吴国林 2015 年6月3-7日在奥地利维也纳的维也纳技术大学举行了国际信息研究学会( IS4IS , international Society for Information Studies )峰会( ISIS Summit 2015 Vienna ),我参加这次峰会 。 该峰会由 The Difference that makes a Difference (DTMD 2015) , Fifth ICTs and Society Conference (ICTS 2015) , Sixth International Conference on the Foundations of Information Science(FIS 2015) , Second International Conference on Philosophy of Information(ICPI 2015) 这四个会议组成。 会议总主题:哲学与科学的信息转向:信息科学与信息哲学的互动与融合;统一信息科学-哲学前景展望。 会议语言为英语。 其中我本人主持“ 第二届国际信息哲学研讨会”( ICPI 2015 )大会,并做大会报告,报告题目是“量子信息的追问”,受到了与会代表的讨论。 维也纳技术大学 ICPI 2015 会议现场 肖峰做报告 Brunner(在左) 博主做报告 博主在主持会议
Stefan Hornbostel——德国iFQ的Boss,讲授文献计量学的历史、机构和基本概念 Wolfgang Glanzel——讲授文献计量学的主要数据源 Juan Gorraiz讲授数据源 Sybille Hinze在讲解文献计量学评价指标 Daniel Sirtes——德国iFQ,讲解ISI数据中基金数据的处理问题(Funding) 培训点其实是维也纳大学一个分校图书馆,看到许多上世纪初的硕博士论文 Anthony van Raan——荷兰雷顿大学CWTS教授,讲解leiden Ranking的评估和绘图,主要是vosviewer各种功能 Koenraad Debackere——鲁汶大学ECOOM的头,讲解近些年的工作及意义,文献计量学主要用在机构评估及其对学界的影响 Linda Butler(左)——澳大利亚国立大学艺术和社科学院——讲解了澳大利亚Research Evaluation and Policy Project项目的主要内容和成果 Christian Gumpenberger——维也纳大学兽医学院公共服务和信息参考服务的主任,介绍了学院文献计量学团队的工作 维也纳大学主建筑内,正在举办宗教类书展,书随意放在哪儿,下午6点以后了,也不怕谁拿走。 维也纳城内的老多瑙河 蓝色多瑙河——好多白鹅,真的好多,不怕人。
100年前,维也纳同时接待了阿道夫·希特勒(Adolf Hitler)、列夫·托洛茨基(Leon Trotsky)、约瑟夫·铁托(Joseph Tito)、西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)和约瑟夫·斯大林(Joseph Stalin)。 1913年的维也纳是奥匈帝国(Austro-Hungarian Empire)的首都。当时的奥匈帝国有15个民族,居民超过5000万。 当时 年迈的 奥匈帝国皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫 (Franz Joseph)一直在维也纳的霍夫堡皇宫(Hofburg Palace)统治一切。 他的指定继承人 弗朗茨·斐迪南大公 (Archduke Franz Ferdinand)居住在附近的美景宫(Belvedere Palace),急切等待着登上王位。第二年,暗杀他的行动引发了第一次世界大战。 维也纳有200万居民,其中本地出生的不到一半,约四分之一来自波希米亚(现德国的巴伐利亚州和捷克共和国西部)和摩拉维亚(现捷克共和国东部),所以,在许多情况下可以说捷克在德国旁边。” 奥匈帝国的臣民说12种语言。“奥匈帝国军队的军官必须能用除德语之外的11种语言下命令,国歌有每种语言的官方译本。” 这座城市曾经而且依然等同于音乐、奢华的舞会和华尔兹,但是其阴暗面却特别黯淡。市民们大都住在贫民窟。1913年,将近1500名维也纳人自杀。 这种独特组合形成了维也纳自己的文化现象——维也纳咖啡屋(Veiennese coffeehouse)。 “咖啡文化和在咖啡馆辩论和讨论的概念是当时与现在维也纳人生活的重要组成部分。 1913年1月,一位护照上的名字为帕帕多普罗斯(Stavros Papadopoulos)的男子在维也纳北终点(North Terminal)火车站走下从克拉科夫(Krakow)开来的火车。 这位男子肤色黝黑, 留着一大把农夫式的胡子, 拎着一个不起眼的木制手提箱。 这个人出生时取名为约瑟夫·朱加什维利(Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili),朋友们叫他科巴(Koba),而现在,为人所熟知的是 约瑟夫·斯大林 (Joseph Stalin)。 与此男子接头的人 就是俄罗斯异议知识分子及激进报纸《真理报》(Pravda)编辑叫 列夫·托洛茨基 (Leo Trotsky)。 斯大林的著作《马克思主义和民族问题》于1912年底-1913年初在维也纳写成,并以《民族问题和社会民主党》为题登载在1913年《启蒙》杂志等3、4、5期上。列宁认为这一著作具有很大的理论和政治意义。列宁知道《启蒙》杂志编辑部的某些人员认为这篇论文需要讨论后,坚决予以反对,他说:“当然我们绝对反对。文章写得好极了。这是当前的重要问题,我们对崩得坏蛋们丝毫也不放弃原则立场。” 1914年斯大林的这一著作以《民族问题和马克思主义》为题出版过单行本,十月革命后,该书曾多次再版,并收集在《斯大林全集》第2卷内。 同时, 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 (Simgund Freud)已明声显赫。 这位精神分析学家住在维也纳博格巷(Berggasse),并在此开办了一家诊所。他的追随者称赞他是“打开心灵秘密”的人。 年轻的约瑟普·布罗兹(Josip Broz)后来成为大名远扬的南斯拉夫领导人—— 铁托元帅 (Marshal Tito),。他当时在维也纳新城城马尼拉(Wiener Neustadt)的戴姆勒汽车厂找了份工作:工作、赚钱、享受美好时光。 当时,还有一位24岁的年轻人,来自奥地利西北部,梦想在维也纳美术学院(Vienna Academy of Fine Arts)学习绘画,但梦想已经破灭了两次。此时,他正住在多瑙河附近的麦尔德曼街(Meldermannstrasse)。这个人就是是 阿道夫·希特勒 (Adolf Hitler)。 希特勒面对同住的房客,滔滔不绝地谈论“道德、种族纯洁性、德国的使命和斯拉夫人的背叛;谈论犹太人、耶稣会和共济会。” “他的额发摇摆,他那粘有颜料的手在空中挥舞,他的声音升至歌剧高音。接着,像他突然开始一样,他会突然停下,傲慢地收拾好自己的东西,大步走回自己的隔间。” 弗洛伊德最喜欢去的朗特曼咖啡馆依然矗立在环城大道(the Ring)上——一条 著名的 林荫大道, 环绕着维也纳具有悠久历史的内城(Innere Stadt)。 托洛茨基和希特勒经常光顾只需 步行 几分钟就能到的中央咖啡馆(Cafe Central)。这些老主顾热爱的是那里的蛋糕、报纸、象棋,尤其是演讲。 没人知道,希特勒是否撞见过托洛茨基,也不知道铁托是否见过斯大林。 第二年爆发的冲突摧毁了维也纳的大部分知识生活。 1918年,帝国崩溃,但是促使希特勒、斯大林、托洛夫茨基和铁托开创了将永远铭刻在世界历史中的事业。 参考资料: http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/portal.php?mod=viewaid=51211 Hitler, Stalin and Franz Joseph: same time, same place in Vienna http://justvienna.com/dark-side-of-vienna/franz-joseph-stalin-adolf-hitler-were-in-schoenbrunn-at-the-same-time/ 1913 VIENNA: WHERE THE (FUTURE) ELITE CAME TO MEET When Hitler, Trotsky, Tito, Freud and Stalin all lived in same place Read more at http://www.wnd.com/2013/04/1913-vienna-where-the-future-elite-came-to-meet/#Vsc8j2o3ekW8M4Jj.99 Why were Hitler, Stalin and Trotsky in Vienna in 1913? http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22196605 1913: When Hitler, Trotsky, Tito, Freud and Stalin all lived in the same place http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21859771 Hitler is Homeless in Vienna http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/homeless.htm
