# 编者信息 熊荣川 明湖实验室 xiongrongchuan@126.com http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz Divergent and Convergent Evolution Homology is a product of divergent evolution. This means that a single ancestor species split, or diverges, into two or more species at some time in its history. This occurs due to some type of natural selection or environmental isolation that separates the new species from the ancestor. The divergent species now begin to evolve separately, but they still retain some of the characteristics of the common ancestor. These shared ancestral characteristics are known as homologies. Homoplasy, on the other hand, is due to convergent evolution. Here, different species develop, rather than inherit, similar traits. This may happen because the species are living in similar environments, filling similar niches, or through the process of natural selection. One example of convergent natural selection is when a species evolves to mimic the appearance of another, such as when a non-poisonous species develop similar markings to a highly venomous species. Such mimicry offers a distinct advantage by deterring potential predators. The similar markings shared by the scarlet king snake (a harmless species) and the deadly coral snake is an example of convergent evolution. 分化与趋同演化 同源性是趋异演化的产物。这意味着一个祖先物种在其历史上的某个时期分化成两个或更多物种。其实现由于某种自然选择或环境隔离，将新物种从祖先中分离出来。分化后的不同物种开始独立演化，但它们仍然保留着共同祖先的一些特征。这些共同的祖先特征被称为同源性。 另一方面，异源同形是由于趋同进化造成的。在这里，不同的物种发展，而不是继承相似的特征。这可能是因为物种生活在相似的环境中，填补了相似的生态位，或通过自然选择的过程。趋同自然选择的一个例子是，一个物种进化到模仿另一个物种的外观，例如，当一个无毒物种发展出与一个剧毒物种相似的标记时。这种模仿通过威慑潜在的捕食者提供了明显的优势。猩红王蛇（一种无害的物种）和致命的珊瑚蛇拥有相似的标记也是趋同进化的一个例子。 The Difference Between Homology and Homoplasy https://www.thoughtco.com/homology-vs-homoplasy-1224821
# 编者信息 熊荣川 明湖实验室 xiongrongchuan@126.com http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz Two common terms used in the science of evolution are homology and homoplasy. While these terms sound similar (and indeed have a shared linguistic element), they are quite different in their scientific meanings. Both terms refer to sets of biological characteristics that are shared by two or more species (hence the prefix homo), but one term indicates that the shared characteristic came from a common ancestor species, while the other term refers to a shared characteristic that evolved independently in each species. 进化生物学中常用的两个术语是同源性和同形性（非同源相似性）。尽管这些术语听起来很相似（而且确实有一个共同的语言元素），但它们在科学意义上却截然不同。这两个术语都是指两个或两个以上物种（因此前缀为“同”）共享的一组生物学特性，但一个术语表示共享特性来自同一祖先物种，而另一个术语是指在每个物种中独立进化来的共享特性。 The Difference Between Homology and Homoplasy https://www.thoughtco.com/homology-vs-homoplasy-1224821
标签: 非同源相似性
