首先感谢您参与本次问卷调查。以下是一些《自然-方法》( Nature Methods )编辑感兴趣的关于社交媒体方面的问题,我们的问题主要是关于学者如何使用微信作为交流科研进展的平台,我们希望听到您的想法,包括社交媒体所带来的好处和担忧。问卷调查结果将发表于 《自然-方法》 的社论。 这篇调查可能需要15-30分钟, 需要您用英文回答 。 请您随时跳过与您不相关或您不感兴趣的问题 。如果我们在社论中直接引用您的回复,《自然-方法》的编辑会提前与您联系以获取许可。请于 7月27号 前邮件回复您的回答到《自然-方法》的编辑唐蕾博士(邮件地址:lei.tang@nature.com)。期待您的参与! Many thanks in advance for helping Nature Methods research our editorial on how scientists use WeChat. Here are some questions in which we are particularly interested, but please feel free to skip those that aren’t interesting or relevant to you. If we would like to use a direct quote from your responses, we will contact you in advance for permission. Please send your responses to Dr. Lei Tang (lei.tang@nature.com). 问卷内容 (建议在复制粘贴后答题回复给编辑) Name and email address: 1. What is your current position? If you are an independent PI, please indicate whether you are a junior or senior PI. 2. What is your field of research? 3. Are are working in China or another country? 4. How long have you been using WeChat for scientific activities, such as reaching out collaborators and sharing your own research through Moments (朋友圈)? 5. How often do you check WeChat Moments (朋友圈) or how many hours per day would you guess you spend on WeChat posts for scientific inputs? Do you think Wechat can be a time sink? 6. Do you blend your personal and professional WeChat activities or keep them separate? Why? 7. How many public accounts (公众号) do you follow? How many public accounts do you follow for scientific news? Which public accounts would you recommend for your peers or graduate students/postdoc? 8. Do you use WeChat as a primary news source or source for literature updates? Has it replaced reading ToCs or browsing journal websites? Do you subscribe other news outlet, such as Nature Briefing? 9. Do you think scientific WeChat posts are reliable? 10. Have you ever crowd-sourced an answer to a scientific problem using WeChat? Which way do you prefer, group chat or sharing in moments(朋友圈)? Did you get a good answer? 11. Have you built a collaboration that could not happen without Wechat outreaching? Do you think WeChat has helped you grow your scientific network? 12. What is the best thing that has happened to you because you use WeChat? Have you dealt with any negatives because of WeChat? Have you been trolled? 13. Have you ever gotten a job or hired someone through WeChat? 14. What other social media platforms do you use to talk about science? What are some pros and cons of different platfomrs? 15. How has your use of WeChat changed since the coronavirus pandemic started? 16. Do you use WeChat to communicate with journal editors about your research? If no, would you like to? 17. Anything else you’d like to share?
2020-01-18 今天早上收到 APL 编辑部的来信: Dear Prof. Dr. Zhang, Your manuscript, referenced below, has been reviewed for Applied Physics Letters. Self-powered flexible and transparent smart patch for temperature sensing APL19-AR-09640R Your manuscript will be accepted if you can make few more additional minor changes as indicated in a pdf copy that will be send to you immediately. …… 与众不同的是这句话: 根据附件里 PDF 的标注进行小修, 一般来说都是根据审稿人的意见来修改完善,这个意见一般都是列几条不是 PDF 文件,我下载下来一看,真的是惊呆了,原来是 APL 的责任编辑逐字逐句修改了投稿论文!有文字拼错的、有表述问题的、有标点符号和后缀的 …… 看着这个编辑的批注,联想到近日频频曝光的中国期刊论文和学术论文的问题,真的是感慨万千: 学术规范和学术水平的提升与建设是全方位的,不仅仅是学生、导师和参与评审的同行和编委,还有编辑部的各位和读者也都是 “ 学术产品 ” 出场的质量检测员啊!哪个环节都需要这样严肃认真和较真的态度,都做好了,次品就少了,精品就多了。 想起很多年前的一件旧事:我毙掉了一份送审的博士论文,我想今天这位博士论文的作者和他的导师一定不后悔当初找我评审(附2011年博文),正是因为有我严格把关才有了他们现在不提心吊胆担心论文被人找出来的坦荡人生。 认真做事,严格把关,从我做起! 论文评审:说 NO 的勇气和代价 2011-9-14 13:42 暑假期间有来自外校的博士论文评审,耽搁了几天,终于沉下心来看的时候,忽然发现是一篇很难评的论文,内容我很熟悉,虽然有一定的创新(研究方法),但是论文确实写得很差,错别字、语句不通、中英混杂、概念不清等,论文也缺乏最后的实验验证和测试分析,看的时候不知不觉就在上面做了很多批注,最后写评审意见的时候,犹豫很久,还是写了 “ 需要修改后再审 ” ,尽管评过不少博士生论文,有本校的也有外校的,这还是我第一次给出这样的评语,写完以后还很犹豫是不是要寄回去还是直接跟他的导师联系,考虑到每个学校都是匿名评审,我最终还是没有跟他的导师联系,直接把论文评语和我批注过的论文寄了回去,希望学生能看到我的批注,也能促进和帮助他的修改。 事情过去 2 个月了,今天突然接到一个匿名的短信问:这篇论文是不是我审的,我回答:是!随后就是沉默,无尽的沉默! 不知道为什么,感觉不好,也许我又要失去一个朋友了,不管怎样,一篇合格的博士生论文是需要修改的,也是需要真实的意见的,指导老师是需要把关的,评审的老师也是需要负责任的,曾经有一个老师的博士生论文送出来以后,他主动要求撤回去,因为他发现有问题,就要求学生延迟毕业、修改论文! 说 “No” 不容易,可是一直没有人说 “No”, 这个学位授予系统是迟早要出问题的、社会也是要出问题的。说到底,我真心希望那个学生能够认真对待我的评语和批注,因为我是认真的也是真心的,希望我们的博士论文能够有一定的参考价值而不是一堆废纸! 同时也提醒我的学生,你们要好好做,因为你们的论文送出去一定也会到其他这样认真负责的老师手中去审,做不好,是一定毕不了业的! ———————————————— 后记“ 论文评审:说NO的勇气和代价 ”发布后受到了大家的关注,更加令人欣慰的是昨天很晚我收到了论文作者的来信,可以看到这个诚恳的年轻人在受到这个“打击”之后的成长: 摘录如下: ———————————————————————————— 张老师,您好! 今天收到了学校返回的评审意见,看到了您的详细批阅与建议, 谢谢您在百忙之中的认真审查,也使我看到了一名真正的科技工作者应有的严谨,您就是国内学者中的脊梁!是我学习的榜样! 虽然结果对我来说很意外,但确实对我未来的人生道路上了一课,我也更加端正了对待科研的态度,我会好好修改论文! 对于您提出的修改意见,我想做如下说明: (此处略去1000字,学生对论文工作和我主要意见的详细回复和解释) ........ 我自认为自己的博士论文是自己一心一意想的做的,虽然不完整有漏洞,但是肯定没有抄袭,由于水平有限我会尽力改正!我也看到了您的科学网上的博客,您的严谨与热心我从心底佩服,老师也说主要是我论文水平不行,深度不够,您的评价是中肯而准确的!您在博客中说的可能会失去朋友,我觉得您多虑了,请您不必在意! 我会好好修改,争取能按时完成,尽量写出满足要求的毕业论文!也请您以后继续帮助指导!希望在我未来的道路中能继续得到您的指点,谢谢! 最后祝您工作顺利,身体健康! _________________________________________________________________________
对于科研人员而言,在科学研究和论文发表中寻求创新和突破实属不易。不仅于此,学术论文的写作和精准表达也并非一件易事。虽然说,论文的写作是有“套路”可循。但不同专业学科领域研究的具体内容差异很大。因而,论文写作和表达的技巧也是有学科差异的。本文就 地球科学领域 的一些用词表达为您提供一些实用方法和参考。 单词选择 正确的用词 在整篇论文中对作者想法的传达和论文的表达至关重要。虽然单个单词可能有几个同义词,但是特定的具体领域通常需要特定的措辞。一些常见的用词表达习惯如下所示 •在 土地利用 方面,不要使用“建设用地”( construction land ),而应该使用“建筑用地”( built-up land )、“开发利用的土地”( developed land )或“城市用地”( urban land )取而代之。 •在提到 趋势 时,“增加”( increase )优于“增量”( increment )。此外,“增加趋势”( increasing trend )意味着趋势本身是被放大了。更好的表达用词有“增长”( an increase ),“上升趋势”( upward trend )或“积极趋势( positive trend )”。 • 高程( Altitude ) vs. 海拔高度(Elevation) :在地球科学中,“高程”( Altitude )通常是指物体或点相对于海平面或地平面(例如飞机的高度)的气压计算得出的高度,而“海拔高度”( Elevatioin )则更常用于描述陆地表面相对于海平面的海拔高度。 缩略语 首字母缩略词应该在摘要中第一次出现时定义,并再次在正文中定义使用。请确保文稿中的所有缩写(包括单位)在全文中都是一致的。 •定冠词 the 和 a 的使用:文献中常用的缩写词通常被视为专有名词。在这种特殊情况下,缩写词的全拼形式之前需要使用定冠词“ the ”,而缩写形式之前不需要加定冠词。以下是一些例子: “ data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( 美国国家航空航天局的数据 ) ”和“ data from NASA ( NASA 的数据) ”; “ during the El Nino Southern Oscillation ( 厄尔尼诺南方涛动期间 ) ”和“ during ENSO ( ENSO 期间)”; “ using a geographic information system ( 使用地理信息系统 ) ”和“ using a GIS database ( 使用 GIS ) ”。 然而,当这些首字母缩略词被用作形容词时,需要文章:“来自 NASA 卫星的数据”,“ ENSO 事件期间”和“使用 GIS 数据库”。 •大写:对于仅包含一般词的首字母缩略词,术语不需要大写:例如,“ the normalized difference vegetation index 归一化差异植被指数( NDVI )”和“ sea surface temperature 海面温度( SST )”。缩略词的首字母通常不要混合大小写。例如:推荐使用“ radio detection and ranging ( RADAR )无线电检测和测距”, 而不是 Radio Detection And Ranging ( RADAR )。 日期和时间 期刊通常对日期和时间的格式会有特定的要求。日期和时间的格式在整个论文,包括摘要、正文、图表标题中都要保持格式前后一致。某些时间后面还应该添加单位,如下所示: •世界标准时间(例如, 1200 UTC ) •协调世界时(例如, 1200 Z ) •军事时间(例如, 08 : 00 ) •当地标准时间(例如,上午 8 点或上午 8 点) 仪器 vs. 数据集 vs. 卫星 通常,论文中引用的数据集与用于收集数据的仪器或卫星具有相同的名称。在这些情况下,您需要补充信息来详细描述所特指的内容(如数据)。这里有一些例子: •“ the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument 中分辨率成像光谱仪( MODIS )仪器”或“ The Moderate Resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dataset 中分辨率红外光谱仪( MODIS )数据集” •“ the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite 热带降雨测量任务( TRMM )卫星”或“ the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) dataset 热带降雨测量任务( TRMM )数据集” 当你不确定如何使用缩写词惯例的时候,搜索并查阅参考文献是实用的好方法。
除编辑部的专职编辑以外,Journal of Mountain Science的编委和科学编辑也担任相应数量的稿件的责任编辑,他们负责筛选合适的审稿人并邀请审稿人,与审稿人和作者联系沟通,根据审稿人的意见和自己的判断作出Reject或者Major Revison、Minor Revision、Accept的推荐意见,并将审稿意见和根据本刊要求需要进行格式和规范修改的其他意见一并发给作者,提请作者进行相应的修改。 如果一篇文章有几份审稿意见,而且几份意见在推荐是否发表上意见有分岐,此时责编要认真阅读原稿和几位审稿人的意见,结合期刊的要求和规范以及选稿原则,向主编作出推荐。文章需要作者修改的,要向作者提出明确的具体的要求,以免作者在几份审稿意见面前无所适从。下面展示的这封信即是一位责编给作者的修改信(注:由于审稿人的意见较长,未附在此文中)。 ---------------------------------------------------- Dear Dr XXX, I received the revisions of two independent anonymous reviewers. They believe that your work is interesting and has something new to offer. They are very positive with the contribution of your work, but they are also critical. Both of them mentioned, and I agree, that the manuscript is rather long and needs a narrower of focus. One of them has hesitations about the use of the term “degradation”. Please, try to follow their comments (although theseare not many) and make your manuscript shorter and more specific. Avoid futile references and be concise. Please consider to use an electronic appendix if you want / decide to present figures that are not part of the core of your work. Please, be aware that some parts of your manuscript have to be re-written, reduced or re-arranged to meet publication. Please mark (i.e. red text or highlighted) all changes in the revision. Your manuscript may be sent to the previous reviewers for further checking. Please also consider citations of relevant papers published in Journal of Mountain Science in 2014-2016 if possible. Please also follow the next requirements: 1. The authors should prepare a response letter to address the reviewers' and the editor's comments point by point besides making required or suggested revisions. 2. Some manuscripts will be sent to the previous reviewers for further checking when the editors can not decide whether the authors have addressed and done all the necessary revision. 3. All authors' email addresses and Orcids should be provided in the title page4. DOIs should be added in the listed reference if that item of reference has a DOI number. 5. Funding source should be added in the Acknowledgement. 6. Figures should be in high quality. 7. Language should reach the standards to be published. Sincerely, Alejandro Loydi JMS Editor
Margaret H. Kearney Vice Provost and Dean, University of Rochester 审稿人 #1 :给出拒绝发表稿件的建议。做出一些注释和评论,包括哪里需要双尾分析的证明,比用一个确定的统计模型去拟合它更好,增加一些讨论部分的论点。 审稿人#2 :建议作者重新修改、重新提交他们的文章。做出评论,包括一些不合适的语言(很没有力度的、或者对于这一领域的人来说很显然的一些语言),指出一些写作的赘述、文献综述的不够、以及评论部分太长了等等问题。 审稿人#3 :建议编辑接受某篇论文。做出评论、给出建议,包括如何阐明研究观点、在抽样和数据收集中添加一些细节、增加相关的图表、在讨论中强调的一些层面等。 作为一个研究杂志的编辑,如果我收到上述三种评论,我应该关注接受文章的建议还是拒稿呢?如果我发现一个完全不精确或者存在一些不必要的伤害的,我是否应该撤销它?什么样的行动对杂志而言是最好的?怎样的知识表达才是这个领域中最好的?怎样做才能对作者们最有利? 编辑们每天都在权衡这些问题,为他们做出最后发表的文章的决定。这一决定的形成因素包括杂志、读者群体、写作能力、页面空间的竞争水平,以及一些其他的因素,通过这些我们可以发现一个共同的原则。 我的决策的 第一原则 就是 审稿人的建议并不是一个投票,我没有义务服从多数 , 实际上任何的建议都是这样。相反,我将评审作为顾问,审稿人被选入我的评审小组因为他们有与这些论文稿件相关的经历。我知道大多数审稿人的优势所在。如果一个统计学家做出了一些关于统计数据的评论,它对我而言更有价值,而不是对一个临床指导人。相反,如果一个统计学家对医疗保健做出评价,这些评论将被临床医生采纳。 第二个原则 是 编辑是作者和评审内容矛盾时的仲裁者和解释者 。包括废除、修改或者弱化评论中的选项。我会修改评审中的形容词副词,让他们听起来更有礼貌,或者与一些一贯无益的评审人交流。如果评论不和谐或者很繁琐,我在决定时会考虑哪些优先。我一般支持理由充分、论述严密的重要评论,对另外一些就不太重视。 基于上述的评审我会做出决定,我可能会保持论文的传输途径,要求修稿并重新提交。没有审稿人指出不能修改的致命缺点。在上述评审中,#1 和#3 提供可以解决的具体问题,但是#2 几乎没提供问题所在。不确定如果最大化回应的作者可以而且应该与编辑交流,以获得更好的对出版进程的了解。 同行评审过程在文献或任何领域的进步中都是必不可少的 。如果你是一个审稿人,请考虑你是对未来该领域的质量的重要法官和贡献者,而不是它命运的唯一决定者。无论你是否承认论文未来是否可能出版,希望你都能 提供一个具体的、礼貌的建议 ,而不是过度夸大你自己的研究,请相信编辑不希望你对自己不擅长的领域大加评论。如果你是一个需要修改作品的作者,请 跟您的编辑寻求一些指导 ,以回应那些有争议的评论。如果您是一个编辑,请花时间将 各个评审都浏览一遍去芜存菁 ,并给你的作者一定的指导。 本文转自Wiley Exchange Blog: http://exchanges.wiley.com/blog/2015/11/05/its-not-a-vote-how-editors-use-peer-reviews/ Margaret H. Kearney Editor-in-Chief of Research in Nursing Health, one of the few general research journals in nursing, and former associate editor roles at two journals, Kearney is Vice Provost and University Dean of Graduate Studies at the University of Rochester. She continues a half- time commitment as a Professor in the School of Nursing and previously served in faculty, program director, and department chair roles at the University of Rochester and Boston College. With degrees from Columbia University, Boston College, and the University of California San Francisco and post-doctoral study at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Kearney is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. Her scholarly work and academic collaborations have emphasized qualitative research methods and studies of health issues and decision-making in socially high-risk pregnant and parenting women. She has published more than 80 articles, books, and chapters and presents widely on qualitative research methods and writing for publication.