昨晚写了一篇博文, 应该大力支持研究生参加国际会议 。主要是看到国内母校的一则新闻有感而发。 今天正好收到秘书的来信,介绍学校的各项奖学金的申请和截止日期。正好看到其中一个是维大关于参加国际会议的基金申请的规定,可以看到也没有要求必须是口头报告,poster即可。 因为是德语版本,所以google翻译成英文如下: DISSEMINATION * Target group: PhD students of all disciplines in the university of Vienna, who were invited as part of their research introduce international conference (ie a registered Lecture / poster has been accepted) * Grant amount: up to 350, - with in Europe, to 650, - outside Europe 其实一般情况下,是不需要申请这个基金的,因为导师会从项目中出会议的钱。但是至少多了一种选择,即使钱是肯定不够的。
感动在维也纳 (王德华) 在维也纳这个音乐之都,短短的时间里,有很多的感动。 第一件:找旅馆遇到了那位慈祥的老人。 师徒俩在机场预定了旅馆,然后乘机场大巴进城。到站下车,拿着地图询问警察,三个年轻警察,一位女警还专门在手机用 GPS 搜索了一阵子,一位男警还说了一句“ This is a good question. ”,研究了一会儿后给我们指了指前面,挥了挥手势,意思是前走、过街、右转。确定后,便拖着行李朝警察指的方向走去。走了一会儿,似乎找到了那条街道,然后就顺着街道找门牌号。预定的旅馆是 12 号,快走到头了,那条街上偏偏没有 12 号。遇到一位环卫工人,前去问询,他不会英文,但意思是这不是我们要找的那条街。我们正疑惑着,这时走过来一位手里提着买菜篮子的老妇人。老人主动问我们遇到什么问题了,我们拿着地图和订单说找这家旅馆,老人说没带眼镜,看不清楚,但我们找的街道不是这里,是对面的方向。等确定街道的名称后,老人说她家就在去我们的旅馆的路上,她可以带我们过去。在异国他乡,自然很是高兴,满口感谢,跟着老人前行。老人很清秀,很有气质,说话速度很慢,很是和蔼,那种表情和口气给人一种特有的温暖、轻松和信任。她问我们来自哪里,我们说来自北京。老人说她去过香港,没有去过北京,很想去台北。路上老人跟我们慢慢聊着,我说机场订旅馆的人高速我们下车后只需要走 5 分钟的路程,下车后警察给我们指的这个方向。老人回头慢慢问道,你们问了警察?我说是啊,他们应该知道旅馆的位置吧?老人很认真地说,他们知道,但他们可能有别的什么目的。我不解,也没有再问。 走了一段路后,老人指着对面的楼房说,她家就在这栋楼上,我们的旅馆还在前面。她没有回家,一直陪着我们前行。又走了一段时间,她指着一座教堂说,我们的旅馆应该在教堂的后面。到了教堂附近。老人也迷惑了,记不清再向哪个方向走。她说她也很少过来,只记得大概是这个方位。为了确认,老人也问了几个路人,然后领着我们继续前行。后来又问了一位男子,男子说就在前面。这时已经很久了,老人陪着我们走了这么长的路,大热天的,脸上也冒汗了,我忙说我们已经知道方向了,我们自己找吧,您回家吧,太感谢您了。老人说我要看到你们安全到达旅馆。又过了一会儿,刚才那位男子又回来了,老人再次确认。我又说我们跟着这位先生走就可以了,男子也说他可以带我们过去。老人还是不放心,又问男子是否能把我们带过去,男子说可以的。这时老人才说那你们就跟他走吧,我从这里转着回家了。我们师徒俩紧紧握着老人的手,不停地感谢,挥手告别。转身对学生说,真是好人啊。我们跟着那位男子,顺利找到了旅馆。 第二件,购票遇到了善良相助的人。 出去转转,在自动售票机上购买 24 小时的通票。学生争着买票,慌忙间把信用卡方向插反了,被机器卡住了。学生慌了神,随去找人帮助,我在机器前守着。一位中年男子过来买票,我指着机器说,我们的卡被卡住了。这位男子过来很细心地看了看,用力拔了拔,没有成功,然后说,你们遇到大问题了。看到机器下面的屏幕上有遇到困难寻求帮助的电话,他随即想打电话,估计时间早还没有上班的,未果。他指着斜对面的售票大厅说,你们去里面问问也许会有人能帮助你们。我一直在机器前守着。过了一会儿,一位女工作人员微笑着走了过来,看到那位男子在后面,我就明白了。我向那位男子招手致意。女工作人员用手用力抽了抽,也没有成功,回头跟我说等一会儿,就回去了。又过了一会儿,她带着一位男子过来了,男子手里拿着一把钳子,我心里一阵紧张。男子用手钳夹住卡,用力一抽,卡出来了,然后微笑着交给我。我赶紧感谢, Thank you, thank you, thank you very much. 过了一阵子才见到学生紧张的身影,我拿着卡向他挥手。学生回来后,我还是那句话,世界上到处都是好人呢。 闲聊的时候,学生说,为什么这里这么多好人呢?咱们现在的教育是“不跟陌生人说话”,“遇到摔倒的老人不要扶”。我也是一声感叹,“咱们的国家啊。回想我们小时候人与人之间都是很和善的,很信任的,也是夜不闭户的。不知道怎么突然就变成这个样子了呢。哎,没有了诚信,没有了信任。”我说,出国一趟是一种心灵的净化。如果让全国人民都出来一趟感受体验一下,我们国家的整体素质会有很大提高的,可这怎么做得到呢。国家的整体面貌要改,还是要靠每个人的努力。不管如何,我还是相信,这个世界上,包括中国大地上,还是好人多。 在等地铁的时候,看到对面墙壁上有一宣传广告,有一句是英文 “Stop and Smile at a Stranger" (对陌生人,请您停下脚步,对他(她)微笑。)。在异国他乡,你突然就会有一种特别温馨满足的感觉。 记得有一年在内蒙的一家旅馆里,有一句话 “您今天微笑了吗?”
热爱科学计量学的朋友们,争取明年在维也纳见面啊! 武夷山 作为中国科学学与科技政策研究会科学计量学与信息计量学专业委员会的主任委员,我现在转贴第 14 届国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会的第一次征文通知,该会议将于 2013 年 7 月 15-19 日在奥地利维也纳召开。热爱科学计量学的朋友们,请踊跃投稿,争取明年在维也纳见面啊!在这次会议上,我们还要以中国科学学与科技政策研究会的名义申办 2017 年第 16 届国际科学计量学与信息计量学大会,如果申办成功, 2017 年大会将在杭州举办。明年会议上的中国面孔越多,应该说对于申办成功越有利。 大会征文通知如下: 1 st CALL FOR PAPERS, POSTERS, TUTORIALS DOCTORAL FORUM APPLICATIONS ISSI 2013 - 14th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics July 15-19, 2013, Vienna, Austria http://www.issi2013.org Most important dates: *** Deadline for papers and workshops/tutorials: 21 January 2013*** *** Deadline for Doctoral Forum applications: 4 February 2013*** *** Deadline for posters: 18 March 2013 *** The Conference Organizing Committee cordially invites you to attend the 14th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference 2013 in Vienna, Austria, hosted by the University of Vienna and the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology. All the relevant information is available at the conference website: http://www.issi2013.org We are looking forward to seeing you in Vienna. Best regards, Edgar Schiebel Juan Gorraiz
