这是一篇针对 Michael Szell 2012 年在 Scientific Reports 所发表论文的读后感 ,包括论文结论的简单介绍和我们进一步想做的工作分析。本来是发给几位同事的,因为觉得内容有趣,干脆整理出来,或许对同行有帮助。各位读者有兴趣的,也可以研究我们建议的问题,这不算剽窃,因为问题得以解决最重要,而不一定非要被我们解决——当然,如果记得致谢我们,就更高兴了。 这篇文章还没有正式印出来我就注意到了,当时只是看了题目摘要。后来 Michael 看到我们 arXiv 的论文 后写信向我介绍他的工作,并说他曾经提出了类似的问题,我才在他的论文不起眼处看到了几句相关的话(一会儿讲),所以又把主要的图看了一遍。直到这几天才真正打印出来仔仔细细地看了一遍。 有一些学者认为,在线游戏可以作为我们研究真实社会经济现象的一个很好的试验地 。想想也有道理,毕竟在里面玩的都是人,虽然环境虚拟,但是挣钱打怪升级的梦想和现实如出一辙,恐怕要比通过蚂蚁蜜蜂猴子猩猩的社会实验来理解推断人更加贴近。 Michael 一直在做这方面的研究工作,前期的主要工作集中在在线游戏所形成的社会网络的分析上 ,本文则是转战在线虚拟世界中游戏者空间移动行为。 Michael 所分析的是一个叫做 Pardus 的游戏,其中有 20 个区域(可以看成国家)和 400 个城市,有些城市之间能够直接到达,有些不行。数据记录了每个用户每天第一次登陆时所在的城市,游戏中可以旅行到其他城市,这些中间信息不记录。分析时选择了 1458 个活跃了 1000 天以上的用户。注意,这个数据除了毕竟不是真实世界以外,还有一个重大的缺陷,就是事实上没有任何真正的几何概念,所有的距离都是拓扑距离! Michael 通过分析数据发现,位移距离分布是指数的(拟合一坨屎),而在同一个地点停留的时间分布是幂律的(幂指数 2.2 ,拟合很好),而且用户有很明显的倾向停留在同一个区域。 Michael 认为是单一的移动模式造成了指数距离分布,而混合交通模式才会形成幂律分布。我们的工作 正好是通过大量实证和麦克斯韦 - 波尔兹曼统计得到了同样的结论。所以 Michael 写信给我的时候我很惊讶,因为他所分析的只是拓扑距离,而且是一个游戏,完全没有任何支持他得到这个结论的证据,纯粹就是瞎猜(他自己文章中也用了 related to, might be 这样推测性的语气)——我只能说,这个家伙直觉不错的。 文章真正比较精彩的地方是,他认为人类空间移动存在 memory 效应,但这种 memory 主要在局部起作用。他提出了一种方法,刻画用户当前访问的地点正好是 k 天前(最小 k )访问过的地方的概率,发现这个概率随 k 幂律递减,幂指数是 1.3 。回想一下 Song 的探索 - 优先返回模型 ,优先返回的时候返回某地点的概率和这个地方被访问过的次数成正比——这他妈的实际上是一个记忆无穷长模型,因为一切以前的访问都被记录了。反过来, Michael 提出了一个有限记忆模型,主要根据 p(k) 来确定是返回到哪一个节点——如果 p(k) 抽样出来一个 k=2 ,那么今天就回到上前天访问过的地方。 Michael 文章显示,他的模型更符合实际。这个思路很有趣,而且里面藏着大问题和全新的理解!! 我最近毙掉了很多 Scientific Reports 的 submissions , Michael 运气好,文章没有到我这里,否则的话,虽然他引用我们的文章又做我感兴趣的方向,但是模型存在一个逻辑上的巨大漏洞!因为 Song 的模型除了优先返回以外,还有一个由 Heaps 定律引致而出的探索新地点的方式,而 Michael 直接用了以 1-v 的概率探索新地方, v 的概率到一个老地方。 Michael 至始至终没有检查过 Heaps 定律的问题,因此实际上不知道问题是出在 Song 模型优先返回的机制上,还是在 Heaps 定律上——细节太烦不提,大家看 模型的差异就知道了。当然,我个人是相信 Michael 的结果,但是相信不等于当前 Michael 的文章逻辑完整。 文章读到这里,说说我觉得还可以继续做的几个方向——这部分本来是纯粹隐私的合作者之间的信件,但是放在博客中,也是希望有同行能够一起做好玩的问题。 虚拟空间行为的 Predictability 如何,和真实系统相比更大还是更小?因为 Song 等人分析 Predictability 的时候 ,是从 Fano 编码不等式出发的,因此只是一个序列的可预测性,并没有用到这个序列所对应的具体空间位置信息或者网络拓扑信息——而几何或者拓扑距离更近的空间位置之间更容易发生移动。那么,我想知道,几何和拓扑的信息对于预测有什么价值,或者说价值有多大?我们现在实现和发展了决策树、神经网络和隐马尔科夫链的各种预测方法,我觉得可以对这些问题有较深入的认识。 Michael 所提出的 power-law decaying 的 memory 模型(他称其为 time order memory (TOM) 模型)以及最近的一些相关工作 ,是否在某种意义上接近或者描摹一种名为 temporal motif 的新分析方法,如果我们能够把节点(或者链路,方法略有不同)进行分类,譬如分成频繁访问的 / 偶有访问的 或者 距离几何中心近的 / 距离几何中心远的,然后把连续变量离散化之后,就可以得到 temporal motifs 了。 到底哪些时候 Song 模型更合适,哪些时候 Michael 的模型更合适,还是两者都无法刻画个性行为? Heaps 定律到底成立吗,如果成立,是一个特别重要的规律吗(建模中起至关重要的作用吗)?这些问题通过简单的实证分析就能得到答案,因为我们能够很容易测量 Heaps 定律 ,很容易测量 preferential attachment 的强度 ,也很容易测量 Michael 建议的 decaying 强度。光是大范围( 10 个左右不同数据集)测量这些规律就有非常重要的价值,因为现在很多实证都是乱七八糟的。 M. Szell, R. Sinatra, G. Petri, S. Thurner, V. Latora, Understanding mobility in a social petri dish, Sci. Rep. 2 (2012) 457. X.-Y. Yan, X.-P. Han, B.-H. Wang, T. Zhou, Diversity of Individual Mobility Patterns, arXiv: 1211.2874. W. Bainbridge, The scientific research potential of virtual worlds, Science 317 (2007) 472. M. Szell, S. Thurner, Measuring social dynamics in a massive multiplayer online game, Social networks 32 (2010) 313-329. M. Szell, R. Lambiotte, S. Thurner, Multirelational organization of large-scale social networks in an online world, PNAS 107 (2010) 13636. C. Song, T. Koren, P. Wang, A.-L. Barabasi, Modeling the scaling property of human mobility, Nature Physics 6 (2010) 818. C. Song, Z. Qu, N. Blumm, A.-L. Barabasi, A Limits of predictability in human mobility, Science 327 (2010) 1018. R. Sinatra, D. Condorelli, V. Latora, Networks of motifs from sequences of symbols, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 178702. L. Lu, Z.-K. Zhang, T. Zhou, Zipf's Law Leads to Heaps' Law: Analyzing Their Relation in Finite-Size Systems, PLoS ONE 5 (2010) e14139. H. Jeong, Z. Neda, A.-L. Barabasi, Measuring preferential attachment in evolving networks, Europhys. Lett. 61 (2003) 567.
