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中国首次大规模进口阿根廷转基因玉米
热度 2 xupeiyang 2013-8-8 15:14
中国首次批准大规模进口阿根廷转基因玉米  8月6日,阿根廷农业部对外表示,中国已批准进口首批阿根廷转基因玉米。这意味着,中国最终也许会从美国等其他生产国进口转基因谷物。   阿根廷农业部部长Norberto Yauhar称,中国卫生部门批准进口6万吨阿根廷转基因玉米。这批玉米已经发货,将用于喂养猪和鸡的饲料。 http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/20130808/013916378602.shtml
个人分类: 转基因学|1199 次阅读|2 个评论
[转载]中国批准进口的第一批阿根廷转基因玉米已在中国卸货
bioxncai 2013-8-7 17:51
路透社 (Reuters) 独家消息 布宜諾斯艾利斯 阿根廷, Tue Aug 6, 2013 中国批准进口的第一批阿根廷转基因玉米已在中国卸货 , Exclusive: China approves genetically modified Argentine corn shipment 阿根廷农业部长 Norberto Yauhar 今日宣布,中国的转基因食品安全审批部门已经完成了对阿根廷进口所转基因玉米的 所有的审批手续,批准了进口 6 万吨阿根廷转基因玉米做猪和家禽的饲料。货船于今年 5 正月份就离开在阿根廷驶向驶中国,现在已经在中国港口卸货完毕,今年还有更多的阿根廷转基因玉米运往中国。 阿根廷农业部长说,“我们努力多年,终于敲开了向中国出口转基因玉米的大门,向中国出口一船高质量的玉米。为我国今后大量出口转基因玉米到中国这个巨大市场打开了大门。阿根廷是世界第三大的转基因大豆和玉米出口国,中国过去已经从阿根廷进口了大量的转基因大豆。负责进口阿根廷这批 6 万吨转基因玉米的单位是国务院国资委直属的大型国有企业集团中粮集团( COFCO )。中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局做了最后的批准。 美国芝加哥期货市场获知中国从阿根廷进口转基因玉米后,美国的玉米期货价格应声而降,因为这意味着美国出口转基因玉米到中国的数量将减少。
1468 次阅读|0 个评论
号称邓牛研发成功全球精度最高玉米育种芯片
maizecorn 2013-8-3 16:02
今天下午看到一则报到-- 全球精度最高玉米全基因组育种芯片研发成功,细看原来是邓牛团队 成功开发包含玉米约9万位点的芯片,并称此芯片可将玉米的育种的年限由8-10年缩短至4-5年。看完后,第一感觉是牛人确实有前瞻性,在别人还在幻想或者是摸索怎样将海量的基因组数据运用到实践中时,他们已实践成功;其次,这是实验室“精确育种”向“经验育种”的一次挑战,随伴随着分子育种技术的应用,传统育种年限已大大缩短,但是仍难满足日益增长的需求,此类芯片的诞生对育种工作者来说,不啻为福音。 然而事实总是比理想略显骨感,芯片的诞生是一个巨大的进步,但是实践的反馈效果如何,我只能说拭目以待。个人感觉,传统育种中的经验成分仍难以被完全取代,正如虽然我们无法解释清楚一些中医药方的原理,但是其疗效却是有目共睹。基因位点与性状之间的关系过于单一,远不能反应各种相互作用关系。若是此类芯片可不打折扣的取得成功,我们岂不是直接设计一类“perfect maize chip”,育种工作者就可以考虑转行的问题了!
3298 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载]转基因玉米让她的失眠头痛和慢性恶心?
热度 2 LongLeeLu 2013-8-2 07:03
转基因玉米让你生病了吗?一个女人如何被告知流行的成分是她的失眠,头痛和慢性恶心的原因 Is GMO CORN making you sick? How one woman was told that the popular ingredient was the cause of her insomnia, headaches and chronic nausea Corn is in everything from take-away coffee cups to Vitamin E supplements Experts say that natural cross-pollination from genetically modified crops to organic crops means there is no such thing as GMO-free corn anymore By DAILY MAIL REPORTER PUBLISHED: 16:37 EST, 29 July 2013 | UPDATED: 16:50 EST, 29 July 2013 802 shares 29 View comments A woman who suffered from 'weird' symptoms like burning face rashes, pain in her joints, chronic fatigue, nausea, severe insomnia and a constant head cold, has opened up about her deteriorating health and how genetically modified c orn may be to blame. In an essay for Elle.com , Caitlin Shetterly, 37, explains how after nearly four years of frustrating doctor visits and no explanation in sight, the mother-of-one was diagnosed as having developed a reaction to genetically modified corn by allergist Paris Mansmann. But the MD's directive to strip all corn from her diet was harder than the Portand, Maine resident and author of Made for You and Me: Going West, Going Broke, Finding Home, could have ever imagined. Health risk: Caitlin Shetterly, 37, from Portland, Maine, suffered from face rashes, joint pain and a constant head cold; after four years of doctor visits, she was diagnosed as having developed a reaction to GMO corn Mr Mansmann’s advice was to eliminate all corn, even organic corn, because 'it's almost impossible to find a corn source in the U.S. that doesn’t have the in it,' he said. Many experts agree that because of cross-pollination via winds, birds, and bees, from genetically modified crops to organic crops, there is no such thing as GMO-free corn anymore. A desperate Mrs Shetterly , whose tight, achy joints meant that her hands froze into claws while she slept and hurt to uncurl in the morning, expected Mr Mansmann's recommended diet to be a cinch. More... Is the McDonald's McDouble the 'cheapest, most nutritious and bountiful food that has ever existed in human history?' The bread that can help you get fitter, not fatter: Loaf contains SEVEN TIMES as much protein as regular bread - and it's full of Omega 3 too 'After all, how hard could it be to give up corn?' she wrote. 'The answer was: way harder than I imagined.' Corn popped up everywhere: in tea bags, juice, and cheese culture; it lined her take-away coffee cups and even plastic bags full of frozen vegetables. 'Almost everything my family used, no matter how piously natural and organic, had corn in it. It came under the guise of dozens of names like “xanthan gum,” “natural flavors,” “free-flowing agents,” “vitamin E,” “ascorbic acid,” “citric acid,” and “cellulose,” to name a few,' she explained. And because c orn is fed to animals whose meat and eggs she ate, and whose milk she drank, Mrs Shetterly had to restrict her diet to only vegetables, grains other than corn, grass-fed beef and dairy, and wild fish. 'Almost everything my family used, no matter how piously natural and organic, had corn in it' 'My husband and I threw ourselves into the corn-free diet with gusto: We began baking all our bread, we learned how to make our own flour tortillas and sweet treats like muffins and cakes. 'We eschewed anything premade and began gathering foods from local sources we could trust. I stopped taking every medicine or supplement with corn in it (which was most of them). Wherever I went, I took my own stainless-steel coffee cup.' Mr Mansmann estimated that it would take about four months of eliminating corn for the white blood cells called eosinophil - which were in overproduction thanks to the genetically modified corn's proteins, which were acting as allergens - to cycle out of Mrs Shetterly's body. But blaming genetically modified foods for any kind of health problem is controversial. Amal Assa’ad, MD, dismissed anxiety over the safety of genetically modified corn. 'What’s wrong with chemicals?' she asked. 'A lot of chemicals have helped us—a lot of medications are chemicals. ' produce better crops that have increased production, that are resistant to pesticides—crops that can feed the rest of the world.' Starting in the Eighties, the biotechnology giant Monsanto began to genetically alter corn to withstand its herbicide Roundup, so that weeds but be eradicated but not crops. Enlarge More transparency: Whole Foods Market announced this March that by 2018 everything it sells in the U.S. and Canada will be labeled to show customers genetically modified products The changes in the corn's DNA produce certain kinds of proteins that can act as allergens, provoking multisystemics disorders, such as Mrs Shetterly's, according to Mr Mansmann. 'It's important to understand that the proteins actually become systemic throughout the plant, so it cannot be washed off,' explained Dr Joseph Mercola, the author of the No-Grain Diet and The Great Bird Flu Hoax. 'Once you eat it, it ends up in your gut where it can wreak total havoc with your health, considering the fact that 80 percent of your immune system resides there and is dependent on a healthy ratio of good and bad bacteria.' Previously , Mrs Shetterly had tried everything from painkillers; elimination diets of nuts, soy, dairy and gluten; herbal supplements; iodine pills; hormone treatments; acupuncture; a meditation class and even a treatment of antibiotics for Lyme disease, but nothing worked. Caitlin Shetterly: The author explains how it took nearly four years of frustrating doctor visits for her diagnosis After four months of a corn-free lifestyle, her skin rashes began to dissipate. 'Then, slowly, my body stopped aching, and I could walk or even jog easily, for the first time in years,' she remarked. 'I started to have more energy, and I slept better at night. The head cold went away—poof—and I wasn’t going through a box of tissues a day. My hands became less stiff. 'I realized, in retrospect, that my frozen hands had been the hardest symptom to tolerate: I could barely button my son’s small shirts or apply a Band-Aid, which made me feel useless as a mother.' With the fairly widespread acceptance of genetically modified foods in the U.S., compared with Europe where they are banned in many countries, it seems the allergens are here to stay. But better labeling of such products is slowly increasing, helping thousands of people who suffer from such allergies. Whole Foods Market, for example, announced this March that by 2018 everything it sells in the U.S. and Canada will be labeled to show genetically modified organisms. But Mrs Shetterly's fight is far from over. ' Although Dr Mansmann told me that most people allergic to genetically modified corn can end up tolerating small amounts after a couple years of abstinence,' she wrote, 'each time I’ve dared cheat, I’ve awoken the next morning with a frozen left hand, a sore hip, and a facial rash. ' Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2380985/Is-GMO-CORN-making-sick-How-woman-discovered-widely-used-ingredient-caused-insomnia-chronic-nausea-headaches.html#ixzz2al18lTiS Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook Controversy Main article: Genetically modified food controversies The genetically modified foods controversy is a dispute over the relative advantages and disadvantages of food derived from GMOs, genetically modified crops used to produce food and other goods, and other uses of genetically modified organisms in food production. The dispute involves consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified (GM) food are: risk of harm from GM food, whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the effect of GM crops on the environment, the impact of GM crops for farmers, including farmers in developing countries, the role of GM crops in feeding the growing world population, and GM crops as part of the industrial agriculture system. There is broad scientific consensus that food on the market derived from GM crops pose no greater risk than conventional food. No reports of ill effects from eating GM food have been documented in the human population. Supporters of food derived from GMOs hold that food is as safe as other foods and that labels send a message to consumers that GM food is somehow dangerous. They trust that regulators and the regulatory process are sufficiently objective and rigorous, and that risks of contamination of the non-GM food supply and of the environment can be managed. They trust that there is sufficient law and regulation to maintain competition in the market for seeds, believe that GM technology is key to feeding a growing world population, and view GM technology as a continuation of the manipulation of plants that humans have conducted for millennia. Some advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund have concerns that risks of GM food have not been adequately identified and managed, and have questioned the objectivity of regulatory authorities. Opponents of food derived from GMOs are concerned about the safety of the food itself and wish for GMOs to be banned or at least labeled on the food packages of foods they are in. They have concerns about the objectivity of regulators and rigor of the regulatory process, about contamination of the non-GM food supply, about effects of GMOs on the environment, about industrial agriculture in general, and about the consolidation of control of the food supply in companies that make and sell GMOs, especially in the developing world. Some are concerned that GM technology tampers too deeply with nature. Other environmental groups, including The Nature Conservancy and former anti-GMO campaigner Mark Lynas support the use of GMOs as beneficial for the environment.
