Xi'an, China 2.2.2015 Which Kind of Cells Do You Want to Become ? Xuxin Liu Ph.Dr Email: liuxuxin@yahoo.com Abstract Based on the development of network and information technology and the progress of social civilization, forced by the challenges faced by human being,human society is about to enter a newera. The human being on the earth will form a whole, called as the earth man. Each individual is only a cell of the earth man. This will bring profound changes to human society. Th e Th ree L evels and Three Types of Rules Now the universe has evolved into three levels. The first level is the material world formed from the origin of universe to the present. Its evolution is governed by various laws of physics. The second level is theanimal and plant world, including microbe, formed from the birth of life. Its evolution is governed by Darwin's law. The third level is our society formed from the birth of human being. We live in the society. We know more about its history. But public opinions about its evolution law are divergent. As a poetry of the China described:a person doesn't see the whole landscape of a mountain, since he stays inside it. The Earth Man -Next Destination of Human Being There are countless philosophers, scientists and politicians have been exploring the direction of development of human society and its law. They also in various degree partly reveal ed the direction and the law . During this period there was an important and widely accepted theory — Darwin's theory of evolution. This theory ha d successfully explained the animal and plant world.So the majority also use this theory to explain and predict the human society. In the early stage of human society, humans still had strong primitiv e animality. Therefore Darwin theory can approximately explain social phenomena at that time. With the development of science and the progress of civilization, the contradiction between social phenomenon and the theory increasingly shows up. There are three facts which are obviously contrary to the theory. First, excellent races didn't win in competition. In the two World Wars, especially in the Second World War the best races of the time - Germanic people and Yamato actually failed. Second, for thousands of years kings and nobles have reproduced with artificial preferential selection way. But now th eir offspring still are ordinary people according to the genetic standard. Third, no n excellent individuals or groups undoubtedly obtain more and more right to existence and the opportunities to reproduce. In conclusion, neither super individual s or super group s have evolved from human beings nor no n- excellent individuals or groups have been eliminated. But human intelligence has been greatly enhanced overall. It seems that God didn't copy Darwin theo ry in the human society . Reviewing the development process of human society for thousands of years, we can clearly conclude: human's continually going from the wilderness to civilization, from ignorance to science, from perceptual stage to reasonable, from dictatorship to democracy, from competition to cooperation. Based on the conclusion, the direction of development for human society can be easily deduced and imagined. Where will humans go? Since the birth of human being in Africa, in order to survive they continually migrate. Like locusts, wherever the human's footprints went then the woods disappeared and the natural resources were exhausted. Then the climate deteriorated. Then they migrated elsewhere, leaving behind the desert. Now we have spread all over the world. On this planet we have nowhere to migrate to. Especially for the last half century, the humans are facing more and more serious crisis of survival: the population explosion, climate anomaly, global warming, the depletion of water resources, desertification, deforestation, sharp drop in the number of species, infectious diseases raging... The crises can not be solved by one or several countries. Therefore it forces humans to unite and jointly cope with the problems. In addition, the development of space technology enable human beings to see the realm and opportunities beyond the Earth. But the exploration of space also need to integrate the global manpower and natural resources. But a t present the nation systems and the social structures based on competition mechanism are obviously not conducive to the human's solidarity and cooperation. Thank God, just at this time, the network and the information technology have had greatly developed. It provides a necessary hardware condition for the human's solidarity and cooperation, and popularization of advanced thoughts. Synthesizing the above facts, the development direction of human society can be clearly shown out. That is,t he human being on the earth will form a whole, called as the earth man for the moment. The global information network will be the neural network of the earth man. Each individual will only be a cell of the earth man. G reat M en no L onger For thousands of years, great men had played a leading role in the process of civilization. Sometimes a great man can even change the concept of the human or the historical process. Like lighthouses they guided history, for example Socrates, Confucius, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Napoleon... But in the present age, promoting progress of science and history is no longer a patent of the few elite. Now the progress comes from the collective efforts of the humans. For example, in recent decades the significant events in the world: the birth of computer and its popularization(including softwares and hardwares), the revolutionary development of network and information technology, the development of space technology, the completion of human genome project and the discovery of human's origin in Africa, the rise of Chinese economy,the peaceful international environment for half a century...all those come from the collective efforts of human. This situation makes the Nobel Committee, specially encouraging elite, in an embarrassing position. In retrospect, in the last century among the Nobel award winners there still were Einstein (1921), Martin Luther King Jr. (1964), Mother Teresa (1979)etc. who affected the world. But now such great men no longer arise. So the Nobel Prize now has to be awarded to a few persons in a large number of outstanding figures. Great mens disappearing is the inevitable outcome of historical progress.In the modern civilization there are more and more individuals possessing knowledge and ability, and the difference in knowledge degree between them is also more and more little. Detailed social division of labor also let each individual with different ability have a work suitable for him or her. The modern civilization and science can be only propelled by the collective efforts. So in the near future the world's most civilians will collaborate to make history. Not Competition - Be a Normal Person In the process of human's entering the earth man era, the social structures and the ideas will undergo profound changes. State will degenerate into community. Party will degenerate into society. Army will be transformed into police or security personnel(probably be white cells of the earth man ). At the same time the international committees of experts such as the United Nations etc. will play a more important role in management of world affairs. People will no longer worship idols and greats. All the concepts formed under the competition mechanism, such as to overcome and surpass others, to be richer than others, to make a greater contribution etc. will be abandoned. The mutual coordination between one organization and another, or one person and another, will replace the competition between them.The relationship between man and man will be like the relationship between cell and cell in a body. The relation between a social group and another will be like the relation between an organ and another in a body. The objective of education will be to train the useful persons instead of the geniuses. The thought for parents to want their child to become a great man will be foolish and infructuous. To become an ordinary person will be one of the most popular ideas. That is, each person, according to his interest and ability, will become a simple and useful cell of the earth man. Here I would like to modify and quote a text of a Chinese celebrity: The time of the earth man is coming. It is like a ship far out at sea whose mast-head can already be seen from the shore;it is like the morning sun in the east whose shimmering rays are visible from a high mountain top; it is like a child about to be born moving restlessly in its mother's womb. Finally, I would like to praise the great Creator. For human being he created blue sky, white clouds, mountains, rivers, forests, steppes... Imperceptibly, he guided mankind out of the forests, then out of the Africa. After experiencing countless wars and sufferings, we finally understand the truth: With love, through continuous exploration and cooperation, we will be able to create a better future. Email: liuxuxin@yahoo.com
2 which kind of cells do you want to become.pdf Based on the development of network and information technology and the progress of social civilization, forced by the challenges faced by human being,human society is about to enter a new era. The human being on the earth will form a whole, called as the earth man. Each individual is only a cell of the earth man. This will bring profound changes to human society.