《小圈子 大社交》这部Faceoobk品牌设计总负责人Paul Adams的力作主要是对《引爆点》一书中寻找“有影响力的人”(个别人物法则)的批判和反思,作者提出现实生活(包括活跃的在线社交网络上)圈子文化才是最重要的思想和行为传播途径。 该书在引用了大量实证研究的结果来支持自己的结论,其中主要就是邓肯.瓦茨坐镇Yahoo研究院时对微博数据的研究结果,如瓦茨等发现“一种 思想得以传播的关键因素并不是具备有影响力的人,而是存在相互联系且易被影响的不同人群”。作者指出“如果没与这样的群体,即使是最有影响力的人,也无法 使思想得到广泛传播。也就是说,了解传播思想的社交圈结构比了解个人是否有很大的影响力更为重要”。这些振聋发聩的阐述无疑是对《引爆点》一书中有关内容 的彻底颠覆。 从社交网络营销的角度看,该书指出营销策略有以下两点很有新意: 1. 不要关注于社交网络和媒体上的超级明星搞粗暴的推式营销,而是强调需要采用分不同圈子的侧重于强关系的结合人们社交行为和思考方式的营销。 2. 作者积极评价了社交媒体上对于品牌的负评价。作者强调负评价对于品牌是有利的,指出“不要使用情感分析来过滤负面评价,也不要删除你的Facebook主 页上的负面评价。把它当作一个学习和回应的机会。如果人们给出的评价是负面的,就表明他们在购买你的产品时有过不愉快的经历。这时,你应该改进产品而非隐 藏评论。” 作为一个关注于社交网络的复杂网络方面的研究者,这本书再次让我感受到了真正的社交网络结构绝不是像BA择优链接和幂律分布这么简单和直观, 从微观、中观到宏观、以及时间和空间不同尺度上都具有很多规律值得我们去探索和挖掘。作者第五章的题目“有影响力的人:破灭的神话”,无疑也是在告诉我们 基于拓扑结构的最大影响者未必在实际网络中有着绝对的影响力。至少在微博的研究中是如此,研究发现任何个人都很难影响其他多数人。 从本书的内容上看,作者是阅读和吸收了瓦茨的《Everything Is Obvious:Once You Know the Answer》还有 《 Connected:The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives》这两本的一些精华。 后者是尼古拉斯•克里斯塔基斯(Nicholas A. Christakis)和詹姆斯•富勒(James H. Fowler) 的作品,中文版马上就要面世了。2011、2012年随着复杂网络研究的日益火爆,相关的好书都被引进过来的,除了newman的那本大部头以外。 可为什么没有出版商引进watts这本作品呢(《Everything Is Obvious:Once You Know the Answer》)?论名气,人家是SW的作者,在在线社交网络研究领域响当当。论内容,这部作品绝对是可以和马尔科姆·格拉德威尔作品一拼的,人家可是实 实在在搞研究的。真是有点想不通了,实际上,watts的2006年那篇science论文《Empirical analysis of an evolving social network》一出,到现在5年过去了,可我个人认为这篇文章从内容和技术手段来看还是复杂网络领域研究社交网络最好的文章。 Watts书的内容是对社会学研究的颠覆,技术手段值得复杂网络研究领域的学者借鉴学习,书商们为什么视而不见呢?
【成长花絮:单·孤 】 甜甜是个天性爱热闹的孩子,最怕的是寂寞。初中的时候,交了一群死党 朋友 ,一到一起就叽叽喳喳没完。放学的时候,总是在学校门前的草地上,嬉笑耍闹一个小时,直到所有的同学都陆续被家长接走才肯离开。她只要出现在哪里,哪里就是笑成一团,她总是用夸张的语气大声说笑话,常常成为圈子的中心。 可是,高中不同了,老圈子散了,新圈子还没建立起来,这让她很不开心。而且学校风气也大变,小圈子逐渐被成双成对的早恋所取代,太多的孩子过早躲进两个人的小天地,她感觉无所适从,同时也感到一种无形的 peer pressure。 甜甜常常在家用中文抱怨:我很“单-孤”。这本来是她在中文学校不小心把单词“孤单”写倒过来造成的,可她觉得“单孤”说出来更能表达自己的无奈心境,屡教不改,将错就错,还反驳说:为什么不能说单孤?本来就是单孤嘛。我是语言学家,知道约定俗成的成词大法,生造词即便可以达意,也是不能提倡的(大师除外)。今天她又说了: Dad,我很单·孤。 我说:什么单孤,还蘑菇呢,是孤单! 她乐了(这孩子最喜欢文字游戏了,爱耍贫嘴):对,蘑菇,我是 单-孤-的-蘑-菇,a lonely mushroom, not just a small patato. 我也懒得纠正她了,就让这个特殊辞藻约定俗成在自家的语境里吧。我鼓励她多交朋友,there is no other way to stay away from being left alone and feeling lonely. You have to make new friends and you are good at it. Social skills are your strength. 可是,不知怎的,她的社会能力似乎不如以前了,尽管也到处跟人打招呼,但是再也没有以前那样铁的小圈子围绕了。她为此很烦恼。我也爱莫能助,因为我自己就是不善社交的人。 想一想,我一辈子也没在身边交多少朋友。心里很羡慕那些能吆三喝四呼风唤雨的人,哪怕是酒肉朋友也好啊,一起吃吃喝喝,打打牌,撮撮麻将,输了就钻钻桌子底下,长周末了就约好一起出去郊游,女同伴可以一起shopping,家长里短嚼舌头根子,挺好的。漫漫人生,走夜路怕鬼,有了朋友,似乎感受就好很多,日子也容易打发了。可是我从来没有这么个圈子。就这么一路走到今天。好在有忙不完的事情要做,填补了一些空虚。更好的是,有人发明了互联网。虚拟的圈子倒是一下子变大了。 但愿她慢慢找回朋友,找回自信,生活得快乐。我祈祷。
《自然神经科学》:大脑杏仁体大小可反映人的社交情况 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/12/242015.shtm How a Facebook feature in the brain rules your social network http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1341689/Size-does-matter-Party-animals-great-social-lives-lots-friends-bigger-Facebook-feature-brain.html http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: social network C-query: temporal lobe and brain The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 536 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 26164 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 1012 terms on the current B-list ( 284 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. job id # 26164 started Mon Dec 27 03:08:52 