个人分类: 我的微博|7579 次阅读|13 个评论
[转载]转基因玉米和肿瘤-人类自己成了科学实验的“小白鼠”
热度 2 LongLeeLu 2013-8-2 06:48
瑞士化学家保罗·赫尔曼·穆勒(1899年1月 - 1965年10月12日)获得1948年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,他1939年发现和使用滴滴涕杀虫剂控制病媒引起的疾病如疟疾和黄热病。它宣布走向全世界胜利--征服害虫。中国科学院院士蒲蛰龙先生 一针见血地指出 : 农药 滴滴涕杀虫剂 漂移 污染 环境导致出现 《寂静的春天》, 怪只怪在征服自然的伟大科学运动中,人类自己都无可避免地成了科学实验的 “ 小白鼠 ” ,而且现在仍然如此-"转基因玉米和肿瘤"-人类自己成了科学实验的“小白鼠”,而且仍然是不可避免的。这想起来,免不了总有点悲哀。 ” 事實上,西方人也是探索中,看如下: GMO CORN LINKED TO CANCER TUMORS By Mike Adams, Natural News Eating genetically modified corn (GMO corn) has caused rats to develop horrifying tumors, widespread organ damage, and premature death. That's the conclusion of a shocking new study that looked at the long-term effects of consuming Monsanto's genetically modified corn. The study was published in The Food Chemical Toxicology Journal and was just presented at a news conference in London. The study has been deemed "the most thorough research ever published into the health effects of GMO food crops and the herbicide Roundup on rats." News of the horrifying findings is spreading fast, with even the mainstream media in shock over the photos of rats with multiple grotesque tumors; tumors so large the rats even had difficulty breathing in some cases. GMOs may be the new thalidomide. "Monsanto Roundup weedkiller and GMO maize implicated in 'shocking' new cancer study" wrote The Grocery, a popular UK publication. It reported, "Scientists found that rats exposed to even the smallest amounts, developed mammary tumors and severe liver and kidney damage as early as four months in males, and seven months for females." The Daily Mail reported, "Fresh row over GMO foods as French study claims rats fed the controversial crops suffered tumors." It goes on to say: "The animals on the GMO diet suffered mammary tumors, as well as severe liver and kidney damage. The researchers said 50 percent of males and 70 percent of females died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group." The Study The study, led by Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen, was the first ever study to examine the long-term (lifetime) effects of eating GMOs. You may find yourself thinking it is absolutely astonishing that no such studies were ever conducted before GMO corn was approved for widespread use by the USDA and FDA, but such is the power of corporate lobbying and corporate greed. ​ Findings From The StudyHere are some of the shocking findings from the study: Up to 50% of males and 70% of females suffered premature death. Rats that drank trace amounts of Roundup (at levels legally allowed in the water supply) had a 200% to 300% increase in large tumors. Rats fed GMO corn and traces of Roundup suffered severe organ damage including liver damage and kidney damage. The study fed these rats NK603, the Monsanto variety of GMO corn that's grown across North America and widely fed to animals and humans. This is the same corn that's in your corn-based breakfast cereal, corn tortillas and corn snack chips. The UK's Daily Mail is reporting on some of the reaction to the findingsFrance's Jose Bove, vice-chairman of the European Parliament's commission for agriculture and known as a fierce opponent of GMO, called for an immediate suspension of all EU cultivation and import authorisations of GMO crops. 'This study finally shows we are right and that it is urgent to quickly review all GMO evaluation processes,' he said in a statement. 'National and European food security agencies must carry out new studies financed by public funding to guarantee healthy food for European consumers.' Our analysis clearly reveals for the 3 GMOs new side effects linked with GMO maize consumption, which were sex- and often dose-dependent. Effects were mostly associated with the kidney and liver, the dietary detoxifying organs, although different between the 3 GMOs. Other effects were also noticed in the heart, adrenal glands, spleen and haematopoietic system. We conclude that these data highlight signs of hepatorenal toxicity, possibly due to the new pesticides specific to each GMO corn. In addition, unintended direct or indirect metabolic consequences of the genetic modification cannot be excluded. Here Are Some Quotes From The Researchers About The Findings "This research shows an extraordinary number of tumors developing earlier and more aggressively - particularly in female animals. I am shocked by the extreme negative health impacts." - Dr Michael Antoniou, molecular biologist, King's College London. "We can expect that the consumption of GMO maize and the herbicide Roundup, impacts seriously on human health." - Dr Antoniou. "This is the first time that a long-term animal feeding trial has examined the impact of feeding GMO corn or the herbicide Roundup, or a combination of both and the results are extremely serious. In the male rats, there was liver and kidney disorders, including tumors and even more worryingly, in the female rats, there were mammary tumors at a level which is extremely concerning; up to 80 percent of the female rats had mammary tumors by the end of the trial." - Patrick Holden, Director, Sustainable Food Trust. http://foodmatters.tv/articles-1/gm-corn-linked-to-cancer-tumors THE STUDY ABSTRACT CAN BE READ HEREThe study is entitled, "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health." and the abstract can be read here: http://www.biolsci.org/v05p0706.htm Source Link: h ttp://www.naturalnews.com/037249_GMO_study_cancer_tumors Brian Barackman · FJC The Feds should charge Monsanto with terrorism crimes, imprison all affiliated, confiscate all assets and use the money to rid the planet of GMO's. There is no seeds because they want to in slave the world. Reply · 1 · · 14 June at 13:16 William Kimball · Top commenter Do you even know why you hate Monsanto? You don't... the reason you hate them is because of the OTHER pesticide and herbicide companies' propaganda, they dump it on the web and people eat it up. They do it in ways that provide no scientific credibility while being totally convincing to people who cannot understand science. The Monsanto haters are just more "Useful Idiots". They spread information that is untrue, they are a plague. This study proved little more then the fact that rats get tumors. That is the real results of this study... http://news.discovery.com/ earth/plants/ gm-corn-tumor-study-120920. htm Reply · · 19 July at 13:40 Keith Douglas · Top commenter Unfortunately, the study led by Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen has been largely determined to be flawed by much of the Scientific community which has been unable to reproduce it with these results and has called on Seralini et al to provide the complete data for review. That said, read the stickers on produce. As noted in other posts, these will alert one to which is or is not GMO. And, of course, the ORGANIC labelling precludes these. Mary Shelley had it spot on, the Promethean monster does ultimately destroy it's maker. If we agree to use these products we collude with the likes of Monsanto. Reply · 1 · · 28 May at 06:25 Nicki Jones Awe those poor animals:( Reply · 1 · · 27 May at 11:40 Heather McCoy Agreed. Genetically modified not good Reply · · 27 May at 13:23 William Kimball · Top commenter Heather McCoy too bad the rats were going to get those tumors no matter what food they ate... Sucks to be a rat with high tumor rates in a non-scientific study. Reply · · 19 July at 13:41 Ceally Patterson Fight for your right to know your food!!!! Reply · 2 · · 25 May at 07:51 Sarah O'Brien · Works at Security Guard Scary! Reply · · 26 May at 09:00 Deyan Ruggs · Top commenter · Trent I'm more scared by the fact that people actually think Mike Adams and NaturalNews.com are reliable sources of information... Reply · 3 · · 14 May at 20:40 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison I don't know how reliable they are but this article that they left out would seem to be reliable : http:// www.herbogeminis.com/IMG/ pdf/ roundup_toxicity_seralini-2 .pdf Reply · · 26 May at 22:52 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University Yes! that is the correct article, not the one on the link above! Thanks for sharing it Michael! Reply · · 27 May at 05:20 Wren Déjà Vu SmilingDeer · School of ROCK It would be nice if you and your beloved chemical company would stop trying to force yourselves upon the world. We really do not want you in our food thank you. Reply · 1 · · 30 May at 16:04 View 5 more Cate Morris · Works at Cate Morris Music This is worth the read! Reply · 1 · · 13 May at 09:21 William Kimball · Top commenter So is this http://news.discovery.com/ earth/plants/ gm-corn-tumor-study-120920. htm Reply · · 19 July at 13:43 Helen Tatsios · Top commenter · State University of New York College at Cortland We should be asking ourselves what kind of president we have. He signed the Monsanto Protection Act. Reply · · 13 May at 08:17 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University The study on the abstract link provided here doesn't show the pictures on the top nor it shows that there were tumors being developed in those animals. The study shows kidney and liver effects and basically the scientists in this article were merely analyzing data from a study that Monsanto did and did wrong (or at least with not enough statistical power and/or proper biochemical tests being conducted). Read the article by clicking on the link mentioned above. Reply · 1 · · 13 May at 06:54 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison http:// www.herbogeminis.com/IMG/ pdf/ roundup_toxicity_seralini-2 .pdf Reply · 1 · · 26 May at 22:45 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison what you say of the abstract is true but not true for the article linked to above which does in fact have the pictures lf these tumors Reply · · 26 May at 22:49 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University The link they give you here is of another study and not the cancer