1901-2011那些高寿的“诺贝尔奖”--医学免疫学家 1901-2011 那些高寿的“医学或生理诺贝尔奖”医学免疫学家 （ 1 ） 1901-2011 医学免疫学专业共获得 17 次医学或生理诺贝尔奖 （ 2 ）共有 30 个医学免疫学家分享 17 次医学或生理诺贝尔奖 （ 3 ）至 2015 年，在世的共 7 人，平均年龄 76 岁（ 58 岁， 71 岁， 74 岁， 75 岁， 76 岁， 89 岁， 91 岁） （ 4 ）至 2015 年，去世的共 23 人，平均年龄 80 岁（ 90 岁以上 7 人， 80-90 岁 5 人， 70-80 岁 5 人， 60-70 岁 6 人） 注： 1996年开始学医学免疫学时第1次整理，2015-12-31日第2次整理。 1901 for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, bywhich he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and there byplaced in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness anddeaths Emil Adolf von Behring GermanyMarburg University Marburg, Germany b.1854 d.1917 63 岁 1905 for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis Robert Koch GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases Berlin, Germany b.1843 d.1910 67 岁 1908 “Inrecognition of their work on immunity” Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov RussiaInstitute Pasteur Paris, France b.1845 d. 1916 71 岁 Paul Ehrlich GermanyGoettingen University Goettingen, RoyalInstitute for Experimental Therapy Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany b.1854 d.1915 61 岁 1913 inrecognition of his work on anaphylaxis Charles Robert Richet FranceSorbonne University Paris, France b.1850 d. 1935 85 岁 1919 “for his discoveries relating to immunity Jules Bordet BelgiumBrussels University Brussels, Belgium b.1870 d. 1961 91 岁 1930 for his discovery of human blood groups Karl Landsteiner AustriaRockefeller Institute for Medical Research New York, NY, USA b. 1868 d. 1943 75 岁 1951 for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it Max Theiler Unionof South Africa Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health,Rockefeller Foundation,New York, NY, USA b.1899 d. 1972 73 岁 1957 for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action ofcertain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system andthe skeletal muscles Daniel Bovet ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health) Rome, Italy b.1907 d.1992 85 岁 1960 for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet AustraliaWalter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research Melbourne, Australia b.1899 d.1985 86 岁 Peter Brian Medawar UnitedKingdom University College London, United Kingdom b.1915 d.1987 72 岁 1972 for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies Gerald M. Edelman USARockefeller University New York, NY, USA b.1929 d.2014 85 岁 Rodney R. Porter UnitedKingdom University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom b.1917 d. 1985 68 岁 1977 for their discoveries concerning thepeptide hormone production of the brain” Roger Guillemin USAThe Salk Institute San Diego, CA, USA b. 1924 d. Andrew V. Schally USAVeterans Administration Hospital New Orleans, LA, USA b. 1926 d. Rosalyn Yalow USAVeterans Administration Hospital Bronx, NY, USA b.1921 d.2011 90 岁 1980 for their discoveries concerninggenetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulateimmunological reactions Baruj Benacerraf HarvardMedical School Boston, MA, USA b.1920 d.2011 91 岁 Jean Dausset Universitéde Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie Paris, France b.1916 d.2009 93 岁 George D. Snell JacksonLaboratory Bar Harbor, ME, USA b.1903 d. 1996 93 岁 1984 for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies Niels K. Jerne Denmark BaselInstitute for Immunology Basel, Switzerland b.1911 d. 1994 83 岁 Georges J.F. Köhler FederalRepublic of Germany Basel Institute