综合SEG网站资料，下面简要介绍SEG的历史，欢迎大家在评论中翻译和讨论。（ www.seg.org ） SEG History The Society of Exploration Geophysicists is a not-for-profit organization that promotes the science of applied geophysics and the education of geophysicists. SEG, founded in 1930, fosters the expert and ethical practice of geophysics in the exploration and development of natural resources, in characterizing the near surface, and in mitigating earth hazards. The Society, which has more than 33,000 members in 138 countries, fulfills its mission through its publications, conferences, forums, Web sites, and educational opportunities. SEG（The Society of Exploration Geophysicists ）是美国勘探地球物理学家学会的简称。它是为了促进地球物理教育与应用的菲赢利组织。SEG创建于1930年。SEG创建的初衷在于培养地球物理专家以及更好的让地球物理在勘探开发自然资源，近地表表征，减少地质灾害等方面发挥积极作用。SEG在138国家中拥有33000个会员， 通过 出版物， 会议，论坛， 网站和 教育机会 等履行其使命。 1930 On March 11, twenty-nine men and one woman met in Houston at the University Club to found the Society of Economic Geophysicists. Donald C. Barton was elected the first president. On 20 May, a constitution and bylaws were adopted, and two papers were published in mimeograph form. 1931 The group's name was changed to Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG), and the first convention was held in conjunction with AAPG. 1932 SPG became the "Division of Geophysics of the AAPG." The Society continued to meet with AAPG through 1955. 1936 The first issue of Geophysics published. 1937 Once again the name of the organization was changed, this time to Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Accepted as an Affiliated Society by AAPG 1939 Patents section first appeared in Geophysics . 1940 First Cumulative Index published. Membership: 892. 1946 Constitution amended to permit establishment of Local Sections. 1948 Council created and met in Denver. First Local Sections chartered. Student Sections formed. Best Paper Award first presented. 1950 First Distinguished Lecture Tour organized. Membership: 2566. 1951 EAGE organized. Back issues of Geophysics available on microcards. 1952 SEG Crest adopted. 1953 Geophysical Prospecting appeared as a quarterly. 1954 Executive Committee voted to separate the Annual Meeting from the AAPG. First Associate Editors appointed to assist the Editor of Geophysics . 1955 SEG held its last joint meeting with AAPG, then celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary with a separate meeting in Denver. 1956 The first Yearbook was published, and SEG's scholarship program was initiated with $12 125 distributed to thirteen students. 1960 A silver anniversary issue of Geophysics published listing "classic" papers of the first twenty-five years of the journal, which were selected by a panel of judges. Membership: 5724. 1961 The SEG Medal Award (later renamed in honor of Reginald Fessenden) was created. 1965 When the SEG staff moved into the Society's new building in June, there were 5837 members. 1968 SEG accepted an invitation from the Society of Petroleum Engineers to become a cosponsor of the Offshore Technology Conference. R. E. Sheriff published in Geophysics , the "Glossary of terms used in Exploration Geophysics," the precursor of his Encyclopedic Dictionary . Sheriff received the Virgil Kauffman Gold Medal in recognition of the glossary. 1969 Emeritus Membership was established in 1970. Membership: 7306. 1971 The fiftieth anniversary of the reflection seismograph was observed at the Midwestern Meeting in Oklahoma City with the dedication of a monument near the site of the tests of that technique. 1972 The first book published jointly with AAPG, Stratigraphic Oil and Gas Fields-Classification, Exploration Methods, and Case Histories , appeared. It was to be twenty-five years before the second joint publication effort by the two societies. 1973 Sheriff produced SEG's all time best-seller, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics . The addition of three new student sections brought the total to twenty-eight. 1978 The Maurice Ewing Medal Award was established as SEG's highest award. 1979 Geophysics began monthly publication, and fifteen Continuing Education courses were offered. 1980 In the 50th anniversary year of the Society, when the total membership was 14 172, there were 12 319 registered at the Annual Meeting. Eleven of the original thirty founders of SEG attended and were honored at that meeting. That attendance record has not been broken. 