本文链接：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102ve0b.html 在令人震惊的新书《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》中，美国公共利益律师史蒂芬 · 德鲁克（ Steven Druker ）揭示了美国政府和主要科研机构如何系统地歪曲关于转基因生物的事实以及质疑其安全性的科学研究。 著名灵长类动物学家达米 · 珍妮 • 古黛尔（ Dame Jane Goodall ）撰写的前言将它称为 “ 毫无疑问 , 过去五十年里最重要的一本书之一 ” 。 这部专著是德鲁克超过十五年深入研究与调查的结果，他因为发起对美国食品和药物管理署（ FDA ）的诉讼，迫使 FDA 公布了他们关于转基因食品的档案。美国一位法律博士的评论令人深省： “ 作为纽约市前检察官，我震惊地发现 FDA 如何违法让转基因食品逃避联邦法规规定的严格测试要求。作为三个幼童的妈妈，了解到美国的儿童被无情暴露于 FDA 的专家自己都认为存在异常风险的实验性转基因食品时，我感到非常愤怒。 ” 美国资深计算机软件专家评论： “ 他从软件工程的角度审查基因工程的问题尤其深刻，揭示基因工程更像一个 ‘ 黑客 ’ ，而不是修改复杂信息系统的认真的、系统化的方法。 ” 【 评论：《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》对正在召开的“两会”无疑极具警钟意义！ 】 Jane Goodall and Steven Druker Expose US Government Fraud over GMOs 珍妮 • 古黛尔与斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克 揭露美国政府对转基因的欺诈 编译自《亚马逊网站》： http://www.amazon.com/Altered-Genes-Twisted-Truth-Systematically/dp/098561690 与《可持续脉搏网站》： http://sustainablepulse.com/2015/03/04/jane-goodall-steven-druker-expose-us-government-fraud-gmos/#.VPbXaPRAWk4 Posted on Mar 4 2015 - 11:41am by Sustainable Pulse 发布日期： 2015-03-04 转载《人民食物主权网》英文中文对照版： http://www.shiwuzq.com/food/knowledge/gm/20150307/1530.html 珍妮 · 古黛尔 撰写的前言： “ 过去 50 年最为重要的书之一 ” 书名：《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》 促进食品转基因的企业怎样颠覆科学、腐蚀政府与欺 骗公众 作者： 斯蒂芬 ·M· 德鲁克 新书《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》的封面 http://www.amazon.com/Altered-Genes-Twisted-Truth-Systematically/dp/0985616903 In an acclaimed new book, American public interest attorney Steven Druker reveals how the US government and leading scientific institutions have systematically misrepresented the facts about GMOs and the scientific research that casts doubt on their safety. 在令人震惊的新书《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》中，美国公共利益律师史蒂芬 · 德鲁克揭示了，美国政府和主要科研机构如何系统地歪曲关于转基因生物的事实以及质疑其安全性的科学研究。 斯蒂芬 ·M· 德鲁克， 公共利益律师，起诉美国食品药物管理署案发起者 The book, Altered Genes, Twisted Truth , features a foreword by the renowned primatologist Dame Jane Goodall, hailing it as “without doubt one of the most important books of the last 50 years”. 在为《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》（ Altered Genes, Twisted Truth ）撰写的前言中，著名灵长类动物学家达米 · 珍妮 • 古黛尔（ Dame Jane Goodall ）将它称为 “ 毫无疑问，过去五十年里最重要的一本书之一 ” 。 The book’s revelations come at a crucial time when the some European countries are considering the commercial planting of GM crops following the European Parliament’s decision to allow member states to opt out of the blockade that has barred them from the EU until now. 这本书在关键时刻揭露了真相：欧洲议会决定允许成员国自己选择是否商业化种植转基因作物以后，某些欧洲国家正在考虑转基因作物的商业化种植。 Based on the evidence presented in the book, Druker and Goodall will assert that it would be foolhardy to push forward with a technology that is unacceptably risky and should never have been allowed on the market in the first place. 基于这本书中提出的证据， 德鲁克与古德奥尔断言，继续推动转基因技术是愚蠢鲁莽的，因为它的 风险高得不可接受，而且本来就不应该被允许进入市场。 The book is the result of more than 15 years of intensive research and investigation by Druker, who came to prominence for initiating a lawsuit against the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that forced it to divulge its files on GM foods. Those files revealed that GM foods first achieved commercialization in 1992 only because the FDA: 这部专著是德鲁克超过十五年深入研究与调查的结果，他因为发起对美国食品和药物管理署（ FDA ）的诉讼，迫使 FDA 公布了他们关于转基因食品的档案。