3月3日，《Nature Communications》在线发表了熊立仲课题组题为 “Translational repression by a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element in the 3′untranslated region” 的研究论文。该研究发现水稻中的一类DNA转座子具有翻译抑制功能。此研究使我们更深入了解基因组中转座子的生物学功能。沈建强博士生为本文的第一作者，熊立仲教授为通讯作者。 水稻作为全世界最重要的粮食作物和模式植物之一，其基因组中含有大量的转座子（transposable element），尤其是微小反向重复转座元件（miniature inverted-repeat transposable element，MITE），这使水稻成为研究转座子起源、转座和功能的最佳模式植物。曾被认为是“垃圾DNA”的转座子是真核生物基因组中重要的组成成分，在基因组进化过程中发挥着巨大作用。转座子一般可分为反转录转座子和DNA转座子。之前的研究显示，反转录转座子可以转录为mRNA一部分，调控mRNA的选择性剪接，选择性加尾，稳定和翻译。本研究表明，DNA转座子能抑制内源蛋白Ghd2的翻译，从而调控水稻开花时间、株高和每穗粒数。这个发现对进一步了解MITE的生物学功能具有重要意义。 该研究发现存在于基因3′非翻译区（3′untranslated region）中的微小反向重复转座元件（MITE）可以被植物内源DCL蛋白识别并切割，从而形成不完整的mRNA。这种mRNA可能会进一步影响自身的翻译，而抑制翻译产物的积累。人为切除该基因非翻译区的MITE，则会上调此基因的翻译产物。这些结果证实，DNA转座子具有抑制mRNA翻译的功能。 （上述内容为转载，只是稍加修改） 在我前面的博文中提到一篇小麦的 文章 。 最近看到一篇小麦文章 The characteristics and functions of a miniature inverted‑repeat transposable element TaMITE81 in the 5′ UTR of TaCHS7BL from Triticum aestivum . 文章发现基因启动子区插入Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs)可以降低基因的表达。小麦基因组是异源六倍体，多数基因有3个copies，比较3个拷贝之间MITE的插入情况，在结合基因的表达情况，在组学水平上可以进一步说明相关问题。 正如前面小麦那篇paper中所说，MITE插入编码区上游可以影响基因的表达。我们可以猜测MITE可能提供了基因表达所需的顺式作用元件。Santiago等分析151个Emigrant(MITE)插入位点的侧翼序列，表明10%的MITE元件位于预测基因的内部（7%在内含子，3%在外显子），68%位于开放阅读框的侧翼区域（24%与ORF的距离少于500bp， 23%位于500-1000bp之间，21%超过1000bp），13%位于重复序列区域。该结果也表明MITE元件多插入在基因的附近，推测将对基因的表达产生一定影响。有些MITE元件插入基因的3`区，能够改变基因的PolyA信号。Hbr元件插入玉米抗病基因hm的3’UTR区后，使该基因失去活性。很多研究显示，MITE总是位于基因的上游，启动子是基因转录中重要的调控元件，决定基因表达的时空特异性，这些MITE元件可能影响启动子的活性、RNA拼接、转录终止、RNA的稳定性以及基因的编码能力。
Field guide to plant galls of California and other western states 加州及其它西部诸州植物瘿野外指南 Russo, Ron. 2006. Field guide to plant galls of California and other western states. University of California. pp 1-397. Table of Contents 目录 Acknowledgments and Preface 致谢和序言 ix Introduction 介绍 1 About This Guide 关于这部指南 4 What Are Galls? 什么是瘿 5 The Science of Gall Study 研究瘿的科学 6 A Brief History of Galls 瘿的简史 7 Where Galls Form 何处成瘿 9 Gall Inducers at a Glance 造瘿者一瞥 10 Common Types of Galls 瘿的常见类型 13 Seasonal Appearance and Growth Rate 季相和生长率 19 Environmental Factors 环境因子 20 Damage to Host Plants 对寄主植物的损伤 22 Galls as Nutrient Sinks 瘿作为营养汇 25 The Gall Community 瘿群落 27 Parasite-inquiline Influence on Gall Shape 寄生者和寄居者对瘿的形状的影响 28 Gall-Inducer Defense 造瘿者的防御 29 Honeydew and Bees, Yellow Jackets, and Ants 蜜露和蜜蜂、胡蜂、蚂蚁 31 Insect Predators 昆虫捕食者 33 Birds and Mammals 鸟类和兽类 34 The Gall Inducers 造瘿者 37 Bacteria 细菌 38 Fungi 真菌 40 Mistletoes 檞寄生 45 Mites 螨类 47 Aphids and Adelgids 蚜虫和？球蚜 50 Psyllids 木虱 52 Moths 蛾类 53 Beetles 甲虫 56 Leaf-mining Flies 潜叶蝇 57 Tephritid Fruit Flies 实蝇 58 Midges 瘿蚊 60 Wasps 瘿蜂 63 Gall Accounts 瘿描述 73 Tree Galls 乔木瘿 75 Shrub Galls 灌木瘿 217 Miscellaneous Galls （其它）各种瘿 333 Native Plant Galls 本地植物瘿 333 Ornamental Plant Galls 观赏植物瘿 339 Epilogue 跋 342 Glossary 词汇 343 References 参考文献 347 Index 索引 363