Last of the Wild (IGHP), v2 (1995 – 2004) Last of the Wild (Geographic), v2 (1995 – 2004) Global Human Influence Index (IGHP), v2 (1995 – 2004) Global Human Influence Index (Geographic), v2 (1995 – 2004) Global Human Footprint (IGHP), v2 (1995 – 2004) Global Human Footprint (Geographic), v2 (1995 – 2004)
CALL FOR PAPERS DEADLINE 31st December 2014 REGISTRATION WILL OPEN IN MARCH 2015 Human Behaviour in Fire is the study of human response when exposed to fire and other similar emergencies in buildings, structures and transportation systems. It includes an understanding of people’s awareness, beliefs, attitudes, motivations, decisions, behaviours and coping strategies and the factors that influence them. The study of human behaviour in fire is highly multidisciplinary, involving practitioners from the fields of mathematics, engineering, architecture, computer science, law, sociology, psychology, human factors, communications and ergonomics. The primary aim of human behaviour research and its translation into practice is to minimise the risk to people from fire. This is achieved by generating and collecting quantitative and qualitative data and information on human responses which can be used to develop human fire response theory for use in performance based regulatory systems, computational models, fire safety engineering design, fire safety education and management. The 6th Human Behaviour in Fire Symposium will facilitate the dissemination, open discussion and debate on diverse issues related to human behaviour in fire through a varied programme of research presentations, seminar discussions and interactive workshops. . All papers related to the field of human behaviour in fire are welcome, however the Programme Committee invites all those interested in this broad research area to join colleagues in Cambridge this autumn to exchange views and ideas in the stunning collegiate setting of Downing College. Committee Members : Karen Boyce, Univ of Ulster, UK - Chair Jason Averill, NIST, USA Dorothy Bruck, Victoria Univ of Tech, Australia Rita Fahy, NFPA, USA Carole Franks, Interscience Communications, UK Hakan Frantzich, Lund Univ, Sweden Edwin Galea, Univ of Greenwich, UK Steve Gwynne, NRCC, Canada Glenn Hedman, Univ of Illinois at Chicago, USA Morgan Hurley, SFPE, USA Erica Kuligowski, NIST, USA Brian Meachem, Worcester Polytechnic Inst, USA Daniel Nilsson, Lund Univ, Sweden Rosaria Ono, Univ of Sao Paulo, Brazil Amanda Robbins, Sereca Fire Consulting, Canada Ai Sekizawa, Tokyo Univ of Science, Japan Jim Shields, Univ of Ulster, UK Tomonori Sano, Waseda Univ, Japan Ian Thomas, Victoria Univ of Technology, Austra lia
千万别随口乱讲西方人不善于反思。读读这篇文章就会明白，欧美不光科技创造能力很强，人家的反思深度和水准，也不是中国学界和大众读物能够相提并论的。 The Myth of Human Progress By Chris Hedges Clive Hamilton in his “Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth About Climate Change” describes a dark relief that comes from accepting that “catastrophic climate change is virtually certain.” This obliteration of “false hopes,” he says, requires an intellectual knowledge and an emotional knowledge. The first is attainable. The second, because it means that those we love, including our children, are almost certainly doomed to insecurity, misery and suffering within a few decades, if not a few years, is much harder to acquire. To emotionally accept impending disaster, to attain the gut-level understanding that the power elite will not respond rationally to the devastation of the ecosystem, is as difficult to accept as our own mortality. The most daunting existential struggle of our time is to ingest this awful truth—intellectually and emotionally—and continue to resist the forces that are destroying us. The human species, led by white Europeans and Euro-Americans, has been on a 500-year-long planetwide rampage of conquering, plundering, looting, exploiting and polluting the Earth—as well as killing the indigenous communities that stood in the way. But the game is up. The technical and scientific forces that created a life of unparalleled luxury—as well as unrivaled military and economic power—for the industrial elites are the forces that now doom us. The mania for ceaseless economic expansion and exploitation has become a curse, a death sentence. But even as our economic and environmental systems unravel, after the hottest year in the contiguous 48 states since record keeping began 107 years ago, we lack the emotional and intellectual creativity to shut down the engine of global capitalism. We have bound ourselves to a doomsday machine that grinds forward, as the draft report of the National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee illustrates. Complex civilizations have a bad habit of destroying themselves. Anthropologists including Joseph Tainter in “The Collapse of Complex Societies,” Charles L. Redman in “Human Impact on Ancient Environments” and Ronald Wright in “A Short History of Progress” have laid out the familiar patterns that lead to systems breakdown. The difference this time is that when we go down the whole planet will go with us. There will, with this final collapse, be no new lands left to exploit, no new civilizations to conquer, no new peoples to subjugate. The long struggle between the human species and the Earth will conclude with the remnants of the human species learning a painful lesson about unrestrained greed and self-worship. “There is a pattern in the past of civilization after civilization wearing out its welcome from nature, overexploiting its environment, overexpanding, overpopulating,” Wright said when I reached him by phone at his home in British Columbia, Canada. “They tend to collapse quite soon after they reach their period of greatest magnificence and prosperity. That pattern holds good for a lot of societies, among them the Romans, the ancient Maya and the Sumerians of what is now southern Iraq. There are many other examples, including smaller-scale societies such as Easter Island. The very things that cause societies to prosper in the short run, especially new ways to exploit the environment such as the invention of irrigation, lead to disaster in the long run because of unforeseen complications. This is what I called in ‘A Short History of Progress’ the ‘progress trap.’ We have set in motion an industrial machine of such complexity and such dependence on expansion that we do not know how to make do with less or move to a steady state in terms of our demands on nature. We have failed to control human numbers. They have tripled in my lifetime. And the problem is made much worse by the widening gap between rich and poor, the upward concentration of wealth, which ensures there can never be enough to go around. The number of people in dire poverty today—about 2 billion—is greater than the world’s entire population in the early 1900s. That’s not progress.” “If we continue to refuse to deal with things in an orderly and rational way, we will head into some sort of major catastrophe, sooner or later,” he said. “If we are lucky it will be big enough to wake us up worldwide but not big enough to wipe us out. That is the best we can hope for. We must transcend our evolutionary history. We’re Ice Age hunters with a shave and a suit. We are not good long-term thinkers. We would much rather gorge ourselves on dead mammoths by driving a herd over a cliff than figure out how to conserve the herd so it can feed us and our children forever. That is the transition our civilization has to make. And we’re not doing that.” Wright, who in his dystopian novel “A Scientific Romance” paints a picture of a future world devastated by human stupidity, cites “entrenched political and economic interests” and a failure of the human imagination as the two biggest impediments to radical change. And all of us who use fossil fuels, who sustain ourselves through the formal economy, he says, are at fault. Modern capitalist societies, Wright argues in his book “What Is America?: A Short History of the New World Order,” derive from European invaders’ plundering of the indigenous cultures in the Americas from the 16th to the 19th centuries, coupled with the use of African slaves as a workforce to replace the natives. The numbers of those natives fell by more than 90 percent because of smallpox and other plagues they hadn’t had before. The Spaniards