Citation styles HighBeam gives you the ability to cite articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information for that article looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time, and not all information is available for every article, HighBeam cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Therefore, it’s best to use HighBeam citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: Modern Language Association http://www.mla.org/style The Chicago Manual of Style http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html American Psychological Association http://apastyle.apa.org/ Notes: Most online articles do not have page numbers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most HighBeam articles. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. MLA Juices concentrates.(Markets) . The Food Institute Report . The Food Institute. 2003. HighBeam Research. 14 Sep. 2009 http://www.highbeam.com . CHICAGO Juices concentrates.(Markets). The Food Institute Report . 2003. HighBeam Research. (September 14, 2009). http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-108286527.html APA Juices concentrates.(Markets). The Food Institute Report . The Food Institute. 2003. Retrieved September 14, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-108286527.html
问 ：免费期刊(Open Access Journals)不能盈利的话，如何生存？ 答 ： 个人看法是，不成功，便成仁。但如果刊物有经济后盾，比如有富裕的学会，社团或效益好的公司做靠山，期刊本身不盈利也可以维持下去，但不是长久之计。 免费期刊的英文定义是：Open access journals are scholarly journals that are available to the reader without financial or other barrier other than access to the internet itself.* 。 这里所说的“没有经济制约”是针对读者而言的。而作者交的版面费通常是很高的，所以稿源是OA类期刊生存的关键。 值得一提的是，国内对Open Access Journal的翻译多种多样，比如按字面的意思翻译成“公开存取期刊”，我个人以为值得商榷。按国外这类期刊的出版现状和定义分析，这里的Open是敞开的意思，即读者可以无条件地下载文章，意思同英文里Open ticket的概念相近。Access是进入，通路的意思，指读者们一旦上网，便可以没有阻碍地进入期刊的网站阅览和下载文章。考证网上的OA期刊，无论作者还是读者，都可以自由地进入网站下载文章，但到目前为止，均没有自由上传文章的权力，也就是说只能“取”，但不能“存”。OA期刊与传统的学术期刊根本的区别是对读者免费，不用交钱就可以阅览和下载论文，所以按实际出版情景和意思翻译为免费期刊也许更准确些。但需要强调的是，这里的免费是针对读者而言的，否则容易误解。如果能想出一个既准确表达意思，又不容易引起误解的词儿，就更好了。请网上的高人们多支招儿，先谢了。 问 ：如果按照您说的Porter, Michael E., 那如果参考文献中有两个以上作者(但我又不想用et al),如果全部列出来的话,那作者与作者之间应该怎么区别开来呢? 答 ：Porter, Michael E. 的表述形式多用于索引，参考文献中比较少见。如果刊物规定这样用，两个作者之间多用逗号分开，记忆中也见过用分号的。 顺便提一句，et al. 在参考文献中的使用不多，大部分期刊是列出所有的作者。但也有的是列出前6个，然后用et al. ，个别也有列出前3个，然后用et al. 的。** 注： * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_journal **没有赶在耀荣君放假之前答复，抱歉。顺祝桂先生和网友，博主们暑期愉快！！
标签: 参考文献