1981 A record $4 billion was spent on geophysical acquisition and processing in 1981. More than 100 000 attended the OTC that year. 1982 Geophysics, The Leading Edge of Exploration , debuted in June. The SEG scholarship program passed the million-dollar mark with awards of $130 800. Expanded abstracts were required for all papers presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting. 1984 The Geophysical Resource Center was completed and occupied. It was dedicated the following year. 1985 Two special issues were published to commemorate the fiftieth year of publication of Geophysics . A new film about geophysical exploration, Seeing the Unseen: Geophysics and the Search for Energy and Minerals , was produced. The First Annual Gulf Coast Exploration and Development Meeting was held, and the first joint meeting of the China Petroleum Society and SEG took place in Beijing. SEG's membership of 19 559 was the highest total to that point, and would remain the record for 10 years. 1986 Shell Companies Foundation donated $100 000 for books and periodicals to the SEG Library in the Geophysical Resource Center, and the building was named the Cecil and Ida Green Tower. 1987 Seismic Data Processing , zdogan Yílmaz's best seller, was available at the Annual Meeting in New Orleans. This was to become the second all-time revenue producer behind Sheriff's dictionary. The SEG Foundation was reorganized. 1988 An agreement with AAPG, SPE, and SPWLA led to the formation of an Intersocietal Coordinating Committee. The first EAEG-SEG joint research workshop under a new agreement to hold alternating workshops every other year and the first ASEG-SEG joint meeting were held. 1989 Initiation of the SEG Foundation Trustee Associates. 1990 A 15-tape set video short course, given by Oz Yílmaz and based on his Seismic Data Processing , was produced by Western Geophysical and offered to SEG to market. Membership: 14 964. 1991 Attendance at the 61st Annual Meeting in Houston was 10 670. The Executive Committee adopted a policy of holding a midyear meeting annually in a venue outside North America. 1992 Successful meeting held in Moscow. Record income of just under $7 million for the year. 1993 GEOROM , a set of CD-ROMs containing fifty-seven volumes of Geophysics - 1936-1992 - fully searchable, was produced. The mortgage on SEG's building, the Geophysical Resource Center, was retired. 1994 A nine-year decline in membership was interrupted when gains were shown in each category of membership. GEOROM was expanded to include selected articles from The Leading Edge plus Sheriff's Dictionary , The Cumulative Index, and Expanded Abstracts from the Annual Meeting. An SEG Home Page, hosted by Stanford University and maintained by volunteers led by Brian Spies, was established. 1995 A CD-ROM of the Expanded Abstracts of that meeting was offered at the Annual Meeting in Houston. 1996 The donation of a Sun Netra Webserver to SEG by Sun Microsystems allowed the Web site to be moved to the Business Office, enabling the entire Internet operations to be done in-house. 1997 The Distinguished Instructor program was inaugurated, wherein a selected individual presents a short course in various sites around the globe. The first instructor is Ian Jack. A constitutional amendment was approved which increased the membership of the Nominations Committee from the historical three most recent past-presidents by four members to be selected by a prescribed method from the Sections and Associated Societies. 1998 An all-time record of 1457 booths were sold for the Annual Meeting in New Orleans. The SEG Museum was reorganized by the addition of a Virtual Museum and Traveling Museum to the existing museum in Tulsa. The Distinguished Educator program was launched and Robert R. Stewart of the University of Calgary was chosen as the first honoree. A new logo was adopted by the Council to reflect the Society's increasingly international nature. 1999 Despite a turbulent year in the petroleum industry, the Annual Meeting in Houston drew 11 103 attendees, and there were 1276 booth sales--second-highest total ever. Also, paid membership grew to nearly 16 000, the highest total since 1987. A major redesign of the SEG Web site was completed, and an equipment donation from Sun Microsystems helped prepare SEG for a bold digital future. 