did not conquer any of the major societies until smallpox had crippled them; in fact the Aztecs beat them the first time around. If Europe had not been able to seize the gold of the Aztec and Inca civilizations, if it had not been able to occupy the land and adopt highly productive New World crops for use on European farms, the growth of industrial society in Europe would have been much slower. Karl Marx and Adam Smith both pointed to the influx of wealth from the Americas as having made possible the Industrial Revolution and the start of modern capitalism. It was the rape of the Americas, Wright points out, that triggered the orgy of European expansion. The Industrial Revolution also equipped the Europeans with technologically advanced weapons systems, making further subjugation, plundering and expansion possible. “The experience of a relatively easy 500 years of expansion and colonization, the constant taking over of new lands, led to the modern capitalist myth that you can expand forever,” Wright said. “It is an absurd myth. We live on this planet. We can’t leave it and go somewhere else. We have to bring our economies and demands on nature within natural limits, but we have had a 500-year run where Europeans, Euro-Americans and other colonists have overrun the world and taken it over. This 500-year run made it not only seem easy but normal. We believe things will always get bigger and better. We have to understand that this long period of expansion and prosperity was an anomaly. It has rarely happened in history and will never happen again. We have to readjust our entire civilization to live in a finite world. But we are not doing it, because we are carrying far too much baggage, too many mythical versions of deliberately distorted history and a deeply ingrained feeling that what being modern is all about is having more. This is what anthropologists call an ideological pathology, a self-destructive belief that causes societies to crash and burn. These societies go on doing things that are really stupid because they can’t change their way of thinking. And that is where we are.” And as the collapse becomes palpable, if human history is any guide, we like past societies in distress will retreat into what anthropologists call “crisis cults.” The powerlessness we will feel in the face of ecological and economic chaos will unleash further collective delusions, such as fundamentalist belief in a god or gods who will come back to earth and save us. “Societies in collapse often fall prey to the belief that if certain rituals are performed all the bad stuff will go away,” Wright said. “There are many examples of that throughout history. In the past these crisis cults took hold among people who had been colonized, attacked and slaughtered by outsiders, who had lost control of their lives. They see in these rituals the ability to bring back the past world, which they look at as a kind of paradise. They seek to return to the way things were. Crisis cults spread rapidly among Native American societies in the 19th century, when the buffalo and the Indians were being slaughtered by repeating rifles and finally machine guns. People came to believe, as happened in the Ghost Dance, that if they did the right things the modern world that was intolerable—the barbed wire, the railways, the white man, the machine gun—would disappear.” Advertisement “We all have the same, basic psychological hard wiring,” Wright said. “It makes us quite bad at long-range planning and leads us to cling to irrational delusions when faced with a serious threat. Look at the extreme right’s belief that if government got out of the way, the lost paradise of the 1950s would return. Look at the way we are letting oil and gas exploration rip when we know that expanding the carbon economy is suicidal for our children and grandchildren. The results can already be felt. When it gets to the point where large parts of the Earth experience crop failure at the same time then we will have mass starvation and a breakdown in order. That is what lies ahead if we do not deal with climate change.” “If we fail in this great experiment, this experiment of apes becoming intelligent enough to take charge of their own destiny, nature will shrug and say it was fun for a while to let the apes run the laboratory, but in the end it was a bad idea,” Wright said. 来源： http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/the_myth_of_human_progress_20130113/
A research group from Canada has built a system to execute large-scale neural networks, which simulates some functions of human brains. Project homepage: http://nengo.ca/ publication on Science: A large - scale model of the functioning brain
这期的Science 专门介绍了 Human Microbiome （或Human Microbiota，可以理解为人体微生物群）领域的最新进展。期刊自己的介绍见 这里 。我个人比较想读的是两篇综述，一篇是 Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions ，另一篇是The Application of Ecological Theory Toward an Understanding of the Human Microbiome 。 （6月12日补记：刚刚得知上海交大的赵立平老师在这个领域也相当活跃，并且做出了很有意思的研究。感兴趣的读者请移步 赵老师的博客 。 ） （6月13日补记：Nature最新一期也出了Human Microbiota专论。详情请见 本期页面 下的四篇Open access的文章。） 其中后面一篇的作者们（通讯作者为 David A. Relman ）早在2007年就在Nature发文（ An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease ），强调生态学与进化生物学规律在这个研究领域的用武之地。其主要思想就在于，可以把人体看作是一个生态系统，里面充满了由各种微生物组成的种群、群落，并且不同微生物以及它们与人体之间存在着竞争、合作等多种多样的关系。而生态学恰好就是研究这些关系以及种群、群落的动态规律的。生态学专业的学生如果感兴趣的话，也许这对你们来说是一条新出路。 当然，我个人认为，今天的生态学与进化生物学还不够“硬”，往大处说，还不足以给其他学科领域提供坚实的理论指导。但在某些小的研究方向，还是很有希望的。再说，学科的理论往往是在具体的实例研究中渐渐完善起来的，所以也不用强求它们在一开始就非常完美。读一下Relman小组的系列文章，也许你会有所收获。 另外，2007年的那期Nature也是关于这一研究领域的专论，见 这里 。其中 Jeffrey I. Gordon 小组的作者们提出了 Human Microbiome Project 这一概念。他们在这一期Science的专论中也占据了一席之地。
I heard about this book on NPR yesterday, and decided to google it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farm Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to and during the Stalin era before World War II . Orwell, a democratic socialist , was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism , especially after his experiences with the NKVD , and what he saw of the results of the influence of Communist policy ("ceaseless arrests, censored newspapers, prowling hordes of armed police" – "Communism is now a counter-revolutionary force"), during the Spanish Civil War . In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as his novel " contre Stalin ". The original title was Animal Farm: A Fairy Story , but the subtitle was dropped by the US publishers for its 1946 publication and subsequently all but one of the translations during Orwell's lifetime omitted the addition. Other variations in the title include: A Satire and A Contemporary Satire . Orwell suggested for the French translation the title Union des républiques socialistes animales , recalling the French name of the Soviet Union , Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques , and which abbreviates URSA, which is the Latin for "bear", a symbol of Russia . Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005); it also places at number 31 on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels . It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is also included in the Great Books of the Western World . The novel addresses not only the corruption of the revolution by its leaders but also how wickedness, indifference, ignorance, greed and myopia corrupt the revolution. While this novel portrays corrupt leadership as the flaw in revolution (and not the act of revolution itself), it also shows how potential ignorance and indifference to problems within a revolution could allow horrors to happen if a smooth transition to a people's government is not achieved. Plot summary Old Major , the old boar on the Manor Farm, calls the animals on the farm for a meeting, where he compares the humans to parasites and teaches the animals a revolutionary song, ' Beasts of England '. When Major dies three days later, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon , assume command and turn his dream into a philosophy . The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible Mr Jones from the farm, renaming it "Animal Farm". The Seven Commandments of Animalism are written on the wall of a barn. The most important is the seventh, "All animals are equal ". All the animals work, but the workhorse , Boxer , does more than others and adopts the maxim : "I will work harder". Snowball attempts to teach the animals reading and writing; food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs elevate themselves to positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their personal health. Napoleon takes the pups from the farm dogs and trains them privately. When Mr Jones tries to retake the farm, the animals defeat him at what they call the "Battle of the Cowshed". Napoleon and Snowball struggle for leadership. When Snowball announces his idea for a windmill , Napoleon opposes it. Snowball makes a speech in favour of the windmill, at which point Napoleon has his dogs chase Snowball away. In Snowball's absence, Napoleon declares himself leader and makes changes. Meetings will no longer be held; instead, a committee of pigs will run the farm. Using a young pig named Squealer as a "mouthpiece", Napoleon announces that Snowball stole the idea for the windmill from him. The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. After a violent storm, the animals find the windmill annihilated. Napoleon and Squealer convince the animals that Snowball destroyed the windmill, although the scorn of the neighbouring farmers suggests that the windmill's walls were too thin. Once Snowball becomes a scapegoat , Napoleon begins purging the farm, killing animals he accuses of consorting with Snowball. Meanwhile, Boxer takes up a second maxim : "Napoleon is always right". Napoleon abuses his powers, making life harder for the animals; the pigs impose more control while reserving privileges for themselves. The pigs rewrite history, villainising Snowball and glorifying Napoleon. Squealer justifies every statement Napoleon makes, even the pigs' alteration of the Seven Commandments of Animalism. "No animal shall sleep in beds" is changed to "No animal shall sleep in beds with sheets " when the pigs are discovered to have been sleeping in the old farmhouse. "No animal shall drink alcohol" is changed to "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess " when the pigs discover the farmer's whisky. 'Beasts of England' is banned as inappropriate, as according to Napoleon the dream of Animal Farm has been realised. It is replaced by an anthem glorifying Napoleon, who appears to be adopting the lifestyle of a man. The animals, though cold, starving and overworked, remain convinced that they are better off than they were when under Mr Jones. Squealer abuses the animals' poor memories and invents numbers to show their improvement. Mr Frederick , one of the neighbouring farmers, swindles Napoleon by buying old wood with forged money, and then attacks the farm, using blasting powder to blow up the restored windmill. Though the animals win the battle, they do so at great cost , as many, including Boxer, are wounded. Despite his injuries, Boxer continues working harder and harder, until he collapses while working on the windmill. Napoleon sends for a van to take Boxer to the veterinary surgeon's, explaining that better care can be given there. Benjamin the donkey, who "could read as well as any pig", notices that the van belongs to "Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler", and attempts to mount a rescue; but the animals' attempts are futile. Squealer reports that the van was purchased by the hospital and the writing from the previous owner had not been repainted. He recounts a tale of Boxer's death in the hands of the best medical care. Shortly after Boxer's death, it is revealed that the pigs have purchased more whiskey. Years pass, and the pigs learn to walk upright, carry whips and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are reduced to a single phrase: "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others". Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs and the humans of the area, who congratulate Napoleon on having the hardest-working animals in the country on the least feed. Napoleon announces an alliance with the humans, against the labouring classes of both "worlds". He abolishes practices and traditions related to the Revolution, and changes the name of the farm to "The Manor Farm". The animals, overhearing the conversation, notice that the faces of the pigs have begun changing. During a poker match, an argument breaks out between Napoleon and Mr Pilkington when they both play the Ace of Spades , and the animals realise that the faces of the pigs look like the faces of humans and no one can tell the difference between them.
Equation 1 Human = eat + sleep + work + enjoy Donkey = eat + sleep Therefore: Human = Donkey + Work + enjoy Therefore: Human-enjoy = Donkey + Work In other words, A Human that doesn't know how to enjoy = Donkey that works. ++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ ++ ++ Equation 2 Man = eat + sleep + earn money Donkey = eat + sleep Therefore: Man = Donkey + earn money Therefore: Man-earn money = Donkey In other words Man who doesn't earn money = Donkey ++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ + Equation 3 Woman= eat + sleep + spend Donkey = eat + sleep Therefore: Woman = Donkey + spend Woman - spend = Donkey In other words, Woman who doesn't spend = Donkey ++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ + To Conclude: From Equation 2 and Equation 3 Man who doesn't earn money = Woman who doesn't spend So Man earns money not to let woman become a donkey! And a woman spends not to let the man become a donkey! So, We have: Man + Woman = Donkey + earn money + Donkey + Spend money Therefore from postulates 1 and 2, we can conclude Man + Woman = 2 Donkeys that live happily together!
Dr. Flint是我的博士导师，关于申请有什么问题可以和我联系。 Graduate (PhD) Research Assistantships Available in Human Dimensions of Natural Resources University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dept. of Natural Resources Environmental Sciences Applications are being considered for Ph.D. students to join Dr. Courtney Flint’s Community Natural Resources Lab beginning summer or fall 2012. Our current research examines interactions of values, knowledge, and conservation actions at multiple scales across multiple contexts by a variety of practitioners. Our research incorporates qualitative, quantitative, and spatial analytical methods. Current projects include: · Human dimensions of biodiversity and natural area conservation in the US · Comparative human-nature relationships and landscape sustainability in the US and Europe · Water quality perspectives and conservation practices in agricultural watersheds in Illinois · International human dimensions of coastal hazard mitigation Inquiries from interested applicants with a social science background may be sent to Dr. Flint at cflint@illinois.edu . More information can be found at http://communitynatres.nres.illinois.edu and about the NRES department at http://nres.illinois.edu .
http://scienceblog.com/ Face-to-face with an ancient human Record-Breaking Photo Reveals a Planet-sized Object as Cool as the Earth Test Combination Helps Predict Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Estrogen Works in the Brain to Keep Weight in Check Gratitude as an Antidote to Aggression
Today is Friday. I was told this morning that the number of people on campus seemed low. There is a good reason for this, because the coming Monday is a federal holiday and some students decided to take an extra day off by not coming to school today. When I went to my class at noon, I clearly sensed the drop in attendance. So, I decided to use instructor's secret weapon, namely, giving a quiz at the end of the class to find out who didn't come to class. But, I had something else on my mind. I only asked one simple question: Why do we care about El Nino? Explain from the view point of fisheries, in one word, two words, or one sentence. (Note: Today's lecture is on fisheries.) More specifically, I said this is NOT about El Nino and climate change, which we learned earlier (in the semester). The answer key has two words: Peruvian anchoveta. Only one student wrote down the same two words as I did for the key. One student wrote down three sentences, including the last one on climate change. Another student started his three sentences with climate change, and ended with "Also, it affect(s) anchovies." What have I learned from these quiz results? How different human brains work!
