The mathematic unification of special relativity and quantum mechanics based on chiral ity Yujian He 1,* , Shengchu Qi 2 ( 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Tel/Fax: 010-88256141, heyujian@ucas.ac.cn ) ( 2 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abstract: There is conflict problem between the special relativity and the quantum mechanics. It was here suggested that the mathematic unification of the special relativity and the quantum mechanics is able to be solved based on chiral ity. Keywords: chirality, space-time, relativity, quantum mechanics, mathematic unification More information in detail to click here: 基于手性对相对论与量子力学的统一.pdf
J. Am. Huilin Ins. 2012, 4, 1-23 Journal of American Huilin Institute ISSN 2160-438X http://www.amhuilin.com/journal/jahi Review A Spectroscopic Quantum Model 1. Effective Nuclear Charge 2. Effective Principal Quantum Number Yonghe Zhang American Huilin Institute, http://www.amhuilin.com , E-Mail: y.zhang.huilin@gmail.com Received: 2 February 2012; in revised form: 2 March 2012 / Accepted: 5 April 2012 FullText(SpQtmModel) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstracts ： Based on the Bohr quantum energy levels, a spectroscopic quantum model for easily calculating the effective nuclear charge Z* and the effective principal quantum number n* from the ionization energy I z of the all orbitals from 1s to nf is established: Z*=n*(I z /R) ½ No longer using the traditional rules for estimating artificially the shielding effects , the model successfully derived many important quantitative methods ， such as the IC-model, electronegativity, Lewis acid strengths, crosslink density and e ffective Polarizing Power, which can calculate and describe quantitatively chemical phenomena and the dual observations of the ionic and the covalent of bond, correlated with chemical theorems and regulations and predicted chemical processes and products. ___________________________________________________________
Guolin Wu This is the contents of " philosophy of quantum information " by Guolin Wu, China's Social Sciences Press, 2011. Contents Preface The suggestions to readers 1. The wave-function and quantum entanglement 1.1 The quantum state, the duality of wave-particle and classical particle 1.2 The wave-function and its meaning 1.3 The concept of quantum entanglement 1.4 The EPR correlation 2. What is quantum information? 2.1 The definition of classical information 2.2 The basic meaning of quantum information 2.3 The quantum no-cloning theorem 2.4 The disputation on quantum information 2.5 The relations between quantum and classical information 2.6 The essence of quantum information 3. The potential or present quantum reality 3.1 The game of “20 questions” and delayed-choice experiment 3.2 reality and its criterions The reality of wave-function, the contrast between the reality of wave-function and classical reality 3.3 The aspects of quantum reality 3.4 It from bit? 4. Quantum entanglement and identity 4.1 The Ghost image experiment 4.2 The process and analysis of quantum teleportation 4.3 The properties of quantum entanglement 4.4 True or false Sun Wukong 4.5 The philosophical identity 4.6 The identity in physics 4.7 The identity of quantum teleportation 5. The boundary of causation? 5.1 The speed of light and causation 5.2 Process and events: a new angle to see things 5.3 INUS model and Suppes’ model 5.4 Bunge’s event model and causational state-space model 5.5 Causational analysis of quantum teleportation 5.6 Some discussions 6. The encounter between quantum phenomena, quantum information and phenomenology 6.1 from phenomenology to post-phenomenology 6.2 The etymon meaning of phenomenon 6.3 The concept of phenomenon in phenomenology 6.4 The concept of quantum phenomenon 6.5 The contrast on the description of phenomena 6.6 The basic concepts of post-phenomenology 6.7 Quantum information and embodiment 6.8 Quantum information and variation 6.9 Quantum information from phenomenology 7. Quantum algorithm and quantum computation 7.1 Computational complexity and related concepts the parallel, entanglement, wholeness and some acceleration of quantum computation 7.2 The properties of quantum computation 7.3 The philosophical meaning of quantum computation the methodological meaning of quantum control 8. Symmetry, quantum information and interaction 8.1 Symmetry and interaction 8.2 The information concepts in the quantum level Bohm’s active information, information of black hole 8.3 There is possible new quantum interaction because of quantum information? Appendices: A.1 The symbol of Dirac, direct sum and direct product A.2 The GHZ theorem and its meaning References
