基因编码蛋白，转座子编码调节元件。前者已经是常识了，而后者也有例子出现。参考文献：Transposable Elements Re-Wire and Fine-Tune the Transcriptome（Cowley M, Oakey RJ (2013) Transposable Elements Re-Wire and Fine- Tune the Transcriptome. PLoS Genet 9(1): e1003234. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003234）。原文引用1“Indeed, TEs are major players in the production of small RNAs that regulate host gene transcripts. For example, TE-encoded piRNAs are required to establish a gradient of maternal Nanos mRNA transcripts in the early Drosophila embryo ”（50. Rouget C, Papin C, Boureux A, Meunier AC, Franco B, et al. (2010) Maternal mRNA deadenylation and decay by the piRNA pathway in the early Drosophila embryo. Nature 467: 1128–1132.），原文引用2“Mammals also utilise TE-encoded small RNAs to regulate host gene expression. In mice, the imprinted gene Rasgrf1, like Mcts2, is under the control of differential DNA methylation on the two alleles. At this locus, DNA methylation is established in the paternal germline (Figure 3B), opposite to that for Mcts2, and this requires TE-encoded piRNAs .”（51. Watanabe T, Tomizawa S, Mitsuya K, Totoki Y, Yamamoto Y, et al. (2011) Role for piRNAs and noncoding RNA in de novo DNA methylation of the imprinted mouse Rasgrf1 locus. Science 332: 848–852.） 可以想象，piRNA可能并不是所有TE的编码产物，不同类型的TE可能会编码不同的类似piRNA那样的调节元件。也就是说，如果以个TE元件是可以转录的，那么它可能要编码一种调节元件，在基因表达调控中起作用。TE的多拷贝的特性，可能会带来某种表达调控和灵活性，而其自身的表达也受着严格的调控。 呵呵，这倒是一个蛮有意思的东西，所谓垃圾，真的垃圾吗？反正我是不信！
Qualities required of a young rock mechanics (rock) engineers in order to develop into a famous person 1、Work hard,especially try working very hard over short periods. 2、Understand the basic principles: one principle is worth a million details. 3、Look at all rocks and try to understand them—why do they look the way they do. 4、Travel as much as you can and talk to as many rock mechanics people as you can. 5、Write as much as you can on the subject, Teach if you can—the teacher, learns the most. 6、Find a good wife, you will lead a happy life if you can work together with your wife. 7、Think independently, New ideas are new ideas—by definition, Eventually you will find that your sub-conditions will do the work by itself. 8、Follow your heart, not necessarily the money. 国际岩石力学协会主席 John Hudson
http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=558940do=blogid=548007 人往往在得不到一件东西的时候，才更能认识到这件东西的珍贵。在那个时候，经过挫折，我也慢慢对 “ 知识分子 ” 的价值有了更深刻的认识。早几年，特别不理解大学的那些教授们骑着自行车在校园里穿梭，因为我心目中的 “ 教授 ” 应该有钱，应该是开私家车的。后来，自己的想法慢慢改变了，觉得只要能做自己喜欢做的事情，成天骑个破自行车，也不亦乐乎。 http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=692836do=blogid=547994 Qualities required of a young rock mechanics/rock engineers in order to develop into a famous person: 1. Work hard, especially try working very hard over short periods. 2. Understand the basic principles: one principle is worth a million details. 3. Look at all rocks and try to understand them-why do they look the way they do. There is a reason for everything. 4. Travel as much as you can and talk to as many rock mechanics people as you can. 5. Write as much as you can on the subject. Teach if you can –the teacher learns the most. 6. Find a good wife. You will lead a happy life if you can work together with your wife. 7. Think independently. New ideas are new ideas-by definition. Eventually you will find that your sub-conditions will do the work by itself. 8. Follow your heart, no necessarily the money. J.A.Hudson, 20 Oct. 2002.