Recently I have read a news on the Internet reporting there is a kind of jellyfish that is able to rejuvenate when they are adults. Quite a few people commented on it that how wonderful if I could be immortal just like the deathless jellyfish. Someone even suggests scientists should find answers to the question why the jellyfish is undying. Instead of focusing on whether and how lives, including human beings can be imperishable, I am interested in asking what it would be like if human beings were deathless. Of course there are numerous benefits if people were deathless. It would save plenty of time to bring up the next generation. It would raise the productivity unprecedentedly. And it would extremely speed up the development of human society and mankind itself. What’s more, without fear of death, humans think they will live the happiest life in the planet. But can people really live the happiest life if the dream of immortality comes true? If human beings were deathless, population would explode and the circumstance of no standing room could become real. If human beings were deathless, it would be a sweet dream for humans and a nightmare for other organisms especially other animals. And then without sufficient food, the legend of cannibalism would come true. If human beings were deathless, it would widen the gap between the rich and the poor, the weak and the strong. Then part of the population, even the majority could die for their poorness or weakness instead of for physiology. Eventually the supreme, ultimate unfairness would ruin the world. If human beings were deathless, maybe all the above would not be the worst. Cupidity, subjugation and dictatorship would suffuse the earth. The familial affection, friendship and love among people would vanish into thin air. Without emotions, especially love, even though humans can live, exactly exist forever like rocks, is it meaningful?
Life lessons from big cats Beverly Dereek Joubert The video url: http://www.ted.com/talks/beverly_dereck_joubert_life_lessons_from_big_cats.html Leopard, lion, tiger and cheetah, they are four kinds of big cats on our planet. Leopard, lion, tiger, cheetah, hyena, baboon and elephant, as we know, thousands of predation happens everyday, and lives always there are, and they become more and more adapt to their world. But because of our human beings, things have changed, it becomes a war between human and the nature, no exception even for the hills and rivers. Many of them extinguished. Leaving only their bones, furs and pictures. As follows are the words said by this couple. Many people believe, in fact, the death begins in the eyes, not in the heart, not in the lungs, and thats when people give up hope, or when any life form gives up hope, so just when you think its over, something else happens, some spark gets into you. We have to be open all the times. But thats , I think, what this is all about, is that these individuals have these personalities and characters, but for us to get them, not only do we push ourselves, but we live in certain rules of engagement, which mean we cant interfere. This sort of behavior has been going on for three, four, five million years, and we cant step in and say, thats wrong, and thats right. But thats not always easy for us. We need it, we respect and celebrate each other as a man and a woman as a community and as part of this planet, and we need 2 continue that.
Before you read this Blog , I have a short story to share with you. One day many months ago, a colleague asked me how I was going to make a living in a few years when MACHINE will be translating, say English into Chinese, or vice verse. I didn't know how to answer his question, and became worried (because I was planning to be a full-time freelance English editor). So, I went home and did my homework, by asking the machine to translate a page for me online. Guess what happened? This is what a machine can do for us, in terms of translation. Enjoy 百科名片 Wikipedia card 临床营养学是关于食物中营养素的性质，分布，代谢作用以及食物摄入不足的后果的一门科学。 Journal of Clinical Nutrition is about the nature of nutrients in food, distribution, metabolism and food intake in the consequences of a science. 临床营养学中的营养素是指食物中能被吸收及用于增进健康的化学物。 In Clinical Nutrition is the food nutrients can be absorbed and used to improve the health of the chemicals. 某些营养素是必需的，因为它们不能被机体合成，因此必须从食物中获得。 Certain nutrients are necessary because they can not synthesized by the body and therefore must obtain from food. 对患者来说，合理平衡的营养饮食极为重要。 For patients, a reasonable balance diet is extremely important. 医食同源，药食同根，表明营养饮食和药物对于治疗疾病有异曲同工之处。 Medical and Edible food and medicine from the same root, that diet and medication for the treatment of diseases would be similar. 合理的营养饮食可提高机体预防疾病、抗手术和麻醉的能力。 A reasonable diet can improve the body to prevent disease, the ability of anti-surgery and anesthesia.
学坛杂俎（6 ）：A Short Review for a Piece of Blog News 杨文祥 I don't think it's a good thing to back up people's brain and its memories though the rapid progress of technology could offer this possibility. For in that way, we will be not able to protect our privacy and individuality effectively on which our dignity based. __________ Writing Date: 2010-11-19 Reference: 1. Humans able to back up their brain and its memories within two decades, claims top scientist http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=376695
Human brain has more switches than all computers on Earth http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-20023112-247.html?part=rsssubj=newstag=2547-1_3-0-20 Human brain has more switches than all
Thanks 「 Google.com. hk 」 for supporting Human equality! http://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=zh-CNsource=hpq=electronegativityaq=0aqi=g10aql=oq=electroneggs_rfai=CTVPW7P3ZTNrrHoWaiwPr7u2LCwAAAKoEBU_QOA 1M