for Immunology Basel, Switzerland b.1927 d. 1995 68 岁 César Milstein Argentinaand United Kingdom MRC Laboratory ofMolecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom b.1927 d. 2002 75 岁 1987 for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity Susumu Tonegawa JapanMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA b. 1939 d. 1990 for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment ofhuman disease Joseph E. Murray USABrigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA b.1919 d.2012 93 岁 E. Donnall Thomas USAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA, USA b.1920 d.2012 92 岁 1996 for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immunedefence Peter C. Doherty AustraliaSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA b. 1940 d. Rolf M. Zinkernagel SwitzerlandUniversity of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology Zurich, Switzerland b. 1944 d. 2011 “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity” Bruce A. Beutler Universityof Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA, The ScrippsResearch Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA b.1957 d. Jules A. Hoffmann Universityof Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France b.1941 d. “for his discovery of the Dendritic cell andits role in adaptive immunity” Ralph M. Steinman Affiliationat the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA b.1944 d.2011 67 岁
2015 年欧洲免疫学大会 （ European Congress of Immunology (ECI) 2015 ） 于 九 月 6 日到 9 日在维也纳召开。为庆祝今年最重大的免疫活动， 我们从 Wiley 免疫学期刊中挑选了一些与 “ 疾病干预 ”（ Disease Intervention ）这一会议主题相关的文章。 下文中的文章截至本年末可免费在线可见 。 Clinical Experimental Immunology Novel therapies for memory cells in autoimmune diseases P. Bhargava and P. A. Calabresi Current treatment options with immunoglobulin G for the individualization of care in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease S. Jolles, J. S. Orange, A. Gardulf, M. R. Stein, R. Shapiro, M. Borte and M. Berger Immunology Natural killer T cells in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Luc Van Kaer, Lan Wu and Vrajesh V. Parekh Extra-thymically induced T regulatory cell subsets: the optimal target for antigen-specific immunotherapy Johan Verhagen, Anja Wegner and David C. Wraith European Journal of Immunology Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells exhibit defective cross-presentation of tumor antigens, but is reversed by chemotherapy Alison M. McDonnell, Willem Joost Lesterhuis, Andrea Khong, Anna K. Nowak, Richard A. Lake, Andrew J. Currie and Bruce W. S. Robinson Broad requirement for terminal sialic acid residues and FcγRIIB for the preventive and therapeutic activity of intravenous immunoglobulins in vivo Inessa Schwab, Sidonia Mihai, Michaela Seeling, Michael Kasperkiewicz, Ralf J. Ludwig and Falk Nimmerjahn The role of the microbiota in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and cancer therapy Amiran Dzutsev, Romina S. Goldszmid, Sophie Viaud, Laurence Zitvogel and Giorgio Trinchieri ECI Review Series Immunological Reviews What can immunology contribute to the control of the world's leading cause of death from bacterial infection? Carl Nathan Engineering T cells for cancer: our synthetic future Robert H. Vonderheide and Carl H. June Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Targets for Ibrutinib Beyond B Cell Malignancies A. Berglöf, A. Hamasy, S. Meinke, M. Palma, A. Krstic, R. Månsson, E. Kimby, A. Österborg and C. I. E. Smith