专题讨论班：QUANTUM FINANCE: Path Integrals and Hamiltonians. 题目： QUANTUM FINANCE: Path Integrals and Hamiltonians for Options and Interest Rates 时间：2010.12.22 上午10:00 地点： 16 楼 308 Part I Fundamental concepts of ?nance 3.3 Stochastic differential equation （随机微分方程） 3.4 Ito calculus （ Ito 积分） 3.5 BlackScholes equation: hedged portfolio （ B-S 公式） 3.6 Stock price with stochastic volatility （随机波动率下的股票价格） 3.7 MertonGarman equation （ M-G 方程） 3.8 Summary 3.9 Appendix: Solution for stochastic volatility with = 0 Part II Systems with ?nite number of degrees of freedom （有限自由度系统） 4 Hamiltonians and stock options （哈密顿量和股票价格体系） 4.1 Essentials of quantum mechanics （量子力学概要） 4.2 State space: completeness equation （状态空间） 4.3 Operators: Hamiltonian （算符） 4.4 BlackScholes and MertonGarman Hamiltonians （ B-S 和 M-G 哈密顿量） 4.5 Pricing kernel for options （期权的定价核） 4.6 Eigen function solution of the pricing kernel 定价核的本征方程 4.7 Hamiltonian formulation of the martingale condition 鞅条件的哈密顿形式 4.8 Potentials in option pricing 4.9 Hamiltonian and barrier options 4.10 Summary 4.11 Appendix: Two-state quantum system (qubit) 4.12 Appendix: Hamiltonian in quantum mechanics 4.13 Appendix: Down-and-out barrier options pricing kernel 4.14 Appendix: Double-knock-out barrier options pricing kernel 4.15 Appendix: Schrodinger and BlackScholes equations 参考书： BELAL E. BAAQUIE, QUANTUM FINANCE: Path Integrals and Hamiltonians for Options and Interest Rates, Cambridge University Press, 2004
Authors:Rong-Zhen Liao a ,b , Jian-Guo Yu b , and Fahmi Himo a,1 a Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; and b College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China Proc. Natl. Acda. Sci. U.S.A. 2010 , 107, 22523-22527 . Abstract: Acetylene hydratase is a tungsten-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the nonredox hydration of acetylene to acetaldehyde. Density functional theory calculations are used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of this enzyme with a large model of the active site devised on the basis of the native X-ray crystal structure. Based on the calculations, we propose a new mechanism in which the acetylene substrate first displaces the W-coordinated water molecule, and then undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the water molecule assisted by an ionized Asp13 residue at the active site. This is followed by proton transfer from Asp13 to the newly formed vinyl anion intermediate. In the subsequent isomerization, Asp13 shuttles a proton from the hydroxyl group of the vinyl alcohol to the α-carbon. Asp13 is thus a key player in the mechanism, but also W is directly involved in the reaction by binding and activating acetylene and providing electrostatic stabilization to the transition states and intermediates. Several other mechanisms are also considered but the energetic barriers are found to be very high, ruling out these possibilities. Link: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1014060108 PS:乙炔的水合涉及到CC三键的活化，某些细菌生物体采用钨参与催化过程。目前发现只有三类酶采用钨离子催化反应，也就是乙炔水合酶、醛氧化酶、羧酸氧化酶。自从07年该酶的晶体结构发表后，我就开始寻找可行的反应机理，一直到09年下半年才有突破，期间尝试了至少10多中可能性。最终我们发现不能相信前人关于反应机理基本上所有的假说。简单来说如果有A和B两种情况，前人说A是不可能的，那么你千万不要相信，一定要自己尝试去证明它对还是不对，即使有人证明了，也得仔细看别人做的对不对，里面有哪些近似，这些近似可不可靠。新的发现往往就是你预想不到的，但是如果你真正明白了看起来就非常简单。
For CdTe, CdSe and CdS quantum dots, the molar concentrations can be calculated according to Peng et al. It is important to noted that there is a correction of this paper. It can be summarized as following steps: Step 1. Determine the particle size of QDs. 1.1 An optical method: 1.1.1 Measure the absorption spectrum of the QDs sample by a UV-vis spectroscopy. Write down the wavelength (nm) and the absorbance A(O.D. value) at the peak position of the first exciton absorption peak . 