http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01iwlbuqmmlsnoI9cI1I00f01000j10040001rl 检索策略(Adverse or safety and Influenza A (H1N1)vaccine) =Safety 1 2 Top Years Publications 2009 14 2008 9 2007 7 2006 7 2003 7 2001 5 1996 4 2004 3 1988 3 1983 3 2005 2 1998 2 1993 2 1986 2 2000 1 1999 1 1997 1 1994 1 1987 1 1985 1 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 31 Israel 4 Italy 4 China 3 Belgium 3 Canada 3 Germany 2 Australia 2 United Kingdom 2 Netherlands 2 Russia 2 Thailand 1 Poland 1 Brazil 1 Costa Rica 1 France 1 Finland 1 Turkey 1 Japan 1 1 2 Top Cities Publications Nashville 6 Baltimore 5 Atlanta 3 Houston 3 Halifax 3 Rochester 2 Memphis 2 Seattle 2 Saint Petersburg 2 Cincinnati 1 Mainz 1 Beijing 1 Pittsburgh 1 Krakw 1 London 1 So Paulo 1 Naples 1 Antwerp 1 Ghent 1 Siena 1 1 2 1 2 Top Journals Publications Vaccine 17 J Infect Dis 13 Pediatr Infect Dis J 8 Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 6 N Engl J Med 3 Mmwr Recomm Rep 3 Lancet 1 Med Microbiol Immunol 1 Am J Obstet Gynecol 1 Semin Arthritis Rheum 1 Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 1 Immun Ageing 1 Curr Opin Mol Ther 1 Am J Transplant 1 J Am Geriatr Soc 1 Medicina-buenos Aire 1 Antimicrob Agents Ch 1 Influenza Other Respi Viruses 1 Jama 1 Hum Vaccin 1 1 2 1 2 3 ... 26 Top Authors Publications Wright P 9 Gruber W 6 Razmpour A 3 Halperin S 3 Forrest B 3 Mendelman P 3 Edwards K 3 Reed G 3 Vasil'eva R 3 Glezen W 2 Huber V 2 Couch R 2 CAIV-T Study Group 2 Treanor J 2 Klemola T 2 Cheng S 2 Skinner J 2 Saville M 2 Choe I 2 Fries L 2 1 2 3 ... 26 1 2 3 ... 24 Top Terms Publications Vaccines 77 Vaccination 77 Safety 77 Influenza, Human 77 Influenza Vaccines 75 Humans 67 Viruses 47 Immunization 46 Immunity 46 Antibodies, Viral 45 antigen binding 40 Antibodies 39 Adult 38 Vaccines, Inactivated 37 Child 35 Influenza B virus 35 Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype 34 Adolescent 34 Influenza A virus 33 Orthomyxoviridae 29 1 2 3 ... 24 PMID- 19200844 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20090522 DCOM- 20090722 IS - 0264-410X (Print) VI - 27 IP - 25-26 DP - 2009 May 26 TI - Influenza vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and in liver transplant recipients. PG - 3373-5 AB - To assess the safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination, patients with cirrhosis undergoing treatment or not and liver transplant recipients under standard immunosuppression were vaccinated and followed up for 6 months. One month after vaccination, seroprotection rates and antibody GMTs against the three vaccine antigens were higher than baseline levels in all three patients groups. No differences in seroconversion and seroprotection rates were found within groups, but antibody GMTs against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains were lower in liver transplant recipients than in patients with cirrhosis without treatment. No serious adverse events and no alteration of the liver function tests were observed. Patients with cirrhosis, including those under treatment, and liver transplant recipients benefit from influenza vaccination and can be safely immunized. AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Viral Hepatitis Unit, Second University of Naples, Italy. FAU - Gaeta, Giovanni B AU - Gaeta GB FAU - Pariani, Elena AU - Pariani E FAU - Amendola, Antonella AU - Amendola A FAU - Brancaccio, Giuseppina AU - Brancaccio G FAU - Cuomo, Gianluca AU - Cuomo G FAU - Stornaiuolo, Gianfranca AU - Stornaiuolo G FAU - Zappa, Alessandra AU - Zappa A FAU - Zanetti, Alessandro AU - Zanetti A LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20090205 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Liver Cirrhosis/*immunology MH - *Liver Transplantation MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Safety MH - *Vaccination EDAT- 2009/02/10 09:00 MHDA- 2009/07/23 09:00 CRDT- 2009/02/10 09:00 PHST- 2009/02/05 AID - S0264-410X(09)00105-4 AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.077 PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2009 May 26;27(25-26):3373-5. Epub 2009 Feb 5. PMID- 18162092 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20080123 DCOM- 20080415 LR - 20080821 IS - 1600-6143 (Electronic) VI - 8 IP - 2 DP - 2008 Feb TI - Influenza vaccination is efficacious and safe in renal transplant recipients. PG - 332-7 AB - Whether influenza vaccination in solid-organ transplant recipients is efficacious remains a controversial issue. Furthermore, theoretical concerns have been raised regarding the safety of vaccination as it might trigger rejection of the allograft. The present prospective trial is aimed at investigating the antibody response and safety of influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients (RTR). A total of 165 RTR and 41 healthy volunteers were vaccinated with a standard trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies were quantified before and 1 month after vaccination. Seroprotection (SP) and seroresponse (SR) were defined as a titer or =40 and a 4-fold rise in HI titer, respectively. Similar SR rates were observed in both groups. Postvaccination SP rates in RTR amounted to 92.7%, 78.7% and 82.9% for A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B, respectively. High baseline SP rates, most probably reflecting frequent preimmunizations, explain partly the high postvaccination SP rates. SR rate was independently and inversely associated with baseline SP rate. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) usage was associated with a 2.6-5-fold lower SR. Nonetheless, these patients showed good postvaccination SP rates. A booster dose did not enhance SP or SR rates. Influenza vaccination neither affected allograft function nor caused rejection episodes. In conclusion, influenza vaccination is efficacious and safe in renal transplantation. AD - Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. johan.scharpe@gza.be FAU - Scharpe, J AU - Scharpe J FAU - Evenepoel, P AU - Evenepoel P FAU - Maes, B AU - Maes B FAU - Bammens, B AU - Bammens B FAU - Claes, K AU - Claes K FAU - Osterhaus, A D AU - Osterhaus AD FAU - Vanrenterghem, Y AU - Vanrenterghem Y FAU - Peetermans, W E AU - Peetermans WE LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20071219 PL - Denmark TA - Am J Transplant JT - American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons JID - 100968638 RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 60-27-5 (Creatinine) SB - IM CIN - Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 Jul;4(7):358-9. PMID: 18506171 MH - Adult MH - Antibody Formation MH - Creatinine/blood MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology MH - Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/*immunology MH - Influenza B virus/*immunology MH - *Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects MH - Kidney Transplantation/*immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Prospective Studies MH - Reference Values MH - Safety EDAT- 2007/12/29 09:00 MHDA- 2008/04/16 09:00 CRDT- 2007/12/29 09:00 PHST- 2007/12/19 AID - AJT2066 AID - 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02066.x PST - ppublish SO - Am J Transplant. 