6月19日那天,接到南京农大的电话。我想起,之前投过该校人文学院的《中国农史》编辑岗位。25号笔试,若通过,再参加面试等。 在这之前,我参加了山东出版集体的面试,最后被山东教育出版社录用(本来我应聘的是山东画报出版社,大概人家觉得我不够文艺,所以就调剂了)。本来已经做好入职准备,然而这个电话又让人犹疑。 在朋友圈发了一条“真纠结”,结果收获了有史以来最多的留言。从地域上而言,10人中大约有9人更偏爱南京。从单位性质上而言,所有人都更偏爱高校。从专业上来讲,《中国农史》期刊更对口。如此说来,如果我不去参加笔试,简直天理不容了。 于是,做好各种准备工作:联系南京的熟人朋友、订票、上网搜集面试可能的问题、到图书馆借编辑工作相关的书籍、下载《中国农史》上的论文…… 由于孩子还未断奶,因此买票时,我的构想是:带上我的老爸和孩子一起去南京,让我妈妈从武汉去南京。时间上刚好对接好,在南京汇合。我去考试时他们就带着孩子玩,然后一起回山东。但是由于妈妈生病了,所以我考试期间,宝宝只能由我爸带。 一切准备好后,到出发前的头一天晚上,忽然就犹豫了。要不,算了吧? 南农那个岗位没有编制。如果是几年前,我不会在乎的——俺第一份工作没有医保社保,不解决编制户口,我还是乐呵呵地干了两年多。但是现在,不可能再有那时的心态了。尤其是,当我想起曾经有一位很优秀的北大毕业的博士在科学史所工作了两年之后(在此期间,亦有不少成果),由于没有编制而被解雇,不得不再次去找工作,我就有兔死狐悲之感。像我这样一个本科、硕士、博士没有任何一个阶段就读于南农的人,即便有幸录取,也很难说不会有同样的命运。 老公在聊大,如果我去南京,将面临两地分居的问题。虽然我去济南,也是两地分居,但是相对来说近不少。还有一点是,南京的房价基本上是济南的两倍。再考虑到“山东省内的住房公积金是可以通用的,但是跨省不行”,那么我在南京的买房难度几乎就相当于济南的4倍了。 再者,父亲年事已高,经常腰酸腿痛,我带着他四处飘荡,再带上一个孩子,实在过于残忍。南京这边肯定一时没法出结果,而出版社那边的三方协议已经签了。所以即便这边面试完了一切顺利,我也得要先去那边上班。这样就要租房、要熟悉周边生活环境。而万一南京这边要我了,那样我的父亲则要继续带着我和孩子迁移,再次租房、再次熟悉周边生活环境……生生是游牧民族的节奏啊。 高校的作息相对宽松,而且有寒暑假,确实是很诱人的。然而仔细想想,“弹性工作制”固然意味着无需朝九晚五,但它同时也意味着:任何时间你都可能处于工作状态。即便是在通常意义上的“非工作时间”里松懈了一下,都会让自己有一种负罪感,因为“比你牛的人起得比你更早、睡得比你更晚、工作比你更努力”简直是常态。有了孩子之后,我发现养娃完全是一个时间的黑洞。如果把孩子托付给老人,又回到上一段的问题——父母年事已高,精力有限。至于老公……男人天生有一种能力,无论他多么爱孩子,无论他的时间多么充裕,他仍旧能够很清晰地划分出育儿与工作、休息、娱乐、社交的边界,为各类事情平均分配时间。所以,养孩子还是要靠自己。而对于我这样一个资质鲁钝之人,实在无法兼顾育儿与学术,所以只能选择相对来说不那么费脑子的工作。 The last but not the least,之前准备面试时,关注了山东出版集团的微信。看下来发现,诸多内容关于育儿、科普、文艺、佛教。《你知道嘛,这些是给孩子的冷暴力》(山东文艺出版社)、《蛋白质、一不小心就吃多了》(山东科技出版社)、《丰子恺画笔下的孩子们》(齐鲁书社)、《山东佛教刻经全集》(山东美术出版社)……这些内容,颇适合我的兴趣。 我们火车出发的时间是早上,当时聊城下着雨。之前联系南京的两位旧友,亦都出差。冥冥之中,许多事情都暗示“不宜出行”。爸爸照例起得很早,我说,算了吧,不去了。他仍旧故作轻松地说,“去吧,时间还来得及,我来下面条吃”。于是,我断断续续地说了那些我想了一夜的理由。爸爸终于松了口气。其实,他早就觉得累了。 这夜之后, 我明白自己已经是一个中年人了:对于没去过地方,顾虑多于好奇;对于来日,求稳多于求变。
学术期刊编辑的胸怀 (王德华) 学术期刊编辑需要什么样的胸怀?这恐怕是没有标准答案的。 编辑手中是权力还是义务?这也不是每个编辑都明白的。有的认为是一种权力,可以主宰作者稿件的生杀大权。有的认为更多是一种义务和一种责任。学术成果的真实性、创新性,学术道德和学术伦理的规范性。 国内的很多学术期刊的编辑有时候会感到自己受了很多委屈,会蒙受作者一些无缘由的抱怨和埋怨。 不可否认,编辑素质对于学术期刊的质量无疑是很关键的。处理稿件的规范性、效率性,审稿专家的权威性,对有争议稿件学术价值的敏锐性,学术精神和学术规范的一贯性,是学术期刊质量和持续发展的保障。 说个自己最近内心很受冲击的一个经历。我们有一篇关于光周期影响动物产热和能量代谢的稿件投到专业期刊 Journal of Thermal Biology 。负责稿件的主编审理后,返回的结论是拒稿,理由是稿件内容不符合刊物发表论文的范围。接到这个审稿意见,很是不悦,动物的产热和能量代谢怎么不属于 thermal biology 的范围呢?虽然稿件质量不是很高,但这个拒稿理由是不成立的。我心静了几天后,决定给编辑回复,说明我的意见,稿件内容完全符合刊物刊载的范围,拒稿理由不成立。 没想到主编很快就回复了。这次回复解释了他为什么拒稿的理由,说我们的稿件虽然与产热和能量代谢有关,但主要是光周期的影响结果,没有温度处理实验,没有体温的数据等。这是拒稿的理由,很抱歉在拒稿信中没有说明详细理由。 关于这个理由,我还是不同意。又回复主编:尽管我们这个实验中没有温度处理,没有体温的数据,但这些信息我们在另一篇文章 (Journal of Comparative Physiology B) 中已经报道和讨论过了。文章中的产热能力与能量代谢的数据,从另一个方面反映了温度的影响。由于动物对光周期很敏感,光周期与温度也是直接相关的。如果是因为稿件质量的问题拒稿,我认可,如果说是稿件内容不符合刊物范围而拒稿,我还是不接受。在这封信中,我还提到了一个隐隐约约的一个感觉。尽管当今中国的某些科学家在科研中存在学术不端行为,影响了中国学者的学术声誉,我们研究组是不存在这个问题的。我们研究组在中国的小型哺乳动物生理生态学研究中是具有引领作用的,我们的研究也得到了国际同行的认可。 主编又很快回复:主编说很感谢我的开诚布公,但他的拒稿决定与这个没有任何关系。他又强调了一遍:尽管光周期对产热和能量代谢的影响与温度是间接相关的,但他还是希望在实验中看到光周期和温度的共同影响。文章内容必须是直接的 thermal biology 。在这封信中主编问,根据我们的交流,我想邀请你加入我们的编委会,你是否有兴趣?有兴趣的话,寄一份简历给他。 ... … 前些日子收到了 Elsevier 出版集团的邀请函,邀请加入 Journal of Thermal Biology 期刊的编委会。 链接: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-thermal-biology/editorial-board/ 这次经历,我很受触动。我做期刊主编多年,也担任一些期刊的编委,也为很多期刊审理稿件。说实话,如此耐心的回复,如此的心胸,我自叹不如。 再说句题外话,有意思的是,我还担任了2天的 Enzyme and Microbial Technology 期刊的编委。由于 我同时收到了2封邀请函,开始以为是同一个期刊。等详细看时,心里发虚了,另一封邀请函是 邀请加入学术期刊 Enzyme and Microbial Technology 编委会。这个期刊我没有什么印象,登录期刊网站浏览了一下期刊发表的论文,明白自己对这个领域是外行,没有能力担任编委 (编委的第一责任是为期刊质量做出贡献,对论文质量把关)。我发现我的名字已经在期刊编委会的网站上了。心里开始冒虚汗了,赶紧回复 Elsevier 出版集团,说自己不是这个领域的专家,不适合作为这个期刊的编委。还好,第二天出版集团就同意了我的“辞呈”。 今天还收到 Journal of Animal Ecology 执行主编对副主编们的感谢函。 Journal of Animal Ecology 继续保持了高 IF 和在生态学期刊中的地位。信函中说,“我们都知道,向学术期刊投稿有可能是一个创伤的经历,但是我们获得的作者对在 Journal of Animal Ecology 的投稿经历的反馈是不错的。” 期刊编辑需要学术眼光,也需要一种胸怀。要有原则,要能够倾听善意的批评意见。注意收集作者的反馈意见。期刊编辑的学术水准和魅力,对学术期刊的发展是加分的。 自勉! ×××××××××× Journal of Thermal Biology 的稿件范围: Journal of Thermal Biology — Environment, Evolution and Medicine The Journal of Thermal Biology publishes articles that advance our knowledge on the ways and mechanisms through which temperature affects man and animals. This includes studies of their responses to these effects and on the ecological consequences. Directly relevant to this theme are: • The mechanisms of thermal limitation , heat and cold injury, and the resistance of organisms to extremes of temperature • The mechanisms involved in acclimation , acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to temperature • Mechanisms underlying the patterns of hibernation , torpor, dormancy, aestivation and diapause • Effects of temperature on reproduction and development, growth, ageing and life-span • Studies on modelling heat transfer between organisms and their environment • The contributions of temperature to effects of climate change on animal species and man • Studies of conservation biology and physiology related to temperature • Behavioural and physiological regulation of body temperature including its pathophysiology and fever • Medical applications of hypo- and hyperthermia Article types: • Original articles • Review articles Benefits to authors We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services . Please see our Guide for Authors for information on article submission. If you require any further information or help, please visit our support pages: http://support.elsevier.com 美丽
制造出世界第一头克隆羊多利(Dolly)的实验室——苏格兰 爱丁堡罗斯林研究所(Roslin Institute) 再创第一 ,使用比克隆羊更简便的方法“生产”出一只名为“猪26”( Pig 26)的转基因猪仔, 这 是世界上第一头通过“基因编辑”(gene editing)法降生的转基因猪。 “猪26”的制造者希望这项新技术的成功有助于化解公众对转基因肉制品的抵制,在减轻地球人口增长造成的粮食供应压力方面承担起关键角色。 “基因编辑”法据称比克隆更快、效率更高,而且不必使用对抗生素有抗药性的基因。但是, 反对转基因(GM)食品的阵营主要担忧之一就是GM作物和家畜携带对抗生素有免疫功能的基因,从而使得人类必不可缺的抗生素类药物失效。 改变了一个字母 所谓“基因编辑”,是指研究人员剪断组成基因染色体的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),插入新的基因材料,相当于编辑更改了组成基因组的30亿个“字母”中的一个。 这项技术的成功率在10-15%之间,且可以在受精卵上操作;而克隆技术成功率是1%,且需要采用更复杂的克隆步骤。 更重要的是,研究人员声称这个“编辑”过程逼真地模仿了自然的基因变异,使得最后的结果几可乱真,即使细看转基因动物的DNA也无法判断究竟是自然变异还是经“DNA编辑”(DNA editor)之手发生的改变。 Bruce Whitelaw 教授说,唯一的人工转基因证据是这头动物从胚胎到降生过程的详细记录。 由此,“基因编辑”法实际上可以替代克隆术。 “猪26”携带了一种对非洲猪瘟(African swine fever)有免疫力的基因。欧洲的猪感染了非洲猪瘟后24小时之内就会丧命。 “猪26”身上的抗非洲猪瘟基因取自对这种猪瘟有免疫力但在欧洲无法圈养的非洲野猪。 “基因编辑” 适用范围广 除了猪之外,基因编辑也可以使诸如牛羊、鸡鸭之类家畜家禽对一系列疾病具备免疫功能。 这种简单有效的方法已经引起不少跨国大公司的兴趣,世界性的监管机构已经在考虑如何给它定性定级。 英国对转基因动物的肉进入食物链仍采取严禁的态度,但美国和中国等其他国家比较放松。 美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)已经在考虑转基因大西洋三文鱼是否适合人类食用。 如果今年晚些时候FDA做出裁决,认为美国公司Aquabounty研制的生长奇快的转基因三文鱼可以安全使用,则将开人类食物链先例。 科学家们认为,地球人口增长导致的食物供应压力日益增大,转基因技术将成为缓减这种压力的重要力量。 Move over Dolly the sheep, here’s the genetically engineered pig that could bring home the bacon From the same lab that brought us Dolly the sheep back in 1996 now comes the world’s first pig created using ‘gene editing’. Born at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, the piglet – only known by the moniker Pig 26 – could change the public’s perception on genetically modified livestock. Scientists have steered clear of previous methods, which involved using genes that were resistant to antibiotics. Instead they have ‘edited’ the piglet’s DNA using a method that has a 10 to 15 per cent chance of success, compared to the previous technique’s success rate of less than one per cent. The hope is that the new GM pigs will be more resistant to diseases such as swine flu and help fulfil worldwide demand for pork products. 'Pig 26': Can this little piggy win over the enemies of GM? 17 years after Dolly the cloned sheep, Roslin researchers announce another milestone in ambitious project to produce disease-resistant animals http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/9995807/Pig-born-using-new-GM-approach.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2 309854/GM-pig-born-Scientists-created-Dolly-sheep-produce-pig-immune-disease.html
在科学网写博客常有种如履薄冰的感觉,说不定哪句话、哪篇博文就触动了谁的哪根神经了。估计编辑 MM 的日子更难受,她们在精选博文时必定胆战心惊,很难说给哪篇博文戴上一朵既不能当饭吃也不能当衣穿的小红花会不会招来抗议。看得出来,科学网上的道德君子还是不少的,编辑 MM 若想置身事外,最好的办法是把授予小红花的权利交给博主们。当推荐数达到一定量时自动戴上小红花,或者干脆取消精选,这样也就不必总拿精选说事了。 我也抗议过精选,例如当初在药家鑫问题上,我抗议过编辑 MM 精选麻庭光先生的博文。也有几次别人抗议我的博文被精选,不过我的博文被抗议精选的时候不算多,因为精选率本来就不高。有时候你很难弄清楚写什么样的东西不会被抗议,按理说,如果你写科研或教学类文章是不会被抗议的,其实不尽然,说不定别人说你是伪科学,一样被抗议,编辑 MM 因为精选这样的文章被抗议的时候大概也有过,具体记不清了,只是有点印象。 这次因为《梨花何须压海棠》被编辑 MM 精选再次遭到了某些博主的抗议,估计这是编辑 MM 始料不及的。抗议的原因是我引用了苏大叔的那首诗:“十八新娘八十郎,苍苍白发对红妆。鸳鸯被里成双夜,一树梨花压海棠。”我有点奇怪,不少人曾经在网上大谈特谈雷政富那类赤裸裸的绯闻,没有人抗议,甚至一片叫好声。因为引用了苏东坡的一首调侃诗并被精选了,却招来了抗议。我不禁在思考一个问题:什么叫科学网的道德底线?我们的道德君子们能不能给个界定? 编辑 MM 精选我那篇文章一定不是因为苏大叔的那首歪诗,多半是因为那几张照片尚可一观的缘故。至于苏大叔的调侃诗算不算黄,大概编辑 MM 界定不了。如果一个人在科学网上写怡红院般的小说,或者把雷政富写成故事,编辑 MM 能不能精选呢?道德君子们能不能给编辑 MM 指导一下? 因为我的烂文章让编辑 MM 受委屈了,特此向 MM 们致歉。不过俺坦率地说一句,我不会为了精选写精选,但我喜欢自己的博文被精选,因为我不是伪君子。 编辑MM何不试试精选这篇短文,看看会不会挨骂?我猜99%的可能性会挨骂。^_^
有篇文章审稿4个月了,还不见结果。情急之下,催问了一下编辑。编辑回信说:The peer review has been extremely slow, but I am waiting for feedback at the end of this month. If the peer review is positive, I might be able to include the paper in the first issue of 2013, due to go in print in about three months. 根据信的内容,我揣测编辑有点不好意思,所以答应文章在满足一定条件的情况下,将刊登于2013年的首刊。其实,我根本没有急着发表的意思。编辑之所以要这么做,估计是因拖延审稿而对作者采取的补偿。如此看来,介于作者和审稿人夹缝中的编辑是多么不容易啊! 理解归理解,但如果审稿意见未在特定时间内反馈的话,相信大多数作者都会过问一下编辑。如果审搞意见久拖不见,作者将另图打算。一旦这种情况频繁出现,对作者、期刊和审稿人而言,都不是好事。 就作者而言,拖延审稿不仅错失了率先发表的机会,更可能使开创性论文背后所具有的潜在社会经济价值被他人捷手先拿;对期刊来说,拖延审稿定会影响到其稿源,尤其是优质稿件。长此以往,期刊出路堪忧。审稿人呢?如果偶尔拖延,情有可原,没什么大惊小怪。但如果经常拖延呢?结果只有一个,即:编辑会主动放弃,另请高明。别以为你不做审稿人,对你没什么损失,这就大错特错了。审稿人究竟有哪些益处呢?我不敢苟言,因为审稿经历相当有限。不过,从我可怜的审稿经验中,至少有这样的体会:可在审稿过程中学到不少新东西(本来想举一个实例,但考虑到隐私,就算了吧)。如果你想要从浩如烟海的文献中了解到这些信息,除了运气,恐怕需要些时日。至于其他好处,请资深审稿人补充。 现实中,很多人兼具审稿人和作者的双重身份。既然如此,作为审稿人身份的你,为什么站在作者的角度上想一想呢?如果你无暇或无力审稿,怎么不及早告知编辑呢?我知道,如果你确实担当了审稿人的角色,审稿不会占据太多时间。只要集中精力,个把小时或几个工作日定能搞定。再说了,审稿也是一种学习方法。记住,再烂的稿件也有闪光的地方。即使只有一处,对花费时间不多的你而言,报酬率已经不小了。 拖延审稿,不管是对作者,还是对期刊和审稿人,都危害不小。为了各自的利益,请审稿人做好本职工作!!!
Endnote无法编辑Range的解决方案参考 (2011-03-01 10:25:32) var $tag='杂谈'; var $tag_code='81af2223141ee1dbd4fa03706bb57ba3'; var $r_quote_bligid='625f63330100pwam'; var $worldcup='0'; var $worldcupball='0'; 标签: 杂谈 关闭任何启动宏的word文件(如,国自然的标书模板); 重启Word,Endnote进行文献添加。
Linda Miller , Science、 Nature 前资深编辑,纽约大学医学院副院长。“ Setting the scene – publishing in the collaboration age ” Valda Vinson , Sicence 执行编辑。“ Scientific Publishing – practical tips ” Christina Bennett ,美国生理学会出版伦理负责人。“ Publication ethics: reputation management – your institution and your own ” Frederick Dylla ,美国物理联合会 执行主席和 CEO。 “ Peer review and scholarly works ” Setting the scene_publishing in the collaboration age.pdf 来源: http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/thread-1115526-1-1.html
10月25日,国际微生物生态学会执行委员会及其会刊(The ISME Journal)的主编给赵立平教授发来信件,转来了由国际微生物生态学会主席Michael Wagner教授签署的聘书,聘请上海交通大学生命科学技术学院、上海系统生物医学研究中心赵立平教授为该刊的高级编辑,聘期自2013年1月1日起任期三年。 The ISME Journal是国际微生物生态学会与Nature出版集团合办的期刊,创刊于2007年,2009年首度公布的SCI影响因子就超过了5,最新公布的影响因子为7.375,是微生物生态学领域的顶尖期刊,在生态学和微生物学领域的期刊中均名列前茅。 赵立平教授是微生物分子生态领域的资深科学家。他领导的科研团队在Proceeding s of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS),Applied and Environmental Microbiology,The ISME Journal,Journal of Proteome Research,PLOS ONE,FEMS Microbiology Ecology等杂志上单独或合作发表研究论文40余篇,在Nature等期刊发表评论和综述多篇。在肠道、土壤、废水等复杂微生物群落结构和功能分析方面做了很多创新性工作,特别是在肠道菌群与肥胖等代谢疾病的关系方向上取得重要进展。他自2006年担任国际微生物生态学会的常务理事,是FEMS Microbiology Ecology,Systematic and Applied Microbiology,Journal of Molecular Medicine,Microbial Biotechnology等国际刊物编委。近两年来应邀在美国微生物学会(ASM)年会、国际糖尿病技术大会和国际微生物生态学(ISME)大会等会议上上做开幕式报告和主旨报告,研究工作在国际上受到越来越多的关注。 http://life.sjtu.edu.cn/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=735:the-isme-journalcatid=71Itemid=115
“ 讨论”部分非常重要。在这部分,你要把“结果”中展示的证据线索和“引言”中的背景资料关联起来。遗憾的是,许多作者(特别是来自非英语国家的作者)常常不够重视“讨论”部分,认为只需把结果罗列出来,然后让读者自行去得出结论即可。但是,给出结果而不说明其意义只会造成随意解读,从而影响研究获得应有的影响力。而期刊编辑往往希望论文能推进该研究领域,并形成影响;所以有必要善用“讨论”部分来尽可能增强论文的影响力。 好的“讨论”可以在开头先重申一下“引言”中提出的研究问题和假设,接着总结一下你的主要研究结果。这样一来,读者对于你是否推进了该领域的研究就一目了然了。从最重要或最相关的结果写起,然后再转向相对次要的内容。此刻暂不要讨论有争议或者难以解释的结果。这个阶段,你只须描述那些能直接回答“引言”中提出的问题或与假设直接相关的主要结果。不要用那些数据不支持的“大而空”的语言,也不要夸大结果的重要性。用“suggests” 比用“shows”更好,切忌使用 “proves”。此外,要尽量不要重复结果”部分的内容,而只需简要说明主要结果然后再谈其含意。这部分需要变换时态,叙述你的结果以及文献结果时用过去时,论述其意义时用现在时。 “讨论”的第二部分常被忽视,并往往造成拒稿。重申问题和结果之后,还需要陈述其相关性和重要性。你需要把你的结果放在文献研究背景中加以比较,并讨论其意义。这部分构成了“讨论”主体;他告诉读者(当然还有编辑):从已有文献的基础上来评价,你的结果到底有什么意义?它们与其他研究者的工作之间存在什么关联。你的研究可能存在备择解释,对此应予提及并尽可能排除(或者至少论证它们的可能性很低)。如果仍有备择解释无法排除,你的研究就属于“尚未完成”,或者至少是“尚在进行中”;在这种情况下,你需要在“讨论”的结尾部分,提出将开展哪些实验来进一步排除备择解释或确认哪种解释才是正确的。 主要结果和背景的关系理清之后,就可以提及有争议或难以解释的发现,并提出可能的解释。没问题,这里你可以猜测,只要不要太过分。关键的问题是,你讨论和阐述了这些问题,而不是置之不理。“讨论”部分不能出现新术语或新结果;所有结果都该在“结果”部分叙述完整;所有术语也应在“引言”中就提出。最后,“讨论”部分要解释一下此研究的局限性。与其等审稿人指出,不如自己提出;这样也许反而会增加正面审稿意见从而缩短发表周期。一个研究存在局限性本身并不是问题,大多数研究都有这样那样的局限性。所以重要的是要承认它并提出在进一步研究中如何克服。在阐述完局限性之后往往紧接着就是描述未来的研究。 有些期刊有单独的“结论”部分;就算没有,也要在“讨论”的最后一段点明研究的结论。最后一段 (或最后一部分)应简要复述一下主要研究结果及其重要性,陈述该研究如何推进了本领域的研究,但不要用完全相同的语言。要提及结果的新颖性和重要性,但再说一次,不要夸大其词。如有必要可以提出进一步研究,如果本工作是初步研究则进一步研究可放在最后一句。若不是初步研究,就可以用明确的措施来总结本研究的影响,但仍要注意不要夸大其词。。 示例 下图节选自《The Journal of Clinical Investigation》上一论文的讨论部分(doi:10.1172/JCI37622; 经同意转载)。其中显示了讨论部分的一些要素,其末尾是一个结论段落。 核对清单 1. 开始先复述研究问题,然后陈述主要结果。 2. 过去时叙述结果,现在时谈意义。 3. 将研究结果同现有文献作比较,陈述其意义。 4. 陈述所有结果的意义,不要忽略那些“不便提及”的内容。 5. 不要在“结果”部分简单重复其他部分已有的内容,不得引入新术语/报告新结果,或夸大其词。 6. 给出本研究的局限性和将来研究方向。 7. 结尾用明确的措辞陈述本研究的相关性和重要性。 英文原文 Discussion: what does it all mean? The discussion section of your manuscript is critically important. It is where you pull together all the ‘threads’ of evidence you have presented in the results in the context of the background you presented in the introduction. Unfortunately, many authors, particularly those from non-English-speaking countries, overlook the importance of this section considering it sufficient to merely present their results and allow the reader to draw their own conclusions. However, presenting your results without describing their implications leaves them open to interpretation and reduces the impact they could have. Journal editors want papers that will advance the field and generate an impact; therefore, use the discussion wisely to maximize the impact of your findings. A good discussion will begin by restating the study question and any hypotheses presented in the introduction. This should be followed by a summary of the major findings of your study so that it is immediately clear how you have advanced the field. Start with the most important or relevant finding and then move to progressively less important ones. However, do not yet discuss results that are perhaps controversial or difficult to explain. At this stage you only want to describe the major findings that directly answer the research question you set out in the introduction and/or those that directly relate to your hypotheses. Avoid making grand statements that are not supported by your data and/or overstating the importance of your findings. The word “suggests” is preferable to “shows”, and the word “proves” should never be used. Also, there should be minimal repetition with the results section, with only brief descriptions of the main findings required before launching into their implications. A mixture of tenses is required, with the past tense used to describe individual results and the results of previous studies, and the present tense used to describe their implications. The next part is the component of a discussion that is often overlooked and a frequent cause of rejection from journals. Having reiterated your initial question and major findings, you need to describe their relevance and significance. This is where you put your findings into the context of previously published literature and discuss their implications. This part forms the bulk of the discussion section, showing the reader (and importantly, the journal editor) what your findings actually mean in the light of the existing literature and how they relate to the efforts of others. All possible alternative interpretations of your study should be described and excluded (or at least shown to be unlikely) wherever possible. If alternative interpretations remain viable, the study is considered ‘incomplete’, or at least ongoing, and experiments to rule out the alternatives or determine which of the alternatives is correct should be described at the end of the discussion section as future research. Once the major findings have been put into context, any controversial or difficult to explain findings should be mentioned along with plausible explanations for them. It is perfectly OK to speculate here (but not too wildly), but it is absolutely essential that these findings, and any inconsistencies, are discussed and addressed rather than ignored. No new results or terms should be introduced in the discussion section; all findings should be described in the results section and relevant terms will all have been introduced in the introduction section. Finally, any limitations of the current study should be explained. Peer reviewers are likely to comment on such limitations anyway, so it is best to be ‘up front’ about them and state what they were; doing so might even improve your chances of a positive peer review and thereby shorten the time to publication. The fact that your study has certain limitations is not a problem in itself, and most studies have limitations of some sort. It is therefore important to acknowledge these and describe how they can be addressed in future research. For this reason, the description of limitations is usually followed by a description of future research. Some journals have a separate conclusions section, but even in those that don’t, the same content should be merged with the discussion and contained in the last paragraph. This final section/paragraph should briefly restate the key findings and their significance, describing how your study represents an advance in the field, but avoiding direct repetition. The novelty and significance of these findings should be mentioned, but again, it is important not to over-emphasize either of these. Future studies should be mentioned where relevant, and can be the subject of the final sentence if the current study is preliminary. If your study is not preliminary, end with a strong statement that summarizes the impact of the study without over-stating its importance. Example The figure below, showing excerpts from the discussion section of paper published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation (doi:10.1172/JCI37622; reproduced with permission), shows some of the important components of a discussion section and the concluding paragraph at the end. Checklist 1. Start by restating the problem/research question and then state the main findings of your study 2. Describe results in the past tense, but implications in the present tense 3. Put findings in the context of the existing literature to describe their implications 4. Describe the implications of all results obtained; do not ignore ‘inconvenient’ ones 5. Avoid repetition, introducing new terms or results, and making grand statements about the importance of your findings 6. Describe the limitations of your study and future directions for research in the field 7. End with a strong statement describing the relevance and significance of your study Dr Daniel McGowan 分子神经学博士 理文编辑学术总监
