MEDINA(Multi‐Element Detection based on Instrumental Neutron Activation) 是德国于利希中心通 过以往的核废物与核材料检测而开发的直接检测封闭柱状桶装物各种元素成份的 一种新技术。 这种技术的最大优点,是可以直接检测较大体积或容积里的多种珍稀有效成份,比如现在德国方面在中试中所使用的是200升的容器罐,这非常适合在环保回收领域验收大量货物或尾矿中的有效成份,甚至可能可以确定冶炼器皿中的各元素组成,形成所希望的合金。 其测量原理是用标准的中子源辐照全罐,而从多个角度测量受中子激发后不同元素所释放出来的伽玛射线的强度,从而反推容器中的受激元素的成份比例。 中子源是标准商业产品, 该设备的核心 其实是伽玛探测器以及处理分析软件。 FZJ_MEDINA.pdf Multi‐Element‐Analysis MEDINA Technology At Forschungszentrum Jülich (member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres), a non‐destructive measurement procedure was developed in cooperation with RWTH Aachen University (Patent PCT/DE2011/001476). This procedure ‐ “Multi‐Element Detection based on Instrumental Neutron Activation” (MEDINA) ‐ allows the qualitative and quantitative determination of elements in large volume samples. The method is based on the detection of prompt and delayed gamma radiation after neutron activation, and can be applied for almost all elements in the periodic table, e.g. heavy metals or rare earth elements. Irradiation by a neutron source results in short‐term activation of elements in the sample. During neutron capture or after an individual half‐life, the activated atomic nuclei start to emit radiation that is characteristic for and specific to every element. Using gamma ray spectrometry, a gamma spectrum of the sample is taken and analyzed using special software. The position of the signals and size of the peaks are used to estimate the type and amount of existing activation products, thus enabling the determination of elements contained within the sample. Analyzing the ratios of different elements permits limited identification of certain compounds or groups of elements. Customer benefit The key advantage over spectroscopic methods, such as XRF or ICP‐OES, is the ability to examine a large volume of material, e.g. piece goods and bulk goods, as a whole without destruction. Unlike the spectroscopic methods, neither representative sampling nor elaborate chemical extraction procedures are necessary. The high sensitivity of the method enables concentrations in the ppm range to be detected. Next steps Originally developed for nuclear waste the method can be applied for a wide range of materials, such as electrical and electronic equipment or E‐waste. Forschungszentrum Jülich is interested on commercialisation by licensing or RD cooperations. Contact Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Technology Transfer Dr. Andrea Mahr Wilhelm‐Johnen‐Straße 52428 Jülich Phone: +49 2461 61‐9282 Cell: +49 171 3031922 Email: a.mahr@fz‐juelich.de
中药成份不清楚常常是一些人怀疑中医学的原因之一。近来查阅了一些中药的功效以及四性、五味、归经问题。联系目前医学和生命科学中对许多体质问题、线粒体疾病问题、自汗盗汗的主要原因问题、限制饮食如何促进健康和延长动物的寿命问题、体力锻炼为何只能提高平均寿命而不能延长最大寿命等诸多问题。好象领悟到某种感觉,觉得中医药在很多年来就凭实践经验而被应用于对人体生理的重要调理之中。 现在知道,线粒体功能的强弱决定着人的体质。线粒体功能弱的人会表现出气虚症,若线粒体中解偶联蛋白异常会电子传递过程的氧化作用与生成 ATP 的磷酸化过程偶联的失常,就容易出现自汗盗汗并肌肉无力,或某些脏器官的功能减弱。而补气的中药几乎都入肺、脾二经,都对线粒体的有氧氧化过程有所调理,并促进食物的消化吸收和血糖的利用。现在知道线粒体不但与 ATP 的产生密切相关,而且还知道线粒体与细胞凋亡及细胞的其他命运也有着密切的关系。百岁以上长寿老人的线粒体 DNA 总有某些单核苷酸多态性方面的独特之处。线粒体 DNA 的一些多态性特征、中性突变及有害突变都会影响人及动物的健康状况和寿命。而人体除成熟红细胞等少数类型的细胞之外,每个细胞中都有数百至数千个线粒体,而线粒体 DNA 的基因型常常在一个细胞中就有所不同。许多因素,包括中药,就可以调整细胞中不同基因型的线粒体比例,从而影响人及动物的健康和寿命。 但是,中药的成份一般都不十分清楚。可以我想人们每时每刻都在呼吸的空气、天天喝的水、经常接受的太阳光、天天吃的食物,等等,自古以来有谁先把它们的成份抗清楚之后再去用呢?只要证明它们对我们有好处,先用着又何妨?