56 叶幸运草（leaf clover）：世界纪录 Most leaves on a clover 最 “ 幸运 ” 的四叶草是由日本岩手县的 Shigeo Obara 持有的。2009 年 5 月 10 日，Obara 找到了片有 56 片叶子的四叶草。至于它是不是能带来普通四叶草 14 倍的运气，那就没人能确定了。 （日本岩手県花巻市，Hanamaki City, Iwate, Japan） http://www.myzaker.com/article/59aa041a1bc8e0fc37000003/ （1） http://blogcaycanh.vn/cay_canh/d/co-4-la-co-bon-la （2） https://www.gartenfreunde.de/gartenpraxis/gut-zu-wissen/rekord-kleeblatt/ （2-2） Shigeo Obara （日本岩手県花巻市，Hanamaki City, Iwate, Japan） https://www.gartenfreunde.de/gartenpraxis/gut-zu-wissen/rekord-kleeblatt/ Most leaves on a clover https://www.guinnessworldrecords.jp/world-records/most-leaves-on-a-clover 内容：56 total number 場所：日本 (Hanamaki City) 達成日：2009年5月10日 （3） 21-leaf clover http://pinktentacle.com/2008/06/21-leaf-clover/ A 21-leaf clover discovered on June 3 by Iwate prefecture farmer Shigeo Obara has shattered the Guinness world record for most leaves on a clover stem (Trifolium repens L.). The current official record is held by an 18-leaf clover that Obara found in his garden in May 2002. （4） http://www.pinktentacle.com/images/21_leaf_clover_1.jpg （5） https://yeinjee.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/japan-weird-001.jpg 相关链接： 2019-06-14，四叶、五叶、六叶（三叶草，白车轴草）：卡片机傻拍2019（93） http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1185016.html 2019-06-12，四叶，在三叶草（白车轴草）中：卡片机傻拍2019（92） http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1184823.html 感谢您的指教！ 感谢您指正以上任何错误！ 感谢您提供更多的相关资料！
Last two emails from Leo Hickey (1940--2013) 一位生物学史专家曾跟我说，现在的人们习惯手机电话、短信或 email 等联系，传统的纸质通信很少见了。未来的历史学家如何研究历史呢？如何面对深埋在虚拟世界的史料呢？ 今天我开始清理电子信箱之工作，发现耶鲁大学已故古植物学家 Leo J. Hickey 教授 2012 年 5 月写给我的两封电子邮件 。我们主要谈论了两件事：一是关于《叶结构手册》中文版；二是关于建立“中国国家自然历史博物馆”之科学梦想。 Hickey 教授认为：“ All great countries have such afacility and I hope it is just a matter of time until China decides to do this.I cannot imagine that it would not be extremely popular and also a major forcefor advancing research. ” 2012 年夏我返回美国。虽然我离 New Haven 不远，但一直没有再访 耶鲁。 2013 年 2 月 9 日 Hickey 教授在康州 Branford 去世。我计划写一篇题为“我所结识的第一位美国古植物学家”之文章，但还没有完成。 孙启高 2013 年 6 月 27 日写于美东 ========================= ----- 原始邮件 -----I 发件人 : Hickey, Leo 发送时间 : 2012 年 5 月 30 日 星期三 收件人 : 孙启高 抄送 : 主题 : RE: about Chinese English version of Manual of Leaf Architecture Dear Dr. Sun, Thank you for sending me the pages from the Chinese-English version of theManual of Leaf Architecture. The sample pages look very nice and I think thatthe decision to include the original definitions in English is very wise. Ishall be very happy to write a shot preface to this edition and will try tohave it to you in two week's time. Sincerely, Leo J. Hickey =============== ----- 原始邮件 -----II 发件人 : Hickey, Leo 发送时间 : 2012 年 5 月 18 日 星期五 收件人 : 孙启高 抄送 : 主题 : RE: uncertainty of the future of Chinese palaeobotany Dear Dr. Sun, Thank you for your e-mail note with the news of the translation of theleaf architecture book. I look forward to seeing it and hope that itcontributes to the advancement of paleobotanical studies in China. I also wishyou well in your efforts to establish a national museum of natural history inChina. All great countries have such a facility and I hope it is just a matterof time until China decides to do this. I cannot imagine that it would not beextremely popular and also a major force for advancing research. Sincerely, Leo J. Hickey ==================== 相关阅读： 古植物学名家 -- 耶鲁大学 Leo J. Hickey 教授 (1940--2013) 逝世 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-661477.html ================
氮沉降背景下，长期养分增加是否会导致植物叶属性发生相应变化？那些因子更敏感？长期条件下，植物如何适应和响应？ Effects of nutrient addition on leaf chemistry, morphology, and photosynthetic capacity of three bog shrubs Bubier, JL (Bubier, Jill L.) 1 ; Smith, R (Smith, Rose) 1 ; Juutinen, S (Juutinen, Sari) 1 ; Moore, TR (Moore, Tim R.) 2 ; Minocha, R (Minocha, Rakesh) 3 ; Long, S (Long, Stephanie) 3 ; Minocha, S (Minocha, Subhash) 4 Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V(cmax)), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V(cmax) in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH(4)) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment. Keywords: N deposition–Nutrient use efficiency–Amino acids–Ammonium toxicity–Peatland–Polyamines source： http://www.springerlink.com/content/g045445365552458/
亚高山的一种常绿灌木叶氮重吸收及其光合活性 posted on 2007年8月25日 9:22 由 upzl from formerly blog in Chinaeteam Title: Nitrogen resorption and photosynthetic activity over leaf life span in an evergreen shrub, Rhododendron ferrugineum, in a subalpine environment Authors: Pornon, A; Lamaze, T Source: NEW PHYTOLOGIST 175 (2): 301-310 2007 Keywords : N-15 and C-14 labelling; evergreenness; leaf life span; nitrogen (N) resorption; nitrogen use efficiency; photosynthesis Abstract: Here, the advantages for a shrub of having long vs short-lived leaves was investigated in Rhododendron ferrugineum by following nitrogen(N-15) and carbon(C-14) resorption and translocation, and photosynthetic capacity over the life span. Mean leaf life span was 19 months. Nitrogen (N) resorption in attached leaves occurred mainly in the first year (23%) and reached a maximum of 31% in the second. Although, resorption was similar in attached and fallen 1-yr-old leaves, it was on average one-third higher in fallen than in attached older leaves. Final N resorption of a leaf compartment reached 41%, half occurring from healthy leaves during the