1, What arethe key stages in evolution of social work values and ethics? Social woker’s concern with ethics spans four major,sometimes overlapping period: （1）The Morality Period:(19世纪末到20世纪40年代) In the late 19th century, when social work was formally inaugurated as a profession, there was much moreconcern about the morality or ethics of clients. Social work’s earliest practitioners focused on organized relief andresponding to the “curse of pauperism”. Often this preoccupation took the formof paternalistic efforts to bolster poorpeople’s morality and the rectitude of those who had succumbed to “shiftless”or “wayward” habits. （2）Exploration of values：（20世纪40年代后期至80年代） During this period ，social workers began to pay more attention to the value of practitioners and theirprofessional ethics , professional values morein-depth exploration of the specific content, including: a) Exploration on the professional value. During this period the first Social Workers Code of Ethics wasapproved by American Association . Itwas also during this period, because of the social work profession on humanrights, equality and welfare concerns about the value, in order to attract moreand more people are engaged in this profession. b) Exploration on the core values. Through social workers need toreflect on their own professional values, formed the consensus that treatworkers in social work service object value judgments, social workers will beon the relationship with clients, social workers have a profound attitude ofservice objects effects. Therefore, social workers began to explore the corevalues of social work specific content. （3）Emergence of Ethical Theory and Decision Making:20世纪80年代到90年代 Applied by the 1970sthe rise of the influence of professional ethics, social work has entered a newstage. Applications and the developmentof professional ethics began from medical ethics, its main feature is trying toestablish moral philosophy or ethical principles, concepts and theories, systematicapplication and practical challenges faced by professionals. （4）Maturation of ethical standards and risk management:(20世纪90年代以来) In 1979, NASW approved a more systematicthan the 1960 version of the new code of ethics, the content is divided intosix parts, including nearly 80 ethical standards. 1996 NASW revised the Codeof Ethics, changed the Code to expand the social work practice ethicalstandards and guidelines. 1996 edition of the Code of Ethicsmore complete, especially involving institutionalmanagement, supervision, research and evaluation, and ethical education. 3,How can a social worker keep his/her own personal and professional valueseparate? Can they be kept separate? （1）social workers in the service process must use the scientificmethods rather than arbitrary. 社会工作者在开展服务时必须运用科学的方法而不是随心所欲 （2）through a more thorough acceptance of self-determination of clientto evade moral problems ,thus reducing or avoiding the style of “give a direct instruction” in the process ofsocial work services 通过更加彻底的接受当事人的自决来回避道德上的难题，从而减少或避免社会工作服务过程中的“直接给予指令”的作风 （3 ）To avoid falling into master or a service objectlabeling 避免陷入为主或将服务对象“标签化” （4 ）The relative value judgment 价值评判的相对性 Most of the worksdone by social workers are involved in helping people to make choices in theexisting choices. In this process, the ethical principles is an importantconsideration, in fact, of social work in the service process cannot completelyset aside their own judgment, We should care what client have done. . 社会工作者所做的大部分工作都涉及帮助人在现有的选择中做出抉择，这中间伦理原则是一个重要的考量，实际上社会工作作者在服务过程中不可能完全搁置自己的评判，“我们不能不在乎当事人做了什么。价值中立不一定会提高服务成效——社会工作者所面对的服务对象多在精神、心理或生理上遭受困扰而急需帮助的人，如果保持价值中立不利于解决问题。 Based on the above analysis,the social workers put their values completely aside, this is not onlyinappropriate, but also difficult to do. This requires a detailed analysisbased on the actual situation, b utsocial workers must remember that Never put your own personal valuejudgments as the sole Decision criterion and can not impose their personal values to the service object. 基于以上分析，社会工作者把自己的价值观完全放到一边，这不仅是不合适的，而且也是难以做到的。这需要根据实际情况作具体分析，但是社会工作者必须记住，“绝不可把自己个人的价值判断作为唯一的决定标准”，不能把个人的价值观强加给服务对象。 4,Describing the core social work values and their basic principles. （1）service （2）altruism （3）social justice and equality （4）dignity and worth of the person （5）equality and respect （6）corporation/partnerships （7）devotion/competence 15.Please list the steps of how you decide what to do if you are presented with anethical dilemma? (ethical dilemma steps) Ruimo puts forward seven steps associated with dealing withethical dilemma, they are: 1) Identify the ethical issues, including the values andresponsibilities of social work; 2) Trying to find the persons or groups that may be possiblyaffected by the decision; 3) Trying to find all the possible strategies for dealing withthe dilemma or persons who should be involved, and evaluate(weigh) theadvantages and disadvantages of each choice; 4) Prudently check the reasons of both pros and cons, and searchkinds of relevant documents including code of ethics of social work and legaldocuments and the background of clients’ value; 5) Ask for colleagues and experts for suggestions; 6) Make ethical decision and take down(record) the process ofdecision