2008 Feb;8(2):332-7. Epub 2007 Dec 19. PMID- 16303215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20060220 DCOM- 20060512 IS - 0264-410X (Print) VI - 24 IP - 10 DP - 2006 Mar 6 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of a Proteosome -trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, given nasally to healthy adults. PG - 1601-8 AB - We studied the safety and immunogenicity of a nasally administered vaccine comprising three monovalent inactivated influenza antigens (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2), and B/Guangdong/120/2000) non-covalently associated with outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis (Proteosome) in normal, healthy adults. In a randomized, double-blind trial participants (n = 78) were allocated to placebo or a single nasal dose of vaccine containing 15, 30, or 45 microg of each of the three HA antigens, or two nasal doses containing 30 microg of each HA, separated by 2 weeks. The vaccine was generally well tolerated in all doses tested, and in a one or two-dose schedule. A shallow vaccine reactogenicity dose-response was seen. The most common local reaction was nasal congestion, which occurred in up to 48.3% of vaccine recipients in days 0-6 after vaccine but was mild and self-limiting; this reaction was not significantly more common among active vaccine recipients than placebo recipients. Mild to moderate headache was the most commonly reported systemic reactogenicity complaint in all treatment groups, and was the only solicited complaint to increase significantly in frequency after a second active dose. No severe systemic reactions occurred. A positive and statistically significant antibody response was observed, in serum and in nasal secretions, to increasing dose for all three antigens. Serum HAI titre responses and nasal secretory IgA immune responses were elicited against all three antigens. Further testing of this nasal influenza vaccine is warranted to determine its safety and immunogenicity in these populations and its efficacy in the prevention of clinical illness. AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Joanne.Langley@dal.ca FAU - Langley, Joanne M AU - Langley JM FAU - Halperin, Scott A AU - Halperin SA FAU - McNeil, Shelly AU - McNeil S FAU - Smith, Bruce AU - Smith B FAU - Jones, Taff AU - Jones T FAU - Burt, David AU - Burt D FAU - Mallett, Corey P AU - Mallett CP FAU - Lowell, George H AU - Lowell GH FAU - Fries, Louis AU - Fries L LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial, Phase I PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20051014 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) SB - IM MH - Administration, Intranasal MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*administration dosage MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Drug Delivery Systems MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Influenza Vaccines/*administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology MH - Middle Aged MH - Nanostructures MH - Safety MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 2005/11/24 09:00 MHDA- 2006/05/13 09:00 CRDT- 2005/11/24 09:00 PHST- 2005/07/12 PHST- 2005/09/26 PHST- 2005/09/30 PHST- 2005/10/14 AID - S0264-410X(05)01036-4 AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.09.056 PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2006 Mar 6;24(10):1601-8. Epub 2005 Oct 14. PMID- 15640848 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20050110 DCOM- 20060808 LR - 20061115 IS - 1003-9279 (Print) VI - 18 IP - 3 DP - 2004 Sep TI - PG - 207-9 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of influenza split vaccine. METHODS: According to the criteria of No.2002SL0043, instruction of application for new drug in clinical trial issued by the State Food and Drug Administration, 876 healthy persons were divided at random into vaccine group and control group. The trial was performed with the double blind method. Local and systemic adverse reactions were observed within 3 days after the vaccine group subjects were vaccinated. The antibody response to vaccines was detected with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Numbers of seroconversions and HI titers greater than or equal to 40, as well as the mean geometric titer increase in HI were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in local and systemic adverse reaction between vaccine and control groups. Meanwhile there was also no significant difference in seroconversions and protective level between two groups. However, there was obvious difference in mean geometric titer increase of antibody against H1N1 virus, while there was no significant difference in that of antibodies to H3N2 and type B viruses. CONCLUSIONS: The safety and immunogenicity of both vaccines are excellent. AD - Changchun Changsheng Life Sciences Limited, Changchun 130012, China. FAU - Zhu, Chang-lin AU - Zhu CL FAU - Fang, Han-hua AU - Fang HH FAU - Zhu, Feng-cai AU - Zhu FC FAU - Wang, Yu-qi AU - Wang YQ FAU - Wu, Xiao-li AU - Wu XL FAU - Xue, Feng-bo AU - Xue FB FAU - Shen, Yan-jie AU - Shen YJ FAU - Lian, Jin-zhang AU - Lian JZ LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - China TA - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology JID - 9602873 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Fever/chemically induced MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Influenza A virus/*immunology MH - Influenza B virus/*immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects/classification/*immunology MH - Influenza, Human/*prevention control MH - Middle Aged MH - Safety MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects/classification/immunology EDAT- 2005/01/11 09:00 MHDA- 2006/08/09 09:00 CRDT- 2005/01/11 09:00 PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Sep;18(3):207-9. PMID- 12975010 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20030916 DCOM- 20041130 LR - 20061115 IS - 0254-6450 (Print) VI - 24 IP - 7 DP - 2003 Jul TI - PG - 570-3 AB - OBJECTIVE: To compare the reactogenicity and serology between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study was carried out among children (age 6 - 12 years) in order to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an influenza inactivated subunit vaccine (Agrippal, Chiron Vaccines) with that of a split vaccine (Flurix, GSK). RESULTS: A total of 499 subjects were vaccinated and included in the safety analysis. A total of 249 subjects received Agrippal and 250 received Flurix. All subjects were kept under medical observation for 30 minutes in order to check the evidence of having any immediate local and systemic reaction. Daily observation records were collected during the 3-day follow-up after vaccination. 