英文 编辑本段 回目录 EuroPineDB: a high-coverage web database for maritime pine transcriptome Fernandez-Pozo, N. Canales, J. Guerrero-Fernandez, D. Villalobos, D. P. ... Claros, M. G. BACKGROUND: Pinus pinaster is an economically and ecologically important species that is becoming a woody gymnosperm model. Its enormous genome size makes whole-genome sequencing approaches are hard to apply. Therefore, the expressed portion of the genome has to be characterised and the results and annotations have to be stored in dedicated databases. DESCRIPTION: EuroPineDB is the largest sequence collection available for a single pine species, Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), since it comprises 951 641 raw sequence reads obtained from non-normalised cDNA libraries and high-throughput sequencing from adult (xylem, phloem, roots, stem, needles, cones, strobili) and embryonic (germinated embryos, buds, callus) maritime pine tissues. Using open-source tools, sequences were optimally pre-processed, assembled, and extensively annotated (GO, EC and KEGG terms, descriptions, SNPs, SSRs, ORFs and InterPro codes). As a result, a 10.5x P. pinaster genome was covered and assembled in 55 322 UniGenes. A total of 32 919 (59.5%) of P. pinaster UniGenes were annotated with at least one description, revealing at least 18 466 different genes. The complete database, which is designed to be scalable, maintainable, and expandable, is freely available at: http://www.scbi.uma.es/pindb/. It can be retrieved by gene libraries, pine species, annotations, UniGenes and microarrays (i.e., the sequences are distributed in two-colour microarrays; this is the only conifer database that provides this information) and will be periodically updated. Small assemblies can be viewed using a dedicated visualisation tool that connects them with SNPs. Any sequence or annotation set shown on-screen can be downloaded. Retrieval mechanisms for sequences and gene annotations are provided. CONCLUSIONS: The EuroPineDB with its integrated information can be used to reveal new knowledge, offers an easy-to-use collection of information to directly support experimental work (including microarray hybridisation), and provides deeper knowledge on the maritime pine transcriptome. 中文 编辑本段 回目录 EuroPineDB:南欧海松转录组的一个高覆盖网络数据库 背景: 南欧海松 是一种经济上和生态上重要的物种,它正在成为一种木质裸子植物模型。它的巨大的基因组大小使得全基因组测序方法难以应用。因此,基因组的表达部分不得不被描述,并且结果和注释不得不存储在专门的数据库中。描述:EuroPineDB是可用于单个松树物种,南欧海松(maritime pine)的最大的序列收集,因为它由从非均一化cDNA文库和来自成熟(木质部、筛部、根部、茎、针叶、松果、球果)及胚胎(胚芽、萌芽、愈合组织)南欧海松组织的951,641条原始序列片段组成。使用开源工具,序列被最佳地预处理,装配并广泛注释(GO、EC和KEGG术语,描述,SNPs、SSRs、ORFs和InterPro代码)。结果,一个10.5倍的南欧海松基因组被覆盖,并装配了55,322个UniGenes。总共32,919(59.5%)个南欧海松UniGenes用至少一个描述被注释,揭示了至少18,466个不同的基因。被设计为可扩展、可维护且可扩充的完整数据库可以在http://www.scbi.uma.es/pindb/免费获得。它能够通过基因文库、松树物种、注释、UniGenes和微阵列(即,序列被分布在双色微阵列上;这是惟一的提供了这种信息的松柏植物数据库)进行检索,并将被定期更新。小的装配能够使用连接了它们和SNPs的专门可视化工具进行查看。显示在屏幕上的任何序列或注释集合能够被下载。提供了序列和基因注释的检索机制。结论:EuroPineDB连同它的整合信息能够被用于揭示新知识,提供了一个易用的信息收集,以直接支持实验工作(包括微阵列杂交),并提供了有关南欧海松转录组的更深知识。claros@uma.es。 doi 编辑本段 回目录 10.1186/1471-2164-12-366 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152544/pdf/1471-2164-12-366.pdf
尊敬的科学网编辑, 科学网作为世界上最大的华人科学家沟通交流和传播知识的媒介,近年来受到越来越多科学家和青年学生的青睐。科学网上有许多优秀的博文和科学研究报道正引导青年学生思考,开拓眼界,了解世界科学前沿。因而,科学网成为许多年轻学者和研究生每天必看的网站,比微博,人人还要热门。我相信,和我一样,许许多多的青年学生正在受到科学网的指引。但是我近来怀疑科学网上面有些报道是否有必要,有的报道是否经过编辑的审核。所以我想冒昧的向科学网编辑们提出一些我的意见,仅供参考: 科学网作为以科学传播为主的媒介,与传统的媒体还有一些差异,我们不仅需要吸引眼球,更是要尊重事实,当然这儿指的更多的是科学事实。科学网上有时直接转载其他传统媒体的报道,而似乎并没有经过严格的审核,其中有的言辞失实,过分夸大、吹嘘,这可能会误导我们青年学生。对于学术见解,当然百家争鸣很好,但是基本的科学事实是要遵从的。所以在这一点上,我们的编辑是否能够多费点心?最近科学网上转科技日报关于 M Fekete发表关于中药研究报道( http://news.sciencenet.cn//htmlpaper/2012981031187225759.shtm )是否过分夸大?我发现转载这篇报道的是 M Fekete本人,而科学网又将其置顶于首页,是否有必要?如果 M Fekete本人非要秉持这种意见,可以以博客的形式发表,而不是新闻。 我的理由如下: 1.许多中药提取物都具有抗癌功能,有的已经上了临床,机制研究也是比较清楚的。所以这边报道本身的意义有多大还值得商榷。 2.在 M Fekete的研究中只是使用了2株肿瘤细胞,机制也是很传统的,并没有多大创新之处;而且本文没有在动物身上做实验,对正常组织细胞是否有影响并没有探讨。 3.Anticancer Research创刊历史确实很久,但是称之为国际权威期刊是否恰当。该刊的影响因子始终徘徊于2一下,引用率是相当低的。很多中国本土的中文杂志都比这个杂志好(个人观点)。 所以希望编辑能够考虑我的意见。
SCI修改稿回答审稿人意见范文模板.doc Dear Dr/ Prof..(写上负责你文章编辑的姓名,显得尊重,因为第一次的投稿不知道具体负责的编辑,只能用通用的Editors): On behalf of my co-authors, we thank you very much for giving us an opportunity to revise our manuscript, we appreciate editor and reviewers very much for their positive and constructive comments and suggestions on our manuscript entitled “Paper Title”. (ID: 文章稿号). We have studied reviewer’s comments carefully and have made revision which marked in red in the paper. We have tried our best to revise our manuscript according to the comments. Attached please find the revised version, which we would like to submit for your kind consideration. We would like to express our great appreciation to you and reviewers for comments on our paper. Looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you and best regards. Yours sincerely, ×××××× Corresponding author: Name: ××× 修改稿回答审稿人的意见(最重要的部分) List of Responses Dear Editors and Reviewers: Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers’ comments concerning our manuscript entitled “Paper Title” (ID: 文章稿号). Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in red in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer’s comments are as flowing: Responds to the reviewer’s comments: Reviewer #1: 1. Response to comment: (……简要列出意见……) Response: ×××××× 2. Response to comment: (……简要列出意见……) Response: ×××××× 。。。。。。 逐条意见回答,切忌一定不能有遗漏 针对不同的问题有下列几个礼貌术语可适当用用: We are very sorry for our negligence of ……... We are very sorry for our incorrect writing ……... It is really true as Reviewer suggested that…… We have made correction according to the Reviewer’s comments. We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion As Reviewer suggested that…… Considering the Reviewer’s suggestion, we hav
还是前天晚上与中国科学院 C 博士一起吃饭,席间谈到了一些论文的发表, C 博士说:“一些好文章编辑也喜欢,根本不用愁着发表。” 在一起吃饭的科学报 Z 记者也附和着:“好文章编辑一眼都能看出来,从我当主编的八年时间来说,一年也就不到十篇好文章。”随后他又补充道:“啥是好文章,一来有创新的内容,二来写作的文笔漂亮,三来符合编辑的组稿思路。这类文章编辑都会提前安排发表的,以显示期刊的品味,而一些内容泛泛的稿子,编辑往往是能往后推就往后推,从初审到终审,再到让作者修改、录用,都是在‘被动’的情况下处理稿子的。” C 博士接着说:“我去年去英国曼彻斯特大学时,老板(导师)亲自驾车去机场接我,为什么呢?咱两年时间在 SCI 上发表好几篇有影响的文章,而其他人则是自己打车去学校。” 他接着说:“现在我们的文章不论是管理方面的,还是地质方面的,编辑都很欢迎。我们的文章不是编出来的,而是实实在在地做实验加思索用心地写出来的,没有不喜欢这类文章的编辑。” C 博士和 Z 记者说的没有错,我几年前在编辑部时,就有北京大学的一位作者写了一篇“维生素 E 提取”方面的文章,当时他把我们刊物的排版规律都研究透了,连我们刊物的书眉标识、每页排多少行字、每行排多少字、文章编号、中图分类号等等都研究的一清二楚,还有我们刊物参考文献的编辑著录格式等等都研究的头头是道,这类文章作为编辑当然是十分喜爱的,这类文章编辑也是十分乐意发表的。 我们没有理由拒绝一篇各方面都很好的文章,我们更相信好文章根本就不用愁着在权威期刊上发表。
不能接受 “20120225” 一文的审稿意见,回复及理由如下: 0 ) 文章只是对原文有选择的进行了译注,不同意所谓 “ 忠实翻译的说法 ” !作为中文要闻聚焦、其宗旨是把国内外顶尖杂志上影响力较大的科学发现介绍给国内作者,说是完全照搬照抄,不符合事实! 要闻聚焦的宗旨: “ 1. 围绕您或他人在国内外重要学术期刊发表的高水平科研成果或重要论文撰写的 评介性 文章 ;2. 围绕最新发表的前沿或热点领域的科研成果撰写的 评述性 文章 ;3 围绕生命科学领域热点话题撰写的 评论性 文章 . 文稿要求以中文撰写 . ” 因此审稿人要求提出有价值的观点,未免牵强! 文章的由来,文章的指导意义,我都进行了详细阐述, 因此审稿人称 “ 对这篇 CELL 文章的前因后果缺乏较具体的表述,对文章内容的介绍缺乏较逻辑的铺垫和创新,对文章研究结论的意义缺乏清晰的分析和认识。总体来说,本文表述不准、语句不通、理解有误。 ” 审稿人的上述说法纯属个人偏见和癔症! 1 ) 要闻聚焦的要求是“ 评介性、评述性、评论性 ”! 我的文章体现了这些宗旨。 因此审稿人称 “本文与 Park 等人发表的文章相似度太高,内容安排上,几乎完全照抄原文,且理解不够,逻辑表述不清。参考文献全部来自 Park 等人参考文献列表,最重要的插图中也是来自于该文章。虽然本文意图聚焦于 Park 等人的这篇文章,但建议作者可以以这篇文章为主,介绍 Park 等人研究结果之前的背景知识,总结 Park 等人文章的贡献和创新点,同时多加入一些新的东西和自己的观点。” 完全 偏离了要闻聚焦类文章的事实要求和宗旨! 2 ) 本文的中英文摘要等写作方面,都是可以修改完善的内容。 3 )“ 此篇文章的正文是从 Park 等人 Cell 文章的结果部分翻译而来,建议将此部分简练并总结成一节,前面加入一些背景介绍,后面加入自己对这篇文章的看法,以及由此篇文章启发的前景展望。” 不同意审稿人的意见!如果那样的话,岂不就成了 综述和专论了!? 4 )“ 本文对原文结论的把握不准确。原文结论是白藜芦醇并非如之前报告的直接通过作用于 SIRT1 激活 PCG-1α 从而实现对机体能量代谢的调节,它对 SIRT1 的激活是间接的、是通过直接抑制磷酸二酯酶活性产生大量的第二信使 cAMP 激活的 AMPK 信号通路介导的;本文介绍为 “ 白藜芦醇并不如以往认为的那样,是直接作用于与衰老相关的蛋白,而是通过抑制调节能量代谢的磷酸二酯酶 ” ,对原文的结论理解不准确。” 审稿人的上述说法未免太武断! SIRT1 激活 PCG-1α ,是可以作为衰老相关蛋白来理解的! 5 )“ 作者对原文研究的评论很少。对其局限性介绍了两点。一是现有的研究结果目前局限于小鼠;二是要喝难以想象多量的红酒才能起作用,但这并不防碍用白藜芦醇作药,且完全偏离实验科学思路。作者应该在这里讨论的是白藜芦醇或节食是如何影响能量代谢或者其它生物学功能,其具体机制是什么;内容很多,包括,白藜芦醇引起的这一信号通路是否与节食引起的通路一致,其它能够激活 SIRT1 的药物是否是通过与白藜芦醇相似的作用机制实现的,它们作用的不同时间效应是如何实现的,这些信号在不同的环境条件下如何产生不同的效果,为什么有些药物对 SIRT1 的激活是不依赖 AMPK 的,以及为什么有些细胞中白藜芦醇可以实现对 AMPK 的激活却不能上调 PCG-1α 等等。” 要闻聚焦的写作要求是““ 评介性、评述性、评论性 ”! 我的文章是融评价和写作于一体的!审稿人不尊重事实!! 写作上,略作了艺术的手法,没有任何违背科学思路的意思! 鉴于审稿人对陌生人的稿件,完全是持一种打击、偏见和歪曲的态度,请退还我的审稿费!不能无耻的拿别人的血汗钱! :审稿意见 本文较忠实的翻译了今年1月份的一篇CELL“Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting cAMP Phosphodiesterases”,但作者几乎完全照搬该文章的内容,没有提出新的有价值的观点。而且作者对这篇CELL文章的前因后果缺乏较具体的表述,对文章内容的介绍缺乏较逻辑的铺垫和创新,对文章研究结论的意义缺乏清晰的分析和认识。总体来说,本文表述不准、语句不通、理解有误。 1)本文与Park等人发表的文章相似度太高,内容安排上,几乎完全照抄原文,且理解不够,逻辑表述不清。参考文献全部来自Park等人参考文献列表,最重要的插图中也是来自于该文章。虽然本文意图聚焦于Park等人的这篇文章,但建议作者可以以这篇文章为主,介绍Park等人研究结果之前的背景知识,总结Park等人文章的贡献和创新点,同时多加入一些新的东西和自己的观点。 2)本文的中英文摘要不能很好的总结整篇文章,且看起来不完整。总结和进展部分结构松散,内容不够丰满,未能很好的总结全文及对该领域进行很好的展望。 3)此篇文章的正文是从Park等人Cell文章的结果部分翻译而来,建议将此部分简练并总结成一节,前面加入一些背景介绍,后面加入自己对这篇文章的看法,以及由此篇文章启发的前景展望。 4)本文对原文结论的把握不准确。原文结论是白藜芦醇并非如之前报告的直接通过作用于SIRT1激活PCG-1α从而实现对机体能量代谢的调节,它对SIRT1的激活是间接的、是通过直接抑制磷酸二酯酶活性产生大量的第二信使cAMP 激活的AMPK信号通路介导的;本文介绍为“白藜芦醇并不如以往认为的那样,是直接作用于与衰老相关的蛋白,而是通过抑制调节能量代谢的磷酸二酯酶”,对原文的结论理解不准确。 5)作者对原文研究的评论很少。对其局限性介绍了两点。一是现有的研究结果目前局限于小鼠;二是要喝难以想象多量的红酒才能起作用,但这并不防碍用白藜芦醇作药,且完全偏离实验科学思路。作者应该在这里讨论的是白藜芦醇或节食是如何影响能量代谢或者其它生物学功能,其具体机制是什么;内容很多,包括,白藜芦醇引起的这一信号通路是否与节食引起的通路一致,其它能够激活SIRT1的药物是否是通过与白藜芦醇相似的作用机制实现的,它们作用的不同时间效应是如何实现的,这些信号在不同的环境条件下如何产生不同的效果,为什么有些药物对SIRT1的激活是不依赖AMPK的,以及为什么有些细胞中白藜芦醇可以实现对AMPK的激活却不能上调PCG-1α等等。 编辑你好! 我们撰写的文章“白藜芦醇抗衰老作用细胞信号转导途径解析”系 “ Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting cAMP Phosphodiesterases. Cell 148, 421–433, February 3, 2012 ” 一文的内容聚焦 。全部作者均已阅读过稿件,同意在贵刊发表,请及时帮助考虑。未尽事项,请随时通知我们。 谢谢。 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8b6a979e01013z5m.html 白藜芦醇抗衰老作用细胞信号转导途径解析 ** 摘要 :白藜芦醇 (Resveratrol) 是葡萄和红酒中的一种备受关注的天然多酚产物,之前的研究发现这种酚类衍生物在糖尿病及肥胖症的预防、改善方面可能发挥了重要作用。近日, Park 等的一项研究成果 (Cell , 2012 , 148 : 421–433) 解析了白藜芦醇促进人体健康的分子机理,提出白藜芦醇并不如以往认为的那样,是直接作用于与衰老相关的蛋白,而是通过抑制调节能量代谢的磷酸二酯酶 ( phophodiesterases, PDEs ) 。 关键词: 白藜芦醇,抗衰老,信号转导,途径,解析 . Cell signal transduction pathways of resveratrol anti-aging effects analytic Zhu XueLan 1,2 Lanwei Xu ShuCheng 1 * (1. College of Life Sciences, Fuyang Teachers College; 2. HongQi middle School, FuYang 236032, China ) Abstract : Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol product that attracts much attention in Grape red wine. Previous studies have found that this phenol derivative plays important role in many aspects of diseases such as diabetes and obesity prevention. A recent report in Cell by Park et al . resolved the molecular mechanisms of promoting health. Put forward that Resveratrol is not so easy as once believed, acting directly on aging-related proteins instead of inhibiting of PDEs that regulate body energy metabolism. Key words : Resveratrol , anti-aging , signal transduction , pat hway , analytic . *Corresponding author. Tel: +86 558 2596976 Fax: +86 558 2593670 Email: xscjack@126.com **The study project of the Natural Science Foundation of AnHui Province (11040606M86). 人们经过研究曾发现,在葡萄皮中高剂量存在着一种化合物能够改善小鼠肌肉的耐力,并且这种化合物还能使它们保持苗条。之后他们发现这种化合物就是白藜芦醇,研究人员随后也发现了这种物质在糖尿病及肥胖症的预防、改善方面也可能发挥了重要作用,但是具体的机制还并不清楚 。近日, Park 等 在《细胞》 (Cell) 杂志上报道白藜芦醇并不如以往认为的那样,是直接作用于与衰老相关的蛋白,而是通过抑制调节能量代谢的磷酸二酯酶。在这篇文章中,研究人员追踪加入了白藜芦醇的细胞代谢情况,结果发现白藜芦醇的生物学活性需要一种腺苷酸活化的蛋白激酶 AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase , AMPK) 的参与,这与之前所认为的白藜芦醇主要是与衰老有关的沉默调节蛋白 1 ( sirtuin 1 ) 直接 相互作用的观点不同 —— 几年前,研究人员曾发现白藜芦醇似乎可以通过激活 Sirtuin 蛋白家族中的成员,从而改善与线粒体功能障碍相关的代谢紊乱 。 研究者认为,白藜芦醇可能可以用于治疗 II 型糖尿病,阿尔茨海默病和心脏病等疾病。但是在这之前,我们必需弄清楚白藜芦醇到底是作用于细胞中的什么物质,这样才能将其用于研制安全有效的药物。 1. 白藜芦醇与细胞衰老信号 限制热量的摄取 (Calorie restriction, CR) 已被证明是延长动物寿命或延迟其生理功能退化最强有力的干预办法 。由于 CR 涉及许多交叉或重叠细胞信号,因此很难肯定地确定其潜在的生物学效应或机理。基于出芽酿酒酵母的研究,曾揭示出 CR 延长细胞寿命、需要经由沉默调节蛋白 Sir2 的活化, Sir2 属于细胞保守的 NAD + 依赖型脱乙酰酶家族 。虽然 Sir2 对 CR 的抗衰老效果是否直接起作用还不清楚,但是在哺乳动物中过表达 Sirt1 、这一 Sir2 的同源物,可以保护老鼠免受类似于 2 型糖尿病、癌症、阿耳茨海默氏病等与衰老相关疾病表型出现及其所造成的伤害 。 CR 和沉默调节蛋白 sirtuin 对模式动物健康的积极疗效,激发人们开发出 Sirt1 的小分子活化剂来预防或延缓衰老相关疾病。体外荧光标记试验、已筛选并鉴定出白藜芦醇是 Sirt1 脱乙酰基酶活性的激活剂 。白藜芦醇是植物在响应环境胁迫时产生的一种天然多酚化合物,存在于很多植物性食物里,最著名的是红酒。后来,人们研究发现白藜芦醇能够延长低等真核生物的寿命 。这一发现为检测白藜芦醇,在哺乳动物体内是否起 CR 类似的作用创造了条件。在老鼠体内,长期服用白藜芦醇所诱导的基因表达模式、与 CR 诱导的基因表达模式类似,尽管未能延长寿命、却延缓了生理功能的衰老 。白藜芦醇可以使啮齿动物免受喂食高热量食物引起的肥胖、以及 胰岛素抵抗症发生所造成的伤害 。 白藜芦醇也能够减轻 2 型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗病症状,这暗示 白藜芦醇的 “ 靶 ” 途径对于发展 2 型糖尿病的治疗方法很重要 。 尽管以老鼠等为模式生物的研究,证实白藜芦醇对抗衰老代谢的调节效应, 表现为增强 Sirt1 和 PGC-1α (过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 辅激活子 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α , PGC-1α )活性 。但是,有两项研究结果表明,白藜芦醇不是 Sirt1 的直接活化因子。其一,是白藜芦醇虽可以在体内条件下激活 Sirt1 ,但是体外试验则不然 。其二,是白藜芦醇在体内条件下能够激活 AMPK 。 AMPK 是一个三聚体复合物,能够通过 “ 感应 ”AMP/ATP 和 ADP/ATP 这两个比例关系,来 “ 感知 ” 养分损失 。 AMPK 还是一个全身性的关键代谢功能调节剂,已知它可以增加氧化型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶 I , NAD + )的水平,并可激活 Sirt1 和 PGC-1α 。尽管 NAD + 和 Sirt1 活化之间的直接因果关系还未建立起来,但是已有研究证实二者都位于白藜芦醇激活 AMPK 信号途径的下游 。 2. 白藜芦醇对抗衰老细胞信号转导途径的调节作用 2. 1 白藜芦醇活化 AMPK 依赖于 Epac1 白藜芦醇作为一种非 黄酮 类的 酚 类物质,天然存在于很多植物中,生物胁迫条件下是植物为了抵御病菌入侵而产生的一种抗毒型物质 。白藜芦醇健康功效的研究目前在国内外都是主流热潮项目,主要方向包括延长寿命、抗癌、抗心血管疾病等。 近日, Park 等 完成了一项重要研究,解析了白藜芦醇抗衰老细胞信号转导途径。 Fig. 1 The molecular structure of Resveratrol 图 1 白藜芦醇分子结构式 在开始研究之初,研究者受白藜芦醇能够使环腺苷酸 (Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate, cAMP) 含量增加这一结论的启发 ,发现低剂量白藜芦醇 ( ≤ 50 μ M) 能使小鼠体内 c2c12 肌小管细胞和 白色脂肪组织细胞 (white adipose tissue, WAT) cAMP 含量均上升。用 腺苷酰环化酶( adenylyl cyclase, AC )抑制剂 MDL-12,330A 和 白藜芦醇同时处理肌小管细胞和 HeLa 细胞,结果表明 白藜芦醇引发的 cAMP 上升、是造成 AMPK 活化的原因。这一发现显示, cAMP 信号为白藜芦醇激活 AMPK 所必需。 在大多数细胞内, cAMP 信号受两组 效应物 所介导:蛋白激酶 A ( protein kinase A , PKA ),和 鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换 因子 ( cAMP-GEFs, Epac1, Epac2 ) 。为了确定哪一个效应物响应了 白藜芦醇对 AMPK 的活化作用,研究者使用了 siRNA 干扰方法,结果显示是 Epac1 参与了 白藜芦醇对 AMPK 的激活过程。 由于 Epac1 能够起 鸟 苷 酸 交换因子 ( Guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GEFs) 的作用,所以可以 催化小 G- 蛋白家族成员 Rap1 和 Rap2 由 GDP 结合态向 GTP 结合状态转变 。为了证明是 白藜芦醇增强了 Epac1 的活性、活化的 Epac1 又进而提高了 Rap1GTP 结合态的水平,研究者使用了体外 pull-down 双杂交试验,结果表明 白藜芦醇确实可以增加肌小管细胞 Rap1GTP 含量。 使用 Epac1 的激动剂 007 处理 肌小管细胞足以提高 AMPK 和其底物乙酰 辅酶 A 羧化酶 ( acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC )的磷酸化水平。研究者的试验还表明,白藜芦醇也不能直接激活 Epac1 。 2. 2 白藜芦醇通过 Epac1 提高辅酶 I 的水平 由于 AMPK 能够增加的 NAD + 水平、增强 Sirt1 的活性 ,研究者探讨了白藜芦醇增加 NAD + 水平是否具有 Epac1 依赖性问题。使用 Epac1 的 siRNA 进行 RNAi 试验、结合 Sirt1 对 PGC-1α 去乙酰化作用的 免疫印迹和免疫沉淀试验,结果显示 白藜芦醇提高 NAD + 水平、增强 Sirt1 的活性,均具有 Epac1 依赖性。研究者使用 Epac1 激动剂处理 肌小管,结果表明活化的 Epac1 能够促进线粒体的合成。 2. 3 白藜芦醇经由 PLC-Ryr2 活化 CamKK β -AMPK AMPK 的活化之前需要由上游激酶信号分子催化其进行自身磷酸化作用,这两类对 AMPK 起磷酸化催化作用激酶分别是 LKB1 和 CamKKβ ( calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase , CamKKβ ) 。研究者使用 Ca 2+ 螯合剂 BAPTA-AM 和 CamKK 抑制剂 STO609 预处理 肌小管,结果表明二者均能够减少低浓度 白藜芦醇处理后引起的 AMPK 和 ACC 磷酸化上升,这显示低浓度白藜芦醇激发的 AMPK 和 ACC 磷酸化具有 CamKKβ 依赖性。研究者抑制剂试验进一步表明,白 藜芦醇需要经由 Epac1 来活化 CamKKβ-AMPK 信号途径。 由于 Epac1 可以通过磷脂酶 C (phospholipase, PLC) 来增加细胞浆 Ca 2+ 浓度,研究人员用 PLC 抑制剂 U73122 预处理肌小管,发现该处理显著降低了白藜芦醇诱导的细胞浆 Ca 2+ 浓度增加。一旦 Epac 活化, 利阿诺定受体 2 (ryanodine receptor 2, Ryr2) 即被磷酸化、进而促进内质网 / 肌质网向胞浆释放 Ca 2+ 。 研究者发现,在有 Ryr2 抑制剂存在的情况下, 白藜芦醇刺激的 AMPK 和 ACC 磷酸化作用受到抑制。抑制剂试验还显示,另一个 内质网 / 肌质网 Ca 2+ 释放通道、 三磷酸肌醇受体没有参与 白藜芦醇诱导的细胞浆 Ca 2+ 信号。 研究者还用 Epac1 的 siRNA 进行干扰试验,结果表明 白藜芦醇只有在 Epac1 活化情况下,才能诱导 Ryr2 产生磷酸化作用。这些发现表明,白藜芦醇活化 CamKKβ-AMPK 信号需经由 PLC-Ryr2 途径。 2. 4 白藜芦醇通过抑制 PDEs 活性来增加细胞 cAMP 水平 细胞内 cAMP 的水平取决于腺苷酸环化酶 ( adenyl cyclase, ACs) 和 环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶 ( cyclic nucleotide phophodiesterases , PDEs) 的活性。前者催化由 ATP 生成 cAMP 的合成反应,后者催化 cAMP 或 cGMP 水解为 AMP 或 GMP 。研究者测定了 3 种类型的代表性 ACs ,发现 白藜芦醇对其活性没有影响。这一结果暗示,白藜芦醇提高细胞 cAMP 的水平,是通过抑制 PDEs 的活性来实现。 PDE 家族有 11 个成员,它们各自有相对专一性的底物。 PDE4 、 PDE7 、 PDE8 选择性水解 cAMP , PDE5 、 PDE6 、 PDE9 选择性水解环鸟苷酸 cGMP ( cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cGMP ), PDE1 , PDE2 , PDE3 , PDE10 和 PDE11 能够水解不同浓度的 cAMP 或 cGMP 。 PDE 家族成员在每个细胞都表达,研究者测定了 白藜芦醇对重组 PDEs 活性的影响,结果表明白藜芦醇抑制 PDE1 、 PDE3 、 PDE4 的活性,但是对 PDE2 和 PDE5 没有影响。研究者的试验还表明,在低浓度情况下 白藜芦醇通过与 cAMP 竞争性结合 PDE3 上的 酶位点来实现对其活性的抑制作用,其规律符合米氏方程。 2. 5 白藜芦醇经由抑制 PDEs 而活化 AMPK 促进线粒体合成 研究者的 肌小管抑制剂 试验表明, PDE4 和 PDE3 对基态时 PDEs 总活性的贡献率分别达 76% 和 18% 。 为了进一步验证体外白藜芦醇对 PDEs 抑制作用的试验结果, Park 等 使用了遗传学方法。已有报道, PDE4 的上游保守结构域 (upstream conserved regions, UCRs) ,会增加其对竞争性抑制剂的敏感性。而仅有催化结构域、但是 UCRs 缺失的 PDE4 对竞争性抑制剂却有抗性 。研究者发现 PDE4 的 UCRs 对于白藜芦醇发挥抑制作用至关重要,因为缺失 UCRs 的 PDE4 活性被抑制一半时、抑制剂白藜芦醇的 IC 50 要高出 PDE4 含完全序列时 2.4 倍。如果 白藜芦醇是因抑制 PDE4 而活化 ACC 和 AMPK ,相同情况下、在白藜芦醇诱导 ACC 和 AMPK 磷酸化肌小管细胞内,所表达的 PDE4 催化结构域应当少于其全长结构域,研究者用试验证实了这一点。 如果白藜芦醇的代谢效果源于其对 PDEs 的抑制作用,那么已知 PDEs 抑制剂的代谢效应就会与白藜芦醇相似。用 PDE4 抑制剂 rolipram 处理肌小管细胞,实验结果的确如此。 为了证实 rolipram 在活的有机体内是否能再现与白藜芦醇相同的代谢效应,研究者在用药物处理的同时、给小鼠喂食高脂肪食物。 12-14 周以后,分离小鼠肌肉组织,测定 AMPK, 一氧化氮合成酶 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase , eNOS) , PGC-1 等对线粒体生物合成起重要作用的酶 mRNA 的水平,均显著高于对照水平。而且,经处理的小鼠线粒体含量也明显高于对照。塌车实验表明,处理的小鼠的耐力也显著高于对照。