到欧洲旅游,常常令人赏心悦目。记得那年去奥地利维也纳、意大利曲雅斯特 ( Trieste ) 和威尼斯的宫殿、教堂和博物馆。实在是一次欧洲历史、宗教(基督教)和艺术的大餐。通过参观大量杰出的作品,使我对拜占庭式( 12 至 13 世纪)、哥特式( 13 世纪到 15 世纪中叶)、文艺复兴时期( 15 到 16 世纪)和巴洛克式( 17 世纪)的建筑风格有了身入其境理解。在那里令我着迷的一件事,就是学习 St. Benedictine 教堂的哲学和政治、了解 19 世纪奥匈帝国传奇人物弗朗茨·约瑟夫 ( Franz Josef ) 和和他的夫人,绝色佳人伊莉莎白( Elizabeth, 小名茜茜 , Sisi )生活中的趣事。如今在维也纳,任何人难以抗拒那里音乐的魅力:人们几乎可以在空气中闻到莫扎特的味道。 在意大利,人们可以深深地感受到文艺复兴艺术家的存在,如雕塑家詹博洛尼亚 ( Giambologna ) 和画家丁都莱多 ( Tintoretto ) 。然而,对我来说,最难忘的当属 画家古斯塔夫· 克里姆特 ( Gustav Klimt ) 领导的“维也纳分离派” ( Viennese Succession ) 艺术。 克里姆特 是我多年来最喜欢的艺术家之一。我第一次见到他的作品是在上世纪 80 年代初期。大学毕业后,我被分配到上海浦东区浦明师范学校当一名生物学老师。那是在浦东的陆家嘴,如今是上海最繁荣的地区之一。可当时那可是一片广袤的农田,一望无际的庄稼,让人感到一片被遗忘的悲哀。我那时渴望去美国留学,可是国由于政策变化,突然不允许大学生自费出国留学。我在无望中挣扎,也不知何去何从。百无聊赖之中,我对西方艺术产生了兴趣。我遇到了 同校的艺术老师 Fan ,我们成了亲密的朋友;是她教我艺术史并让我对艺术产生了终生的兴趣。我们花很多时间在一起讨论印象派、后印象派、凡高、塞尚、毕加索等。为了教学,学校买进了 2000 多张西方艺术杰作所有的幻灯片。 Fan 特别喜欢 克里姆特画中女人的皮肤。“看,”她指着投影在墙上的“达娜厄”说,“在金色和其他暗色的背景里,肉体画得如此生动,就像还活着,血液还在循环。”(图 1 )。 Fan 也喜欢装饰艺术,经常练习各种颜色的线条和形状。她考虑如何将这些艺术应用在日常生活中的器皿、家具和衣服上。她认为 克里姆特 的作品非常有装饰性,符合自己的品位。在 Fan 的影响下,我开始关注 克里姆特 ,并认为他画的花朵印在窗帘和女人的长裙上或许会很好看。 数年后,在纽约康纳尔大学医学院学习的时候,我参观了大都会艺术博物馆举行的 克里姆特 作品专题展览。在那里,我第一次看到了克里姆特的作品真迹,才真正理解了 Fan 所赞赏的克里姆特作裸体画的手法;如果近距离观察细节,会发现那表面上看似白色的皮肤,实际是由大量的颜色堆起来的。克里姆特的构图和他对颜色的使用非常特别。但可能是由于我个人的苦难经历,我更喜欢他“黄金期”后的作品。因为,这些作品没有那么多迷人、豪华的装饰,或对情欲的向往,而更多地展现了黑暗、死亡和无奈。我买了一张很大的《处女》印刷品,并亲手把它镶在了一个黑色金属框里。(图 2 ) 在维也纳的第五届欧洲神经科学论坛上,我聆听了哥伦比亚大学神经生物学教授艾瑞克· 坎德尔 ( Eric Kandel ,图 3 )的公开报告。他 因学习和记忆的研究获 2000 年诺贝尔奖,他报告的题目是“维也纳医学院和奥地利表现主义的起源”。听起来,他要谈论维也纳和艺术,而不是科学。我对 坎德尔 的工作和为人都很了解,当我和饶毅在上海医学院读研究生的时候,我所作的第一个学术报告就是介绍 坎德尔关于海兔学习记忆 的工作。我在和 坎德尔相近的 领域工作多年,也遇到过他几次。我读了他最近写的自传——《寻找记忆》,知道他的祖籍在维也纳。但是我仍然很惊讶的是,他能够在 5000 名欧洲人面前坦然自若地谈论艺术;更惊讶的是,一个将近 80 岁的老人依然那么有精力和热情。他对新书的迷恋和对维也纳艺术的热爱确实能感染人。我明白了。正是像 坎德尔 这样的人才能获得诺贝尔奖。他们那孩子般的热情、令人难忘的自尊、对新挑战始终如一的追求,不仅能创造奇迹,而且让自己也保持一颗年轻的心。 坎德尔 善于在看起来不相关的事物间建立联系。 报告中他试图将世界著名的维也纳精神分析学家西格蒙德· 弗洛伊 德 和神经科学联系起来;而在我看来这十分牵强,因为 弗洛伊德是个哲学家,最多也就是个心理学家,与神经生物学相距甚远。弗洛伊德创立了心理分析的理论来解释人类行为,而不是用实验来验证假说。他最著名的理论就是将人类许多行为归于性冲动。但是我明白,对于坎德尔来说,要在神经科学和艺术之间建立联系,以弗洛伊德为中介是最好的方式。这使得他能够解释克里姆特是如何受当时也住在维也纳的弗洛伊德的影响。弗洛伊德两个著名的关于性欲和死亡理论,构成 克里姆特 作品的两个主题。《生与死》、《梦中的女孩》、《吻》、《亚当和夏娃》,只要你能说出,克里姆特就能画出。在他的画作中很容易看到《死亡前的阴影》和《性爱马赛克》。 讲完克里姆特, 坎德尔 继续谈论 20 世纪初维也纳的其他艺术家。他尤其喜欢奥斯卡·科科施卡( Oskar Kokoschka )和 埃贡·席勒 ( Egon Schiele ),这两位和 克里姆特都是著名的表现主义画家代表。坎德尔在讲述科科施卡的时候,没有涉及他的作品,而是谈及许多他和阿尔玛·马勒( Alma Mahler )之间狂热的婚外情,后者是一个年龄比科科施卡大很多的上流社会女性、著名作曲家 古斯塔夫 ·马勒的遗孀。科科施卡最好的作品之一《临时工》就体现了他和阿尔玛间的不正当关系和他忧虑的心情(图 4 )。 埃贡· 席勒 是 克里姆特 的另一个继任者。性爱是席勒作品的主题之一,其成就甚至超越了克里姆特,但很快由于他的古怪行为而被捕入狱。他去世时年仅 28 岁,但是他的画作蕴含着的一个自怜青少年的灵魂,深深地打动着参观者。 坎德尔 展示了一些 席勒画作的 个人藏品,这一定让他自我感觉良好。 不可否认, 弗洛伊德 的心理学对维也纳分离艺术影响深远。虽然有些牵强,坎德尔成功地强调了科学家之间,甚至科学家和艺术家之间的思想交流的重要性。“过去,弗洛伊德和古斯塔夫可能在“中央咖啡馆”喝咖啡边聊天。如今,我们在“欧洲神经科学论坛”讨论大家的新发现。”之后,我和 Morgan Sheng (当时在美国 MIT 工作的著名神经科学家)等人去了“中央咖啡馆”。的确,那儿的气氛因充满智慧而迷人。 坎德尔 指出,分离派艺术家的强烈愿望,就是展示他们独特贡献。如何把自己与历史巨人区分开来,并在艺术世界留下一份遗产。“每一代人本应该都历史上留下足迹,但事实并非如此”坎德尔说,“这在艺术杰作随处可见的维也纳来说尤其困难。”我觉他坎德尔在暗指他自己——在历史上留下足迹。因为我记得他在自传里写过一句话,“这就是科学发现重要的驱动力之一。” 第二天,我去了观景楼——尤金王子的夏宫。尤金王子出身法国贵族,三次出任 18 世纪哈普斯堡皇室国王特派的将军和政府代表。观景楼和那儿的花园是巴洛克式建筑的极致代表,人们只有惊讶于如此奢华的宫殿是如何建成的。观景楼除收集了大量中世纪到现代的欧洲艺术杰作外,它还拥有表现派画家埃贡·席勒的作品《拥抱》和《死亡与少女》、奥斯卡·科科施卡的 《死羊与静物》 以及克里姆特最著名的《吻》、《朱迪思 I 》(图 5 和 6 )。这些都是克里姆特风格最好的展现,这些背景里充满了细节。衣服中铺天盖地的金色和地面上奢华的颜色给一种一种难以抵抗的诱惑。长袍上的长方形和圆形装饰分别是男人和女人的象征。 在分离派展览馆里,我最终领会了维也纳分离派的内在精神。那里展示了分离派艺术家的作品。展览馆正面就像 克里姆特的画一样,拥有镶着相互交织金制叶子的顶壁和一个金制球状屋顶;前壁用黄金刻着分离派的一句名言:“给时代以艺术,给艺术以自由。”(图 7 )。地下室部分雕刻的是克里姆特的《贝多芬装饰带》,这是一幅 34 米长、以贝多芬 9 世纪交响乐为主题的的壁画。分离派艺术是对当时在维也纳盛行的古典艺术的一种反抗;分离派代表想成为与众不同的艺术,在某种程度上他们成功了。他们向世界发出了呐喊:“我们要向呆板而墨守成规的艺术宣战,向死板的拜占庭艺术宣战,向所有没有品位的艺术形式宣战……” 分离派艺术诞生于维也纳不足为怪,因为维也纳见证了世纪之交举世无双的文化空前大繁荣。