Plant Galls of Great Britain 大不列颠的植物瘿 Connold, E. J. (1909) Plant Galls of Great Britain. Adlard Son, London. pp 1-292. Contents 目录 Preface 前言 1 About plant galls 关于植物瘿 2 Where, and when, to look for galls 哪里何时去找植物瘿 3 How to collect, arrange, and display galls 如何采集、安放和展示植物瘿 4 Gall-producers and their habits 造瘿者和它们的习性 5 The principles of gall formation 成瘿规律 6 Key to the system employed in describing the galls 描述植物瘿所采用体系中的关键术语 English names of host-plants mentioned in this volume 本卷所提及的寄主植物的英文名 Latin Do. 本卷所提及的寄主植物的拉丁名 Galls on plants whose English name begins with (A,B,C,...,Y) 英文名以(A,B,C,...,Y)开头的植物上的瘿 A list of galls not described on previous pages 以上页面中未提及植物瘿的列表 Abnormal growths not due to parasitic agency 非寄生者导致的异常生长 Galls caused by Cynips calicis, Bdf 瘿蜂Cynips calicis导致的植物瘿 Galls caused by Cynips tinctoria, May 没食子蜂导致的植物瘿 Addenda 增补 Names of authors mentioned in this volume 本卷中提及的作者名单 Synonyms of gall-producers 造瘿者的同名 Parasites and inquilines 寄生者和寄居者 Names of contributors of galls to the authors 提供植物瘿给作者的贡献者名单 Alternate generations of British Cynipidaeus 英国瘿蜂的世代交替 Gall-producers afffecting the oak 为害橡树的造瘿者 Glossary 词汇 Index 索引
Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthropods 造瘿节肢动物的生物学、生态学和进化 Raman A, Schaefer CW, Withers TM. 2005. Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Volumes 1 2. Enfield: Science Publishers, Inc. pp 1-780. 关键词 Key words: galls,mines,insect,mite,虫瘿,潜道,昆虫,螨类 cover img source: http://www.nhbs.com/ Contents 目录: Volume 1 卷1 . Galls and Gall-inducing Arthropods: An Overview of their Biology, Ecology, and Evolution 虫瘿和造瘿节肢动物:生物学、生态学和进化概述: A. Raman et al. . Biology of Gall-inducing Acari 造瘿螨类的生物学: George N. Oldfield . Gall-inducing Thrips: An Evolutionary Perspective 造瘿蓟马：进化的角度: Laurence A. Mound and David C. Morris . Gall-inducing Aphids: Biology, Ecology, and Evolution 造瘿蚜虫：生物学、生态学和进化: David Wool . Gall-inducing Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) 造瘿粉虱（半翅目：粉虱科）: David N. Byrne . Gall-inducing Heteropterans (Hemiptera) 造瘿蝽类（半翅目）: Carl W. Schaefer . Gall-inducing Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) 造瘿蚧类（半翅目：胸喙亚目：蚧总科）: Penny J. Gullan et al. . Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) 造瘿木虱（半翅目：木虱总科）的生物学、生态学和进化: Daniel Burckhardt. . Gall-inducing Coleoptera 造瘿鞘翅目: Boris A. Korotyaev et al. . Biology and Ecology of Gall-inducing Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) 造瘿瘿蚊（双翅目）的生物学和生态学: Junichi Yukawa and Odette Rohfritsch . Phylogeny of Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) 瘿蚊（瘿蚊科）的系统发育: Hans C. Roskam . Phylogenetic Relationships, Ecology, and Ecological Genetics of Cecidogenous Tephritidae 造瘿实蝇的系统发育关系、生态学和生态遗传学: Valery Korneyev et al. . The Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Shoot Flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) 秆蝇（双翅目：秆蝇科）的生物学、生态学和进化: Luc De Bruyn . Dipteran Leaf Miners 双翅目的潜叶虫: Martin Dempewolf Volume 2 卷2 . Gall-inducing Lepidoptera 造瘿鳞翅目: William E. Miller . Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae and Xyelidae) 造瘿叶蜂（膜翅目：叶蜂科和节锯蜂科）的生物学、生态学和进化: Heikki Roininen et al. . Biology of Gall Inducers and Evolution of Gall Induction in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Torymidae) 小蜂总科（膜翅目：姬小蜂科、广肩小蜂科、金小蜂科、长斑小蜂科、长尾小蜂科）的造瘿虫生物学和造瘿的进化: John LaSalle . Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Fig-pollinating Wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) 榕树传粉蜂类（小蜂总科：榕小蜂科）的生物学、生态学和进化: Finn Kjellberg et al. . Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-inducing Cynipidae 造瘿瘿蜂的生物学、生态学和进化: Gyrgy Cska et al. . Gall Flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) on Myrtaceae：A Mutualistic Association between Flies and Nematodes 桃金娘科的造瘿蝇类（双翅目: 佛蝇科）：蝇类和线虫的互利共生: Gary S. Taylor et al. . Diversity of Gall-inducing Arthropods of Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加造瘿节肢动物多样性: Paul E. Hanson and Jorge Gmez-Laurito . Habitat-driven Effects on the Diversity of Gall-inducing Insects in the Brazilian Cerrado 生境对巴西Cerrado地区造瘿昆虫多样性的影响（？？）: G. Wilson Fernandes et al. . Gall-inducing Arthropods Used in the Biological Control of Weeds 用于杂草生物防治的造瘿节肢动物: R. Muniappan and Rachel E. McFadyen . Dual Aseptic Culture of Gall-inducing Arthropods and their Host Plants 造瘿节肢动物及其寄主植物的无菌共培养: Rolf Beiderbeck.
吴伟南，欧剑峰，黄静玲. 2009. 中国动物志无脊椎动物第四十七卷蛛形纲蜱螨亚纲植绥螨科. 北京：科学出版社. 1-511. Wu W, Ou J, Huang J. 2009. Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata Vol.47, Arachnida, Acari, Phytoseiidae. Beijing: Science Press. 1-511. 前言 Preface 总论 General 一、研究简史 Brief research history 二、形态结构 Morphology and structure 三、地理分布 Geographical distribution 四、生物学特性与生活习性 Biological characteristics and living habits 五、经济意义与利用情况 Economic importance and utilization 六、饲养和贮藏 Rearing and storaging 七、标本采集、制作和保存 Specimen collection, making and preservation 各论 Special 植绥螨科 Phytoseiidae 一、钝绥螨亚科 Amblyseiinae 1. 钝绥螨属 Amblyseius 2. 真绥螨属 Euseius 3. 伊绥螨属 Iphiseius 4. 印小绥螨属 Indoseiulus 5. 冲绥螨属 Okiseius 6. 植盾螨属 Phytoscutus 7. 小植绥螨属 Phytoseiulus 8. 粗绥螨属 Asperoseius 9. 拟植绥螨属 Paraphytoseius 二、植绥螨亚科 Phytoseiinae 10. 植绥螨属 Phytoseius 三、盲走螨亚科 Typhlodrominae 11. 钱绥螨属 Chanteius 12. 副绥伦螨属 Paraseiulus 13. 库螨属 Kuzinellus 14. 盲走螨属 Typhlodromus 15. 静走螨属 Galendromus 参考文献 References 英文摘要 Abstract in English 中名索引 Index of Chinese names 学名索引 Index of Scientific names 附录 Appedices 中国已记录的植绥螨因其它原因未收入本志描述者 Other recorded phytoseiid species in China which not included in this monograph 《中国动物志》已出版书目 Serial faunal monographs already published 图版 Figure plates
［书 Book］ 世界植绥螨科（蜱螨亚纲: 中气门亚目）各属和亚属的图解检索表和鉴定 Illustrated Keys and Diagnoses for the Genera and Subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the World (Acari: Mesostigmata) Chant, D.A. and McMurtry, J.A. (2007) Illustrated keys and diagnoses for the genera and subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the world (Acari: Mesostigmata). West Bloomfield: Indira Publishing House, 1-220. Abstract: Illustrated keys are presented for the subfamilies, tribes, subtribes, genera and subgenera of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Diagnoses are given for these taxa and figures are provided for type and other important species. 摘要: 提供了植绥螨科（蜱螨亚纲: 中气门亚目）各亚科、族、亚族，属和亚属的图解检索表。给出了这些阶元的鉴定，提供了模式种和其他重要物种的图示。 目录很长，就不在这里提供了。