我在网上下载了一段Matlab结合mex(C转成)实现的图像分割的程序，运行环境是Linux 64 + Matlab。 运行时报错： /home/LinuxProg/Matlab/bin/glnxa64/http://www.cnblogs.com/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.11' not found 完整： Invalid MEX-file '/home/zhang/work/BSR/grouping/lib/buildW.mexa64': /usr/local/MATLAB/R2011b/bin/glnxa64/http://www.cnblogs.com/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.11' not found (required by /home/zhang/work/BSR/grouping/lib/buildW.mexa64) 下面总结一下我的解决过程： 首先，将MATLAB～/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6，改名为libstdc++.so.6_backup sudo mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6_backup （居然直接就能调通了20111019） 0. 将系统目录下/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6复制到应用程序的库目录替换，如：这里复制到MATLAB_Path/sys/os/glnxa64/中。 博客： http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6cf6b58d0100q0r2.html 给出的方法，我试了不行。原因我猜想是因为简单的复制改变了文件的指向，无法指向目标文件。 1. rm MATLAB_Path/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6 我试了，没成功。但是其它方法中的两篇文章都进行了实践，成功了。 2. 博客：libstdc++.so.6:version ‘GLIBCXX_3.4.**’not found http://yq000cn.blog.163.com/blog/static/14369070201171653016852/ 给出了文件libstdc++.so.6的查看方法： $strings $MATLAB_Path/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6|grep "GLIBC" GLIBCXX_3.4 GLIBCXX_3.4.1 GLIBCXX_3.4.2 GLIBCXX_3.4.3 GLIBCXX_3.4.4 GLIBCXX_3.4.5 GLIBCXX_3.4.6 GLIBCXX_3.4.7 GLIBCXX_3.4.8 GLIBC_2.1.3 GLIBC_2.2 GLIBC_2.3 GLIBC_2.0 GLIBC_2.1 GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW Linux: $strings /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6|grep "GLIBC" GLIBCXX_3.4 GLIBCXX_3.4.1 GLIBCXX_3.4.2 GLIBCXX_3.4.3 GLIBCXX_3.4.4 GLIBCXX_3.4.5 GLIBCXX_3.4.6 GLIBCXX_3.4.7 GLIBCXX_3.4.8 GLIBCXX_3.4.9 GLIBCXX_3.4.10 GLIBCXX_3.4.11 GLIBCXX_3.4.12 GLIBCXX_3.4.13 GLIBC_2.0 GLIBC_2.3 GLIBC_2.1 GLIBC_2.1.3 GLIBC_2.3.2 GLIBC_2.2 GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH 所以做如下操作： 让MATLAB的libstdc++.so 软链接指向Linux的库文件 $ln –s /usr/iib/libstdc++.so.6 $MATLAB_Path/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6 搞定！ 其它的2个网页，对1和2都进行了实践，但操作过程不够详细 1. 网页： http://code.google.com/p/b-tk/issues/detail?id=8 This problem is due to the embedded libstc++ dynamic library in Matlab. Instead of using the library in /usr/lib, Matlab forces to use its own, and then has an incompatibility with BTK libraries linked to /usr/lib/listdc++.so.6. 给出的分析。文中实现1和2两种方法都获得了成功。对于1方法的解释：maybe it should be automatically moved from CMake during the installation step. 2. 论坛： https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=86809 实践了1和2两种方法，都获得了成功，但细节不是很清楚。对1成功的解释： Going to $MATLABROOT/sys/os/glnxa64 and moving libstdc++* and libgcc_s* out of the way (no need to link, it'll automatically look for system versions) is just part of the puzzle.