6.4% of the cases with fever or= 37.5 degrees C was reported in the Flurix group, but 2.4% in Agrippal group which was significantly less than the former group (P 0.05). Blood samples (the D0 pre- and D23 post-vaccination sera) were collected from 224 of Agrippal group and 223 of Flurix group and analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Agrippal and Flurix induced similar seroprotection (HI titer or= 1:40, H1N1 99.6% vs 100.0%; H3N2 99.1% vs 99.1%) and seroconversion (4-fold increase, 95.1% vs 97.8%; H3N2 74.5% vs 79.8%) rates and geometric mean titer (GMT) increase (16.0 vs 21.0; 5.4 vs 6.4) against the two A subtypes. A similar seroprotection rate (94.2% vs 96.4%) and GMT increase (21.2 vs 18.2) against the influenza B strain were also noticed in both vaccines. No significant difference was found in the results of immunological assay between the two vaccines (P 0.05). A lower seroconversion rate against B strain was observed in Agrippal group than in Flurix group (91.1% vs 97.3%). CONCLUSION: In terms of safety, both vaccines were generally well tolerated. The fever reaction was less frequently seen in the Agrippal group. Both vaccines induced an effective immune response in the vaccines. AD - Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control, Zhengzhou 450053, China. FAU - Dong, Pu-mei AU - Dong PM FAU - Li, Yu-qin AU - Li YQ FAU - Zheng, Tian-zhu AU - Zheng TZ FAU - Jia, Yong-pu AU - Jia YP FAU - Li, Feng AU - Li F FAU - Han, Tong-wu AU - Han TW FAU - Qiao, Rong-xian AU - Qiao RX FAU - Zhang, Bao-hua AU - Zhang BH LA - chi PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - China TA - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi JT - Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi JID - 8208604 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Subunit) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Child MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Fever/chemically induced MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Influenza A virus/immunology MH - Influenza B virus/immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/*adverse effects/classification/*immunology MH - Influenza, Human/*prevention control MH - Male MH - Safety MH - *Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects/immunology MH - Vaccines, Subunit/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 2003/09/17 05:00 MHDA- 2004/12/16 09:00 CRDT- 2003/09/17 05:00 PST - ppublish SO - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2003 Jul;24(7):570-3. PMID- 12559808 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20030131 DCOM- 20031031 LR - 20071115 IS - 0264-410X (Print) VI - 21 IP - 11-12 DP - 2003 Mar 7 TI - Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a split and a subunit-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in elderly subjects. PG - 1268-74 AB - A randomised, open study was carried out among an elderly population in order to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated, split virion influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip, Aventis Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France) with that of an MF59-adjuvanted, subunit vaccine (Fluad, Chiron Vaccines, Siena, Italy). Both vaccines contained the three strains: A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2), A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) and B/Beijing/184/93, recommended by the WHO for the 1998-1999 influenza season. A total of 2150 subjects were vaccinated and included in the reactogenicity analysis. A total of 1076 subjects received Vaxigrip (age 73.3 +/- 5.9 years, 49.6% men) and 1074 subjects received Fluad (age 73.4 +/- 5.9 years, 52.3% men). All subjects were kept under medical observation for 30 min after vaccination, in order to check any immediate local and/or systemic reaction. A self monitoring diary card was given to all subjects to collect any local and/or systemic reaction occurring during the 3 days following the vaccination, any adverse event occurring between vaccination day and 21st day post-vaccination and any medication taken during the study period. A total of 1186 subjects were included in the immunogenicity analysis. A total of 591 subjects received Vaxigrip (age 73.4 +/- 5.6 years, 52.3% men) and 595 subjects received Fluad (age 73.8 +/- 5.9 years, 55.8% men). Blood samples were collected pre- and 21 days post-vaccination and were analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition assay. In terms of reactogenicity both vaccines were generally well tolerated. The frequency of local reactions was lower in the group that received Vaxigrip. Pain at the injection site occurring from 30 min to 3 days after vaccination was also significantly less frequent (P = 0.005) in the Vaxigrip group. Fever or =37.5 degrees C was reported in less than 1% of all vaccinated subjects. No serious adverse event was related to vaccine administration. In terms of immunogenicity both vaccines induced an effective immune response (anti-HI titre or =40) against A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) and A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) strains in the entire population. Vaxigrip and Fluad induced similar seroprotection and seroconversion rates against the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) strain. For both vaccines a lower percentage of subjects achieved a seroprotective titre or =40 against the B/Beijing/184/93. A lower antibody response against the influenza B strain was also observed in other studies conducted during the same season. In subjects 75 years of age or older, Fluad was more immunogenic than Vaxigrip for all three virus strains. CI - Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. AD - Direzione Sanitaria-Azienda IRCCS, Ospedale Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy. squarcione@inmi.it FAU - Squarcione, S AU - Squarcione S FAU - Sgricia, S AU - Sgricia S FAU - Biasio, L R AU - Biasio LR FAU - Perinetti, E AU - Perinetti E LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Clinical Trial, Phase IV PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Combined) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Subunit) RN - 0 (fluad vaccine) RN - 0 (vaxigrip) SB - IM MH - *Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis MH - Erythema/etiology MH - Fatigue/etiology MH - Female MH - Fever/etiology MH - Humans MH - Immunization Programs MH - Influenza A virus/immunology MH - Influenza B virus/immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines MH - Influenza, Human/*prevention control MH - Italy MH - Male MH - Pain/etiology MH - Safety MH - Vaccination MH - Vaccines/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects/immunology MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Vaccines, Subunit/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 2003/02/01 04:00 MHDA- 2003/11/01 05:00 CRDT- 2003/02/01 04:00 AID - S0264410X02004012 PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2003 Mar 7;21(11-12):1268-74. PMID- 12559802 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20030131 DCOM- 20031031 LR - 20081121 IS - 0264-410X (Print) VI - 21 IP - 11-12 DP - 2003 