We found many predatory mites on almostevery leaf of grapefruit trees in our campus, 15 individuals per leaf at most. There might be phytoseiid mites and Anystid mites. The predatory mites occured mostly near the main vein since the hairs can provide shelter and the eggs and adults of citrus red mite alsodistribute there. 由于没有打药，校园22棵柚子树上捕食螨较多，几乎每片叶子都有，最多可发现15只。拍到了植绥螨科、大赤螨科等成螨及卵的照片，发现捕食螨多喜欢在主脉活动，上面多毛，提供了隐蔽所，另外一个原因是柑橘红蜘蛛的卵和成虫也多在主脉。 经蜱螨实验室QQ群的金平初步确定有植绥螨 Preliminary identification by Jin Ping @ Acari Lab QQ Group to confirm the present of Phytoseiidae. If you can help to identify the mite species, please tell me, thanks. 如能帮助鉴定捕食螨种类，非常感谢！ 捕食螨个体01 Predatory mite individual 01 (Phytoseiidae) -- Euseius nicholsi . male under XSP-12CE Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and 10X objective under Olympus Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and4X objective under Olympus Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and10X objective under Olympus Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and20X objective under Olympus Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and40X objective 捕食螨个体02 Predatory mite individual 02 (Phytoseiidae) -- Euseius nicholsi . male under XSP-12CE Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and 10X objective (348 um long and 291 um widerespectively of dorsal plate) under XSP-12CE Stereoscope with 10X eyepiece and40X objective 捕食螨的卵 03 Predatory miteeggs 03 (?Phytoseiidae) Under IPM Scope Microscopic Camera 100X 捕食螨 04Predatory mite individuals 04(?Phytoseiidae) Under Cannon IXUS 75 Camera with with 150X X-loupe microscopic lens 捕食螨个体05 Predatory mite individual 05 (?Anystidae) Under IPM Scope Microscopic Camera 40X (?) 非常感谢吴伟南先生的鉴定，并教会我辨识雌雄的方法。Great thanks to Prof. Weinan Wu, whoidentified the Euseius nicholsi above and taught me the differences between male and female. 感谢赣南师范学院刘仁林博士和屈鸿恩老师提供显微镜和显微测量方面的帮助。Thanks to Dr. Renlin Liu and Mr. Hongen Qufor the aid of microscopy and microscopic measurements. 感谢赣南师范学院曾竞、李珺、刘文平等协助调查和拍摄 Thanks to Jing Zeng, Jun Li, Wenping Liuet al. for the aid of investigation and microscopic cameraing. Study Site @ Google Earth, 谷歌地球上的研究地坐标
Walter D, Proctor H. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. Sydney Wallingford UK: Univ. of NSW Press CABI Publishing, 1-322. Main Contents 主要目录： What Good are Mites? 螨类有什么用？（这个翻译没有把握） The Origin of Mites 螨类的起源 Systematic and Morphological Survey 系统及形态概观 Life Cycles, Development and Size 生活史、发育和体型大小 Sex and Celibacy 性别和独身现象 Mites in Detritus and Soil Systems 碎屑和土壤系统中的螨类 Acari Underwater, or, Why Did Mites Take the Pluge? 水下的螨类，或者说，为什么螨类要进入水体？ Mites on Plants 植物上的螨类 Animals as Habitats 以动物为生境（的螨类） Mites and Biological Diversity 螨类和生物多样性 Mites as Models 螨类作为研究模型