1.1.2 Determine the particle size D(nm) of the QDs sample by Figure 2 in Pengs paper. Or calculate the size using the fitting functions, as below, of the curves in Figure 2. CdTe: D = (9.812710 -7 ) 3 (1.714710 -3 ) 2 + 1.0064 194.84 CdSe: D = (1.612210 -9 ) 4 (2.657510 -6 ) 3 + (1.624210 -3 ) 2 0.4277 + 41.57 CdS: D = (-6.652110 -8 ) 3 + (1.955710 -4 ) 2 (9.235210 -2 ) + 13.29 1.2 Alternatively, we can measure the particle size D(nm) directly from a TEM image . Step 2. Determine the extinction coefficient of QDs. There are also two ways to calculate the extinction coefficient() in unit of L/(mol cm) or cm -1 M -1 of QDs: 2.1 Considering the transition energy ( E) CdTe: = 3450E(D) 2.4 CdSe: = 1600E(D) 3 CdS: = 5500E(D) 2.5 Here, the transition energy E is corresponding to the first absorption peak, in unit of eV. Relationship between E and : eE =h=hc/ where, e is charge of an electron, which is 1.6 10 -19 C; h is Planck constant, which is 6.626 10 -34 Js; c is light speed, which is 3 10 17 nm/s. So that E(eV) (nm)=1242(eV nm) The fitting functions above were according to the Brus and Wang et al. 2.2 Emporical function (without considering the transition energy) CdTe: = 10043(D) 2.12 CdSe: = 5857(D) 2.65 CdS: = 21536(D) 2.3 The difference between the results of these two groups of functions is small and neglectable, within the particle size rang of 4 to 7 nm for CdTe, 2.5 to 6 nm for CdSe, and 2 to 5.5 nm for CdS. Step 3. Determine the molar concentration of QDs. The relationship between the absorbance and molar concentration is called the Lambert-Beers Law , which is also known as the Beer-Lambert Law or the Beers Law . A = CL Where A is the absorbance , is extinction coefficient as mentioned above. C is the molar concentration (mol/L or M) of QDs, L is the path length(cm) of the radiation beam used for recording the absorption spectrum. PS: I thought up until now that A was proportionate to lg(L)!!! How silly I was! Till now, we got the values of the molar concentration of our QD samples. Congratulations! ******************************************************* BUT~~~~~~~ What about quantum dots other than CdTe, CdSe, CdS, e.g. PbS, or QDs with a core/shell structure, e.g. CdSe/ZnS? Actually the molar concentration of QDs samples can be figured out using standard atomic absorption (AA) measurement alone. PS: No guarantee for this method. Ive never tried it, since we don't have any AA spectrometer in our lab. Step 1. Determine the molar concentration of each metal element in the QDs sample by AA spectrometer. For example, we can determine the molar concentrations of Cd, Se, Zn and S in a CdSe/ZnS QDs solution sample by AA measurement. Let us say, = =1 mM, = =0.2 mM. Step2 . Calculate the total volume of QDs. We assume that the nano-scaled materials have the same density as the according bulk materials. We can find the densities and molar masses of the bulk materials. For example, Density of CdSe: 5.816 g/cm 3 ; Density of ZnS: 4.090 g/cm 3 ; Molar mass of CdSe: 191.37 g/mol; Molar mass of ZnS: 97.474 g/mol. So that 1 mM CdSe refers to CdSe per liter solution. Likewise, 0.2 mM ZnS refers to ZnS per liter solution. Therefore, the total volumn of QDs per liter is 0.033+0.0048 = 0.038 cm 3 . Step3 . Calculate the molar concentration of QDs. According to TEM or DSL(dynamic light scattering) measure, we can obtain the size of a single QD. Divide the total volume per liter of QDs, which obtained in Step 2, by the volume of a single QD, we get the molar concentration of QDs. Lets say the a single QD has a diameter of 4 nm. The volumn will be 0.03351 nm 3 , according to the formula for sphere volume 4/3R 3 . The Number of particles in one liter solution is Hence, the molar concentration of QDs solution is 1.8 M. ******************************************************* Remarks: 1. The results are acceptable, though there are some errors due to the estimations and assumptions we made during the calculations above. 2. The UV-vis method is simple and convenience. But it requires the extinction coefficients of the nano-materials, which are not known generally. So far, this method is limited to CdSe, CdTe and CdS QDs. 3. The AA method can be used for all kinds of nanoparticles in principle. However, AA spectrometer is not such common-used equipment as UV-vis spectrometer. References 1. Yu, W.W., et al., Experimental determination of the extinction coefficient of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS nanocrystals. Chemistry of Materials, 2003. 15 (14): p. 2854-2860. 2. Yu, W.W., et al., Experimental determination of the extinction coefficient of CdTe, CdSe and CdS nanocrystals (vol 15, pg 2854, 2003). Chemistry of Materials, 2004. 16 (3): p. 560-560. 3. Brus, L., Electronic Wave-Functions in Semiconductor Clusters - Experiment and Theory. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1986. 90 (12): p. 2555-2560. 4. Wang, Y. and N. Herron, Nanometer-Sized Semiconductor Clusters - Materials Synthesis, Quantum Size Effects, and Photophysical Properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1991. 95 (2): p. 525-532.