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 26164 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: social networkMon Dec 27 03:53:41 2010 A query = social network started Mon Dec 27 03:53:41 2010 A query resulted in 50000 titles 26164 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: temporal lobe and brain Mon Dec 27 03:53:59 2010 C: temporal lobe and brain 35838 A: pubmed_query_A 180694 AC: ( social network ) AND ( temporal lobe and brain ) 536 C query = temporal lobe and brain started Mon Dec 27 03:54:01 2010 C query resulted in 35838 titles A AND C query resulted in 536 titles 23165 B-terms ready on Mon Dec 27 04:00:11 2010 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 1012 B-terms left after filter executed Mon Dec 27 04:24:19 2010 B-list on Mon Dec 27 04:26:15 2010 1 serotonin transporter gene 2 reelin 3 transporter gene 4 5-ht1a 5 erp 6 cannabinoid receptor 7 bdnf 8 promoter polymorphism 9 ptsd 10 p300 11 dopamine transporter gene 12 meg 13 apoe 14 epsilon4 allele 15 cb1 16 immediate early gene 17 velocardiofacial syndrome 18 parvalbumin 19 dsm 20 body mass index 21 neurotrophin 22 ca1 23 neuregulin 24 seizure severity 25 apolipoprotein e 26 5-ht2a 27 single nucleotide polymorphism 28 doublecortin 29 c jun n 30 dat1 31 fmr1 32 comt 33 cox-2 34 abeta 35 mthfr 36 drd4 37 spatial learning 38 gabaa 39 mecp2 40 epileptiform 41 ftd 42 contextual fear conditioning 43 adhd 44 presenilin 45 dopamine d2 receptor 46 genome wide 47 nr2b 48 estrogen receptor alpha 49 glutamate receptor 50 apoe epsilon4 allele 51 g72 52 gaba a receptor 53 drd2 54 bdnf gene 55 quantitative trait locus 56 scn1a 57 vntr 58 5ht1a 59 calbindin 60 spike wave 61 disc1 62 akt 63 leptin 64 statin 65 dysbindin 66 trkb 67 creb 68 clock gene 69 synapsin 70 erk1 71 gdnf 72 body mass 73 gad65 74 candidate gene 75 c jun 76 vasopressin gene 77 apolipoprotein e allele 78 caspase-3 79 masking 80 zenk 81 gaba a 82 laterality 83 prion protein 84 c fos 85 estrogen receptor beta 86 pup 87 matrix metalloproteinase 88 5-ht2a receptor gene 89 stathmin 90 promoter methylation 91 opioid receptor 92 brain volume 93 leptin receptor 94 fosb 95 aromatase 96 ubiquitin 97 mtor 98 olfactory pathway 99 motor neuron disease 100 ect 101 mri 102 reeler 103 mglur5 104 glur1 105 cit 106 5ht2a 107 e selectin 108 gene family 109 pet 110 cd14 111 mmpi 112 hiv 113 tsc1 114 tms 115 twin 116 pten 117 epilepsy 118 er beta 119 p38 120 dopamine receptor 121 neuropeptide y 122 strs 123 aquaporin 124 ampa 125 ssri 126 fgf 127 mrs 128 abcb1 129 theta 130 cdna 131 glioma 132 schizophrenia risk gene 133 urocortin 134 gene variant 135 early growth response 136 signal regulated kinase 137 psa 138 transgene 139 kdr 140 egr3 141 mst 142 transporter 143 il-6 144 differentially expressed gene 145 cleft lip 146 y2 147 spinocerebellar ataxia 148 gaba 149 tactile 150 race 151 maze 152 ghrelin 153 huntington disease 154 promoter region 155 corticotropin releasing hormone 156 tachykinin 157 tau 158 gfap 159 pcna 160 genomic imprinting 161 sry 162 gene promoter 163 war 164 startle response 165 gene brain 166 nr1 167 triplet repeat 168 cue 169 wnt7a 170 ethanol consumption 171 comt gene 172 emotionality 173 5-ht 174 p3 175 fgf17 176 olfactory 177 calmodulin 178 activin 179 diabetes 180 gnrh 181 alzheimer disease 182 igf i 183 anxiety 184 rgs4 185 rey 186 nmdar 187 glast 188 cpap 189 microrna 190 glucocorticoid receptor 191 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 192 gonadotropin releasing hormone 