维也纳造就了建筑家奥托·瓦格纳和阿道夫·洛斯、作家卡尔·克劳斯和阿瑟·施尼茨勒以及作曲家 古斯塔夫 · 马勒和阿诺德 · 舍恩伯格等;这些人中,最著名的当数西格蒙德 · 弗洛伊德。艺术家和知识分子在现实与幻想、传统与现代、辉煌的过去和迷茫的未来之间彷徨的同时,迸发出巨大的创造力。对追求幸福的执着、充满小资情调的浪漫、这些现实对当时文化环境起到了推波助澜的作用。也正是这些,构成了克里姆特和分离派艺术家成长的“土壤”。 克里姆特在艺术史上留下了难忘的烙印,我们如今是否有这样文化环境,能让国人在科学史上留下独特的贡献? ( 任春晓 / 翻译 ) Klimt, Successionists, and Vienna In July, 2006, I took a trip to Europe with Ben, my 16-year old son. We visited palaces, churches, and museums in Vienna, Trieste, and Venice. It was a heavy dose of European history, religion (Christianity) and arts. By looking at numerous outstanding examples, we got a pretty good understanding of the Byzantine (12 th to 13 th centuries), Gothic (13 th to mid 15 th centuries), Renaissance (15 th and 16 th centuries), and Baroque (17 th century) architectures. It was fascinating to learn the philosophy and politics of Benedictine monastery, and intriguing stories of the lives of Franz Josef and Elizabeth (Sisi), the legendary figures in the 19 th century Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Being in Vienna, it is hard to resist the power of music. One can smell Mozart in the air. We also had a good exposure of some of the Renaissance artists such as the sculptor Giambologna (Jean Boulogne) and the painter Tintoretto. The most impressive experience to me, however, was the Viennese Succession art, led by the painter, Gustav Klimt. Klimt has been one of my favorite artists for many years. My first encounter with Klimt’s work was in the early 80 th . After I graduated from college, I was assigned as a biology teacher in “Pu-ming Teaching School” in “Pu-dong” area (Yes, this is the most glamorous financial district in Shanghai today. But back then, it was a vast farmland that nobody wanted to go). I wanted to come to America, but the government’s policy prohibited young students to go abroad. I was stuck, felt no hope for the future, and did not know what to do. I became interested in Western arts. I met a friend, Fan, who was a young art teacher in the same school. We became close friends. She was the one who taught me art history, and influenced me to develop a life-long interest in art. We spent a lot of time talking about impressionists, post-impressionists, Vincent van Gogh, Cezanne, Picasso, etc. For the purpose of teaching, the school bought a set of 2000 slides, all masterpieces of Western arts. Fan particularly liked the way Klimt painted woman’s skin. “Look,”, she pointed at the slides “Danae” projected on a big wall, “in the background of gold or other dark colors, he painted the flesh so vividly as if they were still alive, with circulating blood underneath” (Fig. 1). Fan also liked decorative art, and often played with lines, shapes of different colors. She thought about how those could be used in daily utensils, furniture, and cloths. She felt that Klimt’s work was quite decorative, and suited her tastes. Under her influence, I began to pay attention to Klimt, and thought that his paintings of flowers may look good on window drapes and woman’s long skirts. Years later, when I was studying at Cornell Medical College in New York, I went to a special Klimt exhibition in the Metropolitan Museum. There I got a first look of some of Klimt’s originals. I appreciated what Fan meant by Klimt’s skill to paint nude bodies. If one pays a close attention to details, there are actually numerous colors on an apparently white skin. Klimt’s composition and his use of colors were also extraordinary. However, I liked the works after his “golden phase”, perhaps due to my personal experience of hardship. There were not so much glamorous ornamentation, splendid décor, or yearning of eroticism, but more revelation of darkness, death, and helplessness. I bought a good sized poster of “The Virgin”, and framed it in a black metal frame