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v467/n7319/full/nature09534.html#/affil-auth A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium Affiliations Contributions Corresponding author Journal name: Nature Volume: 467 , Pages: 10611073 Date published: (28 October 2010) DOI: doi:10.1038/nature09534 Received 20 July 2010 Accepted 30 September 2010 Published online 27 October 2010 Abstract Abstract Introduction Data generation, alignment and variant discovery Power to detect variants Genotype accuracy Putative functional variants Application to association studies Mutation, recombination and natural selection Discussion Methods References Acknowledgements Author information Supplementary information Comments Article tools 日本語要約 Print Email Download PDF Download citation Order reprints Rights and permissions Share/bookmark Connotea Cite U Like Facebook Twitter Delicious Digg The 1000 Genomes Project aims to provide a deep characterization of human genome sequence variation as a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Here we present results of the pilot phase of the project, designed to develop and compare different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms. We undertook three projects: low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 179 individuals from four populations; high-coverage sequencing of two motherfatherchild trios; and exon-targeted sequencing of 697 individuals from seven populations. We describe the location, allele frequency and local haplotype structure of approximately 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million short insertions and deletions, and 20,000 structural variants, most of which were previously undescribed. We show that, because we have catalogued the vast majority of common variation, over 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual are present in this data set. On average, each person is found to carry approximately 250 to 300 loss-of-function variants in annotated genes and 50 to 100 variants previously implicated in inherited disorders. We demonstrate how these results can be used to inform association and functional studies. From the two trios, we directly estimate the rate of de novo germline base substitution mutations to be approximately 10 8 per base pair per generation. We explore the data with regard to signatures of natural selection, and identify a marked reduction of genetic variation in the neighbourhood of genes, due to selection at linked sites. These methods and public data will support the next phase of human genetic research. Subject terms: Genetics Genomics
The seeker optimization algorithm is renamed as human group optimization (HGO), As a swarm intelligenc algorithm, HGO mimics human group behaviors, especially the searching/foraging behaviors to solve optimization problems. However, we stillhave many things to do about human group searching/foraging behaviors beyond the seeker optimization algorithm. 基于现有类似群体智能算法的取名规律，如蚁群优化、粒子群优化、蜂群优化、菌落群优化、鱼群优化等，根据 http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=366669 中各位老师的建议，原搜寻者优化(seeker optimization algorithm,见 http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=292900 )因为模拟人类(人群)搜索/觅食行为，已更名为人群优化(human group optimization, HGO)。当然不只是改名了事，我们正在进一步研究人群的搜索/觅食行为。 恳求您的指导！
Geography consists of at least two different sub-fields of knowledge with similar methodology: Physical geography and human geography . The following table also helps to make the differences between these two types of geography more apparent. This table describes some of the phenomena or elements studied by each of these sub-fields of knowledge. Knowing what kinds of things are studied by geographers provides us with a better understanding of the differences between physical and human geography. 地理学由自然地理学和人文地理学两个知识领域组成 , 二者采用的研究方法相似。表 1 可以帮助大家更清楚地了解这两种地理学之间的区别。此表描述了自然地理学和人文地理学两个领域的一些现象或者研究要素。明白地理学家所要研究的对象，会让我们更好地了解自然地理学和人文地理学两者之间的差异。 Table 1 : Some of the phenomena studied in physical and human geography. 表 1 ：自然地理学和人文地理学研究的一些现象 Physical Geography 自然地理学 Human Geography 人文地理学 Rocks and Minerals 岩石和矿物质 Population 人口 Landforms 地貌 Settlements 聚落 Soils 土壤 Economic Activities 经济活动 Animals 动物 Transportation 运输 Plants 植物 Recreational Activities 娱乐活动 Water 水 Religion 宗教 Atmosphere 大气 Political Systems 政治体制 Rivers and Other Water Bodies 河流和其它水体 Social Traditions 社会传统 Environment 环境 Human Migration 人类迁徙 Climate and Weather 气候和天气 Agricultural Systems 农业系统 Oceans 海洋 Urban Systems 城市系统 Geography is also a discipline that integrates a wide variety of subject matter. Almost any area of human knowledge can be examined from a spatial perspective. Figure 1 describes some of the main subdisciplines within human and physical geography. Physical geography's primary subdisplines study the Earth's atmosphere ( meteorology and climatology ), animal and plant life ( biogeography ), physical landscape ( geomorphology ), soils ( pedology ), and waters ( hydrology ). Some of the dominant areas of study in human geography include: human society and culture ( social and cultural geography ), behavior ( behavioral geography ), economics ( economic geography ), politics ( political geography ), and urban systems ( urban geography ). 地理学是一门融合了一系列广泛主题的学科。人类的所有知识领域几乎都可以从空间层面加以剖析。图 1 描述了自然地理学和人文地理学的一些主要分支学科。自然地理学的主要分支学科分别研究地球的大气（气象学和气候学）、土壤（土壤学）、水体（水文学）。人文地理学的一些主要领域包括：人类社会和文化（社会文化地理学）、行为（行为地理学）、经济学（经济地理学）、政治（政治地理学）以及城市系统（城市地理学）。 The graphic model in Figure 1 indicates that the study of geography can also involve a holistic synthesis. Holistic synthesis connects knowledge from a variety of academic fields in both human and physical geography. For example, the study of the enhancement of the Earth's greenhouse effect and the resulting global warming requires a multidisciplinary approach for complete understanding. The fields of climatology and meteorology are required to understand the physical effects of adding addition greenhouse gases to the atmosphere's radiation balance. The field of economic geography provides information on how various forms of human economic activity contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases through fossil fuel burning and land-use change. Combining the knowledge of both of these academic areas gives us a more comprehensive understanding of why this serious environmental problem occurs. 图 1 表明，地理学研究还涉及整体的合成，即将人文地理学和自然地理学中各学术领域的知识相互串联起来。例如，研究地球温室效应的增强和温室效应所导致的全球变暖时，需要通过多学科的方法进行全面的了解。通过气候学和气象学，我们了解到温室气体的额外增加对大气辐照平衡的物理效应；经济地理学提供了各种形式的人类经济活动在燃烧化石燃料和土地利用变化方面对温室气体排放的贡献信息。将这些学术领域的知识相结合，我们能够更全面地了解为什么会出现这样严重的环境问题。 The holistic nature of geography is both a strength and a weakness. Geography's strength comes from its ability to connect functional interrelationships that are not normally noticed in narrowly defined fields of knowledge. The most obvious weakness associated with the geographical approach is related to the fact that holistic understanding is often too simple and misses important details of cause and effect. 地理学的这种整体性既是其优势，也是其劣势。其优势是能够将在某一狭窄的知识领域中难以被发现的功能之间的相互关系串联起来，而采用地理学方法最为明显的劣势是这种整体的了解往往太过简单，常常会遗漏原因与结果之间的重要细节。