193 5-ht6 194 gd 195 nr3a 196 catechol o-methyltransferase 197 fos 198 snap-25 199 g30 gene 200 tic 201 crf 202 igf 203 fgf receptor 204 pick 205 exon 206 erbb4 207 mao 208 cytokine gene 209 snca 210 bat 211 vitamin d receptor 212 eat 213 dcm 214 dna pkcs 215 spike 216 obesity 217 lobe 218 smile 219 rem 220 sib 221 oxytocin 222 lip 223 gene encoding 224 short form 225 cadherin 226 pomc 227 estrogen receptor 228 progesterone receptor 229 ngf 230 cell adhesion molecule 231 nf kappab 232 trait 233 connexin 234 neuropeptide 235 fibroblast growth factor 236 bee 237 rearing 238 essential tremor 239 hypercholesterolemia 240 parkinson disease 241 aura 242 seizure susceptibility 243 prostate cancer 244 huntington 245 hydrocephalus 246 mela 247 npy 248 spastic paraplegia 249 caveolin-1 250 il-1beta 251 tnf alpha 252 celiac disease 253 rank 254 ego 255 d3 receptor 256 angiotensin receptor 257 oscillator 258 meta 259 dna binding 260 dopamine receptor gene 261 grin2a 262 cjd 263 map 264 anorexia 265 fear 266 p53 267 trail 268 il-1 269 tia 270 raby 271 analysis gene 272 androgen receptor 273 aminotransferase 274 fm 275 grasp 276 mrl 277 clock 278 par-4 279 ip3r 280 hyperparathyroidism 281 neurotensin 282 receptor gene 283 mglur2 284 polycystic ovary syndrome http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/show_sentences.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature social network erp temporal lobe and brain 1: A truth that's told with bad intent: an ERP study of deception.2010 Add to clipboard 2: Impaired top-down processes in schizophrenia: A DCM study of ERPs.2010 Add to clipboard 3: Response to familiar faces, newly familiar faces, and novel faces as assessed by ERPs is intact in adults with autism spectrum disorders.2010 Add to clipboard 4: The influence of the diffusion of responsibility effect on outcome evaluations: Electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study.2010 Add to clipboard 5: Effects of role typicality on processing person information in German: Evidence from an ERP study.2010 Add to clipboard 6: ERPs on a Continuous Performance Task and Self-Reported Psychopathic Traits: P3 and CNV Augmentation are Associated with Fearless Dominance.2010 Add to clipboard 7: Evidence for modulation of facial emotional processing bias during emotional expression decoding by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants: an event-related potential (ERP) study.2009 Add to clipboard 8: Knowing when to trust others: an ERP study of decision making after receiving information from unknown people.2009 Add to clipboard 9: ERP correlates of effortful control in children with varying levels of ADHD symptoms.2009 Add to clipboard 10: ERP time course and brain areas of spontaneous and intentional goal inferences.2009 Add to clipboard 11: Trait inferences in goal-directed behavior: ERP timing and localization under spontaneous and intentional processing.2009 Add to clipboard 12: RP and N400 ERP components reflect semantic violations in visual processing of human actions.2009 Add to clipboard 13: Phased processing of facial emotion: an ERP study.2009 Add to clipboard 14: Effects of quetiapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients: a preliminary single-trial ERP analysis.2009 Add to clipboard 15: Emotional MMN: Anxiety and heart rate correlate with the ERP signature for auditory change detection.2009 Add to clipboard 16: Sentence integration processes: An ERP study of Chinese sentence comprehension