one...I told them that, they'll change it soon enough. Thanks for sharing the source! Reply · · 27 May at 05:21 Danny Leblanc · Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Lets start our own country, one field at a time. Reply · 3 · · 8 March at 07:50 Cityminiranch Goats · Portland, Oregon They've even come out with GM Alfalfa so all the regular store milk will be GM contaminated by the cows eating the alfalfa. Then they can be fed GM corn on top of it. It's pervasive. Reply · 1 · · 17 February at 21:43 Benita Kathy Oldaker · Lexington High School My question is, why were the rats allowed to live this long with such horrible tumors throughout their bodies and to suffer God knows what pain! How much more studies are needed to confirm the toxicity levels in animals AND humans? Why isn't the use of animal (cow, horse) manure used to fertilize these crops? Why genetically altered foods? I believe most if not all chemicals that are man made or altered are an endangerment to all living beings! INCLUDING MOST MEDICATIONS! I've said enough! Reply · 2 · · 27 January at 09:27 Carol Denton-Smith You can tell the type of produce by the code. All conventional fruits and vegetables have a number on their label(sticker). Conventional is a 4 digit number. Organic is a 5 digit number beginning with 9. GMO is a 5 digit number beginning with 8. Reply · 7 · · 15 January at 17:22 Judy Johnson · Top commenter · London, United Kingdom It is not just GM corn that is a problem. It is GM anything; it is like Pandora's box! Reply · 2 · · 14 January at 12:57 Pierre Collins · Liberty University I believe that Monsanto should put its money where its mouth is. They say there crap is safe, healthy etc. They should put themselves through a 5 year study proving the safety of their GMO weed killer and crops. Don't market something as being healthy or safe unless you'd be willing to guinea pig yourself to prove that point. Anyone who agrees with me, please write a letter challenging them to do so and send it to. Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167. Reply · 8 · · 13 January at 18:41 Pierre Collins · Liberty University The sad part about this is the study wasn't taken serious and thanks to those in power, the study has been highly criticized for being inadequate. There's not been any study that's gone beyond 90 days for gmo foods in the U.S. and Monsanto is full of politicians and law makers who work to keep the public in ignorance of these dangerous crops. Articles like this are a drop in the bucket to taking them down, but most people aren't going to read this or won't care if they do. It's sad that something which was created to nourish the body has been manipulated to do the opposite. Reply · 2 · · 13 January at 18:12 Mary Dicerni · Top commenter · Sheridan College Best to get organic seeds from "Seed Savers" and also best in greenhouse because the GMO pollen is around. Heritage seeds will soon disappear unless we save them from monsanto.. Popcorn is my worry.. Reply · 2 · · 11 January at 14:50 Daniel Esteves You can clearly see or read who are the trolls and who is really contributing to this posting. Some are here only to discredit the hard work of others for their own monetary gain, while others are trying to actually HELP humankind NOT kill it! Keep up the good fight, knowledge is power. Reply · 3 · · 10 January at 09:05 Judy Nutting Fletcher Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds is awesome - check them out for pure seeds. Reply · 1 · · 10 January at 05:41 Meh Di · Colorado Check out this other article covering the issue and featuring Food Matters: http:// solsticeson.wordpress.com/ 2013/01/09/ gm-food-causes-tumors-what- happens-when-we-wait/ #more-684 Reply · · 9 January at 19:49 Anna Laura · Representative at Oad Reizen How do I know which corn is genetically modified? Isn't that most of the corn? Reply · · 9 January at 19:24 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc I love heirloom seeds as much as anyone. But it's difficult to feed a family with them, unless you use fungicides. Or unless you have lots of land to grow them knowing you'll lose 50% of your crop. So-called organic pesticides/fungicides are generally more expensive and less effective. Sure it's possible, but it costs more money and time than most people have. YES Heirloom varieties taste better, but DO NOT have more nutrition, DO NOT have more yield, and ARE NOT inherently safer (in my plant science professional opinion). If you want taste, then yes go heirloom! If you want nutrition, then it doesn't matter which you choose - GMO, grocery store, Walmart, organic, or heirloom. Plants are plants, the mechanisms of biology are the same. And there are very few food products that fall under the category of GMO, maybe only be ... See more Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 16:29 Patrick Smiley Go to seedsavers.org for heirloom seeds ... non-GMO Reply · · 9 January at 15:37 Alysia Smith · Lodi, California How do you kinow if something is non-GMO. Does it have to say non-gmo... or is Organic non-gmo. I am looking for a creamer for my coffee that is gmo free.. I like creamer, but not cancer:)) Thank u Food matters for this article and what u do to keep us informed.. if you can help me to know how to avoid gmo's.. that would be great! Reply · · 9 January at 15:11 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc I think you're safe with your coffee creamer, except for the potential trans fats. Or just go with real "dairy creamers" instead of "non-dairy". I don't believe "real" cows are genetically modified.... yet. Reply · · 9 January at 15:20 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Companies that produce these products DO NOT want you to get sick, because then they'll be out of business when we're all dead. If you, or a few rats, eat ONLY corn and Roundup as your sole diet, then you'll probably die, possibly with tumors. With 6 billion people on this planet in 2013, we can still only properly feed 4 billion of us, and unfortunately without modern agriculture techniques (including GMOs) that number goes up. I don't see 2 billion volunteers to give up their food. Reply · · 9 January at 14:44 Bernadette Couture · Chatham, Ontario This infographic was a huge inspiration to us! Look at the incredible loss of diversity (93%) in our major food crops. We can change this! Help us reach the halfway mark to fund our new film SEED: The Untold Story, which will investigate...this loss of diversity and a new movement of hope! http:// www.kickstarter.com/ projects/1165887134/ seed-the-untold-story-docum entary-film *Infographic by John Tomanio, first featured in National Geographic Magazine.See More. This infographic was a huge inspiration to us! Look at the incredible loss of diversity (93%) in our major food crops. We can change this! Help us reach the halfway mark to fund our new film SEED: The Untold Story, which will investigate...this loss of diversity and a new movement of hope! http:// www.kickstarter.com/ projects/1165887134/ seed-the-untold-story-docum ent ... See more Reply · · 9 January at 14:11 Lori Nellessen-Meszaros We keep hearing that bees are dying off because of cell phone use... Ever thought its from the bees trying to cross pollenate GMO crops??? Reply · · 9 January at 13:30 Andrea Barnes · Westwood College How do you know if you are getting GMO foods? Reply · · 9 January at 11:51 Graeme Kearney The true meaning of DNA is "DO NOT AJUST" Make this year the year you plant and eat your own vegetables. Reply · · 9 January at 11:14 Cathy Fleming · Virginia Tech STOP SHARING THIS! The scientific article linked at the end isn't even the one talked about in this smear of an article. "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health." is published in the International Journal of Biological Sciences - NOT The Food Chemical Toxicology Journal. AND THE WORD TUMOR DOES NOT EXIST IN THAT ARTICLE! Reply · 3 · · 9 January at 10:46 Dan Willis · Grants Pass, Oregon As a top secret military witness who testified in Washington regarding illegal rogue government operations that have hidden technologies that would help humanity and the planet, I can tell you there is without doubt a shadowy government that has a plan to dramatically reduce the population on the planet through various means and the GMOs are without a doubt a major part of that plan. The mainstream media is controlled so you won't hear about this on CNN, CBS etc People need to demand accountability from the media and expose the manipulations within our entire infrastructure. There are solutions to the worlds problems that can serve humanity better than the agenda of a few. Reply · 16 · · 9 January at 08:56 Linda Montgomery Keep up the good work Dan! You are an exemplary human being. Are you familiar with the expression, "Energy flows where attention goes ?" I say, focus on what is truthful and life affirming. Let the rest atrophy and drop dead. Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 10:15 Carol G. Carrillo · Emory University I have absolutely no doubt this is the plan and it is frightening. Reply · · 10 January at 09:29 Judith Lawson · Georgetown University Dan Willis or anyone who knows how to contact him, please be in touch with me ASAP. jwzcls@gmail.com Independent investigative journalist working on Monsanto story. Reply · · 13 May at 13:06 Linda Watson · Chief cook and researcher at Cook for Good This article links to an older study that called for the long-term study that's currently making the news. Here's the correct link: http://ac.els-cdn.com/ S0278691512005637/ 1-s2.0-S0278691512005637-ma in.pdf?_tid=b7e68a50-5a7a- 11e2-99b1-00000aab0f6cacd nat=1357749575_d6f92cb777e 117a852d523d0272897bd Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 08:40 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Thank you for posting this. I think it proves that the current article making the rounds is complete B.S. Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 15:29 Terrie Brown For the folks who are promoting to "Grow Your Own" - please beware that Monsanto has also infiltrated some of the SEED companies. Please do your research on the seed companies also. Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:51 longhornchristianacademy (signed in using yahoo) How are Texans supposed to eat our Tex-Mex? Full of corn tortillas, etc. There needs to be an uprising! Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:24 longhornchristianacademy (signed in using yahoo) How are Texans supposed to eat their Tex-Mex? There needs to be an uprising! Reply · · 9 January at 06:23 Maryanne Johnston · Owner at Lil' Sweetpeas Organic Dayhome And we wonder why there are so many children with cancer!!!! This sickens me Reply · · 9 January at 05:58 Debbie Mullins · Huntington Beach High Some people thought the world would end on 12-21-12 and others thought there would be a shift in global conciousness. I think the shift is happening now. Maybe this is what the Mayans were talking about. While this study is obviously devastating news I couldn't be more excited that the truth about Monsanto is finally being revealed by the scientists. Maybe now all my friends and family who have called me 'crazy' when I bring this up will have to open their eyes and see the truth--and it will literally save their lives. Death to Monsanto, the FDA, the USDA and Big Pharma who makes big money when big groups of people get big tumors. I wish all those poor 3rd, 4th and 5th generation farmers could get their farms back after Monsanto's 'investigators' put them out of business because of a corn stalk on their land wind-pollinated by the franken-corn. Now that the word is out let's revolt...... and re-vote on that GMO labeling bill. Reply · 14 · · 9 January at 05:53 Mary Ash It isn't only corn we must be looking out for. Soy in its various forms is also in many things. But in addition, most animals that end up being our breakfast, lunch and dinner are raised on GMO feed. No the FDA is not looking out for the people--they are in bed with Monsanto. To quote a newsletter from last fall: "Obama has appointed Monsanto chief lobbyist as senior advisor to the FDA. This is the same man that was in charge of FDA policy when GMO's were allowed into the US food supply without undergoing a single test to determine their safety. He had been Monsanto's attorney before becoming policy chief at the FDA he became Monsanto's Vice President and chief lobbyist. Now Obama made him the senior advisor to the commissioner of the FDA. He is now Obama's food safety czar." Reply · 3 · · 9 January at 04:49 David Smith · Prairie Central High School Dont they feed this same stuff to livestock that we eat wtf is wrong with these peole just shows how important the almighty dollar is Reply · · 9 January at 03:37 John F. Sayer · Barrie Central Collegiate Monsanto the Devils flagship F D A the ships captain Time to change eating habits Share this information with everyone The best weapon avainst this duo THE INTERNET. Reply · · 9 January at 00:20 Maria Mejia · Works at Go Vita - Wynyard Jeannine Shingler, where did you get the idea that this study was discredited? Where did you read this? Because I just read the article you posted and it's got nothing to do with this study. Mark Lynas (founder of an anti-GMO campaign) wasn't involved in the study. So what are you getting at? Like Marilyn said, I do wonder how much he was paid to now promote GMO foods :) Reply · · 8 January at 22:22 Kent Carla Zilliox - 5 Pillar Health Yes, it's safe to say eating Super Foods and doing a nutritional cleanse every so often is the new norm. If you are not doing this your body is collecting GMO's, toxins and other impurities, storing them in fat cells. Our calories and carbs we are eating are nutritionally bankrupt. They say on average a person who thinks they are eating "healthy" (fruits and veggies) they will consume a gallon of pesticides/herbicides/ fungicides annually. I've been on the best super food brand for the last year...what a change (weight loss, sleep, energy, Zest, etc.) Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 21:24 Kent Zilliox · Owner at Self Employed (Business) Actually, becoming the new norm in America, 65% of the planet cleanse regularly. As guess what...the USA is the most unhealthy, sickest industrialized country on Earth. 5% of the planets population and consumes over 50% of all pharmaceuticals sold!!! Big Pharma loves the USA! Reply · · 7 March at 01:09 Cathy Pagendarm Please wake up and see what is happening to your food and other supplies that we are using, called lotions, toothpaste, soaps, shampoo, chemical cleaners (Chemical Flu - check it out) and the list goes on. Grow your own food with organic seeds but make sure the company you get them from aren't owned by companies that produce seed - which are GMO's already. GMO's need to be "Labeled on the Food"! Who agrees with this? Reply · 53 · · 8 January at 20:24 Sonya LaRose · Anchorage, Alaska Everyone keeps saying grow your own food but where do you find the seeds? Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 23:16 Daria Gimon · McGill University That was my question... how do you KNOW you're eating GMO corn or GMO anything? Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:58 Mark D. Nerger · Top commenter · Owner-Operator at Gulf Coast Grillle There are many organic seed sites on the web. Reply · 5 · · 9 January at 09:15 View 13 more Amy Gilpin · Phoenix, Arizona Scary!! Reply · · 8 January at 20:04 Lee Carter · Top commenter In the 1950s how meany people had a problem with Peanut butter or milk? Could it be that today we are bombarded with over 70,000 new chemicals. People are now eating intimation man made (food) Not real live healthy food like we use to get? Our immune system is over worked trying to keep us alive, We are what we eat and drink. Reply · · 8 January at 19:51 Helen Tatsios · Top commenter · State University of New York College at Cortland i really agree with that. i have a gluten allergy. Reply · · 13 May at 08:47 Dina Delicce Wilson · Founder at Nourish Magazine scary stuff! Reply · · 8 January at 18:21 Steve Bricks · New Bedford, Massachusetts Disgusting Reply · · 8 January at 18:14 Jeannine Shingler · Top commenter · Chief Shaker Dream Maker at IsaBody Lifestyle · 253 subscribers It's too bad Food Matters doesn't do a more scientific vetting before spreading mis-information. This study has been discredited -- bad science. And in fact one of the founders of the anti-gmo movements has recanted his position and regrets spreading inflammatory, irresponsible and non-science rhetoric about the science of food production. Check out his public lecture here where he details his regrets and the many ways he got the science wrong. My hope is that Food Matters will turn to science to promote wellness living http://www.marklynas.org/ 2013/01/ lecture-to-oxford-farming-c onference-3-january-2013/ . Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 18:06 Linda Murphy · Top commenter · Nutritional Counselling at Registered Holistic Nutritionist There is plenty of science showing the rf Effects of the dangers of GMO 's. have you read the book from Jeffery smith. Reply · 2 · · 8 January at 18:40 Paul Fassa · Top commenter · Santa Fe, New Mexico So now Monsanto has a super shill! What is it with you pod people that come on as scientific eggheads to defend an evil corporation that harms small farmers with a stated goal of controlling the world's food supply? There have been several international studies that recommend regional organic farming with a focus on supplying each region's food is the way to avoid world hunger. BTW - an academic whistle blower has testified that it's the main GMO gene transfer agemt CaMV35 that raises hell with our intestinal flora that's a major part of our immune systems. Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 21:48 Marilyn Joyce · Top commenter · Inspirational Author, Speaker and Trainer at Dr Marilyn Joyce · 1,103 subscribers And I wonder who in govt and/or Big Pharma (or both) paid this scientist off to recant his position - or instilled in him the fear of death for himself and his family! Follow the money honey! My background is science and GMO's in particular. There's plenty of science that proves the hazards of GMO's! It's time to say No to GMO! Reply · 16 · · 8 January at 21:55 View 10 more Shirley Gorman There is something so very wrong when you are looking at a fruit/food package, and trying to find its' origins, or whether it is GMO free and the info is not there. It is such a shame that we consumers are so unprotected when it comes to knowing what we are eating. At the very least, give people info so they can make their own choice! Reply · 17 · · 8 January at 17:42 Linda Montgomery Maybe it is time for us to grow up, take responsibility for whatever is wrong, especially the labeling. Waiting for someone else to do it is an act in futility. There are good food product companies out there that have no problem giving consumers all the information necessary to make an informed choice. We should support them. If in doubt, don't buy it. We also need to learn how to prepare healthy convenience foods. Most convenience foods are toxic or cost prohibitive. Reply · 7 · · 9 January at 10:27 Mary Dicerni · Top commenter · Sheridan College ingredients list on all popcorn packages .. is it GMO popcorn ?? Reply · · 11 January at 14:53 Laura Mertens · Clover park tech college I believe like Dr Price led the way, these foods are changing our sexual balances as well. The first thing to go when breeding animals without proper nutrition is reproduction. Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 17:29 Laura Ririe Pickard Grow your own garden and know exactly where your food comes from! It's just going to get worse, I am sorry to say. Reply · 9 · · 8 January at 17:07 Cynthia Ann Williams · Top commenter · Personal Life Coach at Private Contract Life Coach Schopp Germany Make sure your seeds are organic Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 20:17 Cat Albaugh · Works at Artist, crafter, writer I totally agree, but what is to stop the GMO corn from cross pollinating with our garden corn like it does with nonGmO farmer's corn Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 07:41 Sarah Powell Johnson You also have to be careful where you get any topsoil for your garden. You should also garden in a raised bed so that any contaminants in your or your neighbor's yards don't run-off or drain into your garden. Nothing is simple these days! Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 08:43 View 3 more Martha Dobson Griffith · Parker, Colorado Corn products are in everything! Not just the obvious, lets not forget high fructose corn syrup, which is killing our young. We must educate now! Reply · 24 · · 8 January at 16:53 Christal Bowman · Durham, North Carolina This study has been widely and justifiably panned by the scientific community, including Europe, which is notoriously cautious regarding GMOs. http:// dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/ 2012/10/19/ six-french-science-academie s-dismiss-study-finding-gm -corn-harmed-rats/ http://www.efsa.europa.eu/ en/press/news/121128.htm You can read letters to the editor of the publishing journal here: http:// www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/ S0278691512005637. By the way, the pesticides engineered into these crops are sprayed onto ORGANIC crops, and have been for decades. Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 16:53 Helen Disler · Monash University Have you sourced where the panning originated from, please? And what pesticides are you referring to that are sprayed onto certified organic crops? Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 17:43 Christal Bowman · Durham, North Carolina Yes, you can see the letters and individual responses from other scientists in those links I've supplied (not sure why they are not hyperlinked). It's best to read the responses in the journal itself, but here are a couple more articles regarding the response from the scientific community: http://storify.com/ vJayByrne/ was-seralini-gmo-study-desi gned-to-generate-negati http:// www.foodnavigator.com/ Science-Nutrition/ EU-rejects-Seralini-study-l inking-GM-maize-and-cancer http://rt.com/news/ seralini-corn-cancer-monsan to-study-987/ http://www.forbes.com/ sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/ does-the-seralini-corn-stud y-fiasco-mark-a-turning-po int-in-the-debate-over-gm- food/ The pesticides I refer to (actually insecticides to be technically correct) are the Bt toxins. The Mon810 corn is engineered to make Cry1Ab, and this is one of the Bt toxins, which are approved for use under the label of 'organic' because they are proteins. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 17:59 Tom Cail · New Paris, Ohio Christal, your barking up the wrong tree.Except for one reference to herbicide (bt) the entire article deals with the effects of round-up GMO corn (herbicide). Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 18:26 View 2 more Lynn Tempesta Is this study going to be enough? Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 16:42 Harry Diamond · Executive Trainer and Master Cellular Cleansing Coach at Isagenix If you look, you will notice that "The Elite"(the members of Royalty, societies like the Brotherhood, Masons, Illuminati etc.) DO NOT EAT THIS STUFF. Reply · 10 · · 8 January at 16:35 Kevin Rebal · SHW Good more for me! Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 16:50 Sally Welka · Warrenton, Oregon 'Course NOT!! Population control!! Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 19:54 Leah Hahn I have a tray package of Green Giant corn from Pioneer Growers Cooperatives in my fridge. I went onto there site to see if they are genetically modified in any way. Well, there site looks nice and says all the right things but not one mention of the earth the corn grows from or any mention of any fertilizer or herbicide used in the aiding of the growth of the Super Sweet Corn. Garbage! I think the good folks that have any part of GMO's should be sat down to the table every meal to only the food they have a hand in producing. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:22 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Yes Leah, Of course they are only eating and feeding their families the "special-secret-organic" food, straight-from-the-field corn, without pesticides, and without fertilizers (except manure/shit of course) so they can continue to live long, healthy lives while continuing to control the world... What is this? An episode of the X-Files? BTW rich people don't give a shit about organic non-GMO foods. They eat the same shit the rest of us do. So I kindly disagree with you. Reply · · 9 January at 15:49 Leah Hahn Who said anything about being rich? lol You just said a lot about being ignorant thou!! :D Reply · · 10 January at 14:16 Sandi Brown · Real Estate Broker at Prudential Seaboard Properties please read this other countries did this test. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:09 Caroline Morse · Owner/ President at Delivering Results LLC This is getting dangerous. I keep reading about GMO's causing auto immune disorders, autism and cancer. Be careful. Eat organic! Stay away from restaurant food or moderate eating out. Monsanto needs to feed billions of people. 216,000 new people in the world come to the dinner table each night. This is where the industry has gone with trying to supply huge volumes of food, corn, pestisides, now pesticides inside the corn, Wow! Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:07 Hans Batra · Atlanta, Georgia The Dekalb Farmer's Market is fantastic for organic produce at reasonable prices. I prefer the DFM over Whole Foods. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:26 Roberta Philbrick · Top commenter · University of New Hampshire Really sucks for those consumers who are gluten intolerant...no more corn cereals, chips or tortillas people unless you find them from another country. So sad that our government fails to protect us once again! Reply · 22 · · 8 January at 16:04 Sally Welka · Warrenton, Oregon As stated below, only way is grow 'Your Own'....wouldn't trust foods from another Country, Monsanto is World-Wide....OUR GOVT. 'PROTECT' US?!! Are YOU KIDDING!!?? They're in the 'Pockets' whatever of the Elite, WhoEVER is Running this world!! THEY could give a S*$!! Reply · 11 · · 8 January at 19:58 Anaïs Nedermeijer Organic corn is safe Reply · 5 · · 8 January at 23:14 Renee Marie Dattellas There are plenty of gluten free products that are GMO free. And more companies are labeling their packaging. Just bought a yummy bag of GMO free tortilla chips the other day!! Reply · 4 · · 9 January at 07:04 View 4 more Kendra Babcock · Works at Leprino Foods Wow... I've been saying this all a long and get called crazy from time to time... I knew IT! Reply · · 8 January at 16:01 Erica Babcock Noble · Watertown High School That sucks....I am sure it's just the tip of the iceberg. I can only imagine what all the unpronounceable additives to food does to us... Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 03:36 John Swartz · Owner at Self Employed Contractor Eating genetically modified corn (GMO corn) and consuming trace levels of Monsanto's Roundup chemical fertilizer.. caused rats to develop horrifying tumors! Are we Next? Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 15:52 Traci Lee Park · Works at Volunteer for meals on wheels This is real. Know what you are eating and what your kids are eating. Eff the FDA and USDA! Reply · 9 · · 8 January at 15:50 John-LaRae Groom · Owner/Diver at Underworld Diving Services Thank You... :) Reply · · 8 January at 19:08 Venus - A Fitness Studio For Her Please read this article. It shows alarming effects of GMO corn (which is pretty much all corn). Reply · · 8 January at 15:50 Suzanne Fillion · Vice President/CFO at Fillion Home I so believe this! Reply · · 8 January at 15:49 Related Products GENETIC ROULETTE Never-Before-Seen-Evidence points to genetically engineered foods as a major contributor to rising disease rates in the US population, especially among children. Monsanto’s strong arm tactics, the FDA’s fraudulent policies, and how the USDA ignores a growing health emergency are also laid bare. This sometimes shocking film may change your diet, help you protect your family, and accelerate the consumer tipping point against genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Don’t miss this film! Format: DVD - Region Free Running Time: 85 minutes Price: $19.95 LEARN MORE FRESH THE MOVIE Fresh is more than a film it is a reflection of a rising movement of people and communities across America who are re-inventing our food system. Fresh is a guide that empowers people to take an array of actions for healthier local food solutions. Format: DVD - Region Free Running Time: 72 minutes Price: $19.95
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转基因食品是部分美国人的主粮
热度 7 bioxncai 2013-7-31 23:11