emerges imagination: Would promote ? By Yonghe Zhang for totalitarian countries people is a kind of political fanaticism, and for Westerners, on the other hand, is a political so-so, because politicsisaprocessbywhichgroupsofpeoplemakedecisions. For human society, the State is also a political group. Therefore we can say ? Because Marxism also proposed: the world proletariat unites to realize the communism: the average of material enjoyment, withering away of the States. 浮想: 可否提倡 ？ http://blog.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=269586
If you cannot watch it now, please save the link for future... http://www.flixxy.com/hubble-ultra-deep-field-3d.htm A Blog by 王元君 (发表于2009-7-15 18:23:39) has a few pictures from the above link, and his thoughts... http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=243699
Sometimes, I regretted immediately the quick remark I just made. Like a few days ago, I walked next to Prof. Dou and recounted what my college classmates thought about men’s height, an important consideration for a potential boyfriend in the late 1970s. I would not have said that if Prof. Dou were short, but I would not have said it either had I thought about how other people in our sightseeing group might feel. Such a slip happens to me from time to time, and now I know it’s my hidden brain that does it when I am not paying enough attention. A girlfriend of mine complained about verbal abuse by her husband, when he was tired and became impatient. He would later apologize to her: “I have no idea why I said what I said.” It’s hard for her to accept his explanation, but I told her she should. I also told her to read “The hidden Brain” by science writer Shankar Vedantam. In fact, I would recommend The hidden brain to anyone, just because it's good for us to understand why we sometimes say things that we regret (often immediately) and how to be more forgiving to other people's rude remarks or behaviors. It’s by no means a great book, and I don’t agree with everything in it. However, reading this book certain has helped to make me a happier person :) To learn more about this book, go to NPR’s How 'The Hidden Brain' Does The Thinking For Us
语言学与人类本质 language and human nature 正常人至少能说一种语言，而且大多数人对所说的语言都有比较好的认识。语言是什么东西？为人类所特有？对人类又有何贡献？语言学作为研究语言现象的学科，算不算科学？这样的话题，经常出现在与语言问题相关的场合。 一个多世纪以来，语言学家一直在尝试把语言学解释给其他对语言学话题感兴趣的人。有许多杰出的语言学家都曾撰书立说，介绍语言与语言学知识，目的在于教育外行人员或启迪临近学科的学者。这些书有些已成为经典，比如美国著名语言学家 William Dwight Whitney ，在 1875 年出版了专著 The life and growth of language: an outline of linguistic science( 《语言的生命与成长：语言科学简介》 ) 。随后有三位著名的以英语为母语的语言学家 Edward Sapir （ 1921 ）、 Otto Jespersen (1922) 与 Leonard Bloomfield (1933) 出版了同名书籍 Language( 《语言》 ) ，这些书成为研究语言的一代经典。美国当代著名语言学家 Noam Chomsky在1975年 出版了 Language and Mind( 《语言与心智》 ) ，另一著名学者 Steven Pinker于1995年 出版了 The language instinct （《语言本能》 ，该书曾数月保持为最畅销书之一）。这样的书，不一而足，举不胜举。 语言学家把自身所研究的语言看成一门科学，即专门研究语言的科学。这一观点，早在十九世纪就已经得到学者的认可。 Max Mueller 在 1869 年出版专著 The science of language （《语言的科学》），在该书第一章，作者就指出 the science of language one of the physical science( 语言科学物理学的分支学科 ) 。 语言，与人类其他活动一样，不属于真正的科学活动。语言学家把所研究的领域看成是一种科学，那是因为他们共同分享科学所共有的特征即具有明确的科学研究与调查目标，那就是语言。语言可以通过科学的手段进行客观科学的认知（或更准确地说进行跨学科理解）。一旦我们接受科学需要调查研究这样的观点，我们就可以说，研究任何事物，只要能通过科学手段进行理解与阐释，都可以说具有科学性。 在很大程度上，科学理解的可能性取决于研究目标的复杂性与规律性，物理学之所以如此成功，相对来说，是因为物理现象的高度规律性而非杂乱无章。相反，人文科学没有取得像物理学这样的成就，主要是因为人类行为非常复杂的，不像物理世界或生物界那样有规律。语言与人类行为的其他方面相比，也具有规律性，我们称之为语言规则制约性。正是语言及与语言相关行为的这种本质特征，使得我们在人类语言这一领域内取得了巨大进步。通过研究这种为人类所特有的语言，我们可以更好地了解人类，认识人类的本质。 We now know that the possibility of scientific understanding depends largely on the complexity and regularity of the object of study. Physics has been so successful because the physical world is, relatively speaking, highly regular and not terribly complex. Human sciences, by contrast, have been much less successful and much slower to produce results, largely because human behavior is so complex and not nearly so regular as is the physical or even the biological world. Language, though, contrasts with other aspects of human behavior precisely in its regularity, what has been called its rule-governed nature. It is precisely this property of language and language-related behavior that has allowed for fairly great progress in our understanding of this delimited area of human behavior. Furthermore, the fact that language is the defining property of humans, that it is shared across all human communities and is manifested in no other species, means that by learning about language we will inevitably also learn about human nature. Aronoff, M. Janie Rees-Miller. (eds.), 2001/2003. The handbook of linguistics. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
论文下载地址： http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/detail.aspx?filename=2009217480.nhdbname=CDFD2010 论文的主要创新点： 1. 利用正态云模型自适应确定交叉、变异概率，提出了一种新的云自适应遗传算法 (CAGA) 。传统遗传算法 ( GA) 采用固定的交叉、变异概率，没有充分考虑算法初期侧重 探索 、算法后期侧重 开发 的要求，易受早熟和收敛速度慢的困扰；现有自适应 GA(AGA) 都只考虑了进化过程交叉、变异概率的趋势性，而忽视了自然界进化过程交叉、变异概率本身的随机性，以至于虽然提高了算法收敛速度，但也容易使进化陷入局部极值的可能性增加。基于以上原因，本文提出了 CAGA 。由于云模型云滴的随机性和稳定倾向性特点，使得 CAGA 既具有传统 AGA 交叉、变异概率的趋势性，满足快速寻优能力；又具有随机性，提高了算法避免陷入局部极值的能力。典型函数优化和 TSP 应用验证了 CAGA 算法的有效性。 2. 利用正态云模型的 Y 条件云发生器和基本云发生器分别实现交叉、变异操作，提出了一种新的云进化算法 (CEA) 。现有 AGA( 包括 CAGA) ，只是调整了交叉、变异概率，但没有改变进化方向的不可控性 ( 无记忆性 ) ； CEA 克服了 GA 和 AGA 的 无记忆性 ，能够在当前解的邻域内实施 聚焦 搜索。 CEA 由于利用了正态云模型云滴的随机性和稳定倾向性特点，随机性可以保持种群多样性从而避免陷入局部极值；稳定倾向性又可以很好地保护较优个体并对全局最优值进行自适应定位，从而较大程度克服了 GA 局部搜索能力差和收敛速度慢的缺陷。典型函数优化和 FIR 数字滤波器设计验证了 CEA 算法的有效性。 3. 在研究和分析人类搜索行为的基础上，提出了一种新的搜寻者优化算法 (SOA) 。虽然 CEA 实现了模拟人的 聚焦 搜索行为，但是由于是通过云模型实现基于进化算法框架的交叉、变异操作，计算较为复杂，也难以直接、灵活地体现人的搜索行为。 SOA 基于经验梯度确定搜索方向、不确定性推理确定步长，具有智能性、鲁棒性、更好的收敛速度和全局搜索能力。