with relative clauses.2009 Add to clipboard 17: When people matter more than money: an ERPs study Comparison and competition in the brain.2009 Add to clipboard 18: False belief reasoning in the brain: an ERP study.2008 Add to clipboard 19: Fast responders have blinders on: ERP correlates of response inhibition in competition.2008 Add to clipboard 20: Atypical processing of fearful face-voice pairs in Pervasive Developmental Disorder: an ERP study.2008 Add to clipboard 21: The age of the beholder: ERP evidence of an own-age bias in face memory.2008 Add to clipboard 22: Augmenting serotonin neurotransmission with citalopram modulates emotional expression decoding but not structural encoding of moderate intensity sad facial emotional stimuli: an event-related potential (ERP) investigation.2008 Add to clipboard 23: Links between rapid ERP responses to fearful faces and conscious awareness.2008 Add to clipboard 24: When eye creates the contact! ERP evidence for early dissociation between direct and averted gaze motion processing.2007 Add to clipboard 25: Electrophysiological correlates of word repetition spacing: ERP and induced band power old/new effects with massed and spaced repetitions.2007 Add to clipboard 26: Heterogeneity in the patterns of neural abnormality in autistic spectrum disorders: evidence from ERP and MRI.2007 Add to clipboard 27: The effects of eye and face inversion on the early stages of gaze direction perception--an ERP study.2007 Add to clipboard 28: Rapid detection of fear in body expressions, an ERP study.2007 Add to clipboard 1: Spectra-temporal patterns underlying mental addition: an ERP and ERD/ERS study.2010 Add to clipboard 2: Event-related potential and functional MRI measures of face-selectivity are highly correlated: A simultaneous ERP- fMRI investigation.2010 Add to clipboard 3: Line by line: the ERP correlates of stroke order priming in letters.2010 Add to clipboard 4: Temporal precedence of emotion over attention modulations in the lateral amygdala: Intracranial ERP evidence from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy.2010 Add to clipboard 5: Maturation of auditory temporal integration and inhibition assessed with event-related potentials (ERPs).2010 Add to clipboard 6: Why is the N170 enhanced for inverted faces? An ERP competition experiment.2010 Add to clipboard 7: .2010 Add to clipboard 8: ERP measures of partial semantic knowledge: left temporal indices of skill differences and lexical quality.2009 Add to clipboard 9: Foreword to the special issue. Before the N400: Early Latency Language ERPs.2009 Add to clipboard 10: Early adaptation to repeated unfamiliar faces across viewpoint changes in the right hemisphere: evidence from the N170 ERP component.2009 Add to clipboard 11: Tuning of the visual word processing system: distinct developmental ERP and fMRI effects.2009 Add to clipboard 12: Neural correlates of affective picture processing--a depth ERP study.2009 Add to clipboard 13: Cortical auditory processing in preterm newborns: an ERP study.2009 Add to clipboard 14: High-resolution ERP mapping of cortical activation related to implicit object-location memory.2009 Add to clipboard 15: The time course of temporal discrimination: An ERP study.2009 Add to clipboard 16: Hemispatial PCA dissociates temporal from parietal ERP generator patterns: CSD components in healthy adults and depressed patients during a dichotic oddball task.2008 Add to clipboard 17: Feedback-based error monitoring