A leaf-mining mite feeding on waterhyacinth 取食水葫芦的一种潜叶螨 Orthogalumna terebrantis (Acarina: Galumnidae) 蜱螨目：大翼甲螨科 As we know, leafminers are insects belong to four orders. Yesterday, it was amazing for me to read that one oribatid mite ( Orthogalumna terebrantis ) has similar food habit to leaf mining. The phytophagous mite feed on Pontederiaceae plants, including the noxious water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) and pickerelweed（ Ponterdria cordata ）. The adults lay eggs on pseudolaminae (i.e. leaf-like structures) and the immatures make mines in leaves (Walter Proctor, 1999). To the most, the mite can make 25-50 feeding mines in a cm 2 area, and the mines may overlap each other to form large dry patches. However, a large number of mites are required to efficiently control the waterhyacinth (Gerson et al., 2003). More interestingly, the mines help the infestion of a leaf spot fungus ( Acremonium zonatum , which is vectored by this mite species). The tissue injury of waterhyacinth by this mite will release a kairomone to stimulate the weevil ( Neochetina eichhorniae ) to oviposite, and the agents would not harm each other. Such combination may give a better control on water hyacinth (Del Fosse, 1978; Cromroy 1983；Walter Proctor, 1999; Gerson et al., 2003). Description of the species pls ref to 物种描述请参见: http://www.invasive.org/eastern/biocontrol/4WaterHyacinth.html Photo：Mines of the waterhyacinth mite ( Orthogalumna terebrantis ) 照片：水葫芦甲螨(暂用中文名， Orthogalumna terebrantis )的潜道 我们所说的潜叶虫是昆虫，分属于昆虫纲的四个目。但是，昨天我很惊讶地读到一种甲螨( Orthogalumna terebrantis )具备类似于潜叶的食性。该螨为植食性，主要取食雨久花科植物，包括臭名昭著的水葫芦( Eichhornia crassipes )和眼子菜（ Ponterdria cordata ）。成螨产卵于叶状体上，幼螨则潜叶(Walter Proctor, 1999)。最多的时候，每平方厘米叶面上有25-50个取食虫道。虫道可以相互重叠形成大的斑块。然而，需要很高数目的螨才能控制水葫芦(Gerson et al., 2003)。 更有趣的是：水葫芦甲螨所造成的伤口有助于环带顶孢( Acremonium zonatum ）的侵染，水葫芦甲螨也是这种真菌的传播媒介。甲螨所造成的水葫芦组织损伤会释放出一种益他性外激素，刺激水葫芦象甲（ Neochetina eichhorniae ）的产卵，两种生防因子可以和平相处。这种组合可以更好地控制水葫芦(Del Fosse, 1978; Cromroy 1983；Walter Proctor, 1999; Gerson et al., 2003）。 References 参考文献: Cromroy H L. 1983. Potential use of mites in biological control of terrestrial and aquatic weeds. In: Hoy M A, Cunningham G L, Knutson L. (eds.) Biological Control of Pests by Mites. Berkeley: University of California Agriculture Experiment Station Special Publication, 3304: 61-66. Del Fosse E S. 1978. Interaction between the mottled waterhyacinth weevil, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and the waterhyacinth mite, Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork. In: Freeman T E. (ed.) Proc. IV Int. Symp. Biological Control of Weeds. Gainesville: University of Florida, 93-97. Gerson U, Smiley R L, Ochoa R. 2003. Mites (Acari) for Pest Control. Oxford: Blackwell: 344-349. Walter D, Proctor H. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. Sydney Wallingford UK: Univ. of NSW Press CABI Publishing, 177.
标签: mite