myself (Fig. 2). Our first stop was Vienna, where I attended 5 th Forum of European Neuroscience (FEN). On the first day of the conference, I went to a public lecture by Eric Kandel (Fig. 3), a professor of neurobiology at Columbia Univ., who received Nobel Prize in 2000 for his work on learning and memory. The title of his talk was “The Vienna School of Medicine and the origins of Austrian expressionism”. Sounds like he was going to talk about Vienna and arts instead of science! I knew Kandel well, both about his work and him as a person. When Yi Rao and I were young graduate students in Shanghai Medical College, the first scientific talk I ever gave was to introduce Kandel’s work. I have been working in a similar field for many years and met him a couple of times. And I have read his recent biography “In search of memory”, and knew his roots in Vienna. I was still surprised that he could so comfortably talk about arts in front of 5000 European people! I was really amazed that a man of almost 80 years old could still have that much energy and passion. His fascination to his new book and his love of Vienna arts were truly contagious. This is it. This is why people like Kandel could win Nobel Prize. Their childish zeal, their ego to impress people, their constant appetite for new challenges not only make impossible happens, but also make themselves young at heart. Kandel is a master in making connections between seemingly unrelated things. He first tried to link Sigmund Freud, the world-renowned Viennese psychoanalyst, to neuroscience. I felt that this was a bit far-fetched. Freud was a philosopher, or at the best a psychologist, not a neurobiologist. He developed theories to interpret human behavior, rather than performing experiments to test hypotheses. He is most famous for attributing many human behaviors to sexual drive. But I could see that talking about Freud was a brilliant way for Kandel to build the bridge between neuroscience and art, the main topic of his talk. This allowed him to talk about how Klimt was influenced by Freud, a man of Klimt’s contemporary. Freud was known for his theories on human sexuality and death, two subjects that constituted the main themes of Klimt’s work. “Death and Life”; “A Girl in Dream”; “The Kiss”; “Adams and Eve”, you name it. One can easily see “pre-shadows of death” and “erotic mosaic” in Klimt’s paintings. From Klimt, Kandel went on to talk about other artists in Vienna at the turn of the 20 th century. He was particularly fond of Oskar Kokoschka and Egon Schiele. These two and Klimt together are known as Expressionists. Instead of talking about Kokoschka’s work, Kandel talked a lot about the passionate love affair between Kokoschka and Alma Mahler, the widow of the great composer Gustav Mahler, and an elegant society beauty considerably older than himself. One of Kokoschka’s greatest works, “the Tempest” shows Kokoschka’s distorted relationship with Alma Mahler, and his dark emotion (Fig. 4). Egon Schiele was another successor of Klimt. Even more than Gustav Klimt , Schiele made eroticism one of his major themes and was briefly imprisoned for his strange behavior. He died when he was only 28, but his paintings have a self-pitying adolescent spirit that has a powerful impact on viewers. Kandel showed some of his personal collection of Schiele’s drawings. This must have made him feel so good. It was undeniable that Freud’s psychology had a great influence on Viennese Succession artists. As farfetched as it was, Kandel had built a successful argument for exchanges of ideas among scientists, and even between scientists and artists. “In the old days, Freud and Klimt may chat over coffee at Café Central. Today we discuss our new findings at the FEN meeting”. I went with Morgan