有人说要“旗帜鲜明地反对转基因食品主粮化”, 美国虽然 70% 的食品含有转基因成分,但那毕竟不是主粮,所以不用担心。我们知道墨西哥人的主食是玉米,美国有大量的墨西哥移民,根据维基百科,墨西哥裔美国人现在占美国人口的 10.8% ,数目达到 3356 万人(详见: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA )。墨西哥移民虽然有一部分人入乡随俗了,仍然有很多人是以玉米为主食吧。根据“转基因食品不能主粮化”的观点,对这一部分墨西哥裔美国人来说,转基因玉米是不能商品化的,但是美国 1995 年 7 月 14 日就已经批准了转基因抗虫玉米了。 1995 年 7 月 14 日到现在多少年了? 18 年了吧, 18 年前美国就搞了转基因主粮的商品化了(对墨西哥裔美国人而言)。按照某些反转基因人士的观点,这怎么可以呢? 下面转一篇有关墨西哥人食用玉米的文章供参考: 链接: http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2003-07/06/content_956246.htm   新华网墨西哥城7月5日电 墨西哥人的玉米情结   新华社记者叶书宏   墨西哥是玉米的故乡,当地人对玉米有着深厚的感情。过去5000年来,玉米从一种不为人知的野生黍类成了世界第三大粮食来源,这离不开墨西哥人的勤劳与智慧。墨西哥人还在种植玉米的过程中创造出了玛雅和阿兹特克文明。墨西哥人常说:“我们创造了玉米,玉米同时也创造了我们,我们是玉米人”。   4000年前的玛雅时期,玉米在印第安人的培育下已经成为主要农作物和粮食来源。关于玉米的起源,在现代墨西哥土著民族中流传着很多传说。现代考古证实,玉米起源于一种生长在5000年前墨西哥米切肯州巴尔萨河流域的野生黍类,这种黍类变异性较强,经过墨西哥人数千年的培育,成为今天拥有数百品种的玉米。    今天,玉米仍是墨西哥人的主食,墨西哥人每年消耗的粮食中近一半是玉米,而玉米则提供了墨西哥人日常生活中近一半的热量。 因此,玉米对于墨西哥人来说是“生命的源泉”,对于远古时代农作物结构单一的印第安人来说更是如此。   据拉美有关资料表明,玉米产量直接关系到文明的兴衰,最典型的例子便是玛雅文明的灭亡。最近,美国科学家发现,玛雅文明的灭亡与公元十世纪发生的一场大旱有关。当时玛雅人的玉米生产完全依赖降雨和地表水源,他们依靠先进的水库灌溉系统建成了大规模的玉米种植区,满足数百万居民的生活需求,但持续的大旱破坏了玛雅社会赖以生存的农业基础从而使该文明走向灭亡。   正因为玉米与人类生存之间的这种互为依存的关系,古代墨西哥人围绕玉米种植创立了很多以“祈福”为目的的文化习俗和宗教仪式,许多习俗一直保留至今。例如,墨西哥南部瓦哈卡州每年在玉米丰收的时候都要举行玉米节,人们用玉米秆搭成神龛,上面摆满了各种玉米,手提熏香围着神龛唱歌,以感谢“玉米神”的恩赐;墨西哥南部米斯特卡人在播种前将鸡血和甘蔗酒撒在玉米地中央,以此祈求好收成。   神话传说、民间习俗只体现了“玉米文化”的一个侧面,玉米作为古代墨西哥人生活的核心,对其社会组织形式和生活习惯也产生了相当影响,这种影响被墨西哥人类学家称作玉米的社会效应。例如,随着古代玛雅社会人口的增加,每个家庭的玉米种植面积也不断增加,人手不够的情况下,社区内家庭与家庭间相互协作,这种农业上的相互协作机制后来演变为土著社会的“徭役”,即社区内所有居民必须提供义务劳动,如修缮校舍、道路、水库等。此外,印第安人的生活节律也完全以玉米为中心。例如,玛雅人在史前时代制定了一部专门指导玉米种植的天文历法,墨西哥南部的玛雅人居住区仍在使用这种历法。   同其它地区的“酒文化”、“茶文化”一样,墨西哥人种玉米久了自然也就酝酿出自己的“玉米文化”,其中最值得称道的应该是“玉米烹饪文化”。墨西哥人除了将玉米煮熟食用外,还用玉米面烹饪出花样繁多的小吃和菜肴,例如墨西哥传统小吃“塔哥”(玉米卷饼)、玉米粽子、玉米饺子等。据统计,用玉米制作的小吃和菜肴总数有605种之多,其中仅“塔哥”的吃法就有166种,墨西哥的男女老幼一日三餐少不了“塔哥”。因此,西方人把“塔哥”称作墨西哥人的面包。    墨西哥人的智慧不仅体现在对玉米果实的利用上,他们还利用玉米皮、玉米秆等制成生动有趣的手工艺品。在墨西哥城的文化市场上,各种以玉米为材料的小玩具随处可见。墨西哥人对玉米的热爱几乎渗透到了他们生活的每个角落。
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[转载]我国育成的当前有影响的一些玉米品种
lycdenmark 2013-7-31 16:41
农大108育成人许启凤教授曾向笔者传授过“美国育种之王——Troyer”说的这句话: 玉米育种不是数量的游戏,而是把热带的作物驯化成适应美国温带玉米种植环境的游戏。更好的适应性就是更高的产量。 ——A. F. Troyer 我国玉米种植带跨度极大,按中国的气候带划分标准,北起农牧交错区接近寒温带的极早熟玉米,跨过中温带、暖温带,直达亚热带和热带。 我国不是玉米原产国,从元代开始种植玉米的说法肯定不对!因为在大明朝最兴盛时的1405年郑和开始下西洋,但去的是非洲。而近一百年之后,1492年哥伦布才发现了美洲大陆,自此后,玉米才传遍全球。这样算起,玉米在我国种植是从明朝中后期开始的,到现在有五百年的历史。经过五百年的人工驯化,我国本地农家玉米已经适应了中国的环境,这也是我们有了唐四平头和旅大红骨群的原因。 如果以上的话都是真理,那中国的育种就是充分利用国外热带、亚热带、中温带、暖温带玉米资源,结合中国本地抗性,而让玉米更适应中国玉米种植环境的游戏。更好的适应性就是更高的产量。 以下就是我国种植的一些有影响的玉米品种及其血缘说明,各自交系来源均出自新品种权申报或公告。笔者不作任何解释性说明,内行看门道,外行看看热闹吧! 西南玉米区 潞玉13(长玉13) 海9-21×1572 母本海9-21:选自78599等4个先锋优良杂交种组成的综合种,经多代自交选育而成。 父本1572:5003×旅系为基本材料,连续自交5代 中单808 CL11×NG5 母本CL11:来源于78599 父本NG5:95236×95167,引自美国依阿华州立大学 黄淮海区 郑单958 郑58×昌7-2(都知道,就不介绍了) 浚单20 (都知道,就不介绍了) 吉祥1号 母本:武9086为综合种选育与郑58杂交,再回交郑58 父本:昌7-2 隆平206 L239×L7221 母本 L239 是由郑 58 与美国杂交种杂交后经 8 代连续自交选育而成 父本 L7221 是由昌 7-2 经连续 6 代自交选择育成。 蠡玉35 L5895×912 母本 L5895 是以郑 58 为母本,以 Mo17 为父本杂交后,再以郑 58 为轮回父本回交 3 代,此后自交 5 代选育而成 父本912黄改系 登海605 DH351×DH382 母本DH351 是以DH158为母本,以掖107为父本杂交,经连续8代选育而成;(注DH158为X178杂株选系) 父本DH382是以美国杂交种X1132X为基础材料,经连续8代选育而成。 登海662 DH371×DH382 母本DH371 是以沈5003杂株为基础材料,经连续8代自交选育而成。 父本DH382是以美国杂交种X1132X为基础材料,经连续8代选育而成 中单909 郑58×HD568 父本HD568 引自美国的杂交种 为母本,以昌 7-2 为父本杂交后,又以昌 7-2 为轮回父本回交一次,此后经连续 8 代自交选育而成 屯玉808 T88×T172 母本 T88 是美国杂交种与 郑 58杂交 经南繁北育连续自交选育而成 父本 T172 :昌 7-2 × K12 东华北春播区 良玉 88 M54 × S122 母本 M54 是以美国杂交种美 X1132X 为母本,以铁 7922 为父本杂交后经连续 8 代自交选择育成 父本 122 是以掖 H201 为母本,以丹 340 为父本杂交后与丹 340 回交一代,再经连续 8 代自交选择育成 农华 101 NH60 × S121 母本 NH60 是 由德国杂交种与美国 1160R 、 1140D 、 X1132X 混合授粉后经连续 8 代自交选择育成 父本 S121 是丹 340 与 H201 、 H204 混合授粉后经连续 6 代自交选择育成 下两张图片,秋季补上 良玉99 M03×M5972 母本M03是以美国杂交种X1132X的F2代为母本,以郑58为父本杂交后,经连续8代自交育成。 父本M5972是以丹598为母本,以昌7-2为父本杂交得到F1,再以其为母本,以昌7-2为父本回交一次,连续自交8代选育而成。 利民33 L201×L269 母本L201以竖叶6-3×7922为基础材料连续自交11代选育 父本L269以国外杂交种KX0769为基础材料自交7代选育 京科 968 京 724 × 京 92 母本来源美系 父本来源(昌 7-2 ×京 24 )× LX9801 对以上重点自交系作个注解: 78599是我们上个世纪七十年代未由中国农科院由加大拿引入的先锋杂交种,该系列品种选育的自交系,育种家常称为P系,因其属硬粒型,现与兰卡斯特统归类划为NSS群 5003是由沈阳农科院从先锋杂交种3147中选出的自交系沈5003的简称 7922是由铁铃市农科院从先锋杂交种3382中选出的自交系铁7922的简称 8112是由莱州农科院从美国杂交种U8中选出的U8112的简称 107是由莱州农科院从XL80中选出的掖107的简称,是中国第三代玉米品种掖单2号的母本 478是李登海先生用沈5003 ×U8112育成的自交系掖478的简称,是中国第四代玉米品种掖单13母本 郑58是从掖478变异株的选系 昌7-2、京24、K12、LX9801是唐四平头的代表自交系 丹340、丹598是旅大红骨的代表自交系 以上多次提到的美国杂交种X1132X是哪个品种,估计只要搞玉米的都知道。 当然,当前大面积种植的品种中有三个跨国企业为代表品种尤其值得我们反思 先玉 335 亲本来源大家已经非常清楚了,但他留给了我们什么样的反思 注:该图片来自于农业部科技入户首席专家、中国农科院李少昆研究员 另外接近于寒温带中国黑龙江极早熟玉米区由德国KWS的品种一统天下,但其在中国的中熟到晚熟的玉米主栽区没有太大进展,这是不是也值得我们的育种家反思。 KWS 的玉米品种 以德美亚 2 号为例 品种(曾用名: KXS2030 、 KX2030 )是以 KW5G321 为母本,以 KW1A139 为父本杂交组配而成。其中,母本 KW5G321 已获得德国的品种权,其公告号为 M9123 ;父本 KW1A139 已获得德国的品种权,其公告号为 M9351 。 孟山都的迪卡系列和正大的619在亚热带的广西占绝对主栽地位,为什么呢? 孟山都的迪卡 008 为例 以源自Suwan群体的H1087为母本,以源自Tuexpeno血缘的T3261为父本杂交组配育成。其中,母本H1087是孟山都泰国育种站以H4423Z与D8118Z杂交育成;父本T3261是由B5165Z与D2822Z杂交育成。 但跨国企业也开始使用国内血缘育种 如利马格兰的利合16 品种是以外引系CKEXI13为母本,以自选系LPMD72为父本杂交组配育成。其中母本CKEXI13引自黑龙江省农科院克山农业科学研究所;父本LPMD72是法国利马格兰公司以(LPDP53A×NNEG5)F1为基础材料经6代自交选择育成。 如孟山都申请保护的玉米自交系H1675Z 以美国自交系HCL609为母本、以昌7-2为父本进行杂交,获得F1群体,在该群体中进行4年8代的自交选择而获得的稳定自交系。其中,HCL609为美国非坚秆系统自交系。
个人分类: 科技|2010 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载]我国育成的当前有影响的一些玉米品种
lycdenmark 2013-7-31 16:39
农大108育成人许启凤教授曾向笔者传授过“美国育种之王——Troyer”说的这句话: 玉米育种不是数量的游戏,而是把热带的作物驯化成适应美国温带玉米种植环境的游戏。更好的适应性就是更高的产量。 ——A. F. Troyer 我国玉米种植带跨度极大,按中国的气候带划分标准,北起农牧交错区接近寒温带的极早熟玉米,跨过中温带、暖温带,直达亚热带和热带。 我国不是玉米原产国,从元代开始种植玉米的说法肯定不对!因为在大明朝最兴盛时的1405年郑和开始下西洋,但去的是非洲。而近一百年之后,1492年哥伦布才发现了美洲大陆,自此后,玉米才传遍全球。这样算起,玉米在我国种植是从明朝中后期开始的,到现在有五百年的历史。经过五百年的人工驯化,我国本地农家玉米已经适应了中国的环境,这也是我们有了唐四平头和旅大红骨群的原因。 如果以上的话都是真理,那中国的育种就是充分利用国外热带、亚热带、中温带、暖温带玉米资源,结合中国本地抗性,而让玉米更适应中国玉米种植环境的游戏。更好的适应性就是更高的产量。 以下就是我国种植的一些有影响的玉米品种及其血缘说明,各自交系来源均出自新品种权申报或公告。笔者不作任何解释性说明,内行看门道,外行看看热闹吧! 西南玉米区 潞玉13(长玉13) 海9-21×1572 母本海9-21:选自78599等4个先锋优良杂交种组成的综合种,经多代自交选育而成。 父本1572:5003×旅系为基本材料,连续自交5代 中单808 CL11×NG5 母本CL11:来源于78599 父本NG5:95236×95167,引自美国依阿华州立大学 黄淮海区 郑单958 郑58×昌7-2(都知道,就不介绍了) 浚单20 (都知道,就不介绍了) 吉祥1号 母本:武9086为综合种选育与郑58杂交,再回交郑58 父本:昌7-2 隆平206 L239×L7221 母本 L239 是由郑 58 与美国杂交种杂交后经 8 代连续自交选育而成 父本 L7221 是由昌 7-2 经连续 6 代自交选择育成。 蠡玉35 L5895×912 母本 L5895 是以郑 58 为母本,以 Mo17 为父本杂交后,再以郑 58 为轮回父本回交 3 代,此后自交 5 代选育而成 父本912黄改系 登海605 DH351×DH382 母本DH351 是以DH158为母本,以掖107为父本杂交,经连续8代选育而成;(注DH158为X178杂株选系) 父本DH382是以美国杂交种X1132X为基础材料,经连续8代选育而成。 登海662 DH371×DH382 母本DH371 是以沈5003杂株为基础材料,经连续8代自交选育而成。 父本DH382是以美国杂交种X1132X为基础材料,经连续8代选育而成 中单909 郑58×HD568 父本HD568 引自美国的杂交种 为母本,以昌 7-2 为父本杂交后,又以昌 7-2 为轮回父本回交一次,此后经连续 8 代自交选育而成 屯玉808 T88×T172 母本 T88 是美国杂交种与 郑 58杂交 经南繁北育连续自交选育而成 父本 T172 :昌 7-2 × K12 东华北春播区 良玉 88 M54 × S122 母本 M54 是以美国杂交种美 X1132X 为母本,以铁 7922 为父本杂交后经连续 8 代自交选择育成 父本 122 是以掖 H201 为母本,以丹 340 为父本杂交后与丹 340 回交一代,再经连续 8 代自交选择育成 农华 101 NH60 × S121 母本 NH60 是 由德国杂交种与美国 1160R 、 1140D 、 X1132X 混合授粉后经连续 8 代自交选择育成 父本 S121 是丹 340 与 H201 、 H204 混合授粉后经连续 6 代自交选择育成 下两张图片,秋季补上 良玉99 M03×M5972 母本M03是以美国杂交种X1132X的F2代为母本,以郑58为父本杂交后,经连续8代自交育成。 父本M5972是以丹598为母本,以昌7-2为父本杂交得到F1,再以其为母本,以昌7-2为父本回交一次,连续自交8代选育而成。 利民33 L201×L269 母本L201以竖叶6-3×7922为基础材料连续自交11代选育 父本L269以国外杂交种KX0769为基础材料自交7代选育 京科 968 京 724 × 京 92 母本来源美系 父本来源(昌 7-2 ×京 24 )× LX9801 对以上重点自交系作个注解: 78599是我们上个世纪七十年代未由中国农科院由加大拿引入的先锋杂交种,该系列品种选育的自交系,育种家常称为P系,因其属硬粒型,现与兰卡斯特统归类划为NSS群 5003是由沈阳农科院从先锋杂交种3147中选出的自交系沈5003的简称 7922是由铁铃市农科院从先锋杂交种3382中选出的自交系铁7922的简称 8112是由莱州农科院从美国杂交种U8中选出的U8112的简称 107是由莱州农科院从XL80中选出的掖107的简称,是中国第三代玉米品种掖单2号的母本 478是李登海先生用沈5003 ×U8112育成的自交系掖478的简称,是中国第四代玉米品种掖单13母本 郑58是从掖478变异株的选系 昌7-2、京24、K12、LX9801是唐四平头的代表自交系 丹340、丹598是旅大红骨的代表自交系 以上多次提到的美国杂交种X1132X是哪个品种,估计只要搞玉米的都知道。 当然,当前大面积种植的品种中有三个跨国企业为代表品种尤其值得我们反思 先玉 335 亲本来源大家已经非常清楚了,但他留给了我们什么样的反思 注:该图片来自于农业部科技入户首席专家、中国农科院李少昆研究员 另外接近于寒温带中国黑龙江极早熟玉米区由德国KWS的品种一统天下,但其在中国的中熟到晚熟的玉米主栽区没有太大进展,这是不是也值得我们的育种家反思。 KWS 的玉米品种 以德美亚 2 号为例 品种(曾用名: KXS2030 、 KX2030 )是以 KW5G321 为母本,以 KW1A139 为父本杂交组配而成。其中,母本 KW5G321 已获得德国的品种权,其公告号为 M9123 ;父本 KW1A139 已获得德国的品种权,其公告号为 M9351 。 孟山都的迪卡系列和正大的619在亚热带的广西占绝对主栽地位,为什么呢? 孟山都的迪卡 008 为例 以源自Suwan群体的H1087为母本,以源自Tuexpeno血缘的T3261为父本杂交组配育成。其中,母本H1087是孟山都泰国育种站以H4423Z与D8118Z杂交育成;父本T3261是由B5165Z与D2822Z杂交育成。 但跨国企业也开始使用国内血缘育种 如利马格兰的利合16 品种是以外引系CKEXI13为母本,以自选系LPMD72为父本杂交组配育成。其中母本CKEXI13引自黑龙江省农科院克山农业科学研究所;父本LPMD72是法国利马格兰公司以(LPDP53A×NNEG5)F1为基础材料经6代自交选择育成。 如孟山都申请保护的玉米自交系H1675Z 以美国自交系HCL609为母本、以昌7-2为父本进行杂交,获得F1群体,在该群体中进行4年8代的自交选择而获得的稳定自交系。其中,HCL609为美国非坚秆系统自交系。
个人分类: 科技|1755 次阅读|0 个评论
玉米 SHOW SHOW
热度 8 liuli66 2013-7-25 18:17
01 02 03
个人分类: 杂感|659 次阅读|19 个评论
读图:美国的转基因玉米哪里去了?
热度 2 river 2013-7-19 15:15
较好的年份,美国有130亿蒲式耳玉米产量,2012年由于大旱,只有108亿蒲式耳产量。只有很少的玉米棒直接到餐桌上,绝大部分玉米用作饲料(尤其是牛饲料)和酒精生产。2012年有45亿蒲式耳玉米用作酒精生产。42.7亿蒲式耳玉米用作饲料。数据来源:美国爱荷华州立大学。
4042 次阅读|2 个评论
[转载]法国科学家:实验确实证明了转基因玉米诱发肿瘤
热度 2 bmzy 2013-7-18 14:04
 2012年9月,法国科学家塞拉利尼在 《食品与化学毒理学》发表文章称,使用抗除草剂的NK603转基因玉米喂养的试验鼠出现高致癌率,试验老鼠身上乒乓球大小的肿瘤很快传遍世界,也登上了中国各大媒体网站的显著位置。 7月13日,塞拉利尼刚现身研讨会就引起媒体的关注。针对外界对小白鼠致癌试验的质疑,塞拉利尼回应说,“我们进行的是全世界最棒的测试和分析,这个事件当中我们做出了好几百例的证明,相关的数据进行了详细的记录。” 塞拉利尼说:“我们做动物90天的试验已经发现了问题,90天的相关测试都证明孟山都的产品对肝和肾都是有害的,所以90天的实验肯定不行。孟山都生产的全世界十几种转基因产品中,我们看到哺乳动物的肝和肾都出现相关问题,我们认为肯定是与消费或食用转基因有关。” 目前,转基因试验有个规定,即90天的哺乳动物试验证明安全就可以进行食用。但是塞拉利尼团队在世界首次突破了90天界线。塞拉利尼说,这是世界上的第一个长期的研究,而且我们有针对性地对肿瘤进行分析。“我们可以看到,两年间50只鼠的34个器官都增大了,我们做了200个小白鼠的实验。” 塞拉利尼举例说,试验不仅看肾脏肝脏方面的相关数据,还有对性激素的影响,这些影响也间接地导致了老鼠的死亡,其中试验雄鼠在食用转基因饲料一年后死亡,雌鼠八个月就死,雌鼠的死亡率更快。“我们进一步观察发现,差不多90%都是乳腺方面的肿瘤,还有一些其他方面的肿瘤。我们的结论是,转基因对肝、肾还有乳腺肯定会产生影响,是不安全的,我们要停止使用。” 在回答 《每日经济新闻》记者提问时,塞拉利尼说,如果说扰乱到激素的话,你的细胞肯定会受到影响,如果说性激素受更多转基因影响的话,肯定会导致肿瘤,“实际上它不是一个什么谜,它完全可以引导这些负面情况出现,因为实际情况中鼠类已经出现了。” 中国科学家对塞拉利尼的试验也分成了两派。 前不久中国工程院院士戴景瑞作客人民网时说 “塞拉利尼自己做了批评了,说自己搞错了,以后不再发转基因文章。” 当现场有观众提到上述科学家的攻击时,塞拉利尼有些无奈地说,“实际上人就是这样的,没有什么辩论的论据了以后就找这些借口。” 塞拉利尼称,自己并不反对孟山都公司本身,“我不愿意为这些公司说话,我愿意为我的孩子,为我的健康说话,这样的话我晚上不会做噩梦。” 另外,美国胡伯教授也提到:“当后世的人回看我们书写的这段历史的时候,他们不会在意我们用了多少杀虫剂,他们会惊讶于我们怎么能够心甘情愿地牺牲自己世世代代的未来的生存安全,仅仅是为了迁就一家公司,这家公司好象是为了赚钱,或者说主要是为了挣钱。” 2011年初,胡伯曾致信美国农业部长,警告他不可轻易批准更多的转基因农作物种植,因在广泛使用的转基因大豆中发现了可疑的新型微生物,疑似导致大量的母牛流产的致病源,美国某些养牛场母牛流产率高达45%。 
1882 次阅读|3 个评论
[转载]法国科学家:实验证明转基因玉米诱发肿瘤
yulele 2013-7-16 12:58
今日 2013年7月16日 星期二 首页 - 每日经济新闻 - 帮助 文章搜索 : 用户名:  密码: 用户名:  密码:   当前位置: 每日经济新闻20130716期 第07版:公司·综合 法国科学家:实验证明转基因玉米诱发肿瘤 稿件来源:每经记者 金微 发自北京 每经记者 金微 发自北京 2012年9月,法国科学家塞拉利尼在 《食品与化学毒理学》发表文章称,使用抗除草剂的NK603转基因玉米喂养的试验鼠出现高致癌率,试验老鼠身上乒乓球大小的肿瘤很快传遍世界,也登上了中国各大媒体网站的显著位置。 7月13日,塞拉利尼刚现身研讨会就引起媒体的关注。针对外界对小白鼠致癌试验的质疑,塞拉利尼回应说,“我们进行的是全世界最棒的测试和分析,这个事件当中我们做出了好几百例的证明,相关的数据进行了详细的记录。” 塞拉利尼说:“我们做动物90天的试验已经发现了问题,90天的相关测试都证明孟山都的产品对肝和肾都是有害的,所以90天的实验肯定不行。孟山都生产的全世界十几种转基因产品中,我们看到哺乳动物的肝和肾都出现相关问题,我们认为肯定是与消费或食用转基因有关。” 目前,转基因试验有个规定,即90天的哺乳动物试验证明安全就可以进行食用。但是塞拉利尼团队在世界首次突破了90天界线。塞拉利尼说,这是世界上的第一个长期的研究,而且我们有针对性地对肿瘤进行分析。“我们可以看到,两年间50只鼠的34个器官都增大了,我们做了200个小白鼠的实验。” 塞拉利尼举例说,试验不仅看肾脏肝脏方面的相关数据,还有对性激素的影响,这些影响也间接地导致了老鼠的死亡,其中试验雄鼠在食用转基因饲料一年后死亡,雌鼠八个月就死,雌鼠的死亡率更快。“我们进一步观察发现,差不多90%都是乳腺方面的肿瘤,还有一些其他方面的肿瘤。我们的结论是,转基因对肝、肾还有乳腺肯定会产生影响,是不安全的,我们要停止使用。” 在回答 《每日经济新闻》记者提问时,塞拉利尼说,如果说扰乱到激素的话,你的细胞肯定会受到影响,如果说性激素受更多转基因影响的话,肯定会导致肿瘤,“实际上它不是一个什么谜,它完全可以引导这些负面情况出现,因为实际情况中鼠类已经出现了。” 中国科学家对塞拉利尼的试验也分成了两派。 前不久中国工程院院士戴景瑞作客人民网时说 “塞拉利尼自己做了批评了,说自己搞错了,以后不再发转基因文章。” 当现场有观众提到上述科学家的攻击时,塞拉利尼有些无奈地说,“实际上人就是这样的,没有什么辩论的论据了以后就找这些借口。” 塞拉利尼称,自己并不反对孟山都公司本身,“我不愿意为这些公司说话,我愿意为我的孩子,为我的健康说话,这样的话我晚上不会做噩梦。” 另外,美国胡伯教授也提到:“当后世的人回看我们书写的这段历史的时候,他们不会在意我们用了多少杀虫剂,他们会惊讶于我们怎么能够心甘情愿地牺牲自己世世代代的未来的生存安全,仅仅是为了迁就一家公司,这家公司好象是为了赚钱,或者说主要是为了挣钱。” 2011年初,胡伯曾致信美国农业部长,警告他不可轻易批准更多的转基因农作物种植,因在广泛使用的转基因大豆中发现了可疑的新型微生物,疑似导致大量的母牛流产的致病源,美国某些养牛场母牛流产率高达45%。