这些结果表明, rolipram 与白藜芦醇对线粒体有相似的代谢效应。 2. 6 对 PDE 的 抑制作用可防止 饮食引起 的 肥胖和葡萄糖耐受 性不良 白藜芦醇与 rolipram 相似代谢效应试验进一步扩展到了白色脂肪组织。研究者给小鼠喂食 12-14 周高脂肪食物的同时,在食物中添加适量白藜芦醇或 rolipram ,结果表明 AMPK 和 ACC 的磷酸化水平均高于对照。研究着试验发现,经 rolipram 处理的小鼠对因摄食高脂肪引起的体重增加有耐受性、并且脂肪含量也较低。这表明,与对照相比, rolipram 可以增加小鼠身体的代谢效率。其原因是, rolipram 与白藜芦醇和 Epac 激动剂相似,均可以增加机体的耗氧量、以及肌小管的脂肪氧化。 研究者测定耗氧量发现,经 rolipram 处理的小白鼠体力没有受到影响,但是耗氧量的确增加了,这显示 rolipram 增加了机体的 基础代谢率。与此结果一致的是,禁食状态下与对照相比, rolipram 与白藜芦醇增加了受处理小鼠的体温。 PGC-1α 能增强机体对 ROS (reactive oxygen species, ROS ) 的清除能力。与此相符, 经 rolipram 处理的小白鼠 PGC-1α 基因表达水平较高、 ROS 水平较低。考虑到以上结果,研究者预计 rolipram 会增强小白鼠葡萄糖耐受性,实验结果表明确实如此。 胰高血糖素样肽 -1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1) ,是由动物内脏分泌、具有抗糖尿病功能的活性因子。 GLP-1 的类似物、以及能增加内源 GLP-1 产生的药物是治疗 2 型糖尿病的部分方法。 GLP-1 的基因表达受 cAMP 的正调控、而且还可以在因 rolipram 与白藜芦醇对 PDEs 其抑制作用时受诱导表达 。为了支持这一观点,研究者发现,经 rolipram 或白藜芦醇处理的小鼠,其血清 GLP-1 含量几乎增加了 20% 。总之,这些结果显示, rolipram 与白藜芦醇均可以经由包括激素调控等多种机制来预防 2 型糖尿病。 3. 白藜芦醇代谢效应的研究意义和展望 3.1 白藜芦醇通过 cAMP 信号网络产生生物学效应 cAMP 信号十分复杂,其作用的发挥依赖于所活化的效应物、亚细胞结构和细胞类型等。 cAMP 是关键的代谢调控介导物, PDEs 靶标 的鉴定 解释了白藜芦醇 可以发挥 CR 方面的作用。 白藜芦醇通过活化 Epac1 而增加 cAMP 的含量,可以诱导本属于 CR 信号的途径发生转导 。 PDE4 抑制剂对健康的益处,诸如增强记忆、预防衰老相关疾病,已在动物模型中得到证实。所以, PDE4 抑制剂可以用来治疗人类代谢疾病和衰老相关疾病。 Fig.2 Network Schematic diagram of Resveratrol anti-aging Cell signal transduction. 图 2 : 白藜芦醇抗衰老作用细胞信号转导网络示意图 3.2 总结和展望 有关白藜芦醇的研究公布之后,有不少报道也夸大了这种物质的作用,认为可以通过摄取白藜芦醇,来达到减肥的作用,但是需要注意的是要达到白藜芦醇的作用剂量,不能通过红酒中一次摄取,因为要达到所需剂量每天需要喝几百瓶红酒,这样将会产生副作用。而且目前的研究主要限于小鼠等动物实验,并未在人体中有确实的证据。 一瓶红酒中的的白藜芦醇数量会由于葡萄种类及生长季节的不同而有所差异,一般而言,含量在 0.2 ~ 5.8 毫克 / 升不等。 Park 等用模式动物小鼠,对白藜芦醇抗衰老细胞信号途径的解析,为研究天然植物、特别是天然中药材抗衰老作用的生物学机理开辟了新的蹊径。 参考文献 Pearson K J, Baur JA, Lewis K N, Peshkin L, Price N L, Labinskyy N, Swindell W R, Kamara D, Minor R K, Perez E, et al. Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span. Cell Metab, 2008, 8: 157–168. Baur JA, Pearson K J, Price N L, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu V V, Allard J, Lopez-Lluch G., Lewis K, et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature, 2006, 444: 337–342. Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Meziane H, Lerin C, Daussin F, Messadeq N, Milne J, Lambert P, Elliott P, et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. Cell, 2006, 127: 1109–1122. Brasnyo P, Molna r G A, Moha s M, Marko L, Laczy B, Cseh J, Mikola s E, Szija rto I A., Me rei A., Halmai R., et al. Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. Br. J. Nutr, 2011, 106: 383–389. Park S J, Ahmad F, Philp A et al. Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting cAMP Phosphodiesterases. Cell, 2012, 148: 421–433. Lin J, Wu H, Tarr P T, et al. Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 alpha drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres. Nature, 2002, 418: 797–801. McCay C M, Crowell M F, and Maynard L A. The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. J Nutr, 1935.10: 63–79. Lin, S J, Defossez P A, and Guarente L. Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science, 2000, 289: 2126–2128. Guarente L. Sirtuins as potential targets for metabolic syndrome. Nature, 2006. 444: 868–874. Banks A S, Kon N, Knight C, Matsumoto M, Gutie rrez-Jua rez R., Rossetti L, Gu W, and Accili D. SirT1 gain of function increases energy efficiency and prevents diabetes in mice. Cell Metab, 2008, 8: 333–341. Pfluger P T, Herranz D, Velasco-Miguel S, Serrano M, and Tscho ¨ p M H. Sirt1 protects against high-fat diet-induced metabolic damage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105: 9793–9798. Herranz, D Munoz-Martin,M, Canamero M, Mulero, F Martinez-Pastor, B Fernandez-Capetillo O, and Serrano M. Sirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer. Nat. Commun. Published online April 12, 2010. 10.1038/ncomms1001. Donmez G, Wang D, Cohen D E, and Guarente L. SIRT1 suppresses beta-amyloid production by activating the alpha-secretase gene ADAM10. Cell, 2010, 142: 320–332. Howitz K T, Bitterman K J, Cohen H Y, Lamming D W, Lavu S, Wood J G, Zipkin R E, Chung P, Kisielewski A, Zhang L L, et al. Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae life span. Nature, 2003, 425: 191–196. Signorelli P, and Ghidoni R.. Resveratrol as an anticancer nutrient: molecular basis, open questions and promises. J Nutr. Biochem, 2005, 16: 449–466. Gruber J, Tang S Y, and Halliwell B. Evidence for a trade-off between survival and fitness caused by resveratrol treatment of Caenorhabditis elegans. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci, 2007, 1100: 530–542. Viswanathan M, Kim S K, Berdichevsky A, and Guarente L. A role for SIR-2.1 regulation of ER stress response genes in determining C. elegans life span. Dev. Cell, 2005, 9: 605–615. Woods A, Dickerson K, Heath R, Hong S P, Momcilovic M., Johnstone, S R, Carlson, M., and Carling, D. Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta acts upstreamof AMP-activated protein kinase inmammalian cells. Cell Metab, 2005, 2: 21–33. Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Meziane H, Lerin C, Daussin F, Messadeq N, Milne J, Lambert P, Elliott P, et al. (2006). Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. Cell, 2006, 127: 1109–1122. Um J H, Park S J, Kang H, Yang S, Foretz M, McBurney M W, Kim M K, Viollet B, and Chung J H. AMP-activated protein kinase-deficient mice are resistant to the metabolic effects of resveratrol. Diabetes, 2010, 59: 554–563. Beher D, Wu J, Cumine S, Kim K W, Lu S C, Atangan L, and Wang M. Resveratrol is not a direct activator of SIRT1 enzyme activity. Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 2009, 74: 619–624. Pacholec M, Bleasdale J E, Chrunyk B, Cunningham D, Flynn D, Garofalo R S, Griffith D, Griffor M, Loulakis P, Pabst B, et al. SRT1720, SRT2183, SRT1460, and resveratrol are not direct activators of SIRT1. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285: 8340–8351. Canto C, Jiang L Q, Deshmukh A S, Mataki C, Coste A, Lagouge M, Zierath J R, and Auwerx J. Interdependence of AMPK and SIRT1 formetabolic adaptation to fasting and exercise in skeletalmuscle. Cell Metab. 2010, 11: 213–219. Carling D, Zammit V A, and Hardie D G. A common bicyclic protein kinase cascade inactivates the regulatory enzymes of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 1987, 223: 217–222. Xiao B, Sanders M J, Underwood E, Heath R, Mayer F V, Carmena D, Jing C, Walker P A, Eccleston J F, Haire L F, et al. Structure of mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP. Nature, 2011, 472: 230–233. Canto C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Feige J N, Lagouge M, Noriega L.,Milne J C, Elliott P J, Puigserver P, and Auwerx J. AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD + metabolism and SIRT1 activity. Nature, 2009, 458: 1056–1060. El-Mowafy A M, and Alkhalaf M. Resveratrol activates adenylyl-cyclase in human breast cancer cells: a novel, estrogen receptor-independent cytostatic mechanism. Carcinogenesis, 2003, 24, 869–873. de Rooij J, Zwartkruis F J, Verheijen M H, Cool R H, Nijman S M, Wittinghofer A, and Bos J L. Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP. Nature, 1998, 396: 474–477. Kawasaki H, Springett G M, Mochizuki N, Toki S, Nakaya M, Matsuda M, Housman D E, and Graybiel A M. A family of cAMP-binding proteins that directly activate Rap1. Science, 1998, 282: 2275–2279. Fulco M, Cen Y, Zhao P, Hoffman E P, McBurney M W, Sauve A A, and Sartorelli V. Glucose restriction inhibits skeletal myoblast differentiation by activating SIRT1 through AMPK-mediated regulation of Nampt. Dev. Cell, 2008, 14: 661–673. Hawley S A, Boudeau J, Reid J L, Mustard K J, Udd L, Ma ¨ kela ¨ T P, Alessi D R, and Hardie D G. Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRAD alpha/beta and MO25 alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade. J. Biol., 2003, 2: 28. Woods A, Johnstone S R, Dickerson K, Leiper F C, Fryer L G, Neumann D, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Carlson M, and Carling D. LKB1 is the upstream kinase in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade. Curr. Biol, 2003, 13: 2004–2008. Hawley, S.A., Pan, D.A.,Mustard, K.J., Ross, L., Bain, J., Edelman, A.M., Frenguelli, B.G., and Hardie D G. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Metab. 2005, 2: 9–19. Hurley R L, Anderson K A, Franzone J M, Kemp B E, Means A R, and Witters L A. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280: 29060–29066. Wehrens X H, Lehnart S E, Reiken S R, and Marks A R. Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation regulates the cardiac ryanodine receptor. Circ. Res. 2004, 94: e61–e70. Burgin A B, Magnusson O T, Singh J, Witte P, Staker B L, Bjornsson J M, Thorsteinsdottir M, Hrafnsdottir S, Hagen T, Kiselyov A.S, et al. Design of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) allosteric modulators for enhancing cognition with improved safety. Nat. Biotechnol, 2010, 28, 63–70. Gevrey J C, Cordier-Bussat M, Ne moz-Gaillard E, Chayvialle J A., and Abello J. Co-requirement of cyclic AMP- and calcium-dependent protein kinases for transcriptional activation of cholecystokinin gene by protein hydrolysates. J. Biol. Chem, 2002, 277: 22407–22413.
Introduction Almost every one of us who are programming in VC++ , will come across the List control. There are many cases where there is a need to represent data in List Control in multiple columns. By default it is not possible to modify the data in the List control itself. In this small article I am putting a simple way to edit any value in any column in a Report style List control. The logic here is simple, whenever user clicks on an sub-item which he wants to modify at that place I am displaying a edit box and allowing to modify the value. Once modified and by clicking the ENTER key, the updated value is set in the List control. Here I am assuming the user is familiar with VC++ and using Class Wizard Implementation steps: Using MFC AppWizard, create a Dialog Based application. Give the application name as MultipleColumns. By default the wizard adds OK and Cancel buttons to the Dialog, Remove these two buttons. Now Add a List-Control and in properties change the style to Report, this style is necessary if we want multiple columns Add two buttons to the Dialog and name them as OK and Exit Add one Edit box and in the properties remove the Border style Using the Class Wizard add the message handlers for the OK and Exit Buttons. Add the following code to those functions void CMultipleColumnsDlg::OK() { CDialog::EndDialog ( 0 ); // Add this line } void CMultipleColumnsDlg::OnExit() { CDialog::EndDialog ( 0 ); // Add this line } Add a function called InsertItems() to the CMulipleColumnsDlg class. void InsertItems(); In the function handler add the following code // This function inserts the default values // into the listControl void CMultipleColumnsDlg::InsertItems() { HWND hWnd = ::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd, IDC_LIST1); // Set the LVCOLUMN structure with the required // column information LVCOLUMN list; list.mask = LVCF_TEXT |LVCF_WIDTH| LVCF_FMT |LVCF_SUBITEM; list.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT; list.cx = 50 ; list.pszText = " S.No" ; list.iSubItem = 0 ; // Inserts the column ::SendMessage(hWnd,LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, (WPARAM) 0 ,(WPARAM)list); list.cx = 100 ; list.pszText = " Name" ; list.iSubItem = 1 ; ::SendMessage(hWnd ,LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, (WPARAM) 1 ,(WPARAM)list); list.cx = 100 ; list.pszText = " Address" ; list.iSubItem = 2 ; ::SendMessage(hWnd ,LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, (WPARAM) 1 ,(WPARAM)list); list.cx = 100 ; list.pszText = " Country" ; list.iSubItem = 2 ; ::SendMessage(hWnd ,LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, (WPARAM) 1 ,(WPARAM)list); // Inserts first Row with four columns . SetCell(hWnd, " 1" , 0 , 0 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Prabhakar" , 0 , 1 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Hyderabad" , 0 , 2 ); SetCell(hWnd, " India" , 0 , 3 ); // Inserts second Row with four columns . SetCell(hWnd, " 2" , 1 , 0 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Uday" , 1 , 1 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Chennai" , 1 , 2 ); SetCell(hWnd, " India" , 1 , 3 ); // Inserts third Row with four columns . SetCell(hWnd, " 3" , 2 , 0 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Saradhi" , 2 , 1 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Bangolore" , 2 , 2 ); SetCell(hWnd, " India" , 2 , 3 ); // Inserts fourth Row with four columns . SetCell(hWnd, " 4" , 3 , 0 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Surya" , 3 , 1 ); SetCell(hWnd, " Calcutta" , 3 , 2 ); SetCell(hWnd, " India" , 3 , 3 ); } Add another function called SetCell( ) to the CMultipleColumnsDlg class void SetCell(HWND hWnd1, CString value, int nRow, int nCol); In the function handler add the following code // This function set the text in the specified // SubItem depending on the Row and Column values void CMultipleColumnsDlg::SetCell(HWND hWnd1, CString value, int nRow, int nCol) { TCHAR szString ; wsprintf(szString,value , 0 ); // Fill the LVITEM structure with the // values given as parameters. LVITEM lvItem; lvItem.mask = LVIF_TEXT; lvItem.iItem = nRow; lvItem.pszText = szString; lvItem.iSubItem = nCol; if (nCol 0 ) // set the value of listItem ::SendMessage(hWnd1,LVM_SETITEM, (WPARAM) 0 ,(WPARAM)lvItem); else // Insert the value into List ListView_InsertItem(hWnd1,lvItem); } Add one more function called GetItemText() to the same Class CString GetItemText(HWND hWnd, int nItem, int nSubItem) const ; Inside the function add the following code // this function will returns the item // text depending on the item and SubItem Index CString CMultipleColumnsDlg::GetItemText( HWND hWnd, int nItem, int nSubItem) const { LVITEM lvi; memset(lvi, 0 , sizeof (LVITEM)); lvi.iSubItem = nSubItem; CString str; int nLen = 128 ; int nRes; do { nLen *= 2 ; lvi.cchTextMax = nLen; lvi.pszText = str.GetBufferSetLength(nLen); nRes = ( int )::SendMessage(hWnd, LVM_GETITEMTEXT, (WPARAM)nItem, (LPARAM)lvi); } while (nRes == nLen- 1 ); str.ReleaseBuffer(); return str; } Also add two member variables to the CMultipleColumnsDlg class which are of type int int nItem, nSubItem; From the Class wizard add NM_CLICK notification to the List control. Inside the function handler write the following code // This function Displays an EditBox at the position // where user clicks on a particular SubItem with // Rectangle are equal to the SubItem, thus allows to // modify the value void CMultipleColumnsDlg::OnClickList( NMHDR* pNMHDR, LRESULT* pResult) { Invalidate(); HWND hWnd1 = ::GetDlgItem (m_hWnd,IDC_LIST1); LPNMITEMACTIVATE temp = (LPNMITEMACTIVATE) pNMHDR; RECT rect; // get the row number nItem = temp-iItem; // get the column number nSubItem = temp-iSubItem; if (nSubItem == 0 || nSubItem == -1 || nItem == -1) return ; // Retrieve the text of the selected subItem // from the list CString str = GetItemText(hWnd1,nItem , nSubItem); RECT rect1,rect2; // this macro is used to retrieve the Rectanle // of the selected SubItem ListView_GetSubItemRect(hWnd1,temp-iItem, temp-iSubItem,LVIR_BOUNDS,rect); // Get the Rectange of the listControl ::GetWindowRect(temp-hdr.hwndFrom,rect1); //Get the Rectange of the Dialog GetClientRect(rect2); ClientToScreen(rect2); int x = rect1.left - rect2.left; int y = rect1.top - rect2.top; if(nItem!= -1) ::SetWindowPos(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1), HWND_TOP, x + rect.left + 6, y + rect.top + 2, rect.right - rect.left - 1, rect.bottom - rect.top - 1, NULL); ::ShowWindow(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1),SW_SHOW); ::SetFocus(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1)); // Draw a Rectangle around the SubItem ::Rectangle(::GetDC(temp-hdr.hwndFrom), rect.left,rect.top-1,rect.right,rect.bottom); // Set the listItem text in the EditBox ::SetWindowText(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1),str); *pResult = 0 ; } To handle the ENTER key we need to write the virtual function OnOk in the MultipleColumnsDlg.h, so add the following as protected member : afx_msg void OnOK(); In MultipleColumnsDlg.cpp write the following code. // This function handles the ENTER key void CMultipleColumnsDlg::OnOK() { CWnd* pwndCtrl = GetFocus(); // get the control ID which is // presently having the focus int ctrl_ID = pwndCtrl-GetDlgCtrlID(); CString str; switch (ctrl_ID) { // if the control is the EditBox case IDC_EDIT1: // get the text from the EditBox GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT1,str); // set the value in the listContorl with the // specified Item SubItem values SetCell(::GetDlgItem (m_hWnd,IDC_LIST1), str,nItem,nSubItem); ::SendDlgItemMessage(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1, WM_KILLFOCUS, 0 , 0 ); ::ShowWindow(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1), SW_HIDE); break ; default : break ; } } The last step in the implementation is add the following code in side the OnInitDialog function // Set the style to listControl ListView_SetExtendedListViewStyle(::GetDlgItem (m_hWnd,IDC_LIST1),LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT | LVS_EX_GRIDLINES); InsertItems(); ::ShowWindow(::GetDlgItem(m_hWnd,IDC_EDIT1),SW_HIDE); Conclusion With this I will hope , it will give an idea to edit any sub items in a List control. 转自 http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1124/Editing-Sub-Items-in-List-Control , 其中bug已修正!