processes during musical performance: an ERP study.2008 Add to clipboard 18: Combining ERP and structural MRI information in first episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.2008 Add to clipboard 19: Gender-specific development of auditory information processing in children: an ERP study.2008 Add to clipboard 20: FMRI /ERP of musical syntax: comparison of melodies and unstructured note sequences.2008 Add to clipboard 21: Spatiotemporal dynamics of single-letter reading: a combined ERP- FMRI study.2008 Add to clipboard 22: Evidence for automatic sentence priming in the fusiform semantic area: convergent ERP and fMRI findings.2008 Add to clipboard 23: The time-frequency representation of the ERPs of face processing.2008 Add to clipboard 24: From amnesia to dementia: ERP studies of memory and language.2007 Add to clipboard 25: The associative processes involved in faces-proper names versus animals-common names binding: a comparative ERP study.2007 Add to clipboard 26: ERP assessment of functional status in the temporal lobe: examining spatiotemporal correlates of object recognition.2007 Add to clipboard 27: ERP effects of meaningful and non-meaningful sound processing in anterior temporal patients.2007 Add to clipboard 28: Frontal and posterior ERPs related to line bisection.2007 Add to clipboard 29: Category specificity in the processing of color-related and form-related words: an ERP study.2006 Add to clipboard 30: Hemodynamic and electrophysiological relationship involved in human face processing: evidence from a combined fMRI -ERP study.2006 Add to clipboard 31: An ERP study of temporal discrimination in rats.2006 Add to clipboard 32: The time course of visual word recognition as revealed by linear regression analysis of ERP data.2006 Add to clipboard 33: Hippocampus proper distinguishes between identified and unidentified real-life visual objects: an intracranial ERP study.2006 Add to clipboard 34: Absent event-related potential (ERP) word repetition effects in mild Alzheimer's disease.2006 Add to clipboard 35: The categorization of natural scenes: brain attention networks revealed by dense sensor ERPs.2006 Add to clipboard 36: Frontoparietal network involved in successful retrieval from episodic memory. Spatial and temporal analyses using fMRI and ERP. 2006 Add to clipboard 37: The effects of attentional load on auditory ERPs recorded from human cortex.2006 Add to clipboard 38: An ERP investigation of emotional processing in European and Japanese individuals.2006 Add to clipboard 39: Scalp topography and intracerebral sources for ERPs recorded during auditory target detection.2006 Add to clipboard 40: Early stages (P100) of face perception in humans as measured with event-related potentials (ERPs).2005 Add to clipboard 41: ERPs correlates of EEG relative beta training in ADHD children.2005 Add to clipboard 42: Combined event-related fMRI and intracerebral ERP study of an auditory oddball task.2005 Add to clipboard 43: Control mechanisms mediating shifts of attention in auditory and visual space: a spatio-temporal ERP analysis.2005 Add to clipboard 44: 2004 Add to clipboard 45: Superior temporal gyrus and P300 in schizophrenia: a combined ERP/ structural magnetic resonance imaging investigation.2004 Add to clipboard 46: 2004 Add to clipboard 47: From orthography to phonetics: ERP measures of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion mechanisms in reading.2004 Add to clipboard 48: Sensory ERPs predict differences