并将拟牛顿法引入搜寻者优化算法中，提出了带局部搜索的搜寻者优化算法，提高了算法的局部搜索能力。 4. CAGA 和 CEA 是提出 SOA 过程中的前期工作，从中可以体现作者提出 SOA 的思考历程；同时 SOA 的性能也优于前面两种算法。因此，论文以 SOA 为研究重点，将 其 应用于 CEC05 的 benchmark 函数优化、神经网络训练、 IIR 数字滤波器优化设计、质子交换膜燃料电池优化建模以及电力系统无功优化等问题，为这些问题的求解提供了一种新的有效方法。通过与遗传算法(genetic algorithm)、粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization)、差分进化(d ifferential Evolution )等比较，仿真结果表明 SOA 是一种在全局搜索能力、收敛速度和计算复杂度等方面都具有很强竞争力的新算法 。 参考文献： 戴朝华，朱云芳，陈维荣. 云自适应遗传算法. 控制理论与应用, 2007, 24(4):646-650. (EI: 074110859673) Zhu Yunfang, Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, et al. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms based on cloud generators. Journal of Computational Information Systems, 2005, 1(4): 671-678. (EI: 063610101001 ) Chaohua Dai, Yunfang Zhu, and Weirong Chen. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms based on cloud model, In: Proc. of the 2006 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Chengdu, 2006, pp. 710-713. (ISTP: BFN39) 戴朝华. 云进化算法. 西南交通大学110周年校庆研究生学术论坛论文集, 2006. 戴朝华，朱云芳，陈维荣 . 云遗传算法及其应用 . 电子学报， 2007, 35(7): 1419-1424. (EI: 073510790218) 戴朝华，朱云芳，陈维荣. 云遗传算法. 西南交通大学学报，2006，41(6):729-732. (EI: 070610415221 ) Chaohua Dai, Yunfang Zhu, and Weirong Chen. Cloud-model-based genetic algorithm, Dynamics of Continuous Discrete and Impulsive Systems-Series B-Applications Algorithms, 13E: 1860-1864 Part 4 Suppl. S DEC 2006. (ISTP: 201OS) 戴朝华. 搜寻者优化算法及其应用研究 . 成都: 西南交通大学博士学位论文, 2009. Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, and Yunfang Zhu. Seeker optimization algorithm for digital IIR filter design,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , 2010, 57(5): 1710-1718. (SCI: 000276680000024 ; IF: 5.468) Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, Yunfang Zhu and Xuexia Zhang. Seeker optimization algorithm for optimal reactive power dispatch,IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(3):1218-1231. （ SCI:000268282600013; IF: 1.875,封面论文 ） Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, Yunfang Zhu and Xuexia Zhang. Reactive power dispatch considering voltage stability with seeker optimization algorithm,Electric Power System Research, 2009, 79(10), pp.1462-1471. (SCI:000268822800016; IF: 1.259 ) Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, Yonghua Song and Yunfang Zhu. Seeker optimization algorithm: A novel stochastic search algorithm for global numerical optimization, Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics , 2010, 21(2): 300-311 . （ SCI : 000277515800021 ） 戴朝华，陈维荣，朱云芳 等 . IIR 数字滤波器设计的搜寻者优化算法 . 西南交通大学学报 , 2009, 44(6): 871-876 . （ EI: 20100312640633 ） Chaohua Dai, Yunfang Zhu and Weirong Chen. Seeker optimization algorithm, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Y. Wang, Y. Cheung, and H. Liu (Eds.), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Revised selected paper from CIS 2006, pp. 167176, 2007. (EI: 080411055369 ) Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, Zhanli Cheng, et al. Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Global Optimization: a Case Study on Optimal Modelling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, accepted. (IF:1.613 ) Chaohua Dai, Weirong Chen, Yunfang Zhu, et al. Seeker optimization algorithm for tuning the structure and parameters of neural networks. Neurocomputing , acce pted. (IF: 1.44 ) 说明：群体智能(Swarm Intelligence, SI)包括人类智能(Human Intelligence)和非人类智能(如蚁群算法、粒子群算法等)，文中的搜寻者优化算法(seeker optimization algorithm)属于HI。注：这里的SI限指SI算法。
http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/8/222772.shtm 数字人不是真人，而是人体数据集，起源于1989年美国国立医学图书馆发起的可视人计划，是通过计算机技术，将人体结构数字化，在电脑屏幕上出现看得见的、能够调控的虚拟人体形态。其制作先选取一具尸体，将人体切成非常薄的片，利用数码相机和扫描仪对已切片的切面进行拍照、分析，将数据输入电脑，再由电脑合成三维的立体人类生理结构。 专访钟世镇：不要叫我数字人之父 表示研究方向已转到临床应用阶段 25日下午，84岁的钟世镇院士因其在解剖学、创伤救治、航天医学、数字人研究等多个领域的重要成就，被授予广东省科学技术突出贡献奖。 2003年初，我国首例女性数字人数据集在南方医科大学构建成功，中国成为继美国、韩国后，世界上第三个拥有本国数字人数据库的国家，中国数字人和数字医学的研究工作便是在钟世镇院士的一手倡导下开展起来的。他在我国数字人领域的地位毋庸置疑。但他却一再对数字人之父的头衔摆手千万不要这么叫我！在他眼里，数字人的研究已不再是当下的重点，而对于这一点，他没感到失落，却有欣慰。他说如果永远最辉煌，就是停滞不前了。 现在不讲数字人了。为什么说数字人不重要了？因为现在研究方向已经转到解决临床问题了。钟世镇介绍，如今数字人的研究成果已应用到临床实践，即当下热门的数字医学，比如现在的数字骨科手术：以往骨科医生诊病，只能看片子，现在可以直接拿着病人的骨头研究分析。医生通过对患者的CT图进行分析推测，再通过快速成形机，将患者骨髓一比一地制造出来，在正式手术前先模拟手术，从而提高手术的精度，实现了骨科手术的数字化。 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The Visible Human Project Overview The Visible Human Project is an outgrowth of the NLM's 1986 Long-Range Plan. It is the creation of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. Acquisition of transverse CT, MR and cryosection images of representative male and female cadavers has been completed. The male was sectioned at one millimeter intervals, the female at one-third of a millimeter intervals. The long-term goal of the Visible Human Project is to produce a system of knowledge structures that will transparently link visual knowledge forms to symbolic knowledge formats such as the names of body parts. 1989年美国国立医学图书馆发起的可视人计划 Background The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has seen an increasing use of electronic images for clinical medicine and biomedical research. The Visible Human Project was established in 1989 to build a digital image library of volumetric data representing complete, normal adult male and female anatomy. 博主：应该是1986年。 可视人
I think there is some relation between celestial bodies movement and human movement. Last night I watched the movie, Einstein and Eddington. It make me moved. The scientists don't feel any tired when they are doing research. They love their research. And also think that science is beyond the national differece, and politics. It also inspired me. I am doing some research about the social network.
I think there is some relation between celestial bodies movement and human movement. Last night I watched the movie, Einstein and Eddington. It make me moved. The scientists don't feel any tired when they are doing research. They love their research. And also think that science is beyond the national differece, and politics. It also inspired me. I am doing some research about computer social network. I want to explore something about it. I think every movement has their similarity. So what is the relation between celestial bodies movement and human movement?
标签: human