Sheng and other to Café Central. The atmosphere there was truly tempting for intelligentia. Kandel also pointed out the strong desire of the succession artists to show their unique contributions, to distinguish themselves from their contemporaries as well as the historical giants, and to have a legacy in the art world. “Every generation should have its own mark in history”, Kandel said. “And this was particularly difficult in Vienna, where masterpieces are just around the corner”. I think he was talking about himself. “This was one of the important driving forces for scientific discoveries”, I remember he wrote this in his biography. Ben and I went to Belvedere the next day. This was the summer palace of Price Eugene, a French-born nobleman who served three consecutive Habsburg emperors as a general and statesman in 18 th century. The building and the garden are baroque at their extreme. One can only marvel how such an extravagant palace was built. In addition to its large collection of European masterpieces from Medieval to the present time, it has key works by expressionists such as Egon Schiele’s “The Embrace” and “Death and the Maiden”, Oskar Kokoschka’s “Still Life with Dead Lamb”. And finally, “The Kiss” and “Judith I”, the most popular works of Klimt (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). These are the best illustrations of Klimt’s style. There is so much detail in the background. The overwhelming gold in the garments and lavish colors on the ground give breathtaking seduction difficult to resist. The rectangular and circular ornamentations on the gown are symbolic of man and woman. Of course, one cannot escape the perpetual subject “woman”, which dominated in Klimt’s art. It was when we visited the Succession building that we finally appreciated the true spirit of Viennese Succession. This was a building where successionists exhibited their work. Its faade is just like Klimt’s painting, with entwined gold leaves on the upper wall and a gold dome (Fig. 7). A famous Succession quote “To every age its art, to art its liberty” engraved in gold on the front wall. In the basement is Klimt’s famous “Beethoven Frieze”, a 34-meter long wall painting on the subject of Beethovan’s 9 th symphony as interpreted by Richard Wagner. Succession was a kind of rebel against overwhelming establishment of classic art in Vienna. “We want to declare war on sterile routine, on rigid Byzantinism, on all forms of bad taste…” The successionists wanted to be different and unique, and to some extent they succeeded. It was no wonder that Succession was born in Vienna, which at the turn of the century witnessed a cultural flowering unparalleled anywhere else. There were the architects Otto Wagner and Adolf Loos, the writers Karl Kraus and Arthur Sschnitzler, the composers Gustav Mahler and Arnold Schonberg… On top of those, there was Sigmund Freud. Artists and intellectuals developed enormous creativity, torn as they were between reality and illusion, between the traditional and the modern, between glorious past and uncertain future. The romantic bourgeois, splendid banquets, inordinate love of pleasure, had a catalytic effect on the cultural environment. It was out of this “laboratory” that Klimt and Succession art grew. Klimt has clearly left a mark in the history of arts. Do we have the “cultural environment” for a unique contribution in the history of science? Is “anti-dogmatic” or “anti-establishment” a way to do it?
会议由the University of Vienna and the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH在2013年7月15-19日举办,会议举办方已经发出第一次约稿通知,可见其重视程度。 我也该准备稿件了。上次递交的稿子,写了两年半,三个人评审,两个评审意见说不好,一个评审意见说好,最终没有通过审核,而没有去成13届ISSI会议。当然,那篇稿子在众多的评审意见的督促下,日臻完善,最终在Information processing and management上发表。 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306457311001142 。 我是在2007年马德里第11届ISSI会议上,确定研究方向,并不断跟踪探索,才有今天的收获的。所以,一直对ISSI会议情有独钟,先前总是没有资金,不能参加这种会议。现在就愁写不出高质量的文章,参加这种会议了。 不知道有没有缘分参加下次会议。 在此,也提醒中国同行,有兴趣的朋友该准备文章了。