工欲善其事必先利其器，开始科研要打好基础。以下是信号检测估计理论一些好书推荐并点评，节选自MIT OCW： Stochastic Processes, Detection, and Estimation ======================================================================== Readings This course has no required or recommended text. However, the optional reference text (A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes , McGraw-Hill, third ed., 1991, ISBN: 0070484686) can be used as a supplement to the course notes. This book covers many of the same topics we will, but overwhelming student opinion in the past has been that the book is one they tend to refer to much more after the course than during it for a variety of reasons. While you may well find this book a useful addition to your personal library, we will not assume you have access to the book during the term. Several other texts which may be a useful resource to you are listed below. Reference Texts 01.Anderson, B. D. O., and J. B. Moore. Optimal Filtering . Prentice-Hall, 1979. ISBN: 0-13-638122-7 (Out of Print). Very readable treatment of Kalman and Wiener filtering. 02.Drake, A. Fundamentals of Applied Probability Theory . McGraw-Hill, 1967. ISBN: 0-07-017815-1 (Out of Print). Basic engineering text on probability theory. 03.Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications . Vols. 1 and 2. Wiley, 1968. ISBN: 0-471-25708-7. Valuable formal reference set on probability theory. 04.Gardner, W. A. Introduction to Random Processes: with Applications to Signals and Systems . 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1990. ISBN: 0-07-022855-8. Useful auxilliary reference for a number of topics covered in the course, particularly stochastic processes. 05.Gray, R. M., and L. D. Davisson. Random Processes: A Mathematical Approach for Engineers . Prentice-Hall, 1986. ISBN: 0-13-752882-5 (Out of Print). Bridges the gap between formal mathematical texts and engineering texts on probability theory. 06.Helstrom, C. W. Probability and Stochastic Processes for Engineers . Macmillan, 1991. ISBN: 0-02-353571-7. Nice undergraduate level introduction to several themes in the course. 07.Kay, S. M. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing and Estimation Theory . Prentice-Hall, 1993. ISBN: 0-13-345711-7. Accessible and thorough treatment of estimation theory. 08.Lee, E., and D. G. Messerschmitt. Digital Communication . 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic, 1994. ISBN: 0-89838-274-2. Advanced reading on applications in communication theory. 09.Loève, M. Probability Theory. Vol. 1. 4th ed. Springer-Verlag, 1977. ISBN: 3-540-90210. Formal but reasonably readable treatment of probability theory. A classic. 10.Naylor, A. W., and G. R. Sell. Linear Operator Theory in Engineering and Science . Springer-Verlag, 1982. ISBN: 0-387-90748-3 (Out of Print). Accessible treatment of the mathematical foundations for vector space concepts. 11.Oppenheim, A. V., and R. W. Schafer. Discrete-Time Signal Processing . Prentice Hall, 1989. ISBN: 0-13-216292-X (Out of Print). Standard text on discrete-time linear systems and signals. 12.Oppenheim, A. V., and A. S. Willsky. Signals and Systems . Prentice-Hall, 1982. ISBN: 0-13-814757-4. Standard undergraduate text on signals and systems. 13.Parzen, E. Stochastic Processes . Holden-Day, 1962. ISBN: 0-8162-6664-6. Classic, formal text on stochastic processes. 14.Scharf, L. L. Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation, and Time Series Analysis . Addison-Wesley, 1991. ISBN: 0-201-19038-9. Slightly more advanced treatment of several detection and estimation topics. 15.Stark, H., and J. W. Woods. Probability, Random Processes, and Estimation Theory for Engineers . 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, 1994. ISBN: 0-13-728791-7 (Out of Print). A useful reference for many topics in the course, as well as the background material. 16.Strang, G. Linear Algebra and its Applications . 3rd ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988. ISBN: 0-15-551006-1. Standard reference text on linear algebra. 17.Therrien, C. W. Discrete Random Signals and Statistical Signal Processing . Prentice-Hall, 1992. ISBN: 0-13-852112-3 (Out of Print). Very accessible reference for many topics in the course. 18.Van, H. L. Trees, Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part I . Wiley, 1968. ISBN: 0-471-89955-0 (Out of Print). Classic and valuable reference text on detection and estimation theory.