2000 SEG Annual Meeting returns to Calgary for the first time since 1977. This is only the third time the meeting has been held outside the United States. Sally Zinke becomes the first woman to hold the office of SEG President. The increasing percentage of members residing outside the U.S. causes the International Affairs Committee to be radically restructured and renamed the Global Affairs Committee. Membership: 16 894. 2001 The SEG Executive Committee authors a strategic vision of the future of geophysics and SEG’s role in it. While SEG's Annual Meeting is under way in San Antonio, the terrorist attacks of September 11 take place. The meeting proceeds with only minor disruptions. Mary L. Fleming, director of programs at the American Statistical Association, is selected executive director in December. 2002 The fourth edition of SEG's all-time best-selling book, retitled Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysic s to reflect the increasingly diverse employment of the membership, is published. Attendance at the Annual Meeting is disappointing, probably because of the out-of-the-mainstream venue (Salt Lake City) and the travel restrictions imposed after the terrorist attacks a year earlier. However, the meeting has one of the all-time magical moments of any SEG convention—the multimedia presentation of Robert Ballard, discoverer of the Titanic , which wows hundreds of junior high students and experienced geoscientists. 2003 SEG membership exceeds 20 000 for the first time, and a majority of members lives outside the United States. 2004 To address income disparity among geophysicists around the world, the Council approved a three-tiered dues structure that allows Active membership at all three levels. Membership approaches 23 000. 2005 SEG marked its 75th anniversary with celebrations at section meetings throughout the world, a special publication, retrospective journal articles, a video about geophysics and the Society, an extra distinguished lecture, historical photos on the SEG Web site, and special exhibits at the Annual Meeting in Houston. Membership surpassed 25 000 late in the year. 2006 SEG held a highly successful Annual Meeting in New Orleans barely a year after Hurricane Katrina devastated the city. Membership exceeded 27 000 late in the year. 2007 The SEG Foundation launched a US$15 million major-gifts campaign, “Advancing Geophysics Today, Inspiring Geoscientists for Tomorrow,” aimed at accelerating the rate of geophysical innovation and knowledge transfer and attracting more young people to careers in the geosciences. 2008 SEG opened its first office outside the United States in Beijing, China, on 3 April. The SEG Foundation exceeded its US$15 million campaign goal, celebrating pledges totaling more than US$17 million during a celebration at the Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, USA. At year’s end, pledges totaled US$17 232.410. SEG membership exceeded 33 000. 2009 Despite a worldwide recession, SEG's Annual Meeting in Houston drew more than 9,200 delegates and filled four exhibit halls with technical session posters and exhibits.
China is the world's most populous country and the second largest energy consumer behind the United States. Rising oil demand and imports have made China a significant factor in world oil markets. 中国 是世界上 人口最多 的国家， 仅次于美国的 第二大能源 消费国。 不断上涨的石油 需求和进口使得 中国 成为世界 石油市场 的重要因素。 China is the world’s second-largest consumer of oil behind the United States, and for the first time the second-largest net importer of oil in 2009. 中国 是世界上 仅次于美国 的第二大石油消费国 ，2009年 第 一次成为世界 第二 大石油 净进口国 。 China’s largest oil fields are mature and production has peaked, leading companies to focus on developing largely untapped reserves in the western interior provinces and offshore fields. 中国的大油田都已进入成熟和开采峰值阶段，导致中国的石油公司将重点集中在西部地区未开发储量和海上油田。 Although natural gas use is increasing in China, it only comprised 4 percent of the country’s total energy consumption in 2008. 尽管中国的天然气消费日益增长，但还是只占2008年能源总消费的4%。 China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world, and many of China’s large coal reserves have yet to be developed. 中国是全球最大煤炭生产和消费大国，中国还有许多大型煤炭储量有待开发。 China’s electricity generation continues to be dominated by fossil fuel sources, particularly coal. The Chinese government has made the expansion of natural gas-fired and renewable power plants as well as electricity transmission a priority. China commissioned the Three Gorges Dam hydroelectric facility, the largest hydroelectric project in the world, in 2009. 引自： http://www.eia.doe.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=CH#undefined
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