重发通知:欧洲科学计量学夏季学院招生, 2 月 27 日报名截止! 武夷山 欧洲科学计量学夏季学院 2010 年首次在柏林举办,大受欢迎,说明全世界对科学计量学方法和模型感兴趣者越来越多。今年的第二届夏季学院将于 9 月在维也纳举行。 这个夏季学院是收费项目。该项目的组织者对中国比较友好,他们听从了本所战略研究中心周萍研究员的建议,愿意为中国学员保留两个名额。否则,注册开始后,估计名额很快就会报满。 我国任何单位若愿意派人去学习,请于 2 月 27 日之前与周萍研究员联系 zhoup@istic.ac.cn 。 欧洲科学计量学夏季学院的网址是 http://www.scientometrics-school.eu/ 。 下面是初步的课程(或报告)安排,有很多科学计量学牛人会授课或发言。 preliminary programme Two conference-like introductory days addressing a broader audience are followed by three days with seminars, individual hands-on sessions and teamwork in small groups. Preliminary Programme Overview September 11th Pre-Programme: „Bibliometrics in a Nutshell“ Crash Course for Newbies Conference September 12th Conference day 1: Introduction to Scientometrics: Theoretical and Practical Aspects September 13th Conference day 2 Procedures and Indicators Seminars September 14th Seminars day 1 - Journal Impact Measures - h-index and Related Measures September 15th Seminars day 2 - Cooperation, Co-authorship, Social Networks - Mapping Science September 16th Seminars day 3 Workshop: Research Evaluation in Practice Preliminary Programme Conference September 12th 2011: Introduction to Scientometrics: Theoretical and Practical Aspects 09.00-09.10 Welcome and Opening Remarks Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria 09.10-10.00 History and Institutionalization of Scientometrics Wolfgang Glnzel (牛人,普赖斯奖得主) , Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Stefan Hornbostel, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany 10.00-10.45 New developments in bibliometric methods for evaluation and mapping of scientific research Anthony van Raan (牛人) , CWTS - Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands 10.45-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-11.45 Special Topic: Bibliometrics in the History and Philosophy of Science Werner Marx, Central Information Service, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany 11.45-12.30 What Does Bibliometrics Need? Coverage Requirements Henk Moed (牛人) , Senior Scientific Advisor, Elsevier 12.30-13.30 Lunch break 13.30-14.15 Practical Aspects of Scientometrics Koenraad Debackere, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium 14.15-15.00 Bibliometrics, Research Evaluation and National Science Policy: What Works and What Goes Wrong? Jonathan Adams (代表着牛机构的准牛人) , Director of Research Evaluation, Thomson Reuters 15.00-15.15 Coffee break 15.15-16.25 Introduction to Scopus Elsevier Product Presentation Presenter tbd September 13th 2011: Procedures and indicators 09.00-10.30 Metrics for Research Evaluation: Indicators, Methods and Mathematical Foundations Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Sybille Hinze, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany 10.30-10.45 Coffee break 10.45-11.30 Network Analyses Edgar Schiebel 11.30-12.15 Mapping Science Bart Thijs 12.15-13.15 Lunch break 13.15-14.00 Advanced Methods for Data Disambiguation Matthias Winterhager 14.00-14.45 Introduction to Bibliometric Data Sources Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria 14.45-15.00 Coffee break 15.00-16.30 Introduction to WoS Thomson Reuters Product Presentation Presenter tbd Preliminary Programme Seminars September 11th 2011: Pre-Programme 14:00-16:00 „Bibliometrics in a Nutshell“ - Crash Course for Newbies Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria / Christian Gumpenberger, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria / Stefan Hornbostel, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany / Sybille Hinze, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany September 14th 2011: Introduction of Bibliometric Indicators 09.00-10.30 Journal Impact Measures Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria 10.30-10.45C offee break 10.45-12.15h -index and related measures Stefan Hornbostel, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany / Sybille Hinze, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany 12.15-14.00 Lunch break 14.00-16.00 Hands-on Session September 15th 2011: Focus Topics 09.00-12.00 Paralell Sessions 1: Cooperation, Co-authorship, Social Networks András Schubert (牛人) , Institute for Research Organisation, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary (to be confirmed) 12.00-13.00 Lunch break 13.00-16.00 Paralell Sessions 2: Mapping Science (on the basis of Bibexcel Software) Olle Persson (牛人) , Sociology Department, Ume universitet, Sweden September 16th 2011: Workshop 09.00-12.00 Research Evaluation in Practice 1 Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria / Stefan Hornbostel, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany / Sybille Hinze, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany 12.00-13.00 Lunch break 13.00-16.00 Research Evaluation in Practice 2 Wolfgang Glnzel, Centre for RD Monitoring (ECOOM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium / Juan Gorraiz, Bibliometrics Department, University of Vienna, Austria / Stefan Hornbostel, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany / Sybille Hinze, iFQ - Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualittssicherung, Germany 以下是注册费信息: esss Conference only 12.09. 13.09. 2011 (2 days) EUR 125,00 (incl. Coffee- and Lunch breaks) esss European Summer School for Scientometrics 12.09. - 16.09. 2011 (5 days) EUR 500,00 (incl. Conference, Seminars, Hands-on sessions, Coffee- and Lunch breaks, Training Materials) esss reduced fee for students 12.09. - 16.09. 2011(5 days) EUR 300,00 (incl. Conference, Seminars, Hands-on sessions, Coffee- and Lunch breaks, Training Materials) upload of student ID or similar document for verification mandatory during registration process!
分享一下关于两个暑期学校的信息: (1)圣菲研究所( Santa Fe Institute )的2010复杂系统暑期学校( Complex Systems Summer School ) 圣菲研究所可以说是复杂系统研究方面的圣地延安吧,地处美丽的新墨西哥州的艺术家聚居地圣菲(Santa Fe)。这个为期三周的暑期学校是免学费的。食宿研究生不收钱,博士后收50%。不过路费要自己出。这对于已经在北美的同志们来说,应该不算什么;对于国内的同志可能困难点,看能不能得到支持拿到赞助啦。他们欢迎几乎一切学科(包括社会科学)的人申请。俺N年前参加过此学校,很值得一去。 (2)维也纳圈子[应该是借当年著名的Vienna Circle的名]学院( Institut Wiener Kreis )的 第11届暑期学校 。 这个主要是科学哲学和科技史的。不过他们也欢迎科学家参加。俺有搞心理的朋友去过。这次的主题是关于科学证据的本性。费用号称为880欧元,住宿325欧元。为期两周。费用可能贵点。
Dear Colleagues, Next year, the 9th European IFSA Symposium will address a wide range of issues related to Building sustainable rural futures - The added value of systems approaches in times of change and uncertainty. There are now 28 Workshops to choose from. As you can see from the short description of the workshops (attached), theynot only cover a wide range of topics (e.g., learning processes, food systems, energy production), but also focus on different aspects within these topics(e.g., research results, project design, doctoral education, knowledge transfer) and have different formats (e.g., discussing YouTube films, exchange between practitioners, 'classical' presentations of research results). I am convinced you will find something of interest for you. The deadline to submit an abstract to the convenor(s) ofa workshop is 15 October 2009 . Please visit the Website http://www.ifsa-europe.org for more information on the IFSA 2010 Symposium. We wish you a great Summer and look forward to meeting you in Viennanext year! Ika Darnhofer, Christian Vogl, Michael Hauser and Susanne Kummer (a.k.a. theLocal Organising Committee) P.S.: If you have any question, please do not hesitate to contact ika.darnhofer@boku.ac.at