JMS-How torespondto reviewer’s comments--An example Generally, most manuscripts need revision before they are formally published. Authors are usually required to respond to each item of remark (comment) and revision suggestion in a separate document, and mark the revised parts in different colors in the revised manuscript. If the manuscript has additionalchanges besides the reviewers’ and editors’ requirements, it’s better to be listed too. Here I present an example to show how to respond to each comment or suggestion. @@_____@@@____@@@ Dear Sir, Thank you for the opportunity to respond to suggested edits on manuscript “11-XXXX”.We have carefully considered each element of the very thorough and helpful review, and we respond to each in the remainder of this document. In addition, we have conducted substantial revision of the grammar and expressions in this manuscript to bring it up to a general standard for peer-reviewed literature in the English-speaking world. Please see below for specific editorial comments from your team (in italics), and our response to each editorial suggestion (in plain text). Please advise if we can be of any further assistance in the improvement and publication of this manuscript. Specific Editorial Comments and Author Responses Thank you for your excellent review. We are glad that the editor feels that the manuscript merits further consideration following a substantial revision of the document. We hope that this work may be published, and serve as a valuable contribution for creating awareness about the immediate need of hill restoration and conservation for sustainable natural resources management. I General Comments 1.Objectives of the manuscript should be specified in the introduction. We are agreed. Line 70-76- We have included objectives of the research in the introduction of the revised manuscript. 2.Public metric system should be consistently used throughout the manuscript. For instance, use km and m instead of mile and feet. Agreed. Line 90-108- We have revised and included km and m in the revised manuscript. 3.Section 3.2 is a review of a broader region, and therefore should either be deleted or be incorporated in the intro. Agreed. Line 35-45-Information from section 3.1 and 3.2 from previous manuscript are revised and now incorporated in introduction of the revised manuscript. II Specific Comments 1 .In 3.1, you stated that “Hilly areas are home to most of the armed confliction in the world as well as too many of the world’s poorest and least food secure populations”. Can you add your reference to this statement? Agreed. As the line is not related to the concept of the research, we have decided to delete the line. 2.Quantitative description of forest changes at the end of section 3.4.1 is very confusing. Can you use a figure or a diagram to represent these changes? Agreed. Line 152- 153- We have revised and included Table 1 to show the changes pattern of forest in quantitative number. 3.Please add page and line numbers to facilitate comments from reviewers. Thank you. We have incorporated page and line in the revised manuscript. Additional changes 1.Line 26- key words are changed, key words from the previous manuscript, Natural Resource depletion in hill and Threatened hill degraded site, are deleted. Hill restoration and conservation, DPSIR are incorporated in the revised manuscript. 2.Line 81-88- Methodology has been revised. DPSIR method is incorporated for system structuring of problem analysis in the hill area. 3. Line 28-303 - Structure of the revised manuscript has changed into four parts (1.Introduction, 2. Methodology, 3.Hill and mountain ecosystem of Bangladesh, 4. Analysis of natural resources in the hill areas of Bangladesh according to the DPSIR framework. 4.Line 141-157 - 4.2.1 Deforestation in the revised manuscript, are shortened from the last manuscript. Also recent publications are inserted. 5.Line 159- 173-4.2.2 Land degradation are also revised and shortened from the previous manuscript. 6.Line 217-303 –Suggestions for the future are revised as 4.5 Responses for integrated natural resources management. 7.Fig 1 is included to show the different elevations of hills in Chittagong and Chittagong hill tracts. 8. Fig 2 corresponds to causes consequences and responses of natural resources depletion in the hilly region are analyzed using DPSIR framework.
Sometimes we need to pick a required literature record from our created library in Endnote platform, but we cannot find it quickly, due possible to too many literature records in our library. Of course, we have no time to browse one by one, because it wastes us a lot of time. How should we do it?Perhaps when you read the article the other days, but now you cannot find it in the library comprised of tens of hundreds of records. Here I share a technique with everyone. When we add one or several literature records to our library, we had better mark the core content for us in the column Research notes in order that we may identify it. Especially for those topped articles, we almost have to mark it, for we might refer it from time to time in the whole process of our study. We may mark the literature record just as following: Then we may set our preference in Endnote platform as following: Choose the column field display and modify the column figure as research notes and fill Res. Note in the corresponding heading column, then click the button confirmation and return to the main interface. You will find a new column named Res note displayed on the right. So you can find your required literature record according your mark in the column Reserch notes.
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