http://www.newsmth.net/pc/pccon.php?id=7712nid=277472pid=0tag=0tid=15542 Re: LZ10014 Electronic structure of Raman excited virtual states by Chao Fang and Guozhen Wu Dr. Chao Fang Molecular + Nano Sciences Lab. Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, CHINA Dear Dr. Fang, The editors acknowledge receipt of this manuscript on 1 December 2006 and will consider it for publication in Physical Review Letters. When sending correspondence regarding this manuscript please refer to the code number LZ10014. We understand your submission of this manuscript to certify the following: - The paper represents original work of the listed authors. - The manuscript as presented accurately reflects the scientific results. - All of the authors made significant contributions to the concept, design, execution, or interpretation of the research study. - All those who made significant contributions were offered the opportunity to be listed as authors. - All of the listed authors are aware of and agree to the submission of this manuscript. - The manuscript has not been published, and is not now and will not be under consideration by another journal while it is considered here. - As part of the submission, the authors have provided any relevant information to the editors (e.g., information about recent relevant unpublished manuscripts by the authors). - The authors accept the established procedures for selecting manuscripts for publication. Information concerning the processing of this manuscript will be sent as soon as possible. To obtain current information regarding the status of your manuscript, you may consult the Author Status Inquiry System at http://authors.aps.org/STATUS/ . Please check the attached information and send us any corrections. The title, section, or PACS categories may have been changed from those provided by you on submission for editorial reasons. Please supply any missing information, and note any special reminders or requests below or enclosed. The following forms also need to be completed and returned to this office: Copyright transfer Yours sincerely, Journal Services Physical Review Letters Email: prl@ridge.aps.org Fax: 631-591-4141 http://prl.aps.org/ Please verify the following information and notify the Editorial office of any corrections: Code number: LZ10014 Journal: PRLetters Letter Received: 1 December 2006 Section: (L3-30B) Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Additional note(s): PACS: 33.20.Fb 36.20.Ng Complete PACS listings can be obtained via the World Wide Web, use the following URL: http://publish.aps.org/PACS/pacsgen.html Address: Dr. Chao Fang Molecular + Nano Sciences Lab. Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, CHINA Email: exceedfang@gmail.com Phone: 011+86-010-6278-3136 ext.206 Fax: 011+86-010-6278-1604 Title: Electronic structure of Raman excited virtual states Collaboration: 2 Author(s): Chao Fang, Guozhen Wu IMPORTANT: We cannot publish your manuscript without the following information: We have yet to receive a valid copyright form for this manuscript. Copyright can be transferred via a simple web interface as part of the electronic (re)submission process ( http://authors.aps.org/ESUB ). Alternatively, the Copyright Transfer form is available for download at: http://forms.aps.org/author/copytrnsfr.pdf Please see the following forms: http://forms.aps.org/author/copynotice.pdf Copyright notice to author http://forms.aps.org/author/copytrnsfr.pdf Copyright Transfer form - Physical Review (Copy included) http://forms.aps.org/author/prorprl.pdf Physical Review or Physical Review Letters? FORM: COPYTRNSFR------------------------------------------------------ copytrnsfr 1/06 ___LZ10014____ Manuscript Number THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY The following transfer agreement must be signed and returned to the APS Editorial Office, 1 Research Road, Box 9000, Ridge, NY 11961-9000 before the manuscript can be published}. For further information about APS policies and practices regarding copyright, see http://forms.aps.org/author/copyfaq.html . Article Title: Electronic structure of Raman excited virtual states Names of All Authors: Chao Fang, Guozhen Wu TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT Copyright to the above-listed unpublished and original article submitted by the above author(s), the abstract forming part thereof, and any subsequent errata (collectively, the ``Article'') is hereby transferred to the American Physical Society (APS) for the full term thereof throughout the world, subject to the Author Rights (as hereinafter defined) and to acceptance of the Article for publication in a journal of APS. This transfer of copyright includes all material to be published as part of the Article (in any medium), including but not limited to tables, figures, graphs, movies, and other multimedia files. APS shall have the right to register copyright to the Article in its name as claimant, whether separately or as part of the journal issue or other medium in which the Article is included. The author(s), and in the case of a Work Made For Hire, as defined in the U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. S 101, the employer named below, shall have the following rights (the ``Author Rights''): (1) All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights. (2) The nonexclusive right, after publication by APS, to give permission to third parties to republish print versions of the Article or a translation thereof, or excerpts therefrom, without obtaining permission from APS, provided the APS-prepared version is not used for this purpose, the Article is not published in another journal, and the third party does not charge a fee. If the APS version is used, or the third party republishes in a publication or product charging a fee for use, permission from APS must be obtained. (3) The right to use all or part of the Article, including the APS-prepared version without revision or modification, on the author(s)' web home page or employer's website and to make copies of all or part of the Article for the author(s)' and/or the employer's use for lecture or classroom purposes. If a fee is charged for any use, APS permission must be obtained. (4) The right to post and update the Article on free-access e-print servers as long as files prepared and/or formatted by APS or its vendors are not used for that purpose. Any such posting made or updated after acceptance of the Article for publication shall include a link to the online abstract in the APS journal or to the entry page of the journal. If the author wishes the APS-prepared version to be used for an online posting other than on the author(s)' or employer's website, APS permission is required; if permission is granted, APS will provide the Article as it was published in the journal, and use will be subject to APS terms and conditions. (5) If the Article was prepared under a U.S. Government contract, the government shall have the rights under the copyright to the extent required by the contract. All copies of part or all of the Article made under any of the Author Rights shall include the appropriate bibliographic citation and notice of the APS copyright. By signing this Agreement, the author(s), and in the case of a Work Made For Hire, the employer, jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere in any form, except as provided herein. If each author's signature does not appear below, the signing author(s) represent that they sign this Agreement as authorized agents for and on behalf of all the authors, and that this Agreement and authorization is made on behalf of all the authors. The signing author(s) (and, in the case of a Work Made For Hire, the signing employer) also represent and warrant that they have the full power to enter into this Agreement and to make the grants contained herein. __________________________________________________________________________ Author's Signature Date __________________________________________________________________________ Name(s) (print) If the Article has been prepared as a Work Made For Hire, the transfer should be signed by both the employee (above) and the employer (below): __________________________________________________________________________ Employer __________________________________________________________________________ Authorized Signature(s) Name(s) (print) Title Date U.S. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES A work prepared by a U.S. Government officer or employee* as part of his or her official duties is not eligible for U.S. copyright. If at least one of the authors is not in this category, that author should sign the transfer Agreement above. If all the authors are in this category, one of the authors should sign below, and indicate his or her affiliation. ___________________________________________________________________________ Author's Signature Institution Date (e.g., Naval Research Laboratory, NIST) * Employees of national laboratories, e.g., Brookhaven National Laboratory, are not U.S. Government employees.
这回调侃一下科学网编辑 MM 。 俺很可能再度创造了科学网之最,一篇文章小红花两度上下。 昨天写了二篇关于农村子弟上重点大学的文章,第二篇是回应许小可先生的,在第二篇文章中俺强烈呼吁科学网精选这几篇文章供大家讨论,科学网采纳了我的建议。正在我为科学网对我“情有独钟”而自鸣得意之时,幸灾乐祸的刘立告诉我,小红花撤了,张鹏举博主也跟着起哄:“等得我红花儿都谢了”,呜呼哀哉,俺那个失落呀、丧气呀、伤心呀,差点没病狂。 今天一大早来到办公室,觉得前两篇文章中有些话没说透彻,便在上课前又写了一篇,下课回来一看,那朵被撤下的小红花又戴上了,俺喜不自胜,狠劲拿起酒壶喝了一大口,才发现原来是茶水。 我猜测,编辑 MM 之所以拿下那朵漂亮的小红花多半是被人抗议或者不愿意卷入博主的掐架事件中。编辑 MM 们是被人抗议怕了,满足了这位让那位不爽,满足了那位又让这位不爽。我那学生编辑批评编辑 MM 真的有点冤枉她们了,你以为是你在出版社或杂志做编辑呀?科学网编辑是世界上最不容易做的编辑,需要具备足够强大的心理承受能力,还得有一副好脾气,无论是冷嘲还是热讽都得安安静静地接着,真的是不容易。 不过没关系,我估摸着俺的个头比编辑 MM 们高,天塌下来了自有我这高个子顶着,你们何须担心? 虽然我也批评过你们精选不当,但你们还是按照自己的标准来衡量比较好。就说牛仔裤事件吧,我觉得精选一下也无伤大雅,虽说文章的内容有为老公做广告之嫌,但文字优美不失为遴选的标准之一,为什么就一定不可以精选?至于我抗议关于教授的那篇文章,那是我的一己之见,你们觉得该精选照样精选。正如我的那篇文章,即便观点完全错误,当做反面教材精选出来教育科学网大众有何不可?为啥就怕别人抗议? MM 你大胆地往前走,莫回头! MM 们,看到这篇文章后该不会再次撤下给俺戴的小红花吧? 最后,顺便提个建议,有网友希望恢复Latex的编辑功能,俺也赞同,俺现在不敢写数学科普文章,主要原因之一就是害怕输入既难看又费事的公式。
ALPSP (学术与专业学会出版者协会)有关期刊编辑培训的主题: l 为什么要发展期刊? l 期刊:从哪里来?到哪里去? l 期刊的要点:服务的对象,提供服务的内容与方式 l 期刊发展的含义,缘由及背景 l 变化:内容、与学界和科研的关系、生产及其他工作流程 l 与电子仓储的协同 l 不同的传播模式:基于技术和设计的增值 l 与社会的协同 l 改变商业模式 l 案例研究 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ http://www.alpsp.org/Ebusiness/Meetings/Meeting.aspx?ID=263 ALPSP Training: Journal Development 1: practical plans for improving journal success (1204JDV1) Wednesday 25th April 2012 Editorial Level 2 (2-3 Years' Experience) Said Business School, Park End Street, Oxford, OX1 1HP Tel: 01865 288847 (Map) Overview This workshop provides a practical introduction to the business of developing journals. The course is highly interactive and participants will undertake realistic exercises to familiarise themselves with methods of evaluating their current journal (or portfolio) and provide ideas on how they can introduce changes. Although familiarity with the scholarly publishing environment is required, part of the course will also involve discussion of the role of journals in today's research environment and will consider what threats and opportunities exist for current publishing models. Prices: Member 355.00 plus VAT (please log in for this price), Non Member 515.00 plus VAT Programme • Why develop journals • Where journals have come from and where they are going • What is the point of journals – who do they serve (and with what) • What does development mean, and why do it The big picture • Changes to content, to the relationships with academia and research, to production and other workflows • Working with repositories • Different dissemination models – adding value with technology and design • Working with communities • Changing business models • Case study Developing a development plan 1: Evaluation • Where you get your information • Using finance and feedback • Comparing competitors • Pulling it together into something useful (SWOT) 2: Objectives • Different levels of objectives • Identifying the key objective 3: The plan • Goals and actions • Getting buy-in • Reviewing and revising • Risk management • Case study Putting it into action: practical exercise
JMS-How torespondto reviewer’s comments--An example Generally, most manuscripts need revision before they are formally published. Authors are usually required to respond to each item of remark (comment) and revision suggestion in a separate document, and mark the revised parts in different colors in the revised manuscript. If the manuscript has additionalchanges besides the reviewers’ and editors’ requirements, it’s better to be listed too. Here I present an example to show how to respond to each comment or suggestion. @@_____@@@____@@@ Dear Sir, Thank you for the opportunity to respond to suggested edits on manuscript “11-XXXX”.We have carefully considered each element of the very thorough and helpful review, and we respond to each in the remainder of this document. In addition, we have conducted substantial revision of the grammar and expressions in this manuscript to bring it up to a general standard for peer-reviewed literature in the English-speaking world. Please see below for specific editorial comments from your team (in italics), and our response to each editorial suggestion (in plain text). Please advise if we can be of any further assistance in the improvement and publication of this manuscript. Specific Editorial Comments and Author Responses Thank you for your excellent review. We are glad that the editor feels that the manuscript merits further consideration following a substantial revision of the document. We hope that this work may be published, and serve as a valuable contribution for creating awareness about the immediate need of hill restoration and conservation for sustainable natural resources management. I General Comments 1.Objectives of the manuscript should be specified in the introduction. We are agreed. Line 70-76- We have included objectives of the research in the introduction of the revised manuscript. 2.Public metric system should be consistently used throughout the manuscript. For instance, use km and m instead of mile and feet. Agreed. Line 90-108- We have revised and included km and m in the revised manuscript. 3.Section 3.2 is a review of a broader region, and therefore should either be deleted or be incorporated in the intro. Agreed. Line 35-45-Information from section 3.1 and 3.2 from previous manuscript are revised and now incorporated in introduction of the revised manuscript. II Specific Comments 1 .In 3.1, you stated that “Hilly areas are home to most of the armed confliction in the world as well as too many of the world’s poorest and least food secure populations”. Can you add your reference to this statement? Agreed. As the line is not related to the concept of the research, we have decided to delete the line. 2.Quantitative description of forest changes at the end of section 3.4.1 is very confusing. Can you use a figure or a diagram to represent these changes? Agreed. Line 152- 153- We have revised and included Table 1 to show the changes pattern of forest in quantitative number. 3.Please add page and line numbers to facilitate comments from reviewers. Thank you. We have incorporated page and line in the revised manuscript. Additional changes 1.Line 26- key words are changed, key words from the previous manuscript, Natural Resource depletion in hill and Threatened hill degraded site, are deleted. Hill restoration and conservation, DPSIR are incorporated in the revised manuscript. 2.Line 81-88- Methodology has been revised. DPSIR method is incorporated for system structuring of problem analysis in the hill area. 3. Line 28-303 - Structure of the revised manuscript has changed into four parts (1.Introduction, 2. Methodology, 3.Hill and mountain ecosystem of Bangladesh, 4. Analysis of natural resources in the hill areas of Bangladesh according to the DPSIR framework. 4.Line 141-157 - 4.2.1 Deforestation in the revised manuscript, are shortened from the last manuscript. Also recent publications are inserted. 5.Line 159- 173-4.2.2 Land degradation are also revised and shortened from the previous manuscript. 6.Line 217-303 –Suggestions for the future are revised as 4.5 Responses for integrated natural resources management. 7.Fig 1 is included to show the different elevations of hills in Chittagong and Chittagong hill tracts. 8. Fig 2 corresponds to causes consequences and responses of natural resources depletion in the hilly region are analyzed using DPSIR framework.
geneculture 2011-12-26 16:36 记得很多年前"5W1H"就是被视为学“问”的一条简捷的起始路径引入中国的。 geneculture 2011-12-26 12:19 对于"5W1H"这个框架,本人通常是这样来看待和应用的,即: 1.What?即:是什么?的问题,涉及“类”和“例”的性质判断的问题; 2.Why? 即:为什么?的问题,涉及“因”和“果”的关系判断的问题; 3.Who? 即:是谁?的问题,则涉及“你、我、他”等主体判断的问题; 4.Where?即:哪里?的问题, 涉及空间关系即具体在什么地方的问题; 5.When? 即:何时?的问题, 涉及时间关系即具体在什么时候的问题; 6.How? 即:怎么样?的问题,涉及具体途径即可采用什么方法的问题。 以上1、2、6三项用得多,因为,3、4、5三项通常会被具体嵌套在其中。 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=1557do=blogid=522041 附录 : 5W1H Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? www.jerichoschools.org/HS/teachers/lfischer/.../pencil.pdf - 文件格式: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - direct lead which should answer as many of the 5W 1H as possible. 5W1H . Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? ... important and create an inverted pyramid A Quick Guide to the ABC's of Good Journalism www.crfforum.org/downloads/Reporters_Handbook.pdf - 文件格式: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - The inverted pyramid puts the most newsworthy information in one or two ... 5W1H (see next page), the what, who, when, where, why, and how of the story in the ... 附录2 : Terms to Know: 5W1H: Always answer the who, what, why, where, when, and how of the news article. Lead: The opening of a story, usually a summary of the most important information. Headline: A title or attention grabber above the body of an article. The author of the story usually does not write the headline. Angle: A particular point of view or way of looking at a subject. Fact-checking: Checking that your facts are correct. Amy, Aymee, and Amie are all pronounced the same way and can be easily misspelled. Look up the names of specific people and places and anything else you are presenting as fact to be sure you are stating the truth. Read more on TeacherVision: http://www.teachervision.fen.com/journalism/resource/6042.html#ixzz1hd2Xbqal
为把科学和医学研究结果传播给大众,科学家和医师应了解各种论文类型以及何时和如何使用它们。很多读者对此已很熟悉,但也可能有人尚不清楚他们之间的区别程度。 论文种类方面最重要的区别在于原始文献和二手文献。原始文献是指原创性研究首次公开发表之处,这包括大多数期刊论文、会议文集和学位论文。原始文献中的信息经浓缩和整理形成的文献称为二次文献,包括课本、书籍章节、综述、索引和文摘服务以及其他各种形式的信息汇编。原始文献的作用是与更广泛的群体交流最新研究成果。二次文献的作用则在于把原始文献中的信息编辑整理成方便和易懂的格式。有些期刊两类论文都发表,此外还刊登特写、新闻和其他栏目;有些期刊可看作专门的一次期刊(只发表一次文献,即原创性研究成果);另外一些期刊则可看作二次期刊(专门发表综述)。在选择期刊和与期刊编辑建立关系的时候,应留意这些区别。当你在研究领域内已有一定建树后考虑发表综述的时候,这些区别也值得注意。 原创研究的期刊上的论文又分成多个类型;在开始构思论文的时候应了解他们之间的区别,因为某一类论文类型要比其他类型更适合你的工作。多数学术期刊在自己的网页公布其论文类型。可能的稿件类型包括以下几种: • 全长论文 • 快讯 • 短讯 • 读者来信 • 病例报告 • 技术或实验室短文 • 方法学 每种论文的格式都略有不同,这些都载于期刊的《稿约》。撰写稿件时请阅读《稿约》并严格遵守。如果你觉得自己的研究成果已达到发表标准,就要决定目标期刊(见“期刊选择”部分的注意事项)和论文类型。此时,你的“方法”和“结果”部分应该已经写好,因为这些部分在做试验时即可同步完成。除了标号、字体和图表数量还有待调整外,这两部分应该已可随时导入任何类别的论文。为确定哪种论文类型最合适,你需要自我评价一下自己的工作,请同事做个独立评价可能也有帮助。你是否有足够素材来写一篇全长论文?如果是,很好!如果否,短讯或读者来信可能会更合适。你的研究结果是否非常及时和让人兴奋?是否担心你的竞争者提前发表类似结果?如果是,您可能该考虑写一个快讯。不少期刊(如《Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications》专门发表这样的文章,并努力缩短见刊周期。 如果你拿不准哪一种论文格式或哪个期刊最适合你的工作,你投稿前随时可以向编辑咨询一下发表的可能性。很多期刊都提供这种服务;即使某期刊不提供此服务,只要你问得有礼貌,编辑照样可能会回复你。你的咨询应该简要介绍你希望发表的工作,并解释为何它很及时并与该刊的读者相关。此外,你应该提及你的论文可能有多少图表,以及每个图表说明什么信息。投稿前咨询与正式投稿(见“论文发表道德”部分的注意事项)不同,它可以同时发给多个期刊。如果你收到正面的回应,你就可以开始撰写“引言”、“讨论”和“摘要”,如有必要还要着手调整“方法”和“结果”部分。这种方法使您可以引用正确数量的参考文献(许多期刊/论文类型都对参考文献的数量做了限制),并且符合每一部分的字数限制,以避免重写已有文稿。 总之,重要的是要知道文献有不同的种类,每一种类之内又有哪些论文类型。此外,要诚实地评价你的工作并决定哪类论文是最适合的。要事先确定适当的目标期刊和论文类型;目标期刊的《稿约》涉及拟发表论文的类型,因此也要遵守其规定;这才能增加论文被接受的机会,缩短见刊周期。 英文原文: Publication types Scientists and clinicians, as producers of scientific and medical research findings for dissemination to the research community, need to be aware of the different publication types that exist and how and when to use them. Many of the different publication types will already be familiar, but some readers might not appreciate the extent of the variety. The most important distinction among publication types is that between the primary and secondary literature. The primary literature refers to the places in which original scientific research is first published in a publicly accessible document. This includes most journal papers, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations. The information published in the primary literature is later condensed and reorganized into the secondary literature, which includes textbooks, book chapters, review articles, indexing and abstracting services and various other forms of information compilation. The role of the primary literature is to share new findings with the broader community; the role of the secondary literature is to compile and organize the information in the primary literature into an easily accessible and understandable format. Some journals publish papers of both type, in addition to features, news and other sections, while some journals can be considered exclusively primary journals (that is, publishing solely primary literature, the results of original research) and others can be considered secondary journals (specializing in review articles). It is worthwhile being aware of this when choosing journals and establishing relationships with journal editors; it is also worthwhile thinking about possible review article themes when you have established some authority in your area of research. Among journals publishing primary research there is a great variety of publication types and it is helpful to be aware of these when starting to think about writing up your work, because one type of primary publication format might be more appropriate for your work than another. Most academic journals list the publication types they publish on their web pages. Some of the possible types of manuscript include the following: • Full-length papers • Rapid communications • Short communications • Letters to the editor • Case reports • Technical or Laboratory notes • Methods Each of these publication types will have a slightly different format that will be set out in the journal’s Guide for Authors. When preparing any manuscript, read the instructions in the Guide for Authors closely and follow them precisely. Once you are satisfied that you have sufficient findings to warrant publication, you need to decide on your target journal (see the chapter on journal selection) and the publication type. By this stage you may already have written up your methods and results sections, because this can be done while you are still performing your research and, with perhaps the exception of section numbering, font size and the allowable number of display items, these sections will be readily introducible into any publication type. To determine the best publication type for your work, you need to self-evaluate it. It may also be helpful to ask a colleague to evaluate it and provide an independent assessment. Is there sufficient material for you to write a full article? If so, great! If not, perhaps a short communication or letter would be more appropriate. Are the results particularly exciting and timely, or are you worried about a competitor publishing similar findings before you can? If so, you might want to consider writing a rapid communication article. A number of journals, for example Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, specialize in this type of article and strive to achieve a very short lag between acceptance of a manuscript and publication. If you are not sure what format or journal is best for your work, you can always send a journal editor a pre-submission enquiry. Many journals offer this facility, and even for those that don’t, the editors will likely reply to a polite enquiry about possible publication. Such an enquiry should contain a brief outline of the research you wish to publish and why it is particularly timely and of relevance to the readers of that journal. You should mention how many potential display items your paper will contain and what each of them shows. Unlike manuscript submissions (see the chapter on ethics), pre-submission enquiries can be sent to multiple journals simultaneously. When you receive a favorable response, you can proceed with writing the introduction, discussion and abstract, and reformatting the methods and results sections as appropriate. This approach enables you to use the correct amount of references (many journals/publication types have a limit on the number of references that can be included) and comply with section word limits, preventing the need for rewriting an existing manuscript. In summary, it is important to be aware of the different types of literature that exist and the variety of publication types within each class. It is also important to honestly evaluate your work to determine what publication type is most appropriate for your study. Determining the appropriate target journal and publication type in advance, and complying with the instructions set out in the Guide for Authors of the target journal, as they relate to the relevant publication type, will increase your chances of acceptance for publication and shorten the time from initial submission to acceptance. Dr Daniel McGowan 分子神经学博士 理文编辑学术总监