first year. Photosynthetic capacity decreased slightly during the life span. Before shoot growth, plant photosynthesis was mainly supported by 1-yr-old leaves, although the contribution of the 2-yr-old leaves was nonnegligible (15% of the capacity and higher carbon transfer toward the roots). After shoot growth, the current-year leaves made the greatest contribution. Our results suggest that short-lived leaves (half of the cohort) are mainly involved in a photosynthetic function, having a high photosynthetic capacity and drawing most of their resorbed N towards current-year leaves; and long-lived leaves are also involved in a conservative function, increasing N resorption and mean residence time (MRT). from: http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2SrcAuth=AlertingSrcApp=AlertingDestApp=WOSDestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000247477700011 相关文献: New Phytologist 154 (1), 99105. Do mature leaves provide a net source of nitrogen supporting shoot growth in Rhododendron ferrugineum? R. Milla, P. Castro-Diacute;ez, M. Maestro-Martiacute;nez and G. Montserrat-Martiacute;. (2005) Relationships between phenology and the remobilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in branches of eight Mediterranean evergreens. New Phytologist 168:1, 167178 T. Lamaze, F. Pasche and A. Pornon. (2003) Uncoupling nitrogen requirements for spring growth from root uptake in a young evergreen shrub (Rhododendron ferrugineum). New Phytologist 159:3, 637644 Relative contributions of leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate to change in growth rate depend on growth temperature: comparative analysis of subantarctic and alpine grasses Danielle E. Medek, Marilyn C. Ball and Marcus Schortemeyer Summary New Phytologist, Volume 175, Issue 2, Page 290-300, Jul 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02097.x
一直以来都认为传统的群落生态学已经几乎停步不前，因此类似niche这样的词才被吵的沸沸扬扬（当然本人对这类生词非常缺乏认识）．群落生态学怎么发展，以后的道路如何，让ISI上引用频次达９９次（截止本博文发表日期）的这篇文章来诠释一下吧． Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits Brian J. McGill a , , Brian J. Enquist b , Evan Weiher c and Mark Westoby d a Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1B1 b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA c Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia Available online 17 February 2006. There is considerable debate about whether community ecology will ever produce general principles. We suggest here that this can be achieved but that community ecology has lost its way by focusing on pairwise species interactions independent of the environment. We assert that community ecology should return to an emphasis on four themes that are tied together by a two-step process: how the fundamental niche is governed by functional traits within the context of abiotic environmental gradients; and how the interaction between traits and fundamental niches maps onto the realized niche in the context of a biotic interaction milieu. We suggest this approach can create a more quantitative and predictive science that can more readily address issues of global change.
以前也碰到过某个地区森林和土壤养分含量偏高的情况，数据不充分，难以解释，不妨看看别人怎么解释的． Title: High Foliar and Soil Nitrogen Concentrations in Central Appalachian Forests Authors: Davis, SC; Dragan, KE; Buyarski, CR; Thomas, RB Source: ECOSYSTEMS 12 (1): 46-56 FEB 2009 Language: Author Keywords: soil nitrogen; foliar N; Central Appalachian; West Virginia; hardwood species; spatial variation; ecosystem scaling; canopy N; eastern US hardwood forests; topography; Fernow Experimental Forest Abstract: Regional topography and climate variation yield differences in ecosystem attributes that make spatially scaled estimates of forest productivity challenging. Foliar nitrogen is a primary indicator of forest ecosystem productivity and is used in regional estimates of terrestrial productivity, but this characteristic has not been well described in the Central Appalachian region. Here we describe foliar and soil N variation among species and elevations at two spatial scales in the Central Appalachian region: (1) across the Elklick watershed in the Fernow Experimental Forest and (2) across the state of West Virginia. We found higher foliar N concentrations at both scales than those previously reported for other temperate forest regions . Canopy and soil nitrogen concentrations were also much greater in the Fernow than generally observed across West Virginia. Soil N concentrations in the Fernow were two times greater than those observed across West Virginia. Species-related differences were observed at both spatial scales, but were not always consistent. Canopy N ranges are generally consistent across elevations throughout the state of West Virginia, but should be scaled according to species-related elevation effects for studies that estimate productivity differences in response to harvest or changing species composition. The incongruence of foliar and soil N concentrations at the Fernow Experimental Forest are not explained by elevation or species composition, but are likely a consequence of greater historical N and H+ deposition relative to the surrounding West Virginia region. weblink: http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2SrcAuth=AlertingSrcApp=AlertingDestApp=WOSDestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000263794200004
标签: leaf