Mar 7 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza vaccine blended and filled at two manufacturing facilities. PG - 1224-31 AB - This study was designed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent live-attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV-T) blended and filled at two different manufacturing facilities (Medeva and Aviron-PA). The vaccines contained approximately 10(7) TCID(50) (median tissue culture infectious dose) of each of the three recommended 1997-1998 influenza vaccine components, A/Shenzhen/227/95 (H1N1) (A/Bayern/7/95 (H1N1)-like strain), A/Wuhan/359/95 (H3N2), and B/Ann Arbor/1/94 (B/Beijing/184/93-like strain). Two hundred and twenty-five healthy Australian children aged 12-42 months were enrolled and randomized in a 3:2 ratio to receive CAIV-T blended and filled either at Medeva or at Aviron-PA. Two doses of CAIV-T were given 4-6 weeks apart as an intranasal spray. Three blood specimens were collected (immediately before doses one and two, and 28 +/- 5 days following dose two) for measuring hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses. Adverse events occurring within 10 days and serious adverse events occurring within 42 days were collected. Serum HAI antibody levels were measured against the three vaccine strains. Equivalent immunogenicity between the two vaccine groups was pre-specified as: (1) within 20% difference in seroconversion rates (HAI titers or =4-fold rise); and (2) within 4-fold difference in the 90% confidence interval of geometric mean titer ratio. Among 10 pre-specified adverse events, only vomiting had significantly different incidence rates in the two vaccine groups following dose one (3% versus 13%, P = 0.01) but the difference disappeared following dose two (4% versus 4%). Differences in seroconversion rates following dose two between the two vaccine groups in pre-vaccination seronegative children were all 20% for the three vaccine strains (16% for H1N1, 0% for H3N2, and 0% for B). The results indicate that CAIV-T blended and filled in the two facilities had equivalent profiles of safety and immunogenicity. CI - Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. AD - Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vict, Australia. FAU - Nolan, Terry AU - Nolan T FAU - Lee, Min-Shi AU - Lee MS FAU - Cordova, Julie M AU - Cordova JM FAU - Cho, Iksung AU - Cho I FAU - Walker, Robert E AU - Walker RE FAU - August, Marilyn J AU - August MJ FAU - Larson, Susan AU - Larson S FAU - Coelingh, Kathleen L AU - Coelingh KL FAU - Mendelman, Paul M AU - Mendelman PM LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - IM MH - Antibodies, Viral/*immunology MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cold Temperature MH - Cross Reactions MH - Double-Blind Method MH - *Drug Industry MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Influenza A virus/immunology MH - Influenza B virus/immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Male MH - Prospective Studies MH - Safety MH - Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects/immunology MH - Vomiting/etiology EDAT- 2003/02/01 04:00 MHDA- 2003/11/01 05:00 CRDT- 2003/02/01 04:00 AID - S0264410X0200484X PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2003 Mar 7;21(11-12):1224-31. PMID- 11535320 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20010905 DCOM- 20020107 LR - 20071114 IS - 0264-410X (Print) VI - 19 IP - 32 DP - 2001 Sep 14 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of varying dosages of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine administered by needle-free jet injectors. PG - 4703-9 AB - To evaluate the perceived pain, other adverse events, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine administered by needle-free jet injector (JI) compared with that of vaccine administered by needle and syringe (NS), we randomly assigned 304 healthy young adults to receive one of three dosages (0.5, 0.3, or 0.2 ml) of the 1998-1999 season vaccine administered by either of two JI devices or by NS. In multivariate analysis, female gender and JI administration were associated with higher levels of pain reported at the time of vaccination as well as with the occurrence of local injection site reactions following vaccination. Immune response did not vary significantly by dosage but administration by one JI device was associated with higher post-vaccination H1N1 antibody titers. AD - Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA. lajack@u.washington.edu FAU - Jackson, L A AU - Jackson LA FAU - Austin, G AU - Austin G FAU - Chen, R T AU - Chen RT FAU - Stout, R AU - Stout R FAU - DeStefano, F AU - DeStefano F FAU - Gorse, G J AU - Gorse GJ FAU - Newman, F K AU - Newman FK FAU - Yu, O AU - Yu O FAU - Weniger, B G AU - Weniger BG CN - Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Group LA - eng GR - M01-RR-00037/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - England TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Influenza A virus/immunology MH - Influenza B virus/immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/*administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology MH - Influenza, Human/prevention control MH - Injections, Intramuscular MH - Injections, Jet MH - Male MH - Pain/etiology MH - Pain Measurement MH - Safety MH - Sex Factors MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Vaccination/*methods MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 2001/09/06 10:00 MHDA- 2002/01/10 10:01 CRDT- 2001/09/06 10:00 AID - S0264410X01002250 PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2001 Sep 14;19(32):4703-9. PMID- 11292151 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20010406 DCOM- 20010726 LR - 20061115 IS - 0394-9532 (Print) VI - 13 IP - 1 DP - 2001 Feb TI - Immunogenicity and safety of three commercial influenza vaccines in institutionalized elderly. PG - 38-43 AB - Influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. This prospective, observed-blind, randomized, multicenter trial compares the immunogenicity and safety of three influenza vaccines in a sample of 635 elderly residents of four nursing homes in Milano (Italy). All vaccines were well tolerated: no serious adverse events were recorded, and a small number (9 subjects) of local and systemic reactions were observed. Twenty-nine oropharyngeal swabs were taken during the season from ILI (influenza-like illness) patients, none of whom was positive for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Immunogenicity was evaluated in a subgroup of 111 subjects with blood samples obtained just before vaccination and after 4 and 12 weeks. The adjuvanted vaccines, subunit vaccine with MF59 (a-SUV) and virosome subunit vaccine (v-SUV), induced a higher antibody response than whole virus vaccine (WVV). There was no significant difference between groups that received a-SUV and v-SUV, but the a-SUV group had higher values of geometric mean titres than the v-SUV group for H1N1 and B influenza strains. These findings suggest that influenza