大观以及阵营 首先向朋友们（尤其是豆油们）表示 两下 我虚伪的歉意。第一下是因为我这套帖子有 太监 的嫌疑。这实在是因为最近断粮在即，忙于要饭和卖身。这第二下当然就是因为朋友们在读的这篇 江湖 了。一般来说，所谓点评江湖，不外乎两种。这第一种当然来自通晓各派把式的武学宗师。天下武学，五花八门，各有所专，各有所不能，互为借鉴，又互相克制，奇淫巧技，难以穷尽。但是在宗师们的心里，却是万流同宗，当然基本上是同到自己这一宗。但是不管怎样，能有这样的见识，都得参透各家内功心法，然后以俯仰天地的姿态顿悟出宇宙自然的本质。能听到这样的点评，当然是一种缘分，必须经常参与各界武林大会，追随宗师于花前月下。呵呵，最好带上小本儿，随时记录，不但能使武义精进，留着以后还能拍马屁，哈。这第二种点评就不那么体面了，地点也有些为名门正宗所不然，不过是街头巷尾，酒肆茶楼，甚至豆瓣博客之类。点评者更是小门小派旁门左道第一百代以外弟子中的大师兄之流。两碗黄汤下肚，口沫飞溅，宏伟激昂的指点并创造一些掌门与掌门夫人们及女弟子们之间的侠骨柔情，或者流传一些少侠名捕们自己也不知道的（但却默许的）江湖传闻。呵呵，这就是江湖。我之所以要抱歉，是因为这篇点评绝对没有可能属于第一种。但是朋友也不必过于失望，且先随我江湖一游再做评判。 不过等等，恐怕有的少侠手里拿着抛砖引玉的砖有话要说：物理学不过是科学汪洋当中的一个学科而已，而量子引力更是理论物理这一物理学分支众多领域中的一个。不过八卦一下量子引力，何以谈江湖？嗯呜呼呼哇哈哈哈哈（武林败类虚张声势状），少侠们先不忙替天行道，要饭的既然吃百家饭，自然有些见闻。数学和物理学这两门学科十分的特殊，数学家们更多的是为了数学而数学，不太关心江湖事务，而物理学家们却想把所有学科都变成物理学，从万千自然现象从宇宙演化到基本粒子的对称性，从恒星的朝生暮死到星系的波澜一生，从地质运动到气候变迁，从社会经济行为到人脑神经网络与自我意识，从高分子化学到生命现象，从信息论到复杂性，甚至黎曼猜想，等等等等当中提炼大统一的物理学原理一直是物理学家不灭的梦想。结果是这两门学科都对全部科学产生了基础性的贡献。这两门学科本身也相互促进相互依存，密不可分。非常粗略的说，数学（而不是哲学）实际上是一门关于如何思想以及如何讲话的科学，她告诉你如何使用她交给你的概念和公理当然还有一些包含大量定理及其使用说明的手册作为收费产品（就是数学书）进行思考，推理，讲话而不会产生前后矛盾的错误，从而使你的结论高度可信。而物理学则不断地追问不同现象不同学科的 共通本质 （大量学科在这种追问下割地请和，从而产生了像天体物理，地球物理，大气物理，经济物理，生物物理，物理化学等等等等这类学科） ， 从最少的原理推知最多（甚至全部的）的自然现象是物理学最终的目的。关于大自然的各个部分和各种功能的使用说明书越堆越多（这里还有个瞎搞的玩笑，人类知识膨胀的速度越来越快，已经超光速啦，呵呵，但是超光速是不能传递信息的，所以后来人类的知识里面已经没有什么信息了），物理学家们梦想着通读这些说明书，最后把所有的一切写在一张餐巾纸上。 呵呵，简言之，数学追求精纯内功的至上奥义（现在恐怕不少数学家坚信这奥义就藏在黎曼猜想当中）从而其内功心法流传于世，而物理学则计划一统江湖从而其武学思想亦流传于世。由此说来，谈江湖不能不谈物理。然而对于物理学家，想要追求所谓本质从我佛 A. Einstein 到一代教主 E. Witten ，从江湖名流 S. Weinberg ， S. Hawking 到隐世仙长 R. Penrose ，从所有人的老师 J. Wheeler 到 Emperor of math （这个外号来自于最近丘老的几篇工作）丘成桐，从菲尔兹桂冠的 A. Connes 到诺贝尔光环的 R. Laughlin ，从广大 String 教徒到凝聚态的激进派，甚至包括本文作者这样的虾米皮莫不想问鼎量子引力，炼成传说中的神功。