥；杂草 Effects of different tillage and fertilization methods on weed community and crop yield in an organic corn field Bo Wenjing , Guo Liyue , Li Xiao , Wei Jiguang , Li Caihong , Li Yong , Jiang Gaoming* (*Correspondence author) State Key Laboratory of vegetation and environmental change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxin cun , Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 Agricultural College of Shandong Agricultural University Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2 012, 47(6): 637-644 Weeds are an important part of agricultural ecosystem. Weed control in organic farmland is a big problem in agricultural production. It is expected to be a new way to change the competition pattern of weeds by applying fertilizer. Five different treatments, CK, cm, EM, NT and NS , were used to study the effects of different tillage and fertilization methods on weed density, biomass, biodiversity and crop yield. The results showed that 17 kinds of weeds were found in organic corn field, and CK had the highest weed density, but the total weed biomass and biodiversity index were low. The total biomass of EM weeds and the biomass of Eleusine indica were the highest, increased by 192.6% and 224.8% respectively compared with CK (P 0.01), the species richness and biodiversity index were lower, and the dominant concentration index was higher. The total density, biomass and biodiversity of NS weeds were significantly lower than NT. In addition, the yield of EM maize ( Zea mays ) was 40.2% higher than CK (P 0.01), 19.6% higher than CM (P 0.01). The application of cow manure treated by earthworm not only increased the yield of corn, but also promoted the growth of dominant species of weeds and the dominant concentration of weed community. Key words: biodiversity; biomass; dominant species; fertilization; weeds
牛粪堆肥与化肥配施对中国东部小麦 - 玉米轮作系统有机质、容重和蚯蚓活动的影响 土壤与耕作学研究 , 156 (2): 140–147. ( 影响因子： 4.675) 郭立月 ab1 吴光磊 a1 李勇 c 李彩虹 a 刘文静 d 孟杰 a 刘海涛 a 虞晓凡 ab 蒋高明 * a （ * 通讯作者） 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室、中国环境科学院 摘要 将牛粪堆肥（ CMC ）与化肥（ CF ）配施于我国东部小麦 - 玉米轮作田，对土壤理化性质、生物活性和土地生产力进行了评价。对表层土壤（ 0-20cm ）有机质、碳储量和固碳量、容重、含水量、全氮含量和蚯蚓种群等指标进行了分析。该研究（ 2009-2014 年）是在相同的氮、磷、钾总量（ 375.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 、 92.4 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1 和 316.3 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1 ）的基础上进行的。六个处理设计为：（ 1 ）对照，不施肥；（ 2 ） NPK ， 100%CF ；（ 3 ） NPKM1 ， 25%CMC+ 75%CF ；（ 4 ） NPKM2 ， 50%CMC+50%CF ；（ 5 ） NPKM3 ， 75%CMC+25%CF ；（ 6 ） CM ， 100%CMC 。结果表明，表层土壤有机质、含水量、全氮和蚯蚓密度与 CMC 显著正相关（ P0.01 ），土壤容重与 CMC 显著负相关。与对照相比，小麦 - 玉米轮作系统的 NPK 、 NPKM1 、 NPKM2 、 NPKM3 和 CM 年平均产量显著提高（ P ≤ 0.05 ），其中 NPKM1 产量最高。单施 CF 不仅降低了蚯蚓的 SOM 、水分和全氮含量，而且对蚯蚓活动产生了负面影响，而 CMC 则减轻了这种负面影响。该发现可能有助于在环境友好前提下，增加粮食供应，改善土壤条件与有机肥堆肥的应用。 关键词： 牛粪堆肥、化肥、土壤有机质、土壤容重、土壤含水量、蚯蚓活性 Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in Eastern China LiyueGuo ab1 GuangleiWu a1 YongLi c CaihongLi a WenjingLiu d Jie Meng a HaitaoLiu a XiaofanYu ab Gaoming Jiang a Soil tillage research , 156 (2): 140–147. (IF=4.675) Abstract Cattle manure compost (CMC) combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied to a wheat–maize rotation field, in Eastern China, to assess soil physical and chemical properties, biological activity and land productivity. Indicators of organic matter, carbon storage and sequestration, bulk density, water content, total N content and earthworm population from topsoil (0–20cm) were quantified. This consecutive study (2009–2014) was carried out on the base of the same total N, P, K application rate (375.0kg Nha − 1yr − 1, 92.4kg P2O5ha − 1yr − 1and 316.3kg K2Oha − 1yr − 1) in each treatment that was fertilized. Six treatments were designed as: (1) CK, without any fertilizer; (2) NPK, 100% CF; (3) NPKM1, 25% CMC combined with 75% CF; (4) NPKM2, 50% CMC combined with 50% CF; (5) NPKM3, 75% CMC combined with 25% CF; and (6) CM, 100% CMC. The results demonstrated that organic matter, water content, total N content and earthworm density from topsoil were significantly and positively (P≤0.01) related to CMC input, with significantly negative correlation being observed between soil bulk density and CMC input. The average annual yield of the wheat–maize rotation system significantly increased (P≤0.05) in NPK, NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3, and CM compared with CK, with the highest yield being obtained from NPKM1. Applying merely CF not only led to the lower SOM, water content and total N content, but also resulted in negative effects on earthworm activity, while CMC alleviated such negative effects. Our finding may help to increase food supply by improving soil conditions with organic fertilizer compost application. Keywords: Cattle manure compost, Chemical fertilizer, Soil organic matter, Soil bulk density, Soil water content, Earthworm activity
标签: 玉米