making; 7) Monitoring /evaluation and record the outcomes of ethicaldecision making; 22.How do you understand social workers’ ethical responsibilities as an “integrityof the profession”? （1）Integrity of the Profession a. Maintain andpromote high practice standards b. Upholdand advance profession through study and research, active discussion andresponsible criticism c.Contribute time and expertise to activities that promote profession, includingteaching, legislative participation, community service, etc. d. Shareknowledge and contribute to professional knowledge base e. Preventunauthorized and unqualified social work practice （2）Social work as a profession has good influence on both individualsand society. Social workers should try their best to promote theprofession. Integrity is the requirement for social workers to promote theprofession. Integrity asks social workers todo something professional such as research, discussion, studying, communityservice, etc. If social workers don’t show their integrity to the profession,the consequence of it will not be good. First, it will bring negative effect tothe social worker, because they will not realize self-development of professionwithout the study of professional knowledge. Second, social workers can’t offergood service to their clients. Third, the profession of social work will notget any development, which may lead to the misunderstandings of thisprofession. 23.Howdo you understand the “importance of human relationship” as one of the corevalues of the social work profession? One of social work core values. Valuing andappreciating the interaction, connections, and exchange that exists in thesocial worker and client relationship, which creates a positive workingrelationship. Relationship-based practice is founded on the idea that humanrelationships are of paramount importance and should be at the heart of allgood social work practice. Social workers engage people as partners in the helpingprocess. Social worker seek to strengthen relationships among people in apurposeful effort to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being ofindividuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities. 27.Whydo Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person? Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of theperson. Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful fashion,mindful of individual differences and cultural diversity. The reasons are asfollows: 1) It can contribute to establish professional assistingrelationships and encourage expression and solve problem and establish confidence; 2) Subjectivity of humans. Humans are the most important speciesin the word, playDominate part; 3) The basic rights of humans. Every being is entitled to basicrights and freedom, and the inherent dignity and worth is the Starting point ofevery other rights; 4) The basic needs of humans. Humans cannot survive without thesatisfaction of basic needs. 5) Individual differences require the respect the inherentdignity and worth. Individualization 6) The potential ability of clients means the respect theinherent dignity and worth 28.Whydo Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships? 1) One of social work core values. Valuing and appreciating theinteraction, connections, and exchange that exists in the social worker andclient relationship, which creates a positive working relationship.Relationship-based practice is founded on the idea that human relationships areof paramount importance and should be at the heart of all good social workpractice. 2) In the service for clients, social workers are supposed tointegrate the resources and prompt the cooperation of every system. First, itcontribute to the cooperation among colleagues. Then, the cooperation amongservice agencies. Third, the cooperation among Resource providers. Fourth, thecooperation between social worker and clients 3) Concern the importance of human relationships means thatsocial worker should pay more attention to assist the client to establish anddevelop the Social support network and take fair advantage of the relationshipto promote the problem to be solved. 29.How social workers should act to prevent and eliminate discrimination againstclients and in practice settings Manifestation: Discriminatory attitudes (concept of discrimination) andDiscrimination policy. 30.Why social workers do not allow (their) personal problems to interfere withprofessional judgment or jeopardize others. The question can be analyzed from two dimensions, namelyprofessional impairment and value involvement. 1) Impairment. Ethical imperative. Solve problems. Protect theimage of the agency; 2) Ensure the scientific nature of social work; follow theprinciple of self-determination of clients; avoid Preoccupation and Labelingclients; the relativity of values. 31.How to understand the notion of “personal wholeness” in social work practice? A person can only be ‘complete’ or ‘whole’ as a person whenthe different aspects (such as body, mind, spirit, others and life realities)of self have their own strength and an appropriate inter-relatedness. The morewholeness we have within ourselves the better we will be.
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