呵呵哈哈哈，所以品谈量子引力，又怎能不是品谈江湖。 没想到说了这么多废话，呵呵，转入正题！ 话说量子引力门派繁多，加上人们创造力勃发，所以罗列殆尽实在是难以实现，我们只聊一聊那些受到一定关注，并且有固定的小组坚持做下去的流派。它们就是 String Theory （教主 E. Witten ）， Loop Quantum Gravity （三巨头 A. Ashtekar, C. Rovelli, T. Thiemann ） , Euclidean Path Integral （ by S. Hawking ） , Regge Calculus （ by T. Regge ，当代掌门 R. Williams ） , Spin Foam Models and Group Field Theory （ by C. Rovelli ） , Causal Dynamical Triangulations （ by J. Ambjrn ） , Causal Set Program （ by R. Sorkin ）， Twistor Theory （ by R. Penrose ） , Non-commutative Geometry （ by A. Connes ） , Topos Theory （ by C. Isham ） , Asymptotic Safety （ by S. Weinberg ） , Super Gravity, Stochastic Gravity （ by B.L. Hu ）。当然还有这些流派互相交叉产生的子流派（比如 Causal Spin foam ）和一些独行侠们创立的小门小户（比如 Deterministic Quantum Gravity, History Bracket Formulation 等等等等），以及最近逐渐引起人们注意的来自凝聚态阵营的 Emergent Gravity 。罗列堆砌到此为止。 一些朋友跟我说，一次不要写得太长，否则最后三分之一写的是些什么可能就没有人知道了。呵呵，作为本次话题的第一回，我还得先说明一下我准备怎么处理上面这一大坨人类创造力的产物。以后（包括本回的后三分之一点儿五强，求朋友们耐心看一看 ^_^ ）咱们先聊聊两大阵营，同时涉及一些 String 和 Loop 之间的恩恩怨怨。然后再逐一品谈上面这些流派的武学秘笈。 量子引力走到今天，可以说硕果累累，也可以说毫无结果，场面倒是百家争鸣，不过倒也是百无一用。呵呵，不管怎么说量子引力的这些学说，在彼此争鸣的同时，也充分发挥阶级斗争的思想，逐渐分化为两大阵营，那就是微扰阵营与非微扰阵营。当然目前才露尖尖角的另类 Emergent Gravity 有些搅局，不过当前这两大阵营还是十分强健的。 【微扰方案】这方面的顶峰当然是 String Theory ，还有已经没入 String Theory 被当作 M Theory 的一个侧面的 Super Gravity 。这一阵营的肇始可以一直追溯到上个世纪三十年代。那些曾经流行，仍然流行以及正在流行的物理学名词，比如引力子（ graviton ），额外维（ extra dimensions ），超对称（ SUSY ），膜世界（ brane world ），弦， Landscape 等等，都可追溯到这个历史悠久阵营当中。