问题1:当Verification所有都pass的时候,仍然提示 Problem during compilation - ifort.exe not found in PATH 解决办法:找到ABAQUS安装目录下的Commands文件夹(例如D:\SIMULIA\Abaqus\Commands)下的abq6101.bat,右键,编辑此文件,插入下面这行使之成为第一行: 8 P+ O2 b$ W! R4 y6 U5 u @call "X:\yourdir\Intel\Compiler\Fortran\$version$\IA32\Bin\ifortvars.bat" ,例如我的是: - k) q; V/ ^: E @call "C:Program Files\Intel\Compiler\11.1\070\bin\ia32\ifortvars_ia32.bat" ' f9 G9 R% ^, C0 L ~" d/ Y$ d 问题4:当使用UMAT子程序,提交任务前进行Data Check出现以下错误提示 USER SUBROUTINE IS MISSING 解决办法:Edit job,设置子程序xx.for的路径。曾经出现不设置也能运算的情况,但系大部分情况下,不设置都会出现上述提示,反正设置好路径就不会错了。 问题5:出现收敛问题解决办法很多 2.更改tolerance,在step--other--general solution control(慎用) 3.如果刚度矩阵是非对称,一定要选择不对称,否则按对称算,就会出现问题 4.缩小initial 同 maximum 的step size 5.在step设置时增加damping 问题6: 同时调用多个子程序而job editor只能指定一个路径 You can specify only one user subroutine file in the job editor; if your analysis involves more than one user subroutine, you must combine the user subroutines into one file and then specify that file. 问题7:输出的应变应力是真实应变应力还是名义的应变应力? The stress measure used in Abaqus is Cauchy or “true” stress, which corresponds to the force per current area.For geometrically nonlinear analysis, a large number of different strain measures exist. Unlike “true” stress, there is no clearly preferred “true” strain. For the same physical deformation different strain measures will report different values in large-strain analysis. The optimal choice of strain measure depends on analysis type, material behavior, and (to some degree) personal preference. By default, the strain output in Abaqus/Standardis the “integrated” total strain (output variable E ). For large-strain shells, membranes, and solid elements in Abaqus/Standard two other measures of total strain can be requested: logarithmic strain (output variable LE ) and nominal strain (output variable NE ). Logarithmic strain (output variable LE ) is the default strain output in Abaqus/Explicit; nominal strain (output variable NE ) can be requested as well. The “integrated” total strain is not available in Abaqus/Explicit. 因此,缺省情况下,输出结果为真实应力(S)和真实应变(E/LE/NE) 另外,要理解好真实应力/应变和名义应力/应变的定义,不是所有的实验结果都必定以名义应力/应变给出,所以输入数据时,分清楚究竟需不需要进行转换。
好的读者成就好的作者。 在历次培训活动中,理文编辑一直鼓励作者积极阅读以提高自己的写作水平。今后,我们会陆续与大家共享一些生动有趣的科技英语文章以共勉。欢迎大家踊跃交流意见,分享阅读心得。 科技英语文章阅读会之: Unlock local research potential with open access 新闻来源:www.scidev.net
好的读者成就好的作者。 在历次培训活动中,理文编辑一直鼓励作者积极阅读以提高自己的写作水平。今后,我们会陆续与大家共享一些生动有趣的科技英语文章以共勉。欢迎大家踊跃交流意见,分享阅读心得。 科技英语文章阅读会之: China pushes to rule the waves 新闻来源:nature.com
今天早上,我看到何院士昨晚11:26时访问了我的博客,真不好意思。他前段时期,身体不太好,在住院治疗和康复疗养期间还给我们写了很多博文,十分感动和感激。 何院士今日博文 A Medical Experience (II) – My recovery http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=1565do=blogid=512682 xupeiyang 2011-11-29 06:46 何院士,您好。我才知道您住院了,您多多保重贵体,安心疗养,祝您早日康复。 博主回复(2011-11-29 07:34) : Thank you. 今年2月以来,我有问题请教何院士,他都及时给我回复,每次十分感动。 何毓琦 2011-8-16 11:22 Thank you for your good wishes 博主回复(2011-8-16 11:29) : Thank you very much. Good wishes for you. 何毓琦 2011-5-8 21:46 Dear Dr. Xu, By accident I came across your blog article 何毓琦院士研究论文被引用情况. Thank you very much. Y.C.Ho 博主回复(2011-5-13 13:04) : 何院士,您好。 2010年8月25日,我查阅了您的部分论著被引用情况,没有与您核实,不知是否准确?请您指正。 祝您身体健康,生活愉快。 博主回复(2011-5-12 13:32) : 何院士,祝您身体健康,生活快乐。 何毓琦 2011-2-11 10:55 Thank you for your new year greeting. Best wishes. Y.C. Ho 最近访问的好友 dsp2008 11月29日 crossludo 11月29日 wangfutao of the people, for the people, by the people.Not off the people, fool the people, buy the people 11月29日 dulizhi95 一篇博文伤害了多少人---我的做人原则 11月29日 zlyang 科学家出重要成果年龄变大 11月29日 xqhuang 北生所成功的标志是什么? 11月29日 sidneyamy 11月29日 sdczw 11月29日 shanbowei 直面事实--科学网排名竟然如此落后!!! 11月29日 何毓琦 院士 A Medical Experience (II) – My recovery 11月28日 airright 11月28日 wyc 鸿飞京城(书法) 11月28日 liuli66 周光召先生求解973存在定理 11月28日 pinjianlu 念奴娇·科研(仿赤壁怀古) 11月28日 Cocklebur 希望取消任务领取后的消息提醒 11月28日
我的那点儿 ” 总是有趣 ” 的编辑生涯 ( 二 ): 香槟+牛粪=白痴 (请勿转载) 在科学网看到不少关于审稿人的评论,里面就有提到阿甘正传里的阿甘的一句名言: Life is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you are gonna get ( 人生好比盒子里的巧克力,你永远不知道下面一颗是什么味道 ) 。其实不仅作者容易有这个感觉,我也经常有这种感觉。每天走进办公室或打开电脑,我都不知道会出现些什么突发状况,会收到什么样的稿件或申诉信,哪些审稿人会因为这样那样的原因不能按时交意见,甚至和哪位审稿人或作者的上一个邮件竟然会成了彼此最后一次的通信 …… 话说有一天我刚回到办公室,就看到助手发来了一个邮件。 我的这位助手是个憨厚的美国小伙,在大学读的是文学,到现在还抱怨我们的那些稿件读起来像天书一样。虽然不是搞科学的,但他处理起事情来那叫做一丝不苟,是绝对的“你办事我放心”。平常除了把稿件和审稿意见等打印出来交给我们,他和其他编辑助手还有两项大任务。一项任务我们叫“追踪”审稿人 ( chase the reviewers )。大家可能会想象不到为保证一个杂志的审稿速度,“追踪”审稿人,催促他们尽量按时交意见几乎可以是个全职工作,费神费时的同时还可以大幅增加一个杂志的开支(比如要添加更多的助手,还有那些经常打遍全世界的催交意见的电话等等)。有些杂志还把审稿人的审稿速度直接和责任编辑的工作成绩或效率挂钩,杯具,难道要我跳上飞机去逼他们交意见 不成?所以有时候作者和我抱怨:哎呀我等意见都等得望穿秋水啦,我说我也等得望穿秋水呢。大家同病相怜啊。 除了催审稿人,助手们另外一个重要任务是接听每天打到编辑部的各种电话,比如询问稿件状态的,甚至有些等得不耐烦要找人骂一骂的,或者忘了进网站的用户名或密码的,搞不清楚稿件要求的,在网站上卡壳了的,当然还有各种投诉的威胁的,五花八门。我们总半开玩笑说要做好他们的工作,情商一定要高,要能忍辱负重才成。 话说回来,那封助手发来的邮件, 我一看就认得主题一行里的稿件号码,是我前两天拒稿的一篇文章。打开邮件,里面只有短短的两行: “请你读这封邮件时不要生气。稿件号 #### 的作者 XXXX 刚才打电话来。他让我告诉你他正在写申诉信。他还让我告诉你你是白痴。” 我差点没有从办公椅上摔下来。先是一愣,继而大笑,一边笑一边想象助手写邮件时面有难色的样子。这算不算是特黑巧克力( super dark chocolate )? 后来我问他,作者让告诉我我是白痴的他就转达,那有没有作者就对他说“喂我告诉你,你们那位编辑是个白痴”,这种情况他会转达吗。助手一本正经地说:“这种情况也有的,但如果他们不说要转达那我就不转达了。” 无语 …… 不过也不是每天都特黑巧克力啦,有些巧克力还是蛮甜滴。特别是有些文章从审稿到最后接收的过程一波三折,收到最后通知的时候作者往往都会喜出望外。不管是认识的还是素昧平生的,有些作者会兴奋得马上发来感谢信甚至表扬信,感谢你比如怎么耐心啦,怎么有智慧啦,怎么英明地决定“忽略”某审稿人的某条意见啦,反正就很能让你在读的那一刻有“松毛松翼”(广州话,洋洋自得之意)的感觉。至于那些给你“忽略”了的审稿人看到文章发表后会怎么明骂或暗骂你是白痴,就只能想开点了,鱼与熊掌不可兼得嘛。 印象比较深的是有一次我收到一位文章刚刚被接受的作者的邮件,还附上了一张开香槟庆祝会的照片。里面一堆人我都不认识(我没见过这位作者),害得我还先谷歌了一下,找到了这位作者的网站,才知道照片里哪位是他。这位作者告诉我他们太高兴了,特地开香槟庆祝,“可惜没有机会啊,否则一定要敬你一杯!非常谢谢你对这篇文章的贡献!” 酒不醉人人自醉啊。我于是飘飘然地过了几个小时,直到收到另一封邮件。写邮件的是一位牛中之牛(又叫“牛魔王”?),但不久前投的一篇文章给所有审稿人都毫不客气地批评了一通,不少还是几个审稿人同时质疑的大问题。我于是发出了据稿信。牛王的邮件大概是这样的: 编辑:我想我应该叫你小编,因为我可以比较肯定的是,在我成名的时候,你可能还在学 1+1=2 。在我的研究生涯里,我发过 XX 篇包括 NEJM, Nature, Cell, Science 在内的引用次数超过 XXXX 的文章。我是什么,什么,什么大奖的得主。我还是包括什么,什么,什么等在内的杂志的编委。我现在有多少多少百万的研究经费。我把这篇文章 投到贵刊是给你们面子。希望你马上重新考虑拒绝我的文章的白痴决定,尽快把我的文章刊登出来!另外,你们需要搞个“黑名单”,比如你找的那三位白痴审稿人就应该在里面 …… 牛啊!!我看着我的香槟,啪地给洒上了牛粪。后来见到人事部主任,我向她提出了一个严肃的问题:你说如果某编辑给这一阵香槟一阵牛粪的弄成个精神分裂症或狂躁症患者什么的,这应该算是工伤呢还是只当普通神经病处理?
1)在SWP安装目录下的\Shells\Standard LaTeX目录中编辑文件Blank - Standard LaTeX Article.shl,在\begin{document}之前加入如下几行: \RequirePackage{CJK} \AtBeginDocument{\begin{CJK*}{GBK}{song}\CJKtilde} \AtEndDocument{\end{CJK*}} 然后另存为Blank - Standard CJK-LaTeX Article.shl; 2)在SWP中typeset菜单中的Expert Setting栏目下选择DVI Format Setting为MikTeX LaTeX(根据CTEX套装的安装目录指向相应的latex.exe文件,如果你的Ctex安装在c:,默认为C:/CTeX/texmf/miktex/bin/latex.exe),DVI Preview Setting指向MikTeX Yap, DVI Print Setting指向dvips; 在swp5.5中并不需要更改latex2.dat,只需要做简单但关键的一步,那就是在上述2)时将其中的charater下拉列表中的normal改为Simplified Chinese. 最后还有一点要注意,保存tex文件时一定要用save as 存为Portable Latex, character set 要选为Simplified Chinese.
由中国科技期刊编辑学会主办,中国科技期刊编辑学会青年工作委员会、查尔斯沃思集团、汤森路透科技集团承办的科技期刊编辑培训将于 2011 年 10 月 25 日下午 在中国科学院物理研究所 D 楼 210 会议室举行 。会议特邀请经验丰富的讲师 Philippa Jane Benson ,详细讲解编辑部或出版社如何提高作者投稿的质量的。本次活动以听取报告和现场提问交流的形式开展,以英文报告交流为主,现场有翻译。本次活动不收取任何费用。希望感兴趣的各期刊编辑尤其是英文期刊编辑踊跃参会。 会议地点:北京中关村南三街 8 号 中国科学院物理研究所 D 楼 210 会议室 http://www.iop.cas.cn/qt/lxfs/ 培训日程: 2:00–2:30 介绍课程及讲师( Introduction to workshop and instructor/s Session 1 2:30–3:00 影响因子:如果提高影响因子( Impact factor: what they are , what they aren’t , how to increase them wisely and ethically ) Session 2 3:00-3:30 改进作者指南( Improv ing Instructions to Authors ) 3:30–3:45 茶歇及讨论( Break and discussion ) Session 3 3:45–4:15 帮助作者写作及投稿( Helping your authors with writing and submission of manuscripts ) Session 4 4:15-4:45 期刊网站对作者投稿的帮助( How your journal website can help authors and submissions. ) 结语 4:45–5:00 总结及讨论( Wrap up and discussion ) 请参加培训的编辑发送邮件至 23866580@163.com 信箱确认,以便组织和安排。 如有疑问可询问 张建军 编辑,电话: (024)23866580 中国科技期刊编辑学会
今天接到HESS主编来信,通知投稿的文章被接受了。折腾好久的这篇文章终于有了回音。我非常欣赏HESS的收稿、审稿及最终确认流程。不想其他peer review期刊,HESS的稿件在最终被接受或者拒收前,要经过好几个阶段的处理:负责编辑排版,校对初稿,提出结构语法等方面初步意见,修改后推出HESSD;HESSD是一个开放的浏览平台,所有人都可以对HESSD在线文章提出实名或者匿名意见。当然主编也会将稿件投给众多相关领域的审稿专家,只要最终满足有3人以上的审稿专家意见返回即可。这时候需要作者针对审稿专家及其他意见逐一修改及回复。这个过程中最优特点是HESS的编辑具有裁决权力,根据所有审稿意见确定是否接受文章并在HESS发表。 很欣慰的是我做的一点工作是基于前人的改进,从理论角度看没有问题,但考虑到模型完备性做了较大修改,不幸的是其中一个审稿人还是不太赞同发表,好在我花了足够功夫对其提出的意见进行了谦虚的解释和完整的补充,后续不知道他是否满意我的答复。好在其他两个审稿人都给出了excelent的评价,编辑做了最后的决定-接受。 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences(SCI 2.462) An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union Submission of Original Manuscript and Editor Assignment An original manuscript is submitted electronically and assigned to a Editor covering the relevant subject areas (for details see Editor Assignment ). Access Review TheEditor is asked to evaluate whether the manuscript is within the scope of the journal and whether it meets a basic scientific quality.He can suggest technical corrections (typing errors, clarification of figures, etc.) before publication inHESSD. Further requests for revision of the scientific contents are not allowed at this stage of the review process but shall be expressed in the interactive discussion following publication inHESSD. Technical Corrections The authors have the opportunity to perform technical corrections, which may be reviewed by theEditor to verify requested corrections and prevent further revisions, which are not permitted at this stage. Publication of Discussion Paper inHESSD After final acceptance the manuscript is typeset by theCopernicus Publications Production Office, proofread by the authors, and published as a discussion paper on theHESSD Website. Public accessibility, archiving and citability are guaranteed from this moment on (usually about 2-8 weeks after submission). Open Discussion (8 weeks) Upon internet publication the paper is opened for public review and discussion, during which interactive comments can be published by designated referees (anonymous or named) and all interested members of the scientific community (named). Normally, every discussion paper shall receive at least two Referee Comments; for more information see Interactive Public Discussion . Final Response After the open discussion the authors are expected to publish a response to all comments (within 4 weeks, extendable upon request). The editor can also publish additional comments or recommendations. Normally, however, formal editorial recommendations and decisions shall be made only after the authors have had an opportunity to respond to all comments, or if they request editorial advice before responding. Submission of Revised Manuscript Submission of a revised manuscript is expected only if the authors have satisfactorily addressed all comments, and if the revised manuscript meets the high quality standards of HESS ( MS Evaluation Criteria ). In case of doubt, the authors shall consult the editor if she/he recommends preparation and submission of a revised manuscript or not. Normally the revised manuscript should be submitted no later than 4 to 8 weeks after the end of the open discussion. If more time is required for manuscript revision, the authors can request an extension. Peer-Review Completion In view of the access peer-review and Interactive Public Discussion, theEditor either directly accepts/rejects the revised manuscript for publication inHESS or consults referees in the same way as during the completion of a traditional peer-review process. If necessary, additional revisions may be requested during peer-review completion until a final decision about acceptance/rejection forHESS is reached. Publication of Final Revised Paper inHESS In case of acceptance the final revised paper is typeset and proofread. Then it is published on theHESS Website with a direct link to the preceding original paper and interactive discussion inHESSD. All publications (original paper, interactive comments, final revised paper) are permanently archived and remain accessible to the open public via internet and the final revised paper is also accessible as print copy.
前面的博文提到MG给Chinadaily的编辑写了一封信,到现在都没有收到回复,就信的内容和编辑不回复这件事我们俩也进行了深入的讨论,在征得他本人同意的情况下,我把他写的信的原文贴到此处,大家有什么感想欢迎留言讨论。 Dr. MG June 17 2011 ZhongguancunXXX Building XX Beijing Mobile: XXXXXXX Dear Mr. Liu Shinan, With great interest I have read your article (博主注:原文地址为 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2011-06/15/content_12698272.htm )in the China Daily of June 15 2011 , Recovering a long-lost virtue’. I am German and at present a visiting professor with the Chinese Academy of Science. I agree with your position that the virtue of observing the law and especially the traffic rules should recover. However I do not like this statement to be so general. I guess many people in China know the joke, that pedestrians in Munich wait a long time for the green light at midnight though nobody else could be seen. Not every rule must be observed at any time! Important is to be cautious, polite, carefull and to respect other peoples right and at the same time to minimize the impact to the environment and to keep the traffic fluent. I am a pedestrian, I do ride a bicycle and I use public transportation. My whole life I have been fighting for their rights, because I believe that only this combination can guarantee a sustainable city, where it is worthwhile to live in. However, living in Beijing, I had to realize that 95% of the population here live under the dictate of 5% car owners/users. They cause a traffic jam: due to the lack of bus lanes the brave bus riders have to suffer. The car owner park their cars in the bike lanes, at crossings they force their way through pedestrians and bikers while honking their horn, the do not respect at all the bicycles right of way, even in special zones, where children like to play, they run at high speed. And most people are intimidated: they do not insist on their rights nor do they criticize the wrong-doing of the drivers. I agree with you that people should be encouraged to criticize, if traffic laws are not observed!! However, the problem is one-sided: the biggest problem is that car drivers ruthlessly use their power to force their way! Besides, the infrastructure for pedestrians, bicycles and busses has be improved again: bicycle parking lots with guards at central places and especially at every subway-station are necessary, bikers must be able to cross the street without long detours and without carrying their bicycles through dark underpasses or over high bridges, more bus lanes must be established, etc.,etc. It is time for a change towards a sustainable and green city!! With my best regards, MG
从090807开始动笔到091018初稿完成,边做边写边写边做;(现在回过头来看看,当初写的别提有多糟糕了,虽然之前有写过一篇中文) 从091018老板第一次修改到091230第一次投稿,前前后后在老板的指导下改了9次;(还好,那时候实验室的文章不太多,往返比较快,呵呵) NO.1 杯具的时光是短暂的:09年的最后一天投到了Water research,十天以后有消息(大致的意思是说我们所做的与该期刊不符,被编辑否了,没有送审) NO.2 经历了慢慢的等待:100114投到Applied Catalysis: B Environmental,经历了January 14 with editor——February 19 under review——April 28 under review——May 18,2010,completed rejected。(三个审稿人回来两个审稿意见,Reviewer #1: major revision;Reviewer #2:If the authors want to publish it at App. Catal. B, they need to add more experimental results and discussions,实际上也应该是个major revision,结果编辑给rejected了,4各月零4天等到了这么个结果,杯具呀!)不过审稿人的意见还是蛮中肯的,接下来的几个月先是忙着硕士论文的答辩、办一些毕业手续、参加一些毕业活动,然后按照审稿人的建议进行了修改,补做了一个表征和一部分实验,不知不觉就到了9月份。(这个期刊也不都是这么慢,得看审稿人的速度了,我师姐投了一篇不到3个月就收了) NO.3 Sep 5 2010,Applied Catalysis: B Environmental again,结果可想而知,3天杯具,编辑的回信中提到:“ That is not the way you can resubmit your paper once completely rejected. Since no rebuttal system exists in APCATB and only way you can do is to send the paper again after extensive revision on the basis of the reviewers' comments directly to me at my Email address. Then, I will decide whether it can be re-resubmitted or not. ”貌似说我们没有直接email他。 NO.4 目前Accept的期刊Environmental pollution,这个期刊要求投稿之前先将摘要email编辑,同意之后才可以再投,老板给纳米材料领域的编辑发了个email,不久,编辑回信可投,于Oct 28, 2010投稿,记得好像是11年01月12日左右收到老板邮件有消息了(三个审稿人,reviewer #1:major revision;reviewer #2:This is a generall well written manuscript,although there are some relatively minor English/grammatical errors. I think the manuscript is worthy of publication however I do have some comments.我理解为minor revision;reviewer #3:major revision. 最后,编辑让major,还需要review again。看看时间快寒假了,去年寒假弄这篇,今年寒假还这篇,⊙﹏⊙b汗,年后(应该是初十)早早回校,和老板讨论修改后于3月7日修改稿返回。又过了将近两个月5月5日老板email,编辑email中说:“I am very pleased to inform you that the reviewers recommend that your manuscript should be accepted for publication, after satisfactory revision.”让小修,我又反复改了几次,正赶上老板去瑞士出差一个周,回来后Dr.Martin来访,又赶上博士硕士答辩,还有一个ETC的稿件要审(据老板说已经催过几次了,呵呵),还有几个基金要审(估计也快到期了),实验室需要修改的文章也越来越多(目前硕士也很少写中文的了),事情太多,一拖再拖,我是一催再催(O(∩_∩)O~当然要委婉点),终于在11年06月06日将修改稿返回去了,又是盼(不过,估计是差不多了),又是一个十天06月16日收到老板email说是Accept了O(∩_∩)O~! 感想:回想这一年十个月零九天,感慨颇多,在论文的不断修不断改中也学到了许多,也许这就是一个慢慢成长的过程吧! 插曲:和我同时投文章的还有一师兄和一师弟,我们三兄弟道路不同结果却极为相似,都是自己的第一篇SCI,都经历了一年多的时间,虽然投过稿的期刊不尽相同,但都经历了投-拒-投-再拒-再投……这么个过程,最后都于10年10月前后投到了EP(Environmental pollution),最先有结果的是师兄的,一个半月直接接收了(还是师兄啊),然后就是师弟了,两个半月小修之后就收了,悲催的我这时候还在等review again的消息呢:(。道路是曲折的,前途是光明的O(∩_∩)O哈!最终都瓜熟落地了bless!Go on fighting! 不伦不类写了一大堆,以此来纪念我的第一篇SCI!看看时间已是凌晨,该睡了_! ——二零一一年凌晨于南开大学寝室 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749111003496 Simultaneous adsorption and degradation of γ-HCH by nZVI Cu bimetallic nanopart.pdf
编辑手稿和定做礼服 朱 丽红 译 编辑手稿和定做礼服有点类似。我给出提供的服务和相应的价格表,对新客户的咨询给出解答。因为费用是很多人最关心的问题,所以我会告诉客户我将对原稿先做一轮 ( 一次 ) 编辑,我会校正我所能发现的错误并留下免费的注解,告诉客户这些地方需要做再次修改以及是否需要返回来做手稿的两轮 ( 次 ) 编辑。既然是顾客付钱,那么我应该让她决定她想要做几轮 ( 次 ) 编辑,而不是我认为她需要做几轮 ( 次 ) 编辑。考虑到期刊出版目前的形势,我认为大约有一半比例的手稿只需做轻微修改 , 即一轮 ( 次 ) 编辑。我只是偶尔做要超过三轮 ( 次 ) 编辑 ( 同一份手稿 ) 。其实,就收入而言,对一份手稿做超过一次编辑对我来说是没什么大好处的,因为第一轮编辑的收费标准是 6 美分 / 词 (6c/word) ,而第一轮以后的编辑的收费标准是多加了 2 美分 / 词 (extra 2c/word) 。那么,为什么我还要提供两轮甚至三轮编辑呢?因为反复修改是写好文章的关键 , 这一点每个人都应该知道。我对自己的每一篇研究手稿平均修改次数超过 20 次,并且我认为我是一个擅长写作的人。 Editing a manuscript and making a tuxedo By Zuojun Yu After having posted my Blog on “ Editing a manuscript and buying a pair of socks” http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=306792do=blogid=454802 , I was still thinking how to communicate with those of my clients who do not understand what editing is about. Therefore, I came up with this new Blog title. Let’s say that I am a tuxedo maker. A customer walks in and asks a lot of questions, because it’s his first time to buy a tuxedo. I show him a list of choices he needs to make, and take his measurements after he decides to retain my service. He puts down a deposit, and is told to return in 2-3 weeks for fitting. At the fitting, he complains about the sleeves being too short. I agree they should be 1.5 inches longer, and ask him to return for pickup. I give him a choice of paying today, or tomorrow at pickup. He pays me and thanks me for my service, which is common in the West. Editing a manuscript is somewhat similar. I give a copy of our services and prices, and answer questions from new clients. Since the cost is a main concern for many people, I often tell them that I would edit the manuscript once (correcting as many mistakes as I can find and leaving free comments when I have any) and tell them if they should revise and return for another round of editing. Since the client is paying, I let her decide how many rounds of editing she wants (not what I think she needs). About half of the time, I think light editing (one round) is good enough, considering today’s atmosphere of journal publications. Only occasionally I would edit a manuscript more than three times. Editing a manuscript more than once is not good for me in terms of earning, because I charge 6c/word for Round 1, and extra 2c/word for extra round of editing. Then, why do I offer Round 2 or even Round 3? That is because revision is the key to good writing. I revise my own research manuscript more than 20 times on average, and I am not a bad writer myself. Now, I need to find a friend to “translate” this into Chinese for me, because in the latest incident this client declared that his English is no good (therefore he could not tell if my editing is good or not; he even interpreted my email “It’s not about my time, but your $$$” as “Go ahead and submit the paper” when he asked if I have time to read/check his manuscript again).