vaccination is effective, and they underscore the importance of vaccination programs for institutionalized elderly. Further studies are needed to compare other adjuvanted vaccines in order to define their different properties. AD - Institute of Virology, University of Milano, ASL Citta di Milano, Italy. Fabrizio.Pregliasco@unimi.it FAU - Pregliasco, F AU - Pregliasco F FAU - Mensi, C AU - Mensi C FAU - Serpilli, W AU - Serpilli W FAU - Speccher, L AU - Speccher L FAU - Masella, P AU - Masella P FAU - Belloni, A AU - Belloni A LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Italy TA - Aging (Milano) JT - Aging (Milan, Italy) JID - 9102503 RN - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic) RN - 0 (Antibodies) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (MF59 oil emulsion) RN - 0 (Polysorbates) RN - 0 (Virosomes) RN - 111-02-4 (Squalene) SB - IM MH - Adjuvants, Immunologic MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Antibodies/analysis MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Influenza Vaccines/*adverse effects/*immunology MH - Male MH - *Nursing Homes MH - Polysorbates MH - Prospective Studies MH - Safety MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Squalene MH - Virosomes EDAT- 2001/04/09 10:00 MHDA- 2001/07/28 10:01 CRDT- 2001/04/09 10:00 PST - ppublish SO - Aging (Milano). 2001 Feb;13(1):38-43. PMID- 8717382 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 19961016 DCOM- 19961016 LR - 20061115 IS - 0168-1656 (Print) VI - 44 IP - 1-3 DP - 1996 Jan 26 TI - Clinical and immunological characteristics of the emulsion form of inactivated influenza vaccine delivered by oral immunization. PG - 21-8 AB - Prophylaxis of human respiratory diseases caused by influenza viruses is actually a problem of infectious pathology because of their wide prevalence. In our investigations, safety, reactogenicity and immunological activity of the orally administered emulsion-inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from influenza virus strains of types A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B have been studied. Clinical studies of the emulsion-inactivated influenza vaccine on volunteers has shown its safety and nonreactogenicity. The orally administered vaccine did not cause weak, middle or strong general or local reactions including clinical, biochemical, haemotological and immunological reactions. The emulsion-inactivated vaccine has high immunological activity and induces reliable increases in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A to influenza viruses A and B in protective titers in nasal secretions and saliva of volunteers after one oral administration. The obtained results indicate the expediency of further investigation and improvement of inactivated influenza vaccine for oral administration. AD - Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St. Petersburg, Russia. FAU - Avtushenko, S S AU - Avtushenko SS FAU - Sorokin, E M AU - Sorokin EM FAU - Zoschenkova, N Y AU - Zoschenkova NY FAU - Zacharova, N G AU - Zacharova NG FAU - Naichin, A N AU - Naichin AN LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - NETHERLANDS TA - J Biotechnol JT - Journal of biotechnology JID - 8411927 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Emulsions) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin A, Secretory) RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) SB - B MH - Administration, Oral MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis/blood MH - Antibody Formation MH - Emulsions MH - Humans MH - Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis/biosynthesis MH - Influenza A virus/immunology MH - Influenza B virus/immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/*administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology MH - Influenza, Human/epidemiology/immunology/prevention control MH - Prevalence MH - Safety MH - Saliva/immunology MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/*administration dosage/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 1996/01/26 MHDA- 1996/01/26 00:01 CRDT- 1996/01/26 00:00 AID - 0168-1656(95)00105-0 AID - 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00105-0 PST - ppublish SO - J Biotechnol. 1996 Jan 26;44(1-3):21-8. PMID- 8390548 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 19930720 DCOM- 19930720 LR - 20071114 IS - 0022-1899 (Print) VI - 168 IP - 1 DP - 1993 Jul TI - Comparison of monovalent and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines in young children. PG - 53-60 AB - Fifty children, 6 months to 2 years of age, were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent preparation containing 10(6) TCID50 each of H1N1 and H3N2 and 10(4) (n = 14) or 10(6) (n = 36) TCID50 of B live, attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza strains. The same doses were administered as monovalent vaccines to 69 comparably aged children. Forty-five controls were given placebo. No clinically significant adverse reactions to vaccines were observed. Of children seronegative to H1N1 or H3N2, or = 90% were infected by these vaccine strains. Trivalent vaccine containing 10(4) TCID50 of B infected only 27% of children seronegative to B (3/11), which was markedly reduced from the 88% infection rate (7/8) following monovalent B vaccine of the same dose (P = .02); increasing the B dose to 10(6) TCID50 increased the infection rate to 81% (21/26). Replication of ca influenza viruses in tissue culture matched vaccine responses. Trivalent ca influenza vaccines can be formulated that are safe and immunogenic in young children. AD - Dept. of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2581. FAU - Gruber, W C AU - Gruber WC FAU - Kirschner, K AU - Kirschner K FAU - Tollefson, S AU - Tollefson S FAU - Thompson, J AU - Thompson J FAU - Reed, G AU - Reed G FAU - Edwards, K M AU - Edwards KM FAU - Wright, P F AU - Wright PF LA - eng GR - AI-05050/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States GR - AI-29680/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - UNITED STATES TA - J Infect Dis JT - The Journal of infectious diseases JID - 0413675 RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) SB - AIM SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cell Line MH - Child, Preschool MH - Dogs MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Influenza A virus/*immunology MH - Influenza B virus/*immunology MH - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects/*immunology MH - Macaca mulatta MH - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology MH - Safety MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects/immunology EDAT- 1993/07/01 MHDA- 1993/07/01 00:01 CRDT- 1993/07/01 00:00 PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Dis. 1993 Jul;168(1):53-60. Results: 77 1. Importance of background rates of disease in assessment of vaccine safety during mass immunisation with pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines. Black S, Eskola J, Siegrist CA, Halsey N, Macdonald N, Law B, Miller E, Andrews N, Stowe J, Salmon D, Vannice K, Izurieta HS, Akhtar A, Gold M, Oselka G, Zuber P, Pfeifer D, Vellozzi C. Lancet . 