in working memory span and fluid intelligence.2004 Add to clipboard 49: Early amygdala reaction to fear spreading in occipital, temporal, and frontal cortex: a depth electrode ERP study in human.2004 Add to clipboard 50: ERP study of pre-attentive auditory processing in treatment-refractory schizophrenia.2004 Add to clipboard 51: Cortical lateralization during verb generation: a combined ERP and fMRI study.2004 Add to clipboard 52: The facilitated processing of threatening faces: an ERP analysis.2004 Add to clipboard 53: An ERP index of task relevance evaluation of visual stimuli.2004 Add to clipboard 54: Recognition of famous faces in the medial temporal lobe: an invasive ERP study.2004 Add to clipboard 55: Immature cortical responses to auditory stimuli in specific language impairment: evidence from ERPs to rapid tone sequences.2004 Add to clipboard 56: Neural bases of cognitive ERPs: more than phase reset.2004 Add to clipboard 57: A high density ERP comparison of mental rotation and mental size transformation.2003 Add to clipboard 58: The human temporal lobe integrates facial form and motion: evidence from fMRI and ERP studies.2003 Add to clipboard 59: Simultaneous ERP and fMRI of the auditory cortex in a passive oddball paradigm.2003 Add to clipboard 60: An ERP study of the global precedence effect: the role of spatial frequency.2003 Add to clipboard 61: The impact of motor activity on intracerebral ERPs: P3 latency variability in modified auditory odd-ball paradigms involving a motor task.2003 Add to clipboard 62: ERP abnormalities of illusory contour perception in Williams syndrome.2003 Add to clipboard 63: Differentiating amodal familiarity from modality-specific memory processes: an ERP study.2003 Add to clipboard 64: Differential contribution of frontal and temporal cortices to auditory change detection: fMRI and ERP results.2002 Add to clipboard 65: Early involvement of the temporal area in attentional selection of grating orientation: an ERP study.2002 Add to clipboard 66: Error processing--evidence from intracerebral ERP recordings.2002 Add to clipboard 67: Attentional selection in the processing of hierarchical patterns: an ERP study.2001 Add to clipboard 68: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in schizophrenia for tonal and phonetic oddball tasks.2001 Add to clipboard 69: Differentiating ERAN and MMN: an ERP study.2001 Add to clipboard 70: Dissociating the neural correlates of item and context memory: an ERP study of face recognition.2001 Add to clipboard 71: Hemispheric asymmetries of visual ERPs in left-handed bilinguals.2001 Add to clipboard 72: A transient dominance of theta ERP component characterizes passive auditory processing: evidence from a developmental study.2001 Add to clipboard 73: An ERP investigation of binding and coreference.2000 Add to clipboard 74: Disturbance of semantic processing in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated with scalp ERPs.2000 Add to clipboard 75: Searching for face-specific long latency ERPs: a topographic study of effects associated with mismatching features.1999 Add to clipboard 76: Intracranial ERPs in humans during a lateralized visual oddball task: II. Temporal, parietal, and frontal recordings.1999 Add to clipboard 77: The role of frontal and temporal lobes in visual discrimination task--depth ERP studies.1999 Add to clipboard 78: Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in schizophrenia during a word recognition memory task.1999 