之前一篇博文 《 中国审稿人怎么了?竟然把评审的稿件拒了后,换上自己的名字重投 》引起很高的关注度,大家都在唾弃这种令人发指的行为。可是,在各种投来的稿件中,出现各种学术不端并不稀奇(总有想走捷径的人),那编辑们发现了这样的论文该如何处理呢? 1.悄悄的退稿,声张的不要; 2.1.退稿,在期刊主页上放上声明(这次的事件。《电子学报》好像选的就是这种方法); 2.2.退稿并把情况反映给作者所在的院校; 3.退稿,通报给作者学校,并在期刊首页放上声明; 4.退稿,通报作者学校,在期刊首页放上声明,同时通报给同领域的其他期刊。 以上,几种方式严厉程度在增加。显然,最后一种方式的威力是毁灭性的,基本就会结束一个人的学术生涯了。但是,前面的做法又威慑力有点小。不知道各位更赞成那种方式? 个人更倾向于4,自己要为自己的行为负责嘛。 PS:附上之前看过的一个 编辑对一稿多投的处理意见 ,很有震慑力呀(株连九族了 ): I am disappointed to find that this is a duplicate submission. You also submitted this paper to the XXXXXXXXXX. Duplicate submissions are not allowed, thus your paper is immediately rejected. XXXXX As a result of this flagrant violation of standard international rules of scholarship, XXXXXX has no choice but to reject your paper. In addition, XXXXXX will not accept future submissions from you or any of your colleagues, I will forward this message to your Dean, and I am passing this situation on to other journal editors in our field. This is a grave disappointment. Honesty and integrity are essential to science and this kind of action brings shame on you and your university.
自然出版集团三本期刊部分编辑业务落户上海 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/5/247614.shtm Cell Death and Differentiation Country : United Kingdom Subject Area : Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Subject Category : Cell Biology Publisher : Nature Publishing Group . Publication type : Journals. ISSN : 13509047, 14765403 Coverage: 1994-2010 H Index : 111 Scope: Cell Death Differentiation is a journal devoted to the cell biology, molecular biology and biochemistry of cell death and Cell Death Differentiation is a journal devoted to the cell biology, molecular biology and biochemistry of cell death and differentiation, both in normal tissue regulation and in disease. To this end, Cell Death Differentiation provides a unified forum for scientists as well as clinicians. It is committed to the rapid publication of high quality original papers that relate to these subjects, together with topical, usually solicited, reviews, meeting reports, editorial correspondence and occasional commentaries on controversial and scientifically informative issues. ( source ) http://www.nature.com/cdd/index.html Oncogene Country : United Kingdom Subject Area : Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Subject Category : Cancer Research , Cell Biology , Genetics , Molecular Biology Publisher : Nature Publishing Group . Publication type : Journals. ISSN : 09509232 Coverage: 1987-2010 H Index : 196 Scope: Oncogene covers all aspects of the structure and function of oncogenes, especially: -Cellular oncogenes and their mechanism of activation -Structure and function Oncogene covers all aspects of the structure and function of oncogenes, especially: -Cellular oncogenes and their mechanism of activation -Structure and function of their encoded proteins -Oncogenes of the DNA and RNA tumour viruses -The molecular oncology of human tumours -Tumour suppressor genes -Growth regulatory genes -Cell cycle control -Growth factors and receptors -Apoptosis -Immortalisation and cellular senescence ( source ) Show full scope http://www.nature.com/onc/index.html
彭海杰 博文如何在网页中写数学公式 ( http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=482644do=blogid=426697from=space ) 给了几种写数学公式的方法,但里面的例子都是图片。尝试了直接粘贴拷贝的方法: http://www.mathjax.org/ 中的例子 直接拷贝如下。拷贝下来的不是整幅图片,并且可以直接在科学网编辑器中稍稍修改公式内容。 f ( a我的修改 ) = ∮ γ f ( z ) mytest d z x = − b ± b 2 − 4 a c − − − − − − − √ 2 a再改 cos ( θ + φ ) = cos ( θ ) cos ( φ又改 ) − sin ( θ ) sin ( φ ) ( ∇ X Y ) k = X i ( ∇ i Y ) k = X i ( ∂ Y k ∂ x i + Γ k i m Y m ) J α ( x ) = ∑ m = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) m m ! Γ ( m + α + 1 ) ( x 2 ) 2 m + α 做了些试验,科学网只要把博客的模板改一下,在head中加入 script type="text/x-mathjax-config" MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: , ]}}); /script script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML" /script 则博文中就可以用LaTex格式写公式啦。LaTex格式比较简单,X^2就是上标,X_2就是下标。
寻正 现代病理学的创始人鲁道尔夫*凡尔绍(Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow)曾说过, Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale.医学是社会科学,政治无非是更高层次的医学而已。 科学工作者也需要一种人生的态度,仅仅是关注自己领域内的小范围内的世界是极其容易的,但也是危险的。科学从来就不是个人行为,而人类团体生活的创造,每一个人,都有对这个团体生活与发展进行关心的必要。 在宇宙中人是渺小的,在社会中人也是有限的,生于尘土,归于尘土,耶稣教导我们说,要成为世界上的盐,盐若失了味,就会被抛弃践踏。科学工作者要有味,谈不上有政治使命感,或许那是另外一部分人的义务与责任,但我们要有味,也就是要有人生的态度。 五四文化运动已经快一个世纪过去了,赛先生因为实用性而偶露头角,但德先生则浊世蒙尘。现实生活给予每一个人极大的压力,凶险的环境也让人不得不做出违心的选择,但我们不能让良心被蒙蔽,也不能让味道失却。 人,都有社会赋于的角色,但如何Play,行动,却有细节上的分别,唯有行动者自己才能体味。 在资源有限、社会价值架构冲突的年代中,寻求和谐是一种不切实际的妄想,很多时候,和谐是在冲突中实现的,比如,作者发贴,而编辑删贴,作者要有豁达的心,贴子就是发出来删的,表达的是一种态度,是自己的味道;而编辑也要有宽容的量,我们每一个人受自己身体内的化学反应的控制,或许表面上的确有自由,实际上却是身难由已的,你写我删,共建和谐。 这是我们应有的态度:该删不用迟疑,但该写也不要犹豫,每一个人扮演好自己的角色,同时为世界添加一点味道。 真诚感谢编辑为维护一个网站健康成长存活的努力。
看了袁贤讯写的 现在写文章越来越麻烦 一文,深有同感!现在不仅国内有些刊物是这样,国外的有些刊物也是如此。原来本应由编辑干的活,现在都要求作者干了,让人无所适从!不同刊物对版面的要求五花八门,即使作者对着它的Sample issue格式写,也很难达到出版要求!于是,一封信来,一封信去,一些宝贵的时间就浪费在这种琐事上面了! 大家可能要问,以前Editor能干的事,现在为什么不能干了?其实,并不是他不能干,而是他去干别的事情去了!什么事情呢?越权!就是超越Editor的权力当起了Reviewer! 我曾经给国外一本杂志投稿,经三位reviewers评阅后,Executive editor来信告诉我同意录用,但必须在格式和文字上进行重大修改(注意:不是内容哦),并强调让论文写作公司修改。以下是他的来信原文: I am pleased to confirm that we can accept your paper for publication but before we can proceed further major revisions of it are needed. May I respectfully remind you that this is a rapid publication journal and, as such, no proofs of your paper will be issued to you before it is published. It is therefore imperative that what we send to the printers is correct in all details. You have been asked previously to advise your paper in accordance with the advice that is given in our Instructions to Authors as well as our Guidance Notes. It is therefore disappointing to record that you have not followed this advice. You would find the use of our Checklist, which is also available online via our website, to be of help to you. In addition you should also consult some recently published papers in this Journal to see the style that is preferred. Overall, the quality of the writing in your paper remains very poor, it would benefit it considerably if you could seek the help of a professional paper writing agency to ensure a much higher standard of presentation. Of particular concern are the following points. However, these are not necessarily complete and you must therefore carefully check your final manuscript against the advice we give in our Instructions to Authors. 于是,我根据他的建议,对照Instructions to Authors、Guidance Notes和Checklist,将文章从头至尾认真地修改了几遍,直到自己觉得满意后才寄回去。 令人没有想到的是,从第二封信起,Editor不提格式和文字的问题了,反而当起了Reviewer,一遍又一遍地指出我的研究结果不明确,要修改;我的分析数据不完整,要补充!前前后后的通信不下五个来回,我都忍气吞声地尽量按他的要求修改或说明。我觉得,如果经过Author与Editor之间的互动交流,可以真正提高一篇论文的质量,多改几回也未尝不是件好事! 可是,事与愿违,他在后面的多次来信中对我的研究结果变本加厉地挑错,而且对我的文章已经越来越不满意了!请问这个Editor,你为什么弃三位Reviewers的评阅意见而不顾呢?你的权力应该是在格式和文字方面把关吧?就因为我们没让专门的写作公司修改就说我们的英语烂?对此,我很有意见,经与同事商量,决定主动撤稿,并对他的越权行为表达不满! 下面就是我写的撤稿信原文: We determine to retract our manuscript for publication in your journal because you always surpass your right as an editor other than a reviewer. We have fully revised the article based on reviewers' suggestions, and also modified its style obeying the instruction to authors. Unfortunately, you indicate new challenges against it this time. Actually you always misunderstand our work and often suggest some unacceptable opinions. I want you know every research work is not complete at all, and the academic value of an article is the real importance but not grammar and words. Although we are not native English speakers, we have published about 10 papers in English journals. We wish you change your behavior as an editor and never mislead other authors. Thank you for your serious reply letters! 后来,这个Editor回了信,但现在已经找不到,大意是作为Author当然有撤稿的自由,但他还是会等到修回期限再做决定!此后,我们没有关注他的决定,也不打算再向这本杂志投稿!
王应宽 Beijing 2010-08-07 国际农业与生物工程学会会刊( CIGR Journal ) 2010 ( 1 )出版 (补发) 自 2010 年 4 月 7 日通过国际网络视频会议举行国际农业与生物工程学会( International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering ,法语首字母缩写为 CIGR, 网址为 www.cigr.org )会刊 CIGR Journal 移交落户中国仪式之后,本人正式就任主编。为了赶在 6 月 13-17 日在加拿大魁北克召开的 CIGR 第 17 届世界大会之前出版期刊的纸质版,以便在会议期刊携带期刊前往宣传交流。掐指算来留给我的时间只有不到两个月了。由于我要组建中国农业工程代表团并先期于 6 月 11 日率团从北京出发赴加拿大参会,加之,手头还有另外 2 本期刊和单位的日常事务等工作,因而时间就更紧了。 幸好在前任主编 Fedro Zazuasta 教授和各位栏目主编的辛勤努力下, OJS 系统库里面已经有近 30 篇文章被录用了。该刊为纯网络电子期刊,过去的出版基本上就是在专家审阅、作者修改、主编决定录用后简单的标引作者和期刊引用信息转成 PDF 上传到网站就算发表了。发表的时间相对比较快,不分期次,一年一卷,全年发表近百篇文章。因为过去都是国际农业工程界的大牛型(多为 CIGR 主席)专家担任主编,兼职业余办刊,没有经费支持,没有专业的编辑队伍,也没有太多的时间做文章的编辑和期刊的宣传推广以及营销工作。因此,期刊也就依靠几位专家的无私奉献连续出版了十余年。在 CIGR 和国际同行的眼里,我是受过专业训练和富有经验的职业编辑( a well-trained and experienced professional editor )。聘任我接任主编也就是寄希望通过本人专业化的运作,尽快提升期刊的质量和影响,尽早进入包括 SCI 在内的国际权威检索系统。显然我不能按照原先的模式原地踏步。我在期刊移交就职仪式上的讲话阐明了我提升期刊质量的十大措施,已经得到大家的认可和好评。但是这些想法很难在不到两月就要出版的第一期刊物中体现,许多只能从长计议,逐步实施。 为了让国际社会在期刊移交后的两个月内看到明显成效,我与中国方面的两个学会领导李树君副理事长和朱明理事长商议,提出我的想法并得到认可和支持。我很快确定马上要做的工作包括出版一期纸质期刊、对文章内容认真编辑加工、采用双栏排版让格式美观统一、新设计期刊封面、并通过宣传两个学会和期刊本身做成期刊四封彩页,再通过精美的印刷和装帧设计,使期刊的外观和内容都美观大方。同时还起草介绍材料、搜集图片设计了期刊宣传单页材料( Flyer ),精美印刷,再拿到加拿大和美国的大型国际会议上去宣传。虽然看起来这些工作并不是很多,但因为手下团队的编辑都是新招聘来的,尚不熟悉编辑业务,我一方面要指导大家如何编辑稿件,同时要亲力亲为的把握每一个细节,干好每一件事情。经过一个多月的日夜加班,终于在我们开会出发前的 6 月 8 日拿到了印刷出来的期刊和宣传彩页。此次出版的 2010 年第一期印刷版纸质期刊共刊出论文 23 篇。此期也是该刊历史上第一册纸质期刊。如果以后也不再出版纸质印刷版,那么这期就是空前绝后的了! 几十个日日夜夜的艰苦劳作没有白费。 6 月 11 日,我率领 44 人的中国农业工程代表团浩浩荡荡开赴加拿大。我请随行的专家朋友们帮忙带去了一百多册新出版的期刊和一千多份宣传彩页。大会组委会也非常友好的免费在显著位置为我提供了展台,让我展出我们出版的期刊和宣传页。有 Poster 展览展示的会期从 14-16 日共三天,我也预计用三天来发放期刊和资料,还一直担心要是期刊没人要,那么沉又不便拿回来怎么办?出人预料的是,期刊很受欢迎,仅 6 月 14 日就被一抢而空。前期由李树君率领的中国农业机械学会代表团也带去期刊几十份,并在 6 月 13 日召开 CIGR 常务理事会上展示、宣传和赠送了期刊。包括 CIGR 几任主席、前任主编和各位执委、理事等都对新出版的期刊眼前一亮,大加赞赏 ( 用 Amazing, Terrific, Excellent, Wonderful, Super Job, Unbelievable Work 等夸赞 ) 。作为 CIGR 期刊移交中国的主要推动者和负责人以及 CIGR 执委的李树君也感觉很有面子,期刊大长中国人的士气,在国际同行前展示了中国效率,着实 High 了一把! 俗话说,外行看热闹,内行看门道。其实,从内行的眼光看来,第一期的工作效率是高的,特别是由能干的王博士一人全盘操持。但是从质量和内容方面,还有很大的提升空间。期刊编辑是一项有缺憾的工作。职业编辑一直再追求完美,但每出版一期都或多或少留下缺憾,永远达不到完美。 期刊论文全文上网,完全开放( Immediate Full-text Open Access ),请大家指正。友情提示,每篇文章后的 PDF 才是本主编的版本,标有 Provisional PDF 的是前任主编的版本。 Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal Open Access at http://www.cigrjournal.org Table of Contents Volume 12, Number 1, March, 2010 Section I: Land and Water Engineering (LWE) Soil nutrient levels and crop performance at various lateral positions following liquid manure injection Ying Chen, Bereket Assefa, Wole Arkinremi ( 1 ) Mechanical properties of some bioplastics under different soil types used as biodegradable drip tubes Mostafa H M, Sourell H , Bockisch F J ( 12 ) Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency analysis for Southeastern Nigeria G I Okonkwo, C C Mbajiorgu ( 22 ) Geological, geophysical and engineering geological investigation of a leaky micro-dam in the Northern Ethiopia Gebremedhin Berhane ( 31 ) Section II: Farm Buildings and Construction (FBC) Research model f or farm building design: General structure and physiognomic characterization phase P Tassinari, D Torreggiani, S Benni, E DallAra ( 47 ) Shrinkage of natural plaster materials for straw bale buildings affected by reinforcement fibers and drying Ashour T, Derbala A ( 55 ) Life cycle assessment of the overall energy consumption of a road construction project and its management in Cameroon Mamba Mpele, Elime Bouboama A, Ayina Ohandja L M, Madjadoumbaye J ( 63 ) Section III: Equipment Engineering for Plant Production (EEPP) Design and development of subsoiler-cum-differential rate fertilizer applicator Sandip Mandal, T C Thakur ( 74 ) Influence of coolant temperature on the performance of a four stroke spark ignition engine employing a dual circuit cooling system A Rehman, R M Sarviya, Savita Dixit, Rajesh Kumar Pandey ( 84 ) Section IV: Energy in Agriculture (EA) Simulation model for solar energy harnessing by the solar tunnel dryer G M Kituu, D Shitanda, C L Kanali, J T Mailutha, C K Njoroge, J K Wainaina, J S Bongyereire ( 91 ) Comparison o f static-mixer and blade agitator reactor i n biodiesel production Rizal Alamsyah, Armansyah H Tambunan, Y Aris Purwanto, Dadan Kusdiana ( 99 ) Investigation of optimal thermal parameters for essential oils extraction using laboratory and solar distillation systems A Munir, O Hensel ( 107 ) Section V: Management, Ergonomics and Systems Engineering (MESE) Isometric push/pull strength of agricultural workers of Central India K N Agrawal, P S Tiwari, L P Gite, V Bhushanababu ( 115 ) Measurement of agricultural mechanization index and analysis of agricultural productivity of farm settlements in Southwest Nigeria Olaoye J O, A O Rotimi ( 125 ) Economic potential of tractor hire business in Riau Province, Indonesia: A case study of small tractors for small rice farms Ujang Paman, S Uchida, S Inaba ( 135 ) Anthropometric considerations of farm tools/machinery design for tribal workers of northeastern India K N Agrawal, R K P Singh, K K Satapathy ( 143 ) Assessment of injuries in small scale sawmill industry of south western Nigeria Segun R Bello, Yahaya Mijinyawa ( 151 ) Section VI: Post-harvest Technology and Process Engineering (PTPE) Comparison between artificial neural networks and mathematical models for estimating equilibrium moisture content in raisin R Amiri Chayjan, M Esna-Ashari ( 158 ) Solar drying of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Effects of drying conditions on the drying constant and coefficients, and validation of the logarithmic model Imad Eldin Saeed ( 167 ) Impact force of melon seeds during shelling F B Okokon, E Ekpenyong, C Nwaukwa, N Akpan, F I Abam ( 182 ) Development of large scale drying system for Chillies ( Capsicum annum ) CH V V Satyanarayana, P C Vengaiah ( 189 ) Moisture-dependent e ngineering p roperties of b lack c umin ( Nigella s ativa L .) s eed Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharib-Zahedi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Ali moayedi, Amin Taheri Garavand, Seyed Mahdi Alizadeh ( 194 ) Section VII: Information Systems (IS) Fruit detection system and an end effector for robotic harvesting of Fuji apples D M Bulanon, T Kataoka ( 203 ) 主编在加拿大魁北克2010 CIGR World Congress期间坐台展示期刊 Front Flyer for CIGR Journal Front Flyer for CIGR Journal 封二-宣传介绍中国农业机械学会CSAM 封三-宣传介绍中国农业工程学会CSAE 封底-宣传介绍期刊CIGR Journal