个人分类: 学术打假|812 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载]法国科学家:实验证明转基因玉米诱发肿瘤
热度 1 wya 2013-7-16 09:49
http://money.163.com/13/0716/01/93S9A7U400253B0H.html?from=news 2012年9月,法国科学家塞拉利尼在 《食品与化学毒理学》发表文章称,使用抗除草剂的NK603转基因玉米喂养的试验鼠出现高致癌率,试验老鼠身上乒乓球大小的肿瘤很快传遍世界,也登上了中国各大媒体网站的显著位置。 7月13日,塞拉利尼刚现身研讨会就引起媒体的关注。针对外界对小白鼠致癌试验的质疑,塞拉利尼回应说,“我们进行的是全世界最棒的测试和分析,这个事件当中我们做出了好几百例的证明,相关的数据进行了详细的记录。” 塞拉利尼说:“我们做动物90天的试验已经发现了问题,90天的相关测试都证明 孟山都 的产品对肝和肾都是有害的,所以90天的实验肯定不行。孟山都生产的全世界十几种转基因产品中,我们看到哺乳动物的肝和肾都出现相关问题,我们认为肯定是与消费或食用转基因有关。” 目前,转基因试验有个规定,即90天的哺乳动物试验证明安全就可以进行食用。但是塞拉利尼团队在世界首次突破了90天界线。塞拉利尼说,这是世界上的第一个长期的研究,而且我们有针对性地对肿瘤进行分析。“我们可以看到,两年间50只鼠的34个器官都增大了,我们做了200个小白鼠的实验。” 塞拉利尼举例说,试验不仅看肾脏肝脏方面的相关数据,还有对性激素的影响,这些影响也间接地导致了老鼠的死亡,其中试验雄鼠在食用转基因饲料一年后死亡,雌鼠八个月就死,雌鼠的死亡率更快。“我们进一步观察发现,差不多90%都是乳腺方面的肿瘤,还有一些其他方面的肿瘤。我们的结论是,转基因对肝、肾还有乳腺肯定会产生影响,是不安全的,我们要停止使用。” 在回答 《每日经济新闻》记者提问时,塞拉利尼说,如果说扰乱到激素的话,你的细胞肯定会受到影响,如果说性激素受更多转基因影响的话,肯定会导致肿瘤,“实际上它不是一个什么谜,它完全可以引导这些负面情况出现,因为实际情况中鼠类已经出现了。” 中国科学家对塞拉利尼的试验也分成了两派。 前不久中国工程院院士戴景瑞作客 人民网 时说 “塞拉利尼自己做了批评了,说自己搞错了,以后不再发转基因文章。” 当现场有观众提到上述科学家的攻击时,塞拉利尼有些无奈地说,“实际上人就是这样的,没有什么辩论的论据了以后就找这些借口。” 塞拉利尼称,自己并不反对孟山都公司本身,“我不愿意为这些公司说话,我愿意为我的孩子,为我的健康说话,这样的话我晚上不会做噩梦。” 另外,美国胡伯教授也提到:“当后世的人回看我们书写的这段历史的时候,他们不会在意我们用了多少杀虫剂,他们会惊讶于我们怎么能够心甘情愿地牺牲自己世世代代的未来的生存安全,仅仅是为了迁就一家公司,这家公司好象是为了赚钱,或者说主要是为了挣钱。” 2011年初,胡伯曾致信美国农业部长,警告他不可轻易批准更多的转基因农作物种植,因在广泛使用的转基因大豆中发现了可疑的新型微生物,疑似导致大量的母牛流产的致病源,美国某些养牛场母牛流产率高达45%。 http://health.gmw.cn/2012-09/30/content_5253903.htm 正确面对法国转基因玉米致癌研究的国外批评
个人分类: 社会观察|1129 次阅读|3 个评论
[转载]新华网:意大利禁种一种转基因玉米
蒋高明 2013-7-15 09:11
意大利禁种一种转基因玉米 2013年07月13日 11:34:38 来源: 新华网 ​http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2013-07/13/c_116522840.htm 新华网罗马7月12日电(记者刘宇)意大利农业部、卫生部和环境部12日联合签署法令,禁止在意境内种植MON810转基因玉米。 MON810转基因玉米由美国孟山都公司研发,是目前获准在欧盟种植的两种转基因作物之一。 意大利农业部在其网站上发布公告说,签署这项禁令是因为意大利和欧洲研究发现,抗虫的MON810转基因玉米有可能对生物多样性造成负面影响,同时也不排除它可能对水生生物造成影响。 意大利农业部长农齐亚·德吉罗拉莫在该网站上表示,颁布禁令是为了保护意大利农产品的独特性,避免单一化。多样性和质量是意大利农业的根本,农业部不会为经济利益而冒险,并且转基因食品在价格上并未表现出明显的竞争力。 根据相关法律,由三部部长联合签署的法令将在政府公报正式刊出后立即生效,但需要在18个月内通过议会投票成为正式法律,否则将失效。
个人分类: 自然与社会|1530 次阅读|0 个评论
分享玉米研究网站(互相学习,交流分享)
热度 1 wangpingxi2009 2013-7-13 11:39
MAIZE RESOURCE: 1、 http://www.agronext.iastate.edu/corn/ ( IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY )研究玉米的一生和玉米起源的历史。 可以查找玉米生产相关的最新信息 , 包括生长发育、杂交种选育 / 遗传、育种计划及育种方法等等。是 CORN PRODUCTION CENTER. 2、 GRAMENE, http://www.gramene.org/ ( 做玉米比较基因组学必备的网站,更新非常快,非常牛的水稻相关数据库 ) 3、 WebFPC :MAIZE, http://www.genome.arizona.edu/fpc/WebAGCoL/maize/WebFPC/ (玉米物理图谱网站) 4、 MaizeGDB , http://www.maizegdb.org/ 玉米研究者每周至少去一次的地方。 关于玉米最全面的网站,多数人都知道,但是真正利用的人很少。历年的玉米遗传学大会及育种大会,所有的 MAIZENEWSLETTER 文章都挂在这里,所有国际会议的文章及最新育种动态(美国)都在这里。 5 、 PANZEA http://www.panzea.org/ (研究玉米基因组分子和功能多样性的,包括很多种质研究,其 proposal 写的非常非常好,其中有 Buckler 的贡献) 6 、 http://www.pioneer.com/web/site/portal/ (地球人都知道的先锋公司网) 7 、 http://www.chinamaize.com.cn/ (中国玉米论坛) 8 、 http://www.cplbookshop.com/contents/C2051.htm (有关单倍体的网站) 9 、 http://www.cimmyt.org/ ( CIMMYT 中心,索取材料的好地方,免费发放) 10 、 http://www.chinamaize.com.cn/index.htm (中国玉米网,在这里可以获得国内玉米的有关信息) 11 、 http://www.maizecdna.org/outreach/resources.html (玉米全长 cDNA 计划网,值得关注) 12 、 http://www.ncga.com/education/main/index.html (在这里可以学习到关于玉米育种及分子方面的一些知识) 13 、 http://mtm.cshl.edu/ ( Maize targeted mutagenesis database ) 关于玉米突变体库的最强 网站 14 、 http://www.maizearray.org/index.shtml Maize Oligonucleotide Array Project. 玉米芯片数据汇总网站。也是新兴研究热点 eQTL 的基础网站。 15 、 http://genome.purdue.edu/maizetilling/ maize tilling project 16 、 http://www.plantgenomics.iastate.edu/maize/ MAGI, 是个好地方,学玉米的都应该去看看 17 、 http://www.sciencevie.cn/ (新发现,科学人文杂志,科研工作者必看) 18 、 http://www.oursci.org/ (国内各个科研领域牛人写科普的地方,值得关注) 19 、 http://www.sciam.com.cn/ SCIENCE AMERICAN, 环球科学 , 科学美国人中文版 20 、 http://www.fao.org/Biotech/index.asp?lang=zh 联合国粮农组织 ( FAO ) 21 、 http://www.sciencenet.cn/ 科学网,全球华人科学社区 22 、 http://maize-mapping.plantgenomics.iastate.edu/ ( maize geneticmapping project , Schnable , Iowa State University ) 23、 http://www.maizegenome.org/ (玉米测序实时数据) 24 、 http://maize.tigr.org/ 数据非常丰富 25 、 http://www.maizesequence.org/index.html 玉米测序实时数据 26 、 http://www.agronext.iastate.edu/corn/ 玉米的一生和玉米的起源 玉米相关工具网站: 1、 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ , NCBI 地球人都知道,可惜真正利用的人较少,尤其会用的少。 2、 http://mendel.cs.rhul.ac.uk/mendel.php?topic=fgen-file Bioinformatics WEB server , gene finding 。基因预测及其它工具 3、 http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html the new GENSCAN Web server at MIT, 基因预测工具 4、 http://www.cshprotocols.org/ Cold spring harbor protocols 实验操作手册。 5、 http://www.nslij-genetics.org/soft/ 生物软件集成。 6、 http://rootgenomics.missouri.edu/prgc/index.html Plant root genomics consortium ,作根部研究的要看看。 7、 http://markers.btk.fi/ 苦于开发标记的同学一定要看看 8、 http://zlab.bu.edu/~mfrith/NucFreqMat.html cis-finding 顺式作用因子,做功能的看看 9、 http://www.epd.isb-sib.ch/ 启动子数据库 10、 http://www.ba.itb.cnr.it/UTR/ UTR 测序 ( internet Resources for sequence analysis of 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of Eukaryotic mRNAs ) 11、 http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html genscan, 基因预测的工具。 12、 http://opal.biology.gatech.edu/GeneMark/genemark24.cgi 基因预测工具,尤其是从已经测序的 cDNA 里面发掘基因。 13、 http://ricegaas.dna.affrc.go.jp/ 也是一个基因预测工具,尤其是对 BAC 。 14、 http://rootgenomics.missouri.edu/prgc/index.html 做根部性状的可以看看 15、 http://www.plantstress.com/ Plant stress 作物研究的必然方向。 16、 http://www.epd.isb-sib.ch/ EPD 启动子数据库 17、 http://gqtl.maizecenter.cn/ QTL-Finder ,中国玉米中心,数量性状位点发现工具。 18、 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=searchdb=pubmed 实际上是 NCBI 的 PubMed 工具。 19、 http://zlab.bu.edu/~mfrith/NucFreqMat.html 做功能研究必看网站 20、 http://opal.biology.gatech.edu/GeneMark/genemark24.cgi GeneMark Version 2.5 , mRNA 和 cDNA 分析。 21、 http://www.ba.itb.cnr.it/UTR/ UTResource , UTR 预测。细胞生长发育、差异研究、环境反应等基础的分子生物学。 22、 http://www.protocol-online.org/ 本网站几乎所有的涉及生物方面分析的 PROtocol 、生物软件、生物信息分析、生物产品、论坛、 blog 、、、、、等,还包括文章推荐和 PUBalert 类似于 my NCBI 、、、、是一个超强的生物站点 23、 http://www.rug.nl/gbb/index 计算生物学,需要智慧!!! 玉米学术界 famous researchers : 1 、 http://www.genetics.uga.edu/jlblab/BenCV.htm Jeffrey LynnBennetzen 植物比较基因组权威专家 2 、 http://teosinte.wisc.edu/ Doebley 研究玉米进化的 , 美科学院院士 3 、 http://waksman.rutgers.edu/Waks/Dooner/dooner.html 4 、 http://www.maizegenetics.net/ 玉米 LD 分析鼻祖Buckler 5 、 http://www.umsl.edu/services/kellogg/ 分子进化和发育 6 、 http://schnablelab.plantgenomics.iastate.edu/ 玉米基因组权威专家 7 、 http://pgir.rutgers.edu/ 玉米基因组另一个专家 8 、 http://www.plantgenome.uga.edu/personnel.html 植物基因组 9 、 http://www.cropsci.uiuc.edu/faculty/rocheford/#pubs 高油玉米,中国农大的合作者 10 、 http://www.genome.arizona.edu/ Rodwing 植物基因组,玉米基因组测序主持人之一 11、 http://faculty.ucr.edu/~jkzhu/ 植物领域的权威专家,尤其是抗旱。华人的典范。 ​
个人分类: 科研方面|10061 次阅读|3 个评论
玉米的身世
热度 10 river 2013-7-2 20:52
考古学者发现的玉米样本,自古至今它们有着惊人的相似。图 © Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology 大刍草(左)种子有坚硬的外壳,颗粒也少。图utah.edu 提要:进化不仅可以是缓慢渐进的,还可以因为某个基因微小变化而产生迅速剧变。玉米便是此中典型案例。 孙滔 /文 1492 年哥伦布在美洲发现印第安人以玉米为食物,于是将其带回欧洲 , 随后传播种植到世界各地。中国则在明代将玉米引进。 玉米是一种驯化作物。与小麦、水稻有明显的野生近缘种不同,人们很难找到果实颗粒分排密布在玉米轴上的野生品种。 玉米的起源有多种说法,目前认可较多的一种说法是,其祖宗是墨西哥的大刍草,又称为类蜀黍。其植株形态和果实形态均与现代玉米有较大出入。 大约一万年前,在墨西哥区域居住的古代农民开始选育玉米,他们选择了其中或较大的,或味道较好的,或更容易磨碎的种子来播种。最终玉米棒变得更大,颗粒更多,成为现代玉米的模样。现今玉米的无稃(果实硬壳)以及果穗外包厚厚苞叶便是人们长期选育的结果。 通过遗传学分析,大刍草的果实与玉米有着相同数目的染色体和类似的基因序列。事实上,大刍草与现代玉米可以杂交,自然繁殖为新的品种。 但这就引发在进化上一个巨大难题。因为人们普遍认为进化始终是缓慢而渐进的,缘何玉米会突然出现在大刍草的进化舞台上?这难倒了科学家。 人们最终推倒了原来的进化认识,转而倾向于认为在玉米驯化最早的时候,单个基因的微小变化而产生了戏剧性结果。 科学家想弄清楚两者杂交的历史过程,以便了解其 DNA 水平的变化详情。如今结合遗传学研究和考古记录,人们已经拼凑出玉米演化的故事。 大刍草中的 tga1 基因使得其籽粒被较长的坚硬稃壳包裹,而玉米中的 tga1 则使得玉米颗粒无壳且柔软。科学家将玉米的 tga1 基因转移到大刍草后,发现其外壳变小且转变为半包裹状态,而两者 tga1 基因之间仅一个核苷酸的差异。 另外一个重要基因则是 tb1 ,与玉米分蘖有关。这个基因在大刍草中被抑制,结果产生许多分蘖,而在玉米中表达更多,结果则是无分蘖或少分蘖。一个依据是, 科学家将大刍草的 tb1 转移到玉米中,导致玉米的分蘖陡增。 玉米具有分蘖的特点,但分蘖会 会消耗自身营养,减弱主茎的生长发育,分蘖一般难以发育成果穗,从而影响最终产量。因此大刍草 在人类长期栽培驯化后变得无分蘖或少分蘖。 大刍草和玉米的分蘖区别在于 tb1基因。图 utah.edu 这正说明,某个基因的微小变化可以产生剧变,这也就也解释了玉米为何会突然出现。也就是说,进化并不总是渐变的。 当然,玉米进化会涉及许多基因,只是其基因效应相对较弱。如淀粉类型和含量,不同气候和土壤的适应能力,果实颗粒的长度和数量,颗粒的大小、性状和颜色,抗虫性等等,这些变化正应传统进化论的看法:进化是渐进缓慢的。 选育还不止如此, 野生植物的驯化并非易事 。 已有实验证明,从墨西哥类蜀黍到玉米要经历不到 20 代植物的驯化。 野生谷物为了更大范围传播其种子以求较高存活性,其种子成熟时便自动脱落。但这个植物天生的求生本能却导致农民不能充分收获种子,只有这些种子留在穗上等到所有种子成熟方能充分收获。要成为粮食作物,这些野生谷物便要减弱其落粒性,我们的祖先一直在驯化谷物的低落粒性。人们在采集的时候倾向于采集那些不易于脱落的种子 , 这种无意识的选择驯化的长期结果便是产生不落粒品种。 另外,与其它多数作物不同,玉米被人类驯化得失去了自然繁衍的能力,必须靠人为手段才能得以繁衍。 研究还显示,作物驯化并非快速、本地化的过程,而可能是在不同区域进行很长时期的不断试错过程。 当然,到现在玉米育种早已不再是自然杂交产生的选育。作为高新农业育种技术,转基因玉米已经有抗虫、抗除草剂、抗旱、转植酸酶玉米等多个品种,而复合性状转基因玉米更是大受农民欢迎,并且已经有育种公司推广了 8 个基因转移的玉米 。 主要参考: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variation/corn/ http://news.wustl.edu/news/pages/20914.aspx http://epaper.hljnews.cn/ncb/html/2010-06/29/content_542169.htm
28105 次阅读|23 个评论
中国为何进口美国转基因玉米
热度 2 river 2013-6-30 21:57
图blog.campusgrumble.com 作者 孙滔 近期带有“玉米进口”“转基因玉米”两个关键词的新闻不断。中储粮订购了96万吨的美国转基因玉米,创下近年中国玉米进口订单记录。有业内人士预计中国今年可能的进口720万吨玉米。6月,孟山都公司研发的抗旱玉米获得中国审批。与此同时,去年沸沸扬扬的法国“转基因玉米致癌”研究再掀风波。 事实上,沸沸扬扬的新闻背后的真正问题是,中国为何要进口玉米,尤其是转基因玉米,且要从美国进口? 2012年,中国进口玉米创造了记录,达到520.74万吨,其中来自美国的玉米多达511.33万吨。也就是说,有98.2%的进口玉米来自美国。 有网友评论:500多万吨只是中国玉米产量的9牛一毛。言外之意,不必为这520万吨进口玉米大惊小怪。 事实并非如此。中国2012年玉米产量约2亿吨,进口520万吨不过中国产量的约1/40,也就是说,每40个中国人需要有1个人来靠外国(主要是美国)来供给玉米(当然还包括猪肉、酒精、糖类等副产品)。 如果这还不算什么,我们来看中国玉米进口数据的变化(数据来自美国农业部): 如图所示,与此前偶尔进口玉米不同,中国在近几年玉米进口量连续增加,这个时期正是中国大力发展城镇化的时期。城镇化就意味着肉蛋奶的消费剧增,而肉蛋奶与玉米关系不言而喻。加上人们对玉米加工产品(酒精、玉米浆、玉米蛋白粉、糖类添加剂)需求的急剧提升,都增加了中国对玉米的需求。 那么,这个需求还会继续,因为领导说了,城镇化是扩大内需的最大潜力所在。这时候,粮食不够了,怎么办?只有进口。这个时候,你还觉得520万吨玉米是小事吗? 再加上一个数字的话,就会有人不安了。2012年、2011年两年间,美国转基因玉米种植面积占88%的比例;而此前中国已经通过多个品种的转基因玉米进口审批,这就意味着,中国进口的这些玉米中将有相当一部分属于转基因玉米。当然,这些玉米都用于饲料加工。 中国在2012年玉米播种面积34949千公顷,分别比2011年增加1407千公顷;玉米产量20812万吨,增产8.0%。这就让人不得不产生疑问,为何在国内玉米产量提高的情况下,进口玉米还是陡升呢? 将这个问题以历史眼光来看。中国进口玉米在2009年前后出现大幅度上升。这个时期正是中国大力发展城镇化的时期,肉蛋奶的消费提高就要求饲料消费攀升,玉米深加工产品和畜牧业需求上升,而饲料的来源主要为玉米、大豆。同时,玉米在酒精、玉米糖浆、淀粉、玉米油生产中角色更加重要。 只是中国的玉米深加工业的加工深度不够,综合利用度低,而美国有更加精确的数据。玉米在其他食品、种子和工业用途有14亿蒲式耳(1蒲式耳玉米=56磅,约25.40公斤),相当于3556万吨。玉米作为酒精燃料的使用46.5亿蒲式耳,饲料和残渣用量则是44亿蒲式耳。 美国是世界上最大的玉米生产国和出口国。2008年,其玉米粒(不包括爆米花和甜玉米)约占12%的美国农产品出口值。其出口量的增长系由于俄罗斯、日本、欧洲和发展中国家的强劲需求所致。 有数据显示,以玉米为原料生产燃料乙醇的副产品,玉米酒糟蛋白(DDGs)饲料在北美洲年产约320万吨~350万吨。在美国和加拿大国内消耗的玉米酒糟蛋白60%用于饲喂奶牛,36%用于饲喂肉牛,4%用于饲喂猪、鸡和其他动物。而中国2012年进口了玉米酒糟蛋白238.2万吨,这个数据不算在前述511.33万吨之中。 据中国海关数据,2012年前11个月玉米进口均价为每吨326.2美元,即2元每公斤。那么我们来计算一下中美玉米种植的成本比较。 依据这篇文章《 2012年我省玉米成本效益分析 》,山东省每亩玉米产量520公斤,每公斤价格为2.2元,当年每亩玉米总产值1200.4元,扣除总成本1011.08元(总成本与表格有误差,原文如此,可能信息有缺失),每亩纯收益为189.32元。 美国的情况为(数据来自美国农业部),亩产493.77公斤,价格1.64元每公斤,总产值810.6元,除去总成本620.43元,净收益为190.17元。 表一 美国与山东的玉米种植成本分析(2012年) 表二 美国与山东每亩玉米净收益对比(2012年) 事实上,美国2012年玉米生育期逢上大旱令玉米减产。以2011年为例(之前的数年玉米产量更高),其亩产为589公斤,2012年锐减至493.77公斤。而中国粮食当年为九连增,2012年全国农业气候条件总体较好,没有发生大范围的旱涝灾害。玉米产量也创新高,玉米每公顷产量达到5955公斤,增产207公斤。也就是说,全国玉米亩产仅397公斤(如《 神农架林区2012年度玉米种植成本收益分析报告 》中九户农民65亩玉米的2012年亩产量平均396.6公斤,《 云南省2012年玉米作物成本效益分析 》中调查点4个、共调查39户农户、157.46亩的样本量得出结论称玉米单产521.12公斤,《 四川省2012年玉米生产成本收益情况分析 》则称全省18个市、州29个县270户玉米平均亩产410.02公斤)。 图三中国玉米单产水平与美国及世界平均水平的比较。数据来自FAO(自李永祥,中国玉米品种改良及其种质基础分析,2013) 即使如此,美国玉米仍然在成本、出口价格上占据优势。由此,我们即明白为何要大量进口玉米。当然,价格只是其中因素之一。更多原因系国内需求增长,国内种植无法满足,而美国系世界上最大玉米出口国。 好了,回到转基因玉米问题。有分析指出,转基因玉米种植面积所占份额从2000年的25%提高到目前的88%,主要得益于抗虫、抗除草剂复合性状转基因玉米的大量种植。农场主正是出于增产、减少农药使用、减少田间管理等因素考虑大量使用转基因玉米种子。 当然,种子仅为作物产量提高的因素之一。玉米产量与技术的改进(种子,化肥,农药,机械等)、生产实践(减少耕作,灌溉,作物轮作,病虫害管理系统)均有密切关系。 美国玉米生产技术简化,在玉米生育期间很少进行田间管理,抗虫、耐除草剂转基因玉米是重要因素外,种子筛选加工、单粒播种、免耕、子粒直接收获等技术,减少了田间管理,减少机械作业和燃油消耗,减少果实晾晒、脱粒等环节。甚至一些农场还在播种、施肥和收获机械上安装了GPS装置,如此可准确控制行距、播种量和产量。