2009 Oct 30. 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PMID: 18602726 Related articles Free article 19. Safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients. Zand MS. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol . 2008 Jul;4(7):358-9. Epub 2008 May 27. PMID: 18506171 Related articles 20. Safety and immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in infants. Halasa NB, Gerber MA, Chen Q, Wright PF, Edwards KM. J Infect Dis . 2008 May 15;197(10):1448-54. PMID: 18444800 Related articles 21. Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59trade mark-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in elderly Chinese subjects. Li R, Fang H, Li Y, Liu Y, Pellegrini M, Podda A. Immun Ageing . 2008 Feb 20;5:2. PMID: 18289372 Related articles Free article 22. FluBlok, a recombinant influenza vaccine. Huber VC, McCullers JA. Curr Opin Mol Ther . 2008 Feb;10(1):75-85. PMID: 18228185 Related articles 23. Influenza vaccination is efficacious and safe in renal transplant recipients. Scharp J, Evenepoel P, Maes B, Bammens B, Claes K, Osterhaus AD, Vanrenterghem Y, Peetermans WE. Am J Transplant . 2008 Feb;8(2):332-7. Epub 2007 Dec 19. PMID: 18162092 Related articles 24. Safety and immunogenicity of a high dosage trivalent influenza vaccine among elderly subjects. Couch RB, Winokur P, Brady R, Belshe R, Chen WH, Cate TR, Sigurdardottir B, Hoeper A, Graham IL, Edelman R, He F, Nino D, Capellan J, Ruben FL. Vaccine . 2007 Nov 1;25(44):7656-63. Epub 2007 Sep 14. PMID: 17913310 Related articles Free article 25. Safety and immunogenicity profile of the concomitant administration of ZOSTAVAX and inactivated influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 and older. Kerzner B, Murray AV, Cheng E, Ifle R, Harvey PR, Tomlinson M, Barben JL, Rarrick K, Stek JE, Chung MO, Schdel FP, Wang WW, Xu J, Chan IS, Silber JL, Schlienger K. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2007 Oct;55(10):1499-507. PMID: 17908055 Related articles 26. Immunogenicity and tolerability of inactivated flu vaccine in high risk and healthy children. Avila Aguero ML, Soriano-Fallas A, Umaa-Sauma MA, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Arnoux S. Medicina (B Aires) . 2007;67(4):351-9. PMID: 17891930 Related articles 27. Comparative immunogenicities of frozen and refrigerated formulations of live attenuated influenza vaccine in healthy subjects. Block SL, Reisinger KS, Hultquist M, Walker RE; CAIV-T Study Group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2007 Nov;51(11):4001-8. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PMID: 17724151 Related articles Free article 28. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2007. Fiore AE, Shay DK, Haber P, Iskander JK, Uyeki TM, Mootrey G, Bresee JS, Cox NJ; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR Recomm Rep . 2007 Jul 13;56(RR-6):1-54. PMID: 17625497 Related articles Free article 29. Preparation of genetically engineered A/H5N1 and A/H7N1 pandemic vaccine viruses by reverse genetics in a mixture of Vero and chicken embryo cells. Legastelois I, Garcia-Sastre A, Palese P, Tumpey TM, Maines TR, Katz JM, Vogel FR, Moste C. Influenza Other Respi Viruses . 2007 May;1(3):95-104. PMID: 19453414 Related articles 30. Safety and immunogenicity of a baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin influenza vaccine: a randomized controlled trial. Treanor JJ, Schiff GM, Hayden FG, Brady RC, Hay CM, Meyer AL, Holden-Wiltse J, Liang H, Gilbert A, Cox M. JAMA . 2007 Apr 11;297(14):1577-82. PMID: 17426277 Related articles Free article 31. Dose-related safety and immunogenicity of baculovirus-expressed trivalent influenza vaccine: a double-blind, controlled trial in adult patients with non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. Safdar A, Rodriguez MA, Fayad LE, Rodriguez GH, Pro B, Wang M, Romaguera JE, Goy AH, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Bodey GP, Kwak LW, Raad II, Couch RB. 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http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/11/224914.shtm 季节性流感病毒H3N2变异可能致疫苗失效 H3N2是三种季节性流感疫苗毒株之一 据《科学》网站报道,世界的目光如今都聚焦在甲型H1N1流感身上,但在东亚,另一种季节性流感病毒H3N2已经悄悄肆虐开来,而它在传播中的变异可能会使季节性流感疫苗失去效用。 H3N2是三种季节性流感疫苗毒株之一。但是,如果H3N2毒株在传播中变得与疫苗所用大为不同,该疫苗就会降低保护作用,从而就会导致更多的人患病。世卫组织助理总干事福田敬二说:对于当前的H3N2来说,我们没有相关的研究,所以现在我们无法预测,当前季节性流感疫苗能在多大程度上防御H3N2。 不过,来自中国的一些早期观察显示,中国境内流行的主要的H3N2可能与该流感疫苗失配。季节性流感疫苗所用的H3N2毒株是布里斯班亚型,而据中国国家流感中心主任舒跃龙所称,根据他们最近的研究,当前流行的主要的H3N2病毒为类珀斯病毒。舒跃龙同时指出,国家流感中心目前没有数据可供预测季节性流感疫苗对于这一病毒亚型的效用。 另据美国疾控中心流感部主任Nancy Cox所述,自今年8月30日以来,新型H1N1病毒占到了全美分离亚型的99%以上。不过她同时表示,分离出的H3N2亚型中,类珀斯病毒占到了17%。(科学网 梅进/编译) 更多阅读 《科学》网站相关报道(英文) http://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/11/sick-of-swine-f.html November 5, 2009 Sick of Swine Flu? Here Comes H3N2 by Jon Cohen With reporting by Martin Enserink . Although the worlds attention is focused on the novel H1N1 virus causing the swine flu pandemic, H3N2, a seasonal strain of influenza, has popped up in many East Asian countriesand some variants in circulation may outfox the seasonal vaccine in use. We have seen that H3N2 viruses have been in fairly broad circulation in some of the countries there, Keiji Fukuda, special adviser on pandemic to the director-general of the World Health Organization, said at a press conference today. The H3N2 strain is one of three in the seasonal influenza vaccines. But if the H3N2 strain in circulation differs substantially from the one used to make the vaccine, the vaccine may offer less protection, and more people will get sick than usual. For the current H3N2, we don't have such studies, so I can't tell you right now the degree the current seasonal vaccine will protect against the H3N2 virus, Fukuda says. However, some early indicators from China suggest that the main H3N2 in circulation there may be a mismatch with the vaccine strain. The H3N2 used in the seasonal vaccine is whats known as the Brisbane subtype. Yuelong Shu, director of the Chinese National Influenza Center in Beijing, told Science Insider in an e-mail that, according to their studies of recent isolates there, the majority of the H3N2 virus is Perth-like virus. Shu noted that the center has no data to estimate the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against this subtype. The novel H1N1 virus accounts for more than 99% of the isolates subtyped since 30 August in the United States, Nancy Cox, head of the influenza division at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told Science Insider in an e-mail 10 days ago. But she said that 17% of the H3N2 they had subtyped was Perth-like. Typically, H3N2 moves from East Asia to Europe and the United States, but Shu said it is too soon to know whether the Perth-like subtype in circulation will make major inroads in the West or reduce the effectiveness of the seasonal vaccine. I personally think it is too simple to this conclusion, cautioned Shu. We may need more