三歧龙胆（ Gentiana trichotoma Kusn. ），龙胆科龙胆属。三歧龙胆在四川泸定、康定等高海拔草地较常见，花茎高可达 40 cm ；花大，长常 5 cm 左右，湛蓝色，花冠筒上有些深色粗条纹。植株基部有少量莲座状叶丛， Flora of China (vol. 16) 等资料将其归为高山龙胆组（ G. sect. Frigida Kusn. ）。文献记载其分布于四川西部和北部、青海和西藏，模式标本采自四川康定（ In prov. Sze-tschuan, ad fines Thibet, prope Tachienlu 9000-13500 inches, A. E. Pratt. No. 469 ）。种加词“ tri- ”和“ -chotoma ”，表示花茎常三歧分枝，近顶端的侧芽发育，且先端开花。但大部分标本花茎的花开中上部叶腋，并不见特别长的侧枝。下面的图片是 2014 年 8 月拍于四川康定贡嘎山西坡海拔 3900 m 左右的草地。 \0 \0
Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Griseb.，一种分布在北美落基山区的龙胆科Gentianaceae 高山植物。中文名不确定，在华南植物园引种数据库中标为美丽美洲龙眼，不知是否为美丽美洲龙胆的错误输入？另，不知国内是否有引种？如有确知者敬请告知。 以下文字介绍及图片均来自网站 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com M onument Plant, common in mountain meadows, is a robust and showy plant that scatters itself over large areas. The tall flower stalks erupting from a very large basal rosette of leaves attract our attention, but a careful look around will reveal numerous smaller Monument Plants not in flower. Until quite recently Monument Plant was thought to be biennial, i.e., basal leaf growth in the first season, flower and then seed growth in the second season, and death of the plant at the end of the second season. But continuous research since 1973 by Dr. David Inouye at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado indicates that Monument Plant flowers only once in its lifetime of 20 to 80 years and then dies. It is thus called a monocarpic plant, i.e., one which grows many years, flowers once, then dies. Perhaps the most well know monocarpic plant is the Southwest's Century Plant. Dr. Inouye's research also shows that large numbers of Monument Plants flower every 2-4 years. When such a coordinated flowering occurs, dozens, or even hundreds of plants flower within a small area (often a sunny, grassy hillside). The 2003 blooming season was the most spectacular in the past 40 years. The 2005 blooming season almost equaled the 2003 season. Dr. Inouye has found that the microscopically detectable flower stalk begins forming about three years before it actually erupts into its massive stalk, and he suspects that there are environmental factors which trigger the flowering. Monument Plant is often mistaken for Mullein (Verbascum thapsus, a yellow Scrophulariaceae) or Corn Lily (Veratrum tenuipetalum, a white Melanthiaceae). But Monument Plant has several distinguishing characteristics: in the non-flowering plants the leaves of the huge basal rosette are long, narrow, smooth, and pale green; in flowering plants the leaves along the flower stalk are also long and narrow, becoming shorter toward the top of the plant. Flowers are wide open, green/white, numerous, and star-like. Mullein's leaves are downy soft and flowers are tiny and yellow near the top of the flower stalk. Corn Lily's leaves are pleated and elliptical and flowers are quite small and green. Monument Plant was first collected for science by David Douglas (of Douglas Fir fame) in the present-day Spokane area in the early 1830s. The genus name, Frasera, is for John Fraser, 18th century nurseryman and botanist who collected for Kew Gardens and the Empress of Russia. Speciosa (showy) is for the leaves and massive display of flowers. 标本图片来自 http://www.tropicos.org/
标签: 龙胆科