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EPPO:阿根廷首次报道发生玉米细菌性枯萎病
fumigation 2013-6-13 11:01
2013/083 First report of Pantoea stewartii in Argentina During the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons, symptoms of bacterial leaf blight were observed in maize ( Zea mays ) crops in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. In this province, the disease incidence reached around 54%. Leaf samples were collected from 10 symptomatic maize plants, grown in 15 fields covering a representative geographical area. Molecular (PCR) and pathogenicity tests confirmed the presence of Pantoea stewartii (EPPO A2 List) in diseased maize plants. This is the first time that P. stewartii is reported from Argentina. The situation of Pantoea stewartii in Argentina can be described as follows: Present, first detected during the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 maize growing seasons in the province of Córdoba. Source: Albarracín Orio AG, Brücher E, Plazas MC, Sayago P, Guerra F, de Rossi R, Ducasse DA, Guerra GD (2013) First report of Stewart’s wilt of maize in Argentina caused by Pantoea stewartii . Plant Disease 96 (12), 1819-1820. Additional key words: new record Computer codes: ERWIST, AR
个人分类: 检验检疫|2980 次阅读|0 个评论
中国销毁三批美国转基因玉米震撼全球
热度 1 蒋高明 2013-6-1 21:58
中国人对转基因说不了,销毁三批美国转基因玉米。如果没有安全问题,好好的粮食缘何销毁?请挺转专家和挺转官员们来解释一下吧。 中国销毁三批美国转基因玉米震撼全球, 被称为爆炸性新闻 作者:半解一知半解 时间: 2013 年 5 月 24 日 http://club.china.com/data/thread/1011/2760/65/26/9_1.html 在中国,关注转基因状况的人都会注意到媒体和网络最近报道的中国销毁 3 批进口的美国转基因玉米的事件,凡是知道转基因“致病致死、断子绝孙、亡国灭种”巨大危害的人们,特别是长期默默无闻坚贞不屈反转基因的民族英雄们,都会认为这两次销毁行动大快人心,都会为新的党中央和中央政府为民除害感到欢欣鼓舞。 这两个重大消息在被提供给欧洲著名反转基因网站 GMWatch 点 org( 《转基因监测网》 ) 并以 China destroys three shipments of GM corn from US ( 中国销毁来自美国的三批转基因玉米 ) 为标题大幅报道以后,在国际上也引起了除主流媒体以外的大众网络和媒体的极大关注,被称为“爆炸性新闻” (breaking news) 、“特大新闻” (great news) 的到广泛传播,从部分国外网友的评论来看,中国新政府的这次销毁行动赢得了国际大众的人心,有的甚至因此临时改变了过去对中国有偏见的看法。相信这个重要新闻在接下来的几天里还会继续热传,甚至不排除部分国际主流媒体加入传播的可能性。 实际上,中国销毁美国转基因玉米的消息既是喜又是忧,可以说是喜忧参半,喜的是新的党中央和中央政府已经突破新旧农业部的信息封锁、信息误导、信息欺骗和信息过滤,已经明确知道转基因的巨大危害,而且已经开始出手为了全国人民、中华民族和子孙后代的健康和生存安全严查、严控转基因,只要坚持到底,中国很可能成为世界上第一个彻底消灭转基因骗子集团和转基因食品的国家;忧的是仅仅在 5 月份,就有三个批次的非法转基因强行闯关企图危害同胞和国家,那么,没有被检查或者查出来的有不有呢?这些年来有多少呢?中国在新旧农业部的欺骗性大力强推下,已经成为了世界上最大的转基因种植国、生产加工国、消费国、进口国、污染国和受害国,这种祸国殃民的严峻现实何时才能有根本好转呢?而且,以猛散毒为首的国际转基因骗子种族灭绝犯罪集团又会如何勾结美国政府对中国新的党中央和中央政府施压呢? 这次南北两地销毁非法美国转基因玉米的行动既有象征意义,也有现实意义,象征意义是新的党中央和中央政府向全国人民和世界人民表明了维护人民、民族和国家利益毫不动摇的坚定决心,实际意义就是警告国内那些黑白猫的徒子徒孙们不要企图把自己肮脏、罪恶的利益凌驾于党和政府的政策、法律之上,更不要昧着做人做事的起码良心为了自己肮脏、罪恶的利益危害人民、民族和国家利益。同时,也是警告国内外的转基因骗子集团,不要企图在转基因这个涉及到全国人民和中华民族生死存亡的重大问题上挑战新的党中央和中央政府,否则就很可能搬起石头砸自己的脚。 虽然中国的转基因黑幕早已是冰冻三尺,但我们坚信,有全国众多不屈不挠的反转正义人士的坚决斗争,由全国人民的觉醒,有以习总为首的新的党中央坚定不移的走全心全意为人民服务的正确道路,全中国人民没有慢性巨毒品和生物武器转基因的中国梦一定能够实现,正义终将战胜邪恶,转基因种族灭绝犯罪分子汉奸卖国贼们也必将受到严惩! 希望习总在 6 月份访美行程中保持这个来之不易的国内国际的良好势头和良好声誉,不要签任何进口美国转基因产品的订单或者协议。 只要以习总为首的新的党中央和中央政府继续在“全心全意为人民服务”,以民族的生存、发展为重,尽快彻底粉碎国际国内转基因骗子种族灭绝集团企图象灭绝北美印第安人那样用转基因灭绝全国人民和中华民族的罪恶阴谋,就不仅一定会赢得全中国人民的衷心拥护、爱戴和全力支持并名垂青史、流芳万世,而且在国际上也会赢得全世界人民的高度尊重和敬仰,从而把中国、中国人民和中华民族的国际形象和国际影响提高到一个新的阶段和高度! 一.以下是《转基因监测网》该文的中文翻译,需要查看原文的网友请自己网搜。 中国销毁来自美国的三批转基因玉米 China destroys three shipments of GM corn from US 周三, 2013 年 5 月 22 日 10 时 26 分 1 。珠海市湾仔口岸销毁了两批进口的转基因食品 2 。哈尔滨共截获转基因玉米种子 115 公斤,将被销毁 注:以下新闻报道称中国政府 5 月份摧毁了三批来自美国的转基因玉米。根据中国的转基因生物安全法,这些货物为非法。 为了验证种子开发商提供的数据,法律规定,农业部应要求中国机构进行环境和食品安全检测。在农业部日签发安全证书前,所有这些文件必须由国家生物安全委员会审核。 然而,根据下面的新闻报道,这三批美国玉米并没有相关的安全证书和批准文件。 一位我们称之为李先生的中国公民称新政府销毁非法转基因的果断行动是“一大进步、令人鼓舞并大快人心”。他认为这标志着新政府践行了为人民和民族服务的承诺。 李先生说:“大力发展转基因的前政府不会将这样的事情公之于众, 可能会偷偷返回货物,而在大多数情况下,甚至不会检查含有转基因成分的货物”。 上届政府属下的农业部违反中国法律,没有要求对猛散毒 (Monsnto) 的转基因大豆安全性进行独立的实验检测,这引起了国民的愤怒: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/micro-reading/dzh/2012-06-12/content_6157498.html (双语,超过 3 页) 李先生说,不过,他和其他人相信,要消灭全国性种植的转基因、禁止种植和进口转基因,,新政府仍然有很长的路要走。 在中国告诉巴西大豆生产者代表团富裕的民众即使多花钱也希望吃非转基因大豆之后不久,就传出了中国新政府采取销毁行动的新闻: http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/52-2013/14778 --- --- 1 。珠海市湾仔口岸销毁了两批进口的转基因食品 珠海出入境检验检疫局 2013 年 5 月 7 日 http://www.zhciq.gov.cn/showInfo.do?infoId=26648 (由中国李先生翻译) 日前,珠海检验检疫局湾仔办事处在对某公司进口美国食品进行检验检疫时,先后检出两批含转基因玉米制品,不符合我国《进出境转基因产品检验检疫管理办法》,该办按规定对两批进口食品作销毁处理。 --- --- 2 。哈尔滨截获美国转基因玉米种 21 箱共计 115 千克,将被销毁 2013 年 5 月 19 日 http://news.china.com.cn/politics/2013-05/19/content_28867193.htm (由中国李先生翻译) 日前,哈尔滨出入境检验检疫局在入境邮件中截获 21 箱来自美国的玉米种子,共计 115 千克,检测后发现其为转基因种子,这是黑龙江省检验检疫系统首次截获含有转基因成分的入境玉米种子。这些玉米种子将被销毁。 由于美国是玉米细菌性枯萎病疫区,我国禁止美国玉米种子进口。上述玉米种子发自美国同一家公司,分别邮向黑龙江省内两家种业公司。按照我国相关规定,从境外引进所有安全等级的农业转基因生物,引进单位或境外公司均应向相关部门提出申请。但本批玉米种子未获得相关安全证书和批准文件。 据检验检疫相关负责人介绍,未经风险评估和审批引入含有转基因成分,有害生物随之传入的可能性极大,如果控制不严,将会对黑龙江省农业生产和人民群众身体健康构成重大威胁。 二、以下是国外网站 greenmedinfo 点 com 对这次销毁事件的延伸解读与配图,需要查看英文原文的网友请网搜: 爆炸性新闻:中国销毁 3 批美国的转基因玉米 Breaking News: China Destroys 3 US Shipments of GM Corn 支持转基因的全球大潮中能否转向?一份新的报告显示,作为世界上最大的转基因食品消费国之一,过去推广转基因的中国政府开始严厉打击来自美国没有遵守有关生物安全法规的几批转基因玉米。 令人惊讶的是,尽管中国当局销毁转基因种子的这些措施看似严厉,但去年《中国日报》的一篇文章解释说,转基因大豆的消费在中国已经很普及,甚至不顾公众普遍关注转基因大豆还没有得到充分的安全测试: 摘要:进口的 RR 大豆(抗农达除草剂转基因大豆)已经占领 80% 以上的中国大豆总消费量,但初期的进口转基因大豆的评估和审批程序却遭到质疑,因为检查程序存在缺陷。据新闻报道, 2012 年 2 月 20 日,顾秀林和其他 3 位公民经申请被批准审核“获得转基因大豆安全证书的证明文件”。 《中国日报》的文章接着引述农业金融与教育司副主任石燕泉的话,他在 2012 年 4 月 20 日表示,仅在 2011 年,中国进口的转基因大豆就超过了 5000 万吨。文章还提到这样的事实, 8 年来, 13 亿中国消费者一直在食用孟山都的转基因食品,其安全评估完全依赖生物技术的资金,中国政府对其进行任何独立的安全检测。此外, 2012 年的一项揭秘研究证实,中国的文字媒体 ( 平面媒体 ) 完全成了生物技术行业影响的忠实伙伴。研究透露说,“ 48.1 %的文章基本上支持转基因技术的研究与发展计划和转基因棉花的种植,而 51.9 %的文章对转基因话题是中性的。报纸文章中会提到与转基因相关的风险,但没有一篇文章表达对转基因的不利语气”。作者得出结论:“中国文字媒体基本上是支持转基因的。这也表明文字媒体把中国政府描述为积极推行全国的转基因研究和发展计划并促进转基因棉花的使用。” 最近发生的这几个事件是否表明中国政府已经开始更加严肃对待转基因食品带来的健康威胁呢?据《转基因监测网》的匿名新闻提供人“李先生”说: 新政府销毁非法转基因的果断行动是“一大进步、令人鼓舞并大快人心”。他认为这标志着新政府践行了为人民和民族服务的承诺。 李先生说:“大力发展转基因的前政府不会将这样的事情公之于众, 可能会偷偷返回货物,而在大多数情况下,甚至不会检查含有转基因成分的货物”。 三、以下是 naturalsociety 点 com( 美国自然协会网站 ) 编辑 Anthony Gucciardi 的评论文章节选: 中国焚毁 3 批美国的转基因玉米 China Incinerates 3 US Shipments of Genetically Modified Corn ( 此说让人想起了 100 多年前的林则徐虎门销烟的为国为民正义壮举。中国政府的这一依法行动可以说羡煞了同样饱受转基因毒害美国民众,他们深感美国与中国相比现在是冰火两重天! ) 我怀疑中国的这一行动会受到类似的掌声欢迎,因为它代表着一种直接反猛散毒立场 – 实际上猛散毒公司花的是纳税人的钱 ,由美国国务院直接做销售。即使路透社和其他人也对这些泄露的信息进行了报道,记者们得知这个新闻后深感震惊。现实不仅说明了为什么尽管转基因造成一些严重的健康问题,美国政府却不停地批准和向外支持孟山都的转基因,也说明了为什么 对那些反猛散毒的国家,美国会威胁采用“军事方式的贸易战” 。 情况越来越清楚,象 FDA( 美国食药监局 ) 负责人迈克尔·泰勒这类猛散毒安插在政府的卧底正在用连我都吃惊的方式帮助这场转基因转基因全球大举进攻。 也许这种情况最意味深长的是,中国 已经基本上对美元采取行动,通过销毁这些美国政府强加给其他国家的转基因作物,已基本上在与美国分庭抗礼,而谁藐视猛散毒,美国就会会讨伐谁。这可以说是一种比派遣一艘军舰靠近美国本土更严重的行为!它显示了许多美国政府官员的真实优先政策:如果公众健康阻碍了不可一世的扩张,政府也可以对其漠不关心。 即使不管中国销毁这些货物的真正原因,这被称为是打击甚至没有遵守基本批准程序的转基因货物,但人们可以预见美国官员(尤其是国务院的那帮人)会为猛散毒大喊大叫。 甚至连中国都有销毁猛散毒转基因的意志,那么美国官员也就有问题了:每天几百万人食用充满猛散毒除草剂的转基因食品,而这些官员却坐视不管。值得庆幸的是,美国民众正在快速采取行动。两天以后将举行“抗议猛散毒游行” , 我们得到了前所未有的支持来揭露腐败的转基因巨头和转基因的普遍危害。 四、以下是部分国外网友对这个重要新闻的评论。网友们异口同声赞不绝口充分说明人同此心,心同此理,包括中国人民在内的全世界人民对转基因的巨大毒害和转基因骗子种族灭绝集团丧尽天良的滔天大罪早已深恶痛绝、仇恨刻骨。 因时间关系,此部分另外发文。
个人分类: 建言新农村|2390 次阅读|1 个评论
[转载]玉米图位克隆
zhuhong 2013-5-26 17:43
分子标记的开发与筛选之SSR 精选 已有 527 次阅读 2013-5-26 15:32 | 系统分类: 科研笔记 | 关键词:的 开发 以图位克隆技术克隆基因,分子标记的开发与筛选是关键步骤之一,差异明显的分子标记在数据统计上一清二楚,不容易出错,如果能够以琼脂糖胶来分辨,更是极大的节约了实验时间。现在随着高通量测序技术的发展,获得一个物种完整基因组变得越来越容易,因此分子标记的开发也不再是什么难事。结合这几年的研究工作,来说一下目前最经常用到的 SSR 和 InDel 分子标记的开发与筛选,自己的一些心得体会,以玉米为模式生物基因克隆过程中标记的开发为例。 先说个题外话,很多刚刚接触分子标记的人,常常会问到底什么是分子标记?多态又是什么?举个简单例子,你出门去某个地方,查询得知,要经过一座大桥,一个公园,一个别墅小区,一栋 99 层的大楼,这些大桥、公园、小区、大楼就是你到目的地前首先要找标志性建筑,在基因克隆上就是所说的分子标记。那么什么是多态呢?所谓多态其实就是差异性。月季花应该都见过,有白色的、有黄色的、有红色的,这些颜色上差异就是多态,只不过这个多态是形态学上的多态。如果说到这里还不是很明白,不用着急,当你亲手做一段时间后,自然就会明白什么是分子标记了。 SSR ( Simple Sequence Repeats )简单重复序列,又称之为微卫星 DNA ,在拟南芥、玉米、水稻、小麦、烟草等植物中非常丰富,因此被广泛用来基因定位、亲缘分析等。其串联重复的核心序列为 1 — 6 bp ,重复单位数目不一样,高度多态性就是来源于其串联数目的不同,因而能够用 PCR 的方法扩增出不同长度的 PCR 产物,将扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,就能够显示出差异性。 克隆一个基因首先要对其粗定位。在玉米中,如果一个基因在哪条染色体上还未知,可先进行全基因组的筛选。我要克隆的基因,前人已经粗定位于 4 号染色体两个分子标记之间,但这个定位并不准确,只是一个参照。所以当我接手这个基因后,首先在这两个标记上下游延伸了 40M 的距离,在玉米数据库 MaizeGDB 上重新挑选了一些 SSR 标记,对其区间进行了确认。 对这个基因粗定位了以后,此时数据库上前人开发的标记已不能满足定位需求。根据粗定位区间,在其内挑选了一些 BAC ,在这些 BAC 上开发 SSR 标记。 BAC 的序列可以在 MaizeGDB 或者 NCBI 上获取。 BAC 序列截图: 在获得这些 BAC 序列后,接下来就要找到 SSR 的位点在哪里,有很多工具可以利用,网上有在线的 SSR 序列分析。我一般都是使用 SSR Hunter1.3 进行 SSR 位点的搜寻,该软件简单实用,参数设置只有两个:构成重复元件的核苷酸数最多是,重复次数最少为。可根据对标记的需求来设置。 SSR Hunter1.3 界面: 将得到的 BAC 序列输入到 SSR Hunter1.3 左边方框中,设置好参数,点击“ SSR 位点搜索”就可以了。 搜索结果如下,点击保存。 acaaatgacaaacatggtgaacgaaatgcaaaatcagataaggcaagaatgccaggaaatgcgtcaagaccggctggagatgcgtcaagaaatgaggcaagcacggttggaaagacaacagcaccaccacccaccaccaactccaccaag ATATATATATATATATATAT tactatttgtaagacctaaatgttactttagttagtagttaatattttactattttaggaataataataaggtctattaaccctatgtgttgctatgcatcatgctgagatttttatttatgcatacattcggagacaacattattatac 红色 字体即为SSR位点,在得到这些SSR位点后,就可以直接拿来设计引物,引物设计软件很多,我一般习惯使用NCBI的在线引物设计,因为玉米的基因组序列已存在,当其设计好引物后,会自动在数据库里搜索一翻,如果匹配到其他位点上,给出的引物报告单会自动注明,可以选择是否用该标记。 SSR引物设计时PCR产物选择多大呢?我们一般都是80-150bp,这样扩增时不但丰度很高,扩增后信号很强,而且避免了非特异扩增,而且在选择电泳时,我们以小板胶来跑,EB染色,比设计300-500bp,用大板胶跑,银染节约了很多的时间。 有多态的分子标记: 小板胶来跑,EB染色电泳图: 大板胶来跑,银染色电泳图: 本文引用地址: http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-657244-693661.html
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