data. http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01eowsutko01p1I1rI1I00f01000j10040001rl 45 documents semantically analyzed Top Years Publications 2008 16 2009 13 2007 5 2006 5 2003 2 2005 1 2004 1 2001 1 1987 1 Top Countries Publications USA 12 United Kingdom 5 Netherlands 4 Australia 4 Belgium 3 Italy 2 Japan 2 Israel 2 Sweden 1 Poland 1 Canada 1 Finland 1 Germany 1 China 1 Egypt 1 France 1 Austria 1 Russia 1 1 2 Top Cities Publications Rotterdam 3 Cambridge 3 Melbourne 2 Uppsala 1 Krakw 1 Halifax 1 Atlanta 1 Tampere 1 Marburg 1 Siena 1 Pittsburgh 1 Wavre 1 Mountain View 1 Memphis 1 Antwerp 1 Ghent 1 Oxford 1 Washington 1 Cairo 1 Houston 1 1 2 1 2 Top Journals Publications Vaccine 14 J Infect Dis 3 Plos One 3 Pediatrics 2 Pediatr Infect Dis J 2 Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2 J Med Virol 2 Science 2 Commun Dis Intell 2 Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1 Mmwr Recomm Rep 1 Cell 1 J Clin Invest 1 Virol J 1 Clin Vaccine Immunol 1 J Virol 1 Emerg Infect Dis 1 Clin Immunol 1 Med J Australia 1 Health Technol Assess 1 1 2 1 2 3 ... 20 Top Terms Publications Influenza, Human 45 Vaccines 44 Vaccination 44 Influenza Vaccines 41 Humans 39 Viruses 34 Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype 32 Immunization 31 Immunity 31 Disease Outbreaks 23 Orthomyxoviridae 22 Adult 22 Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype 20 Antibodies 19 antigen binding 19 Antigens 17 Adolescent 15 Influenza A virus 15 Antibodies, Viral 15 Animals 15 1 2 3 ... 20 1 2 3 ... 14 Top Authors Publications Kelly H 2 Fielding J 2 Zakay-Rones Z 2 Greenbaum E 2 Levy R 2 Morag A 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1 Podda A 1 Szymczakiewicz-Multanowska A 1 Groth N 1 Bugarini R 1 Lattanzi M 1 Casula D 1 Hilbert A 1 Tsai T 1 Wang E 1 Langley J 1 Sales V 1 McGeer A 1 Guasparini R 1 1 2 3 ... 14 相关研究论文 Results: 45 1. 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PMID: 3429857 Related articles 基因组信息 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Items 1 - 11 of 11 One page. 1: NC_007373 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 1, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 2,341 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 1 Created: 2005/08/30 2: NC_007372 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 2, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 2,341 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 2 Created: 2005/08/30 3: NC_007371 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 3, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 2,233 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 3 Created: 2005/08/30 4: NC_007370 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 8, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 890 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 8 Created: 2005/08/30 5: NC_007369 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 5, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,566 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 5 Created: 2005/08/30 6: NC_007368 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 6, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,467 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 6 Created: 2005/08/30 7: NC_007367 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 7, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,027 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 7 Created: 2005/08/30 8: NC_007366 Links Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 4, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,762 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 4 Created: 2005/08/30 9: NC_007382 Links Influenza A virus (A/Korea/426/68(H2N2)) segment 6, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,410 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 6 Created: 2005/08/30 10: NC_007381 Links Influenza A virus (A/Korea/426/68(H2N2)) segment 5, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 1,497 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 5 Created: 2005/08/30 11: NC_007380 Links Influenza A virus (A/Korea/426/68(H2N2)) segment 8, complete sequence ssRNA; linear ; Length: 838 nt Replicon Type: viral segment Replicon Name: segment 8 Created: 2005/08/30
艾滋病毒疫苗是人们的多年期盼,多少试验者曾经信心十足,但接连而来的失败,让许多人已经不报希望。直到最近在泰国进行的临床试验,经过舆论报道和炒作,人们再度燃起希望之火。尽管试验还是很初步,但有迹象表明这是人类首次取得对接种者一定程度的免疫力和预防作用。正是因为有这样的热点,几乎所有媒体都做了头版或重点报道。有的甚至大胆预测,如果大规模临床试验能证明疫苗的这一效果,至少可以给新一代的疫苗带来成功的希望。人类防治艾滋病的战役即将迎来黎明的曙光。 不过二周前的报道, 总有让人先宰后奏的感觉。因为仔细阅读所有的报道,不难发现,所有报道清一色都是出于临床试验单位和研究者的对外新闻稿,并没有经过专业性同行评审的刊物和会议报道。临床是如何设计的,结果是怎么分析的,有多少不同的统计处理?有没有不一致的地方和疑问?媒体并不十分清楚。临床试验的组织者承认,9月24日的报道是根据临床试验组织者的电话会议提供的信息所采编的。这很像国内的做法。 让我们再看一下世界各大媒体的报道和评论,肯定和赞赏的居多数,质疑和否定的很少。不过还是有不少专家学者包括国内的学者对此报道和进展持谨慎乐观。更多的希望能看到完整的数据再下结论。大家同意,即使是不及50%的预防接种,只要真正显示,接种者能有比对照组更明显的免疫效果,这还是算有突破,对未来开发艾滋疫苗是有帮助的。 不过根据最新报道,31%的免疫率似乎只是其中一种ITT统计分析所得的数据。还有另一组PP分析的数据显示在那些接受所有疫苗注射,所得到的结果仅为26%。华尔街日报说,这一受益并非有统计学意义。而且有16%的几率,这种临床效果可能存有偶然性。有统计学意义的Cutoff值为5%。军方的解释,是能够用于PP分析的自愿者数目太少。看来最初的报道是不够完整和严谨的。是否在更大规模的试验中,能让人们真正看到艾滋疫苗的希望,现在还难以预料。需要有更多时间,更多经费和更多耐心。 美国军方参与了这项由多家单位参与的研究计划,是这项试验的发起单位和资助方之一。它在周末在线发表了最新结果,并解释了数据公布的时间,释放更完整的数据。这项临床研究已经递交送审,要在主流专业杂志发表,正处于发表前沉默期。军方承诺,一旦过沉默期,会完整公布详细数据。 并在10月20号的巴黎艾滋疫苗会议上公开报道。以下是军方最新公布的数据和公告,其中有几段耐人寻味: The Thai Ministry of Public Health and other trial collaborators wished to inform the volunteers and Thai citizens of the results as soon as possible, instead of waiting for a scientific conference or publication. The multiple statistical analyses are all consistent with the same conclusion: that the vaccine was modestly effective at preventing HIV. However, explaining the differences between them is complex and the appropriate venue for this technical discussion of statistics is at an open scientific conference and in the scientific publication now under review at a major journal. The result based on the PP analysis is viewed to be consistent with the ITT analysis that was presented, even though the PP vaccine efficacy estimate was slightly lower and did not reach statistical significance due to the lower number of volunteers included in the PP analysis. http://www.hivresearch.org/phase3/phase3update-20091010.html 评论: 未经同行评议,擅自散发重大科技新闻,通常是国内某些科研院所领导们和急于喧宾夺主研究者的习惯做法。而某些素质水平欠佳的媒体记者有时会想当然地画蛇添足,大胆地帮助加工吹嘘一番,世界首创,国内领先重大突破,造成冠名污染和很多误导。一般认为,美国的新闻媒体对科技类新闻报道都比较严谨。科技类报道,通常是提前一周拿到科学,自然,细胞,新英格兰医学杂志等一流刊物推荐来的重要论文或进展,组织科技报道的记者采访不同的专家,撰写出有分量和水平的新闻稿和评论,适合大众口味阅读欣赏。这种有程序的,有专家点评的,而且是在同行评审之后发表的论文,再做大众化得新闻报道是比较妥当,比较客观,可以避免水份和忽悠。 那么这次美国军方组织的疫苗临床试验的报道为什么会是如此急着公布,显得不够谨慎?还涉嫌有选择性地报道比较有利的数据和结果呢? 问题可能出在临床试验的主持方和赞助方,军方的解释,是泰国方面希望让受试验的自愿者和本国公民尽快知道这一好消息。除此之外,是否还有其他因素呢? 我们不得而知。也许这次的临床试验真的有实质性突破和进展,同样,我们相信艾滋疫苗迟早会有戏。但这次报道疫苗进展的方式,并不十分妥当。晚一个月公布,就那么等不及吗? Big Deal, Really? 其实,现在网络时代,信息化非常发达。重大科研成果,完全可以得到很快发表的。即使有人想不经同行评审评议,就公开披露某些重大发现和进展,也未尝不可。但你不可以滥用公众对你的信任。信息披露者必须如实地报告尽量完整的实验方法,数据,结果,分析手段和结论。不然出现偏差和误导,会严重损害信息披露者个人,小组,院所的信誉和地位。 科学杂志的博客上,周末张贴一贴,主要根据最新发现的一些未经披露信息, 有博主做了精彩的点评:不管头条新闻说什么,单一的数字是不完整的结果。 科学进展和发现要经得起实践检验,没办法任意夸大其词, 或玩虚的,不是吗?