Add to clipboard 79: Effects of prefrontal lesions on lexical processing and repetition priming: an ERP study.1998 Add to clipboard 80: Limbic ERPs predict verbal memory after left-sided hippocampectomy.1998 Add to clipboard 81: Face and shape repetition effects in humans: a spatio-temporal ERP study.1997 Add to clipboard 82: A topographical ERP study of healthy premature 5-year-old children in the auditory and visual modalities.1997 Add to clipboard 83: Is working memory intact in alcoholics? An ERP study.1997 Add to clipboard 84: Differential involvement of the human temporal lobe structures in short- and long-term memory processes assessed by intracranial ERPs.1996 Add to clipboard 85: Selected quantitative EEG (QEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) variables as discriminators for positive and negative schizophrenia.1995 Add to clipboard 86: Effects of temporal versus temporal plus extra-temporal lobe epilepsies on hippocampal ERPs: physiopathological implications for recognition memory studies in humans.1995 Add to clipboard 87: The topography of 4 subtraction ERP- waveforms derived from a 3-tone auditory oddball task in healthy young adults.1995 Add to clipboard 88: ERP amplitude and scalp distribution to target and novel events: effects of temporal order in young, middle-aged and older adults.1994 Add to clipboard 89: Focal abnormalities of P3 ERPs unveiled in patients with cortical lesions and primary progressive aphasia by average reference recordings.1994 Add to clipboard 90: Electrical source analysis of auditory ERPs in medial temporal lobe amnestic syndrome.1993 Add to clipboard 91: The auditory N2 component in schizophrenia: relationship to MRI temporal lobe gray matter and to other ERP abnormalities.1993 Add to clipboard 92: EEG, quantitative EEG, BAEP and ERP in centenarians.1993 Add to clipboard 93: Cortical differences in tonal versus vowel processing as revealed by an ERP component called mismatch negativity (MMN).1993 Add to clipboard 94: Comparison of event related potentials (ERPs) distributions obtained with three reference systems: linked binaural, mean reference, extracephalic.1993 Add to clipboard 95: Grade-related changes in event-related potentials (ERPs) in primary school children: differences between two reading tasks.1992 Add to clipboard 96: Scalp topographies dissociate attentional ERP components during auditory information processing.1991 Add to clipboard 97: ERPs and brain structure: relationships across the adult age span in alcoholics and in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis.1991 Add to clipboard 98: Applications of bit-mappedcognitivepotentials (ERPs) in clinical neurophysiology--CNV complex in patients with destruction of the dorso-anteromedial bidirectional thalamo-prefrontal pathways.1990 Add to clipboard 99: Developmental changes in ERPs to visual language stimuli.1988 Add to clipboard 100: The development of lateral event-related potentials (ERPs) related to word naming: a four year longitudinal study.1988 Add to clipboard 101: Hemispheric distribution of ERP components and word naming in preschool children.1986 Add to clipboard 102: Pathway and hemispheric differences in the event-related potential (ERP) to monaural stimulation: a comparison of schizophrenic patients with normal controls.1985 Add to clipboard 103: The effects of temporal and event uncertainty in determining the waveforms of the auditory event related potential (ERP) .1976 Add to clipboard