【点评】 糖尿病有两种类型，1型糖尿病是胰岛素分泌不足，注射低剂量胰岛素即可缓解病情；2型糖尿病是胰岛素抗性，补充低剂量胰岛素也无济于事。 目前全世界的糖尿病患者总数已经超过一亿人，未来10-20年内这一数字将翻番。糖尿病患者可因脑卒中、心肌梗死和多因血管疾病而致残或致死。 美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员最近在《英国医学杂志》（BMJ）发表文章，介绍了他们分别在中国、日本、美国和澳大利亚开展白米饭与2型糖尿病研究取得的成果。 他们指出，去掉皮层、糊粉层和胚芽的白米饭有很高的升糖指数（GI），而高GI值与2型糖尿病的发生直接相关。吃白米饭越多，患2型糖尿病的机会越大，而且女性比男性更明显。 他们估计，每餐吃158克白米饭，患2型糖尿病的机会就增长10%。相反，吃保留皮层、糊粉层和胚芽的糙米就能显著降低患2型糖尿病的风险，原因是糙米饭的植物纤维、镁和维生素都比白米饭多。 因此，要防止2型糖尿病，最有效的方法是少吃米饭。如果要吃米饭，也要吃糙米饭，而不吃或少吃白米饭。虽然专家发现水稻品种中有低GI值者，但常人还是无法分辨。 不过，在同期杂志上发表编者按的一位澳大利亚悉尼大学教授认为，还必须做更大范围的测试才能肯定上述白米饭导致2型糖尿病的“假说”。 另一篇报道指出，用黑色糙米饲喂小鼠可以减少过敏、哮喘及其他炎症性疾病（神经、血管损伤疾病）的发生，推测白米饭可能通过诱发慢性炎症导致2型糖尿病，尚有待进一步证实。 如果有人对这一消息感兴趣，可以阅读以下所附报道的全文。另外，还有4篇相关的背景性报道，也值得一读！ 附： White Rice Increases Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Study Claims ScienceDaily (Mar. 15, 2012) — The risk of type 2 diabetes is significantly increased if white rice is eaten regularly, claims a study published today on bmj.com . The authors from the Harvard School of Public Health look at previous studies and evidence of the association between eating white rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Their study seeks to determine whether this risk is dependent on the amount of rice consumed and if the association is stronger for the Asian population, who tend to eat more white rice than the Western world. The authors analysed the results of four studies: two in Asian countries (China and Japan) and two in Western countries (USA and Australia). All participants were diabetes free at study baseline. White rice is the predominant type of rice eaten worldwide and has high GI values. High GI diets are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The average amount of rice eaten varies widely between Western and Asian countries, with the Chinese population eating an average of four portions a day while those in the Western world eat less than five portions a week. A significant trend was found in both Asian and Western countries with a stronger association found amongst women than men. The results also show that the more white rice eaten, the higher the risk of type 2 diabetes: the authors estimate that the risk of type 2 diabetes is increased by 10% with each increased serving of white rice (assuming 158g per serving). White rice has a lower content of nutrients than brown rice including fibre, magnesium and vitamins, some of which are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. The authors report, therefore, that a high consumption of white rice may lead to increased risk because of the low intake of these nutrients. In conclusion, the authors state that "higher white rice intake is associated with a significantly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes." This applies for both Asian and Western cultures, although due to findings suggesting that the more rice eaten the higher the risk, it is thought that Asian countries are at a higher risk. The authors recommend eating whole grains instead of refined carbohydrates such as white rice, which they hope will help slow down the global diabetes epidemic. In an accompanying editorial, Dr Bruce Neal from the University of Sydney suggests that more, bigger studies are needed to substantiate the research hypothesis that white rice increases the chances of getting type 2 diabetes. Story Source: The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BMJ-British Medical Journal . Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above. Journal References : E. A. Hu, A. Pan, V. Malik, Q. Sun. White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review . BMJ , 2012; 344 (mar15 3): e1454 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e1454 B. Neal. White rice and risk of type 2 diabetes . BMJ , 2012; 344 (mar15 3): e2021 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e2021 黑色糙米可能有助于消除疾病相关炎症 Black Rice Bran May Help Fight Disease-Related Inflammation (Oct. 21, 2010) — Scientists are reporting evidence that black rice -- a little-known variety of the grain that is the staple food for one-third of the world population -- may help soothe the inflammation involved in ... read more 用糙米或全米代替精米可降低糖尿病风险 Replacing White Rice With Brown Rice or Other Whole Grains May Reduce Diabetes Risk (June 14, 2010) — In a new study, researchers have found that eating five or more servings of white rice per week was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In contrast, eating two or more servings of ... read more 协助水稻生长的化合物可减少糖尿病引起的神经、血管损伤 Compound That Helps Rice Grow Reduces Nerve, Vascular Damage From Diabetes (July 30, 2008) — Researchers have found that a compound that helps rice seed grow, springs back into action when brown rice is placed in water overnight before cooking, significantly reducing the nerve and vascular ... read more 高升糖指数碳水化合物与妇女发生2型糖尿病的风险相关 High-Glycemic Index Carbohydrates Associated With Risk For Developing Type 2 Diabetes In Women (Nov. 27, 2007) — Eating foods high on the glycemic index, which measures the effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose levels, may be associated with the risk for developing type 2 diabetes in Chinese women and in ... read more
标签: 白米饭