http://news.xinhuanet.com/health/2009-09/22/content_12093923.htm 药监局要求严密监测甲流疫苗不良反应 2009年09月22日 08:08:02 来源: 人民日报 【字号 大 中 小 】 【 留言 】 【 打印 】 【 关闭 】 【Email推荐: 】 为应对甲型H1N1流感的传播,国家食品药品监管局日前发出通知要求,从4个方面切实加强甲感疫苗研制、生产等各环节监管,确保疫苗生产质量和安全。高度关注甲感疫苗不良反应,一旦收到不良反应报告,应立即与当地疾病控制机构联系,积极配合疾控机构的调查诊断,并按规定逐级报告。 通知指出,首先要继续抓紧疫苗的审评审批。 其次,严格监管疫苗生产和储运,严格执行批准的甲感疫苗制造及检定规程,组织开展生产现场检查,指派监督员进驻企业,加强对生产过程及工艺环节的全程控制,确保产品质量及批间产品的均一性。加强疫苗电子监管,切实做到疫苗的可追踪、可溯源。对在监督检查中发现的疫苗质量问题或可能影响最终产品质量的问题,相关省药监部门应立即采取有效控制措施,责令企业停产整顿、召回产品。 第三,中国药品生物制品检定所要严格按照程序和时限进行甲感疫苗产品批签发,保证每一批疫苗质量安全。 第四,严密监测疫苗不良反应,相关省药监局应监督企业完善大规模人群免疫的风险管理和药物警戒计划,主动开展甲感疫苗不良反应报告、调查、分析、评价和处理。国家药品不良反应监测中心和各级药品不良反应监测机构应高度关注甲感疫苗不良反应,一旦收到不良反应报告,应立即与当地疾病控制机构联系,积极配合疾病控制机构的调查诊断,综合分析和科学判断,并按规定逐级报告。 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/9/223161.shtm 钟南山:慎重对待大规模接种甲流疫苗 国内多省市出现甲型H1N1流感聚集性病例,和此前的重症、死亡病例不同,香港近日出现多例死亡病例并无基础性疾病。昨天(9月7日)下午,主讲广东科协论坛第28期报告会的中国工程院院士钟南山就此表示,这并不代表秋季第二波甲流高峰已经杀到,目前也未发现病毒出现危险变异。 甲流病毒可威胁心脏 钟南山说:高峰的判定标准是大量出现病人以及死亡病例,证明病毒传染性强,毒力大。他表示,尽管迄今为止香港感染已超过一万人,并有死亡病例出现,但内地并未出现明显的发病高峰,七八月份还有所下降。目前国内多个出现聚集性病例的地区,发病人数未出现几何级增长。除了一名死于浴室漏电的患者外,国内尚未出现死亡病例,这显示我国第一阶段采取的围堵策略是有效的。 此前发现甲流病毒可导致呼吸衰竭,而现在,我们发现病毒也会威胁到神经和心脏。钟南山说,从广州、香港病人身上提取的病毒仍未发现有危险变异,并不代表病毒攻击力增强。任何流感都会死人,他说,季节性流感的死亡率在0.2%-0.3%左右,而甲流目前公布的死亡率为0.7%,但由于流感轻症患者未必需要就医,也能自行痊愈,因此这两个数据的基数都不清楚,存在一定水分。 慎重对待大规模接种 我国在全世界率先研制出甲流疫苗,两家企业已经通过审核,获得生产许可。目前有一万多人接受接种疫苗的临床试验,产生抗体,出现副作用的不多,证明疫苗有效。不过,钟南山表示对疫苗是否要立即进行大规模接种持保留意见。 上世纪70年代美国猪流感期间,曾因仓促推广接种疫苗,导致800人呼吸麻痹。他指出,我国研制的甲流疫苗现在的适用人群不算广,在安全性方面要非常慎重。 更多阅读 北京科兴甲型H1N1流感疫苗通过专家审评 我国颁发全球首个甲型H1N1流感疫苗生产批号 相关专题: 甲型H1N1流感 探秘 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/9/223334.shtm 《科学新闻》:甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种争议 钟南山建议在大量接种疫苗之前,最好先适当进行一些试点 9月10日,北京市的489家达标免疫接种门诊开始为60岁以上老人免费接种流感疫苗。按照中国卫生部的计划,参加国庆游行的人员都将优先接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗。北京一些中学老师也已经开始给学生家长发短信动员学生接种疫苗。 全球各国疫苗接种都已进入倒计时。7月,美国政府采购了1.95亿支流感疫苗,耗资近20亿美元,预计将在10月中旬开始疫苗接种。欧洲国家同样不甘落后,英国、德国等纷纷表示必要为境内全体居民都准备好足够的疫苗,德国境内每一个人只要想得到流感疫苗接种都能如愿,德国卫生部长乌拉施密特说。 但是,对于即将进行的大规模人群接种疫苗,中国工程院院士、广州市呼吸疾病研究所所长钟南山和北京协和医学院公共卫生学院院长、流行病学教授黄建始都持保留态度。 中国在全球最早应用疫苗 尽管美国9000多人患甲型H1N1流感,死亡不足600人(与之相对比的是,美国每年季节性流感平均死亡人数为3.6万)。英国感染人数不到1万,死亡15人。截至目前,中国患甲型H1N1流感病例为5000多例,而且无死亡病例。但这场全世界范围内的大规模疫苗免疫计划还是如火如荼地展开,其根源也许在于世界卫生组织专家预测未来数月内全球甲型H1N1流感病例可能呈现爆炸式增长。 美国总统科技顾问委员会也估计,今年冬天甲型H1N1流感的暴发将导致美国3万到9万人丧生,其中并不包括每年因普通季节性流感引起的3万例死亡。 黄建始认为,所谓秋冬季可能到来的第二波甲型H1N1流感高峰,是一种旧的经验,对于如今生活在空调环境下的人们来说,实际上四季都可能是流感季节。人的行为改变了疾病的传播方式,我们应该相信科学,而不是依赖技术。他说。 对于全球范围发起的这场疫苗战役,英国医学会Peter Holden博士相信,这很可能是历史上自1962年天花预防接种之后最大规模的一次疫苗接种。 目前,中国已经储备了第一批1300万支甲型H1N1流感疫苗,成为国际上第一个可以应用疫苗的国家,疫苗接种方案原则也已经确立。 对于疫苗可能产生的不良反应,香港大学微生物学系教授管轶表示值得关注:中国内地疫苗的标准和国外的标准有较大距离,而且现在又是加班加点地赶工抢时间 钟南山则对媒体表示:我觉得还需观望,疫苗安全性问题的观望时间还要更长一点。钟南山建议在大量接种疫苗之前,最好先适当进行一些试点,毕竟疫苗在临床还是存在一定比例的不良反应。 1976猪流感疫苗阴影 进入9月,在北半球,流感专家担心的凶猛的第二波流感疫情尚未现身,这多少令人想起1976年,当时美国卫生、教育与福利部部长F戴维马修斯也同样信誓旦旦地预言:今秋将会出现大规模流感。我们将会看到1918年的流感病毒重新出现。预计这种病毒将在1976年杀死100万美国人。然而最终伤害、甚至杀死美国人的,却是针对这种病毒的疫苗。 事情发生在1976年1月,美国陆军在新泽西的一个军营中,一个年轻的新兵戴维刘易斯感到头晕、恶心、无力、发烧、肌肉疼痛,数天后,他死在了基地医院。虽然直到20年后刘易斯的死因还存在争论究竟是因为他感染了一种杀伤力极强、毒性极大的流感,还是其实他感染的流感病毒并不厉害,只是在病毒血症正厉害的时候,参加了冬天一整夜的全副武装的强行军。无论如何,他已经在历史上被认为是美国第一例死于1976年猪流感的病人。 在刘易斯死去的那一周,同一个军营中又有几个人害了同样的病症,数十名新兵对甲型H1N1病毒呈阳性反应。通过分析,美国疾病预防与控制中心(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)确定这次流感病毒为甲型H1N1亚型,而当时世界上流行最广的流感病毒是甲型H3N2。CDC专家判断,这是1918年大流感病毒的变体。由于有研究者将1918年大流感定性为猪流感,因此在当年2月,CDC专家宣布,他们发现了猪流感。他们决定,应该立即开始研制猪流感疫苗。 尽管到了3月中旬,全世界各种类型的流感都在迅速下降,即使新泽西的那个军营也不例外,但疫苗问题早已被提上了议程,3月24日,当时的福特总统举行全国电视记者招待会,要求国会立即拨款1.35亿美元,研制、生产2亿份猪流感疫苗,供美国全民接种。而CDC也将全国流感疫苗接种计划的启动时间定在了10月1日。 在整个5月、6月和7月初,美国政府争论的不是疫苗接种与否,而是如何顺利完成生产任务,并在秋季到来以前动员地方卫生当局和公众。 政府宣称到秋天来临,猪流感将会席卷重来,如同大举屠城,上千万人将因此倒下,上百万人将不幸死亡,而唯一可以依靠的只有疫苗。然而民众对此却并不领情,1976年9月举行的盖洛普民意测验显示,93%的成年美国人知道什么是猪流感,却只有不足53%的人表示愿意接种疫苗。 随后,疫苗如期接种。到12月中旬,同猪流感有关的死亡和患病人数共计近300例,其中一大半只限于头痛和低烧。然而,4000万注射疫苗的人中却有500多人出现了严重的副作用吉兰巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome),其中25人死亡。这是一种非常罕见的神经失调综合症,没有人知道发病原因和治疗方法,也没有人可以解释为什么有的人瘫痪一个月后可以康复,有的人却永远瘫痪甚至死亡。 12月中旬,全美猪流感疫苗注射运动寿终正寝。 民众不领情 对于当年的事情,美国国家过敏和传染病研究所主任Anthony Fauci认为,当时美国政府最大的失策在于,在没有确定大规模猪流感真的发生的情况下就贸然大规模注射疫苗,结果猪流感没有发生,疫苗反倒成为了唯一的危险。 不过,Fauci表示他相信如今这种情况不会再发生,尽管全世界都没有足够大规模的临床试验能够完全探查到一种罕见副作用的发生,但他认为当前大流感正在发生,疫苗带来的好处要远远大过它的风险。 国际上并没有明确规定,副作用率或死亡率达到多少就必须叫停,这也取决于副作用的严重程度等等。 中国疾控中心科技处处长董小平对《科学新闻》说:吉兰巴雷综合征是一个极小概率事件,实际上很多疫苗注射都会出现副作用。以天花为例,天花的致死率远高于副反应的致死率,最终人们靠疫苗彻底消灭了天花。 黄建始认为疫苗免疫是一个两害相权取其轻的抉择,如果是死亡率很高的疾病,比如狂犬病,那么即便疫苗存在不良反应也应优先考虑使用,而对于病死率很低的疾病,则可以根据不同情况采取不同的手段预防。 董小平强调,这次各国生产的甲型H1N1流感疫苗与1976年猪流感疫苗相比,生产工艺有了很大提高,而且各国都有了更加系统、严密的公共卫生监控网络,对于疫苗免疫发生的副作用将有更快、更好的反应。 然而,尽管疫苗注射带来的副作用只是极小概率事件,但1976年猪流感疫苗免疫行动已经深深刻在了美国公共卫生发展史上,很多学者对此进行了批判、反思,但每当遇到新的流感来袭,各国政府还是争先恐后地祭起疫苗大旗。 在各国第一批接种疫苗的高危人群名单中,孕妇和儿童都位列其中。然而不久前,英国一家网站上针对英国的妈妈和准妈妈们做了一次疫苗免疫的民意调查,结果半数人对接种表示了明确反对。结果显示,在孕妇中,48%的人断然拒绝接种疫苗,22%表示犹豫,只有6%的人坚决支持。而有不满5岁儿童的家庭中, 46%的妈妈们表示很可能或根本不愿让孩子接种疫苗,22%的人态度犹豫,只有5%表示一定会给孩子接种。 参与这项调查的总共有1458人,其中15%表示家里有甲型H1N1流感病人。英国《卫报》表示,这样的调查结果可能是由于人们普遍感觉甲型H1N1流感症状轻微,但这也表明,政府要说服人们接种疫苗将非常困难。 更多阅读 钟南山:慎重对待大规模接种甲流疫苗 相关专题: 甲型H1N1流感 探秘 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/9/223548.shtm 《科学》关注中国甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种工作 中国成为世界首个可应用H1N1流感疫苗的国家,这一举措受到多国媒体的关注,最新一期的《科学》杂志也发表了一篇专题文章China First to Vaccinate Against Novel H1N1 Virus。 几个月前,中国启用极其严格的关口监测体系严防新流感H1N1病毒的入侵,当输入性病例已经变得无从防范时,中国政府也已经想好对策,尽早开发新流感疫苗,确保13亿人口的安全。华盛顿大学生物统计学家Ira Longini称赞道:中国的成绩是令人印象深刻的。 到9月14日止,中国当局估计将有650,000剂疫苗储备量,到9月底,储备量将达到7百万。 中国卫生部部长陈竺在接受《科学》专访时表示,中国政府大力发展流感疫苗的目的保护中国脆弱的卫生系统。希望在今年秋冬季能推迟流感疫情高峰期的到来,更主要的是希望能减少严重病例,降低死亡率。 卫生部另一名官员梁万年对Science对记者表示,中国这次快速的流感疫苗反应行动是出于国情的考虑,中国人口密度高,农村地区医疗系统不完善,缺乏足够的抗病毒储备等等问题使得我们必须尽快开发疫苗以保证打赢这场抗流感战役。 此外,梁万年还有另一重的担忧,中国秋冬季节有散发的禽流感疫情,以往的经验看,禽流感的死亡率高达50%,因此,我们希望新流感H1N1的疫苗能降低禽流感H5N1与新流感H1N1相遇杂交的机会。 梁万年还对《科学》记者谈了中国前期抵抗流感的策略问题。 对于新流感疫苗究竟接种几针的问题,中国的科学家还在持续的争论中,不久前《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了澳大利亚科学家确定一针有效的科研成果,但是,他们的研究是建立在成人疫苗接种的研究上的,对于儿童不一定适用,因此,有待进一步的探讨研究。 面对,未来的形势,陈竺有信心的表示:we can keep the situation under control。 更多阅读 《科学》相关文章摘要(英文) 《科学新闻》:甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种争议 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/sci;325/5947/1482?maxtoshow=HITS=10hits=10RESULTFORMAT=fulltext=China+First+to+Vaccinate+Against+Novel+H1N1+Virussearchid=1FIRSTINDEX=0resourcetype=HWCIT Science 18 September 2009: Vol. 325. no. 5947, pp. 1482 - 1483 DOI: 10.1126/science.325_1482 Prev | Table of Contents | Next News of the Week Swine Flu Outbreak: China First to Vaccinate Against Novel H1N1 Virus Richard S to ne No country has taken stricter measures than China to protect residents from pandemic swine flu. Although its draconian quarantine system sparked scientific debate and more than a few diplomatic spats before it was scaled back a couple of months ago, China 's latest exploit is winning praise: Earlier this week, China was first off the blocks to launch a mass vaccination campaign against the novel H1N1 virus . As the swine flu pandemic picks up steam, China is racing to immunize a sizable percentage of its 1.3 billion people before the pandemic's expected peak here this autumn or early winter. Epidemiologists here forecast that, without mass vaccination, tens of millions will become infected in China and hundreds of thousands will seek treatment.