Antidrug Antibodies: B Cell Immunity Against Therapy A. Fogdell-Hahn Immunity, Inflammation and Disease TNF and regulatory T cells are critical for sepsis-induced suppression of T cells David Stieglitz, Tobias Schmid, Nirav F. Chhabra, Bernd Echtenacher, Daniela N. Männel and Sven Mostböck Hyperoxia promotes polarization of the immune response in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, leading to a TH17 cell phenotype Akinori C. Nagato, Frank S. Bezerra, André Talvani, Beatriz J. Aarestrup and Fernando M. Aarestrup Current Protocols Immunology Mouse Model for Pre-Clinical Study of Human Cancer Immunotherapy Zhiya Ya, Yared Hailemichael, Willem Overwijk and Nicholas P. Restifo Identification of B Cell and T Cell Epitopes Using Synthetic Peptide Combinatorial Libraries Clemencia Pinilla, Jon R. Appel, Valeria Judkowski and Richard A. Houghten
临床研究系列之免疫学研究 该 临床类相关系列丛书 由权威专家撰写完成，从免疫学角度研究了特定的临床疾病、治疗手段及临床应用中的免疫学机制。 该系列丛书已委托由 Mark Peakman （ Editor in Chief ）和临床与实验免疫学期刊（ Clinical Experimental Immunology ）编辑发表。每篇评述文章都 关注在特定领域，并突出了该领域最新的研究成果 。下文列出了该系列 2015 年刚发表的 4 篇文章。 欢迎点击查看更多 The T cell antigen receptor: the Swiss army knife of the immune system M. Attaf, M. Legut, C. K. Cole and A. K. Sewell T 淋巴细胞 在免疫监视功能及对病原体及肿瘤细胞的定期清除方面起到了至关重要的作用 。由表达的T 细胞抗原受体的不同，我们可以划分出许多不同的T 淋巴细胞亚群。本文概述了 MHC 限制性T 淋巴细胞抗原受体和MHC 非限制性T 淋巴细胞抗原受体的产生机理 ，研究了各类“常规”和“非常规”T 淋巴细胞亚群的识别机制。 Immunology of IgG4-related disease E. Della-Torre, M. Lanzillotta and C. Doglioni 本文研究了 IgG4 相关性疾病 的免疫学机理，该疾病的复发- 缓解性炎症发病机制尚不清楚。本文探讨了IgG4 相关性疾病诊断和治疗阶段的临床表现，并提出了IgG4 相关性疾病发病机制的病理模型，现阶段学术界对此疾病的发病机制还知之甚少。 Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious diseases C. Skevaki, M. Pararas, K. Kostelidou, A. Tsakris, and J. G. Routsias Toll 样受体(TLRs) 在抵御病原体方面发挥着重要作用，它们可以触发抗微生物和炎症反应来发挥作用。 Toll 样受体蛋白中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs) 是容易引起感染变化的结构单元特性 。本文研究了Toll 样受体(TLRs) 及先天免疫系统中Toll 样受体(TLRs) 的配体的功能特性，同时本文指出 TLR 蛋白中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs) 与传染性疾病的易感性存在关联 。 Harnessing the power of Vδ2 cells in cancer immunotherapy D. W. Fowler and M. D. Bodman-Smithi 越来越多的研究表明， Vδ2 细胞 在抵抗感染和肿瘤形成上发挥着免疫监视的作用。本文讨论了 Vδ2 细胞的作用机理 ，并通过不同的方法研究了该细胞在癌症免疫疗法中的作用，在此基础上提出了有效提高目前治疗策略的方法。 更多内容欢迎点击查看： http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2249/homepage/immunology_in_the_clinic_review_series.htm
Postdoctoral position or Research Assistant in Cancer/Immunology or Microfluidics : Albany, NY, United States We are seeking a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow or Research Assistant in the area of Biomedical Science or Bioengineering for systems medicine, starting immediately in the Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory. The potential postdoc will work on research projects related to biomedical microdevice and single-cell systems biology for disease diagnosis and treatment. Research directions include exploring bioengineering and computational solutions for emerging problems in cancer biology, immunotherapy, infectious disease, and regenerative medicine. The postdoctoral researchers with Bioengineering, Biomedical Science/Engineering, Systems Biology, Biochemistry backgrounds are preferred, who should have demonstrated ingenuity, productivity, and ability to work in a diverse, high energy environment. Prior research experience for this position is required. The candidates must show research rich experiences in DNA detection and cancer or immunology studies. Other experiences in microfluidics and nanotechnology will