这一阵营的第一批有生力量来自于早期量子理论的优秀学者们，其后前仆后继的中流砥柱大都来自于量子场论和高能物理的中坚力量，一直到近代甚至当代，当场论出身的年轻人觉得手中的 particles 实在是有些过时了，依然会顺理成章的把它们升级为 strings ，并且同时把费曼的那些叉叉和圈圈换成一些像裤子一样的东东，呵呵。 这一阵营的最初的思想是十分自然和清晰的。不过咱们得从 1948 年说起。 1948 年对量子场论（ QFT ）而言可以说是一个分水岭，这一年之后 QFT 真正进入了伟大的时代。这一年 R. Feynman 和 J. Schwinger 在 Pocono 会议上分别作了具有里程碑意义的讲座。讲述的核心内容都是 QFT 的微扰技术。 Schwinger 不知疲倦的写下繁冗但却清晰的推导，而 Feynman 自得其乐的介绍他的（被波尔庭斥为不懂量子力学）路径积分和那些稀奇古怪的充满叉叉圈圈的图（当时他管这个方法叫 spacetime method ）并且还要赠送大家一些他自己发明的规则（就是后来的 Feynman rule ）。这里还有个小故事，很少记笔记的费米这次记下了一大摞关于 Schwinger 讲演的笔记。回到芝加哥之后，费米组织组内的两位也去参加了会议的教授 E. Teller 和 G. Wentzel 以及四位研究生（包括杨振宁）一起啃这摞笔记，六个星期过去了，这帮人筋疲力尽。结果有人问不是说 Feynman 也讲了一些东西吗，讲了些啥呀？结果这三位牛人一个也想不起来到底 Feynman 讲的是什么。呵呵，直到一年后 F. Dyson 才从 Schwinger 的方法中推导出 Feynman 的规则。 有了这些了不起的技术，伟大的计算就此开始了， Feynman 也实现了要让物理学期刊上画满叉叉与圈圈的抱负。很难预想，后来如此丰富的物理（见简单与优雅【 2 】）都是由这些叉叉圈圈告诉人们的。而所用到的基本物理构造（或者模型）又是如此的简单只不过是闵氏时空中的标量场（自旋 0 ），矢量场（自旋 1 ）和旋量场（自旋 1/2 ）。而其数学核心说到底更让人难以置信的淳朴仅仅是个 Gauss 积分。整套策略更是简明清晰，我们需要两件东西，一个是作为背景的闵氏时空（就是说我们需要狭义相对论，或者说需要庞加莱群，后来发现这个东西实在是很要命！），一个是时空上要被量子化的场，然后算出这个场的 Feynman 规则，然后，就完了。 人们制作所有的这些数学结构，物理模型，思维模式，推理技巧等等，就是为了以后碰到情况能够不动脑子。 我想当时大部分想要量子化引力场的学者，脑子里面最自然的计划就是使用这套现成的并且成就不凡的技术处理引力场。引力场是时空流形上的度规场 g ，是一个二阶张量场（自旋 2 ），这倒不要紧，小推广而已。但是我们需要一个闵氏背景也就是一个闵氏度规，和这个背景上的张量场。这个也好解决，不如我们把总度规 g 看作两部分，一部分是闵氏度规 ，另一部分是相对闵氏度规的偏离 h （另一个意义下的微扰）。这样一来闵氏时空有了，时空上的要被量子化的场也有了，就是 h 。然后就去计算 h 的 Feynman 规则， h 也是一个二阶张量场，这也是为什么说所谓引力子自旋为 2 。 这看起来确实挺好，实际上在上个世纪六十年代末，人们热情似火的已经把引力子的 Feynman 规则都算出来了。看来大功告成指日可待，而且量子引力这个时候看起来也不像什么深刻的东西，不过是一个体力活儿罢了。但是，也是在六十年代，另外一个伟大的思想正在慢慢成形那就是重整化群，物理学家们将面临新一轮的洗脑。重整化理论将给微扰阵营来上要命的一下。从而逼迫微扰理论走上了一条大胆的而无尽的探索之路。 不过本回又有些长了，感谢朋友们能读到这里，咱们下回分解
标签: quantum