王应宽 转载 2010-05-03 Beijing, China 博主按: 最近招聘学术期刊编辑,面试过一些应聘者,对编辑的文化素质和职业素质颇有些认识。近偶尔读到一篇关于出版社招聘编辑面试提问的文章,觉得很有道理。所提的 6 个问题虽然针对出版社招聘的图书编辑,但对招聘期刊编辑也颇有参考价值,只是把问题中相应的词语稍作调整就可以用于面试期刊编辑了。针对这些问题,可以测试一下你适合做编辑吗。窃以为有用,故而转载于此,与编辑同仁们分享。 你适合做编辑吗?出版社招聘编辑的 6 道问题 时间 : 2010-04-12 来源 : 小叶子博客 作者 : 小叶子 长期以来,出版界的用人与选人问题,始终是一件让人头疼的事情。究其原因,还是在社会转型的过程中,出版的基本定位尚在变化之中。诸如,其一,存在形式五花八门,有为政府部门服务的,有成为学术基地的,有完全商业化的,有以卖书号为生的。其二,行业属性众说不一,有说是经验产业,有说是科学分支学科,有说是文化基地,有说是商业部门。其三,用人标准莫衷一是,有说传媒学院的毕业生好,有说非编辑专业的好,有说 MBA 好,有说金融家好,有说政治家好,有说不必苛求学历,自学成才的更好,等等。其实,在如此丰富的说法背后,蕴含着一个潜台词,那就是说,事实上,出版行业的门槛很低。或者说,当一个行业的社会定位尚未完成的时候 , ,它的存在形式,常常会表现出一种 泛职业化 的倾向。 问题之一:书是什么? A 知识载体, B 精神食粮, C 特殊商品, D 快速消费品。 题解:一般在招聘会上,我们最愿意问: 你在读什么书? 根据经验,这样的提问意义不大。人家答四大名著、《微积分教程》或《语言学概论》,你说哪个人更适合做编辑?因此,我们不妨换一个问法: 书是什么? 也就是请应聘者给书下一个定义。我们需要了解应聘者对于 书 的个性认识,不同的回答,表现着每个人不同的文化水准与社会背景。像选择 D 的那位应聘者,他是一位学营销的,他是对书作了商品属性的分析之后,才给出这个答案。我查了一下,看一看纸制的 快速消费品 还有什么?有卫生纸、纸巾、纸杯、 没等看完我就笑了,甚至想到赵本山、宋丹丹小品中,白云的那本书《月子》!其实也用不着笑,那些流行的、通俗的、时尚的东西,人们追风购买,看完就扔,当然要归于 快速消费品 。而《新华字典》《辞海》《辞源》,以及那些高雅文化、经典文化等,就是再慢不过的消费品,甚至还会传宗接代。所以说,选人也是在各取所需,关键是看你想做什么。通过给书下定义,就会找出与你志同道合的人。 问题之二:出版人应该是一个 A 书迷, B 书商, C 专家, D 杂家。 题解:对于这 4 个答案,首先,我最喜欢 A ,这也是早年陈原先生给出的定义。翻译过来,出版人首先应该是一个爱书人。我觉得,虽然时代在变化,社会上商业化的调门越来越高,但出版界选人,首要的标准,还应该是检验他是不是一个爱书人。在一个出版团队中,如果不爱书的人比重太高了,那是一件很危险的事情。尤其是主要领导者,有一个就不得了。由于不爱书,自然不懂书。你身处出版业,却不懂得你的 商品 。对于企业而言,这不是很危险的么?其次,答案 B 也有道理。前不久,沈昌文先生出版过一本小书《书商的旧梦》,自认从事出版一生,不过是一介书商而已。此中有调侃,也是在说老实话,不附庸风雅,没有不良心态,让我敬佩。其三,对于后两个词,学术意义上的 专家 就不用多想了,出版人的天职,就是为作家、学者们服务的,这是一个行业的基本属性。至于 杂家 一词,还是不用为好。《汉书 艺文志》把诸子的书分为 10 家,其中就有 杂家 。书中注道: 杂家者流,盖出于议官。兼儒、墨,合名、法。 这样的 旧词新用 ,很不靠谱,也反映出一种不恰当的职业心态,一个行业中的人,怎么能够整体自称为 家 呢? 问题之三:一个出版产业的终极追求是 A 只出赚钱书, B 文化坚守, C 双效, D 多元化。 题解:前些年,如果应聘者回答此题,一定会选择 C 。现在这句话似乎有些过时,其实不然,我们需要认真地理清思绪。应当看到,即使发达国家的文化建设,也是要讲 双效 的。许多时候,他们比我们还要讲政治。至于 B , 坚守 本身就有一种压迫感;但是,如果有 双效 的观念,事情就会轻松许多。我们把 A 翻译过来,就是说,什么书能够赚钱,我们就出什么书。这是一个有趣的口号,它的表面是用 钱 对书进行分类,其本质却是用 钱 对文化进行分类,因为出版本身就是以 贩卖文化 为生的。在这样的观念下,文化被分为不赚钱的与赚钱的两类。经过市场的检验与筛分,在 不赚钱 或 来钱慢 的麾下,往往有高雅文化、严肃文化、经典文化等门类;在 赚钱 或 来钱快 的麾下,就有流行文化、通俗文化等内容了。其实这种用商业观念 类分文化 的现象,发达国家早已出现过。西方经济学家总结说,对于文化产业而言,片面地追求 通俗 并不是一个好办法。它满足不了经营者对利润的狂热追求,弄不好还会导致人们突破通俗文化的底线,向低俗、庸俗、媚俗、恶俗 一步步深入下去,最终没有了道德底线。经济学家把文化产业的这种极端商业化现象,称为 往下笨 ( dumping down )。因为书的商业属性,明显地不同于一般的商品。文化的高雅与通俗并无高下之分,它们是一种血肉关系,而不是敌对关系。如果我们只强调出挣钱的书,就会自觉不自觉地在经营的层面上,疏远甚至仇视高雅文化、经典文化,认为它们不会给企业带来经济利益,只会带来麻烦。但是,你没有想到,任何优秀的通俗文化,都需要有强大的主流文化基奠。正是文化的经典与高雅,托起了大众文化的繁荣与进步。举一个最新近的例子。你想,去年北京奥运会开幕式,从击缶、活字、画轴、航海、飞天、 一路演绎下来,如果没有中国古代丰富多彩的高雅文明的支撑,会产生如此震撼世界的艺术普及的效果吗? 问题之四:出版社可持续发展的道路是 A 进入金融市场, B 跨行业经营, C 纳入文化产业链条, D 坚持图书出版的纯洁性。 题解:在今日的世界上,这 4 条道路都有成功的范例。对于 A ,我国出版业正处于试验与快速推进阶段,势头不错,未来创造一些奇迹,也是一种必然。对于 B ,这是一个好事情,商业经营是没有边界的。抛开当年教材教辅的富庶岁月,今日之出版已经开始步入微利时代。如果配上一些优良资产或暴利产业的资源,或许可以给我们的图书生产一些支援。问题的关键是,我们必须弄清楚,这种 支援 的动力是什么?是政府命令?是企业家的文化自觉?还是出自股东们对于文化的热爱?如果我们在 跨行业 之初,没有事先理清这些战略性的思路,就可能跨出去之后,便一去不复返了。你知道,与外面的 繁华世界 比较,出版有多么呆板、多么艰辛啊!对于 C ,所谓 纳入文化产业链条 ,说的是一些综合性的文化集团,他们的产业构成是将不同的文化形式纠合在一起,包括电影、报纸、期刊、电视、出版、戏剧、网络、广告、物流等。比如,一部小说进入这个团队,它会以不同的艺术形式运转起来,出版只是其中之一。这样做的商业优势不言而喻,但对于社会商业环境的要求也很高,应该引起我们的决策者重视。对于 D ,往往会受到一些商业专家们的嘲笑。但这是一个行业的根基,我们应该重视他们的存在,尊重他们的意志。现在许多大型集团,还有一些出版社,在这方面就做得很好。事实上,即使在发达国家和地区,无论出版产业如何整合、如何购并,它们的基本单元是不会改变的,也不应该改变,否则这个行业就会走向混乱或衰落。 问题之五:编辑最重要的基本素质是 A 两支笔, B 纠错敏感症, C 包打听, D 交流狂。 题解:通过应试者对这 4 项的选择,你很容易判断出他的特长或爱好。其实,作为一个出版人,最好兼有它们。将它们区分开来, A 、 B 是编辑的文化素质, C 、 D 是编辑的职业素质。所谓编辑的 两支笔 ,一支用于改稿,另一支用于写作。此语是钟叔河先生提出来的。 B 说的是编辑发现书稿错误、改正书稿错误的能力,对此,一个人的文化素质是 纠错能力 的基础,但职业训练也是必要的。对于 C 、 D ,看上去有些贬义,有些搞笑,其实这是成为一个大编辑的重要条件。像 包打听 ,他小本一翻开,可以轻易地找到某位作家、学者的行踪;他知道最近学界发生了哪些事情;他知道某位作家正在写什么;他知道某一领域谁是最顶尖的人物,谁是眼下最活跃的人物;他甚至知道许多作者的秉性、德性、爱好、观念、习惯、困难等等。你说,这不是一件很难做到的事情么? 问题之六:你最喜欢的畅销书作者是 A 郭敬明, B 王朔, C 易中天, D 南怀瑾。 题解:还可以多列一些名字,这样一来,从应聘者的选择中,你就可以发现一个人的水准、道德、好恶与情怀。当然,我们还可以根据招聘编辑的门类不同,将问题改为相应领域的人物。但无论怎样变化,在设计此类选择题时,有一个要点需要注意,那就是你列出的人物,一定要分属于不同的类型,要有个性,最好还有一点争议性,在其中设定一些小小的陷阱。比如,命题: 你最敬佩的大学者是: A 季羡林, B 文怀沙, C 余秋雨, D 黄裳。 让他们去选吧! 出处:自小叶子的博客: http://14509254.qzone.qq.com/blog/1241701592?ADUIN=270739236ADSESSION=1241748078ADTAG=CLIENT.QQ.1855QQUrlReportBlankZone.0
一般来讲编辑会对论文有一个初审,一旦初审通过后,能不能被录用就决定于审稿人了,编辑一般都会尊重审稿人的意见(之前的经历让我是这么认为的)。然而,有两次例外,让我认识到了自己的幼稚,同时也觉得很有意思(也许是我少见多怪),就在这里记一记。 需要说明的是:我不想评论什么样的编辑是好编辑,什么样的编辑是坏编辑(关键是我没资格评论)。 先说第一个吧。稿子投出去大约 3 个月,审稿意见终于来了,当我看到 With regret, I must inform you that, 不用往下读,我知道稿子被毙了。可毕竟是自己辛辛苦苦做出来的东西啊,虽然心情很沉痛,但还是认认真真地读了下去。 2 个审稿人,第一个写了 3 条,全是批评,最后的意见: reject ! 第二个审稿人,也写了 3 条,不过 3 条都是赞美之词,最后的意见,连修改都不要, accept 。 最后,编辑的意见是: reject ! 本来想拒就拒了吧,改改再投别的期刊。可看完这截然不同的两个审稿意见后,我有点愤愤不平了。于是我给编辑写了一封信。信的大概意思是,既然 2 个审稿人给出了完全不同的审稿意见,就应该请第 3 个审稿人来审,而不应该直接拒稿。 信发出去一个多月,也没回应,登录到投稿系统,显示结果仍然是拒绝。 我被编辑鄙视了。 再说第二个,这个稿子也是 2 个审稿人,其中的一个审稿人第一次的意见就是接受,可另一个审稿人却让我反反复复修改了 3 次,而且是 2 次大改,主要意见是我对这个问题研究的不够全面,让我补充新内容(个人认为这个审稿人还是很负责的)。因为补充的内容需要数学证明和实验验证,结果,两次修改后,论文又增加了 6 页(按该期刊提供的模板排版后,总共 26 页)。第三回他的意见如下: Everything is fine with the manuscript.. It can be accepted but before that I am requesting the authors to reducing the length of the manuscript by around 25-30% (may be by deleting some text and the steps of the analytic calculations.) 嫌我的论文太长了,需要删减 25-30% 。 再看看编辑的意见: Managing Editor: Accept the article. No reduction of the article length is needed ! 登录上投稿系统,显示 Completed Accept 。 审稿人要求修改,编辑竟然不要求改了。这回被鄙视的是审稿人!
去年末一篇稿子审稿意见回来了,简单修改可以接收,看样子可能都不需要找审稿人再看一遍了。我看了看审稿人的意见,确实不是很尖锐,比较容易修改。于是就改了,并写了修改意见,一并返回。 过了一段日子,反馈意见回来了。还是让我继续改,而且说如果因为时间不够可以申请延长。这我觉得很奇怪。仔细一看,原来是处理稿件的associated editor说我没有根据第二个审稿人的意见补充足够的仿真结果。我把原来的审稿意见拿过来一看,觉得很奇快,因为第二个审稿人根本没有提到这个问题,不过第一个审稿人提出了类似的意见。于是我增加了一些仿真结果。提交了修改稿。 过了一段日子,意见回来了,内容和上次一样,并且警告我如果不按照意见修改的话,论文将被拒掉。我觉得有些奇怪,已经在修改稿中增加了仿真结果,不知道editor是否看了。于是我回复说两个审稿人的意见我都参照修改了,并把其第一次的返回意见附上,告诉他我不明白还要怎么修改,是否他把一些审稿意见遗漏了。 又过了一段日子,反馈来了,说接收了,直接让我把源文件提供。处理稿件的associated editor给作者的反馈意见写的是:I am now happy for the paper to be published. 他自己明白了他把两个审稿人的意见搞混了。看来editor的工作也很不容易,本身就是工作之余的学术服务,要处理那么多稿件,难免有些犯糊涂的时候。
看到一些关于学术刊物决定接受( accept )或是拒收( reject )文章的根据和权限的讨论,就自己的经验和看法,说几句。 先区分一下刊物的编辑、编辑部、和编委会。 一般来说,国内刊物编辑部和编委会的区分是明确的:编辑部由工作人员组成, 编委会 由学术专家组成。后者作为决策机构,只管 大政方针 ;而前者虽然只是执行机构,但权力一般限于决定由谁来审稿。 但是,说到编辑,国内外有很大不同:国外的刊物,如果是主编( Editor ,或 Chief Editor ),一般有最后决定权;如果是副主编( Associate Editor ),权力也相当大;但如果只是助理编辑( Assistant Editor ),则大致相当编辑部的常设人员。而国内刊物的主编、副主编大致还是起指导作用,亲自审稿的不多。 国外的比较有名的刊物,很多是主编和副主编来决定由谁来审稿,编辑部的助理编辑只是负责具体的 paperwork 。主编觉得好的文章,可以不经送审,直接决定发。笔者去年的一篇文章,就没有送审,主编看过后直接付印。其信中说: I went through the manuscript myself and I found it quite interesting and a very stimulating contribution to the ongoing debate. Therefore, I am happy to accept your submission without any need for further review. 有时即使几个 referees 都 reject 的文章,如果主编觉得好,也可以 override the referees ,决定发。一个有名的例子就是芝加哥大学的著名天体物理学家 E. N. Parker 当年提出太阳风理论的文章。当时 ApJ 找的几个 referees 都强烈地反对这个理论,但是 ApJ 主编在自己看了这篇文章之后,决定发表。去年是太阳风理论提出 50 周年。美国物理学会专门邀请 E. N. Parker 出席做报告。这位老先生回忆起这段往事,不无感慨地告诉听众:写文章不要怕别人反对,往往越是好文章,被反对得越厉害。同样,一个好主编,需要具备当年的 ApJ 主编那样的慧眼和勇气,敢于力排众议,发表 Parker 太阳风理论这样标新立异的文章。 至于副主编,特别是比较重要刊物的副主编,权力也很大。比如著名的《美国地球物理学报》 JGR 的空间版,就在主编下设两个地区副主编(亚洲、欧洲 Associate Editor )。文章分由这三个主编处理,无法决定的由三个主编协商解决。另一个例子是 PRL ,每个领域有一到两名副主编( Associate Editor ,即同行所称 Division Editor )。如果你不同意 referee 的意见,可以 appeal 。一般 Editor 会 assign 第三个 referee 来做公判。但是你认为这第三个 referee 也不公平,或者你觉得他的观点也不对,你可以继续 appeal 。这时 Editor 会把你的 appeal 和你与几个 referee 争论的所有材料送给 Division Editor ,让他(她)做最后决断。这个决定是最后决定。所以 PRL 副主编的权力是很大的。 一个刊物要办好,很大程度上取决于其主编和副主编们的水平和 vision 。
08年11月28日给Acta Mater投了一篇文章,当时推荐了4位审稿人,1位是英国的老院士,2位是美国的领域内知名教授,1位是国内此领域的领军人物。 第二天就送审了(窃喜,第一关终于过了)。 Under review 大概1个月后,状态变了,似乎是审完了,蛮以为马上就能等到decision letter. 结果是又变成 under review了,没办法再等了。 09年2月11号的时候,终于来了Comment. 结果发现就只有一个审稿人,意见是: This is a very interesting paper and is certainly worthy of publication. It would benefit from consideration of the following points: 1.......... 2. p 5 line 7 ....... 3. the authors may very well be correct about 'an alternative mechanism' for shear banding instability (page 6/7 turnover), but have they done any Recht-type calculations to show that the usual mechanism is inappropriate? 4. p 8 top omission of separation energy. .......... ============ 意见总算还行,好好修改还是希望蛮大的。但是,有个疑问,Acta Mater就一个审稿人么? 还是因为前面已经送审,没有实质性意见,同意发表。编辑又找了第3审稿人进行审稿了? 从审稿意见,我马上知道了,这个审稿人就是我们推荐的那一位英国院士。 跟导师讨论了一次后,准备了cover letter, response letter and revised manuscript. 昨天晚上(2.19)通过在线投稿系统提交了过去。 今天早上打开邮件一看,GOOD NEWS!! Ref.:Ms. No. A-08-2015R1 Formation mechanism of lamellar chip in machining bulk metallic glass Acta Materialia Dear ...... I am pleased to inform you that your manuscript has now been accepted for publication. ................. Thank you for publishing your article in Acta Materialia. Yours sincerely, ......... Processing Editor Acta Materialia 这么短时间肯定没有再次送给审稿人看了,这位副主编就作了接受的决定。 看来,以后在投稿过程中,还是不能小视主编、副主编等, 因为他们一般也是科学家,非常熟悉领域动态的。 通过此次投稿还总结了一条成功的经验: 你想你的文章中Acta Mater,那就按Nat Mater来准备吧!
王志明同学在科学网上和人掐架,把我也牵扯进去了,因为我在他的博文 办好中国高水平的期刊,关键是编辑水平 中留言说: 标题: 发表评论人: siccashq 王兄终于点头承认期刊还是要靠人的声誉这些软实力了吧,这正如国内的大楼,即便是修的再好看,里面没内涵还是没人去;一篇文章里面图画的再花哨,没有科学内涵,就很难有人记住去引用;一本期刊,铜版纸印刷的分辨率越高,也抵不过一篇名家短文的号召力。 你又要说中国肯送版面费,又抱怨编辑水平低,似乎就最后的这一通牢骚说道点之上了。 博主回复:在国外办刊,都是在围绕着钱打转,找钱办刊,收钱维持,赚钱发展。我也是因为钱的问题而把NRL交给了Springer。所以,刚到科学网,开博就谈钱也是很自然的。后来才意识到,在中国办刊,钱居然不是问题,哪还办不好期刊,就有点说不过去了... (先扯句题外话,早先建议科学网要注意尊重评论者的工作,如果想引用某位评委的评论,怎么也得给这个评论编个号吧) 我完全赞同王志明同学这篇文章的论点,科学期刊生存和发展的基础在于所发表的论文,而如何吸引好的论文是由主编和期刊的历史声誉决定的,而不仅仅是IF。王兄早先对中国发展OA很乐观,因为中国物质条件和制度条件都在,所要做的仅仅是提高一点版面费和开放一下资源,是不是能够完全开放必须把万方和知网收购下来。这个办刊的假设在技术上完全没有困难,但是王兄口口声声要说办出优秀的国际期刊却存在大问题。王兄以为轻轻摁一下OA这个模式杠杆就能把ACS,AAAA,Wiley等大出版机构翘翻了过去,结果发现即便让科技工作者完全了解了开放存取的好处,也不可能把顶尖研究小组的文章引过来,别的期刊就不说了,援引王兄评论自己所主编NRL的体会: 为什么NRL到现在还没有Harvard和MIT的投稿,因为这些单位的稿子质量太高了,都流到高IF的Nature,Science,和Nano Letters去了,让我们的影响因子只能到2.为什么世界的科研工作者就是追求这些东西,而不是实实在在的追求一下他们自己研究的东西,做研究就是做研究,为什么要发高影响力的期刊啊! 这是不是很有'世界特色'啊! 王兄问了三个为什么,终于问出了答案,就是主编的问题。科学出版物应该由科学大家来担纲,说实在话,这些专业期刊就是一些专业爱好者的博客网。wiley出版社为啥喜欢找诺贝尔奖获得者做顾问?就是要找旗手。ACS为啥出的新期刊都先重点推出主编(如NANO ACS和ACS APPL. MATER.),就是要依赖主编的号召力。国内期刊编委会也有一大群的院士,但是院士并不真正参与到期刊的运作中来。 其实王兄也不用妄自菲薄,中国搞OA有希望成功的还是有候选者,如清华大学和springer合作办的NANO RESEARCH。这个期刊有一个编辑团队,都是华人中有名的科学家,如戴宏杰,彭晓刚,李亚东,薛其坤等。前几天收到该期刊的一封通信,广告通知下一期的文章目录,都是OA期刊,为啥别人就能约到一些优秀研究小组的工作报告?这不都是靠主编的专业影响力?所以说,国内的编辑们也不必拿主义来反驳自己实力如何,承认这个事实是必然的。依靠几个老院士是不管用的,要依赖年轻一线的科学工作者才是出路。 ----------------- The 5th issue of Nano Research (by Tsinghua/Springer) is now online. Please see http://www.thenanoresearch.com /. The journal is published monthly, and will be open-access in 2008 and 2009. Please see the following list of the latest issue (listed by corresponding authors): - Stephan Roche (Institute for Nanoscienc and Cryogenics, France): Review of transport properties of graphene-based low dimensional materials -Jing Guo (University of Florida, USA): Edge effects in graphene nanoribbon transistor -Yadong Li (Tsinghua University, China): Monodisperse Se colloid spheres and nanowires -James M. Tour (Rice University, USA): Nanotrains built with bipyridones - Mauricio Terrones (IPICYT, Mexico): Magnetic ZnO nanoribbons and clusters - James Hone Colin Nuckolls (Columbia University, USA): Serpentine carbon nanotubes - Chuanhong Jin Kazu Suenaga(National Institute of AIST, Japan): Evidence of Lip-lip interaction in mutli-walled carbon nanotubes Please see http://www.thenanoresearch.com/ to read these papers. Welcome to Nano Res for rapid publication of your exciting results. Please note that we encourage submission of 'hot articles' that can be reviewed in ~ 2 weeks. Please do include reasons that your submission should belong to this category in your cover letter. If you don't want to receive any more information related to Nano Research, please reply to this message and put unsubscribe in the subject line. Kind regards, Hongjie Dai Xiaogang Peng Yadong Li Qikun Xue Editors of Nano Research ---------------------------------------- 王兄也不必休博,休息倒可以。
今早看到本领域一篇新闻,很是兴奋。看完后却对我们的编辑非常失望,这是最近一段时间来我对科学网编辑的第二次失望。 大气中存在清除酸雨的奇特分子 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/20088151010205433140.html 这种分子通常是由两个氢原子结合而成,这非常类似于水分子结构。 该奇特分子之所以能够清除污染物质是由于其弱氧结合性,能够将水分子吸附在一起。它的结构具有两个氢原子,使其形成六边环形结构,这种氢原子结合方式通常比正常氢原子结合更微弱一些,这被称为共价键(covalent bonds)。事实上,共价键要比氢原子结构强20倍,弗朗西斯科称,但在这种情况下,两个氢原子结合方式已很强,足以影响大气层的化学物质。......(来源:新浪科技 魏冬) 让我们来看看原文摘要: PNAS论文摘要 Spectroscopic identification and stability of the intermediate in the OH + HONO 2 reaction Bridget A. O'Donnell , Eunice X. J. Li , , Marsha I. Lester , , and Joseph S. Francisco + Author Affiliations Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323; and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084 Edited by F. Fleming Crim, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, and accepted February 22, 2008 (received for review January 11, 2008) Abstract The reaction of nitric acid with the hydroxyl radical influences the residence time of HONO 2 in the lower atmosphere. Prior studies have revealed unusual kinetic behavior for this reaction, including a negative temperature dependence, a complex pressure dependence, and an overall reaction rate strongly affected by isotopic substitution. This behavior suggested that the reaction occurs through an intermediate, theoretically predicted to be a hydrogen-bonded OHHONO 2 complex in a six-membered ring-like configuration. In this study, the intermediate is generated directly by the association of photolytically generated OH radicals with HONO 2 and stabilized in a pulsed supersonic expansion. Infrared action spectroscopy is used to identify the intermediate by the OH radical stretch ( 1 ) and OH stretch of nitric acid ( 2 ) in the OHHONO 2 complex. Two vibrational features are attributed to OHHONO 2 : a rotationally structured 1 band at 3516.8 cm 1 and an extensively broadened 2 feature at 3260 cm 1 , both shifted from their respective monomers. These same transitions are identified for ODDONO 2 . Assignments of the features are based on their vibrational frequencies, analysis of rotational band structure, and comparison with complementary high level ab initio calculations. In addition, the OH ( v = 0) product state distributions resulting from 1 and 2 excitation are used to determine the binding energy of OHHONO 2 , D 0 5.3 kcalmol 1 , which is in good accord with ab initio predictions. 这很明显是两码事!中文编辑的翻译明显会误导我们的决策者,因为他们没有时间和精力去看原文!