be a plus but not required. Salary is commensurate with research experience and ability. We expect the candidate can make significant contribution to our multidisciplinary team. For the RA position, a master degree is required, while prior research experience is not required. Interested candidates should send a letter describing your interest in the position, CV, and names of three references to Email: jwang34@albany.edu. Evaluation of candidates will begin immediately and will continue until these positions are filled. For any questions, please contact Dr. Jun Wang, Assistant Professor, SUNYAlbany. Website: https://sites.google.com/site/multiplexbiotechlab/home The University at Albany is an EO/AA/IRCA/ADA Employer Apply Here: http://www.Click2Apply.net/24fz4sr PI90899150 more position： http://www.zx360zp.com/show/shownewslist/3/1
Wiley邀您 免费参与 论文写作与投稿在线讲座三十七期： European Journal of Immunology 论文发表及同行评审流程 主讲人：Karen Chu，European Journal of Immunology编辑 Karen Chu曾从事生物致病机制研究，在英属哥伦比亚大学获得理学学士和博士学位，并分别在伦敦卫生和热带医学学院和帝国理工学院获得T细胞免疫学博士后学位。2011年，Karen Chu以the European Journal of I mmunology （EJI ）期刊编辑的身份加入Wiley， 开始致力于把前沿研究带入科学界。 讲座内容： 《欧洲免疫学杂志》- European Journal of Immunology 是免疫学领域的国际高品质期刊，2013年影响因子4.518，处于SCI免疫学期刊的Q 1区。本次讲座旨在把这本期刊介绍给更多的中国作者，为其文章发表提供帮助。 1. EJI的研究范围及收录文章的标准 2. EJI公平透明的同行评审流程 同行评审的价值和类型 EJI对审稿人的要求及论文评审标准 EJI编辑的角色和作用 作者的选择 3. 作者如何答复审稿人的意见 4. 问答环节 时间：2015年1月8日，19:30-20:30 注册地址： http://www.diaochapai.com/survey1353490 相关免费文章推荐，欢迎阅读！ International Congress of Immunology Review Series 访问 Wiley在线课堂 及 Wiley中国博客 ，了解更多讲座信息！
本期年鉴 Annals of The New York Academy of Science 囊括了近期关于免疫学的髓细胞以及炎症研究的学术评论。话题包含了：巨噬细胞的起源以及髓细胞从骨髓到巨噬细胞纤维的过程；巨噬细胞和树突状细胞在动脉硬化中的情况；淋巴结窦巨噬细胞在宿主防御中的作用；髓细胞产生的抑制细胞在人类癌症中的异质性；嗜中性粒细胞产生的免疫反应；以及炎性体激活中 NLRP3的机制。 马上免 费获取！ 特色精选文章： The role of lymph node sinusmacrophages in host defense Mirela Kuka and Matteo Iannacone The journey from stem cell to macrophage Mikael J. Pittet, Matthias Nahrendorf and Filip K. Swirski Regulation of immune responses by neutrophils Jing Wang and Hisashi Arase Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomeactivation Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Stefanie Haasken and Suzanne L.Cassel 点击查看完整目录 点击查看更多Annual Review Series期刊
蝙蝠狂犬病毒的维持、传播和演化 （系列之二） (The maintenance, transmission, and evolution of lyssaviruses in Bats) 二、 蝙蝠的免疫生物学和病毒携带状态假说 （Bat immunobiology and the carrier state hypothesis） 蝙蝠的基本免疫生物学状态，特别是其与狂犬病毒传播的关联，目前还知之甚少。随着最近在蝙蝠中发现多种人畜共患的病原体，现在有相当多的研究正集中在蝙蝠生态学及与病原体的相互作用。在这种新的宿主－病原体相互作用领域，早期的研究主要集中在蝙蝠基因组学研究，希望从中找到免疫调节因子的指征，并与其他已有充分研究的实验动物模型中所获得的明确结果进行比较。 在多年前就已提出 在蝙蝠中可能存在狂犬病毒的携带状态 这个概念。这个假说认为，蝙蝠在某种程度上能够支持狂犬病毒在其体内某个尚未确定的组织中增殖，但仍然能在很长一段时间不表现出临床症状，并能感染同一栖息地内的同一种蝙蝠。但是， 几乎没有实验证据能支持这一假说 。而且，相当肯定的是，在免疫功能降低期间， 蝙蝠可能最终死于狂犬病 ；狂犬病毒的潜伏期相当长，可能说明狂犬病毒与其他典型的急性RNA病毒感染相比，其免疫状态会随时间的推移而有更多样化的表现。 显然，目前对蝙蝠的基本免疫学特性及感染后的免疫应答仍知之甚少。多种蝙蝠的生命周期都与众多的生态因子有着内在的联系，这些因子决定蝙蝠生物学的关键阶段，如休眠和/或迟钝状态、迁移的需要、交配及随后的后代出生时间。环境的作用，包括温度、湿度、食物供应、寄生虫负荷，以及其他蝙蝠病原体的感染，都可能影响暴露于狂犬病毒后的结果。例如，通过实验证明了迟钝状态的影响，迟钝状态本身的持续时间会延长狂犬病的平均潜伏期。蝙蝠物种内的生物多样性意味着这些因素和要求在不同的蝙蝠物种间差别更大；如此说来， 有理由推断经历了一个潜伏阶段后，可能存在病毒的携带状态和/或病毒再激活的可能，但没有任何证据来支持这种说法。 然而，对大量此类因素的影响力的知识都还很欠缺，所以 病毒在健康蝙蝠内维持的机制仍属未知 。一个有趣的假设是：环境的改变可能会影响蝙蝠对病毒的抵抗力、传播，甚至可以通过溢出事件而感染其他哺乳动物群体。在终端宿主（如人群）中发现有更长的潜伏期。也有实例表明，抓获的蝙蝠当时看起来健康，在囚禁过程中发病，偶尔会表现出较长的潜伏期。这可能反映了潜伏期是可变动的，也可能是宿主－病原体关系的反映，其中免疫状态可能是对抗病毒主动复制必不可少的；但是， 这些结果也可能与暴露的途径、所接受的病毒剂量、复制的起始位点，以及其他未知因素有关。 因此， 为了更深入地理解这些独特的哺乳动物宿主与病原体的关系，继续研究蝙蝠的基础免疫生物学是很有必要的。 参考文献： C. Jackson: Advances in virus research---research advances in rabies, Elsevier, 2011.
标签: 免疫学