案卷揭示： 1992 年转基因食品首次实现商业化，仅因为 FDA ： • Covered up the extensive warnings of its own scientists about their dangers. • 将 FDA 自己科学家对于转基因危险性提出的全面警告掩盖起来 • Lied about the facts. • 就事实撒谎 • And then violated federal food safety law by permitting these foods to be marketed without having been proven safe through standard testing. • 违反联邦食品安全性法律，在没有通过标准试验证实其安全情况下允许转基因食品上市 The book points out that if the FDA had heeded its own experts’ advice and publicly acknowledged their warnings that GM foods entailed higher risks than their conventional counterparts, the GM food venture would have imploded and never gained traction anywhere. 这本书指出，如果 FDA 听从了自己专家的忠告并公开承认专家提出的转基因食品比传统食品具有更高风险的警告 , 转基因食品企业必然崩溃，再不会在任何地方获得推动力。 It also reveals: 这本书同时揭示： • Many well-placed scientists have repeatedly issued misleading statements about GM foods, and so have leading scientific institutions such as the US National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the UK’s Royal Society. • 某些有身份的高级科学家对转基因食品一再发表误导性陈述，一些领先的科研机构，如美国国家科学院（ US National Academy of Sciences ）、美国科学促进协会（ American Association for the Advancement of Science ）和英国皇家学会（ UK’s Royal Society ）也如法炮制。 • Consequently, most people are unaware of the risks these foods entail and the manifold problems they have caused. • 后果是，大部分人不知道转基因食品包含的风险以及它们造成的一系列问题。 • Contrary to the claims of biotech advocates, humans have indeed been harmed by consuming the output of genetic engineering. In fact, the technology’s first ingestible product (a food supplement of the essential amino acid, L-tryptophan) caused dozens of deaths and seriously sickened thousands of people (permanently disabling many of them). Moreover, the evidence points to the genetic alteration as the most likely cause of the unusual contamination that rendered the supplement toxic. • 与生物技术鼓吹者的声称相反，食用转基因产品的人已经确实受害。事实上，该项技术的首个可食用的产品（左旋色氨酸，一种至关重要的氨基酸补阳品 ) 造成了数十人死亡与数千人的严重疾病（其中许多永久瘫痪）。此外，有关证据将造成保健品毒性的不同寻常的污染最可能的原因指向基因转变。 • Laboratory animals have also suffered from eating products of genetic engineering, and well-conducted tests with GM crops have yielded many troubling results, including intestinal abnormalities, liver disturbances, and impaired immune systems. • 实验动物也遭受到转基因饲料的伤害，对转基因作物进行的严格试验得出了许多令人不安的结果，包括肠道异常、肝脏障碍，与免疫系统受损害。 • Numerous scientists (including those on the FDA’s Biotechnology Task Force) have concluded that the process of creating genetically modified food radically differs from conventional breeding and entails greater risk. • 无数科学家（包括美国 FDA 生物技术任务组的科学家）得出结论，创造转基因食品的过程与传统育种极端不同，它包含很大的风险。 • There has never been a consensus within the scientific community that GM foods are safe, and many eminent experts have issued cautions – as have respected scientific organizations such as the Royal Society of Canada and the Public Health Association of Australia. • 科学界内部对转基因食品的安全性从来就没有共识，许多著名的专家都发出过警告 – 包括加拿大皇家学会（加拿大科学院）（ the Royal Society of Canada ）和澳大利亚公共卫生协会（ the Public Health Association of Australia ）在内的令人尊敬的科学组织也发出过类似的警告。 Druker says: “Contrary to the assertions of its proponents, the massive enterprise to reconfigure the genetic core of the world’s food supply is not based on sound science but on the systematic subversion of science – and it would collapse if subjected to an open airing of the facts.” 德鲁克说： “ 与其支持者的主张相反大型企业重新配置世界粮食供应的基因核心，不是基于合理的科学，而是对科学的系统颠覆 —— 事实一旦公开，它必定崩溃。 ” At their upcoming press conference, he and Jane Goodall intend to challenge the Royal Society to confront the facts, apologize for the misleading statements that it and several of its prominent members have issued, and take earnest steps to set the record straight. 在即将举行的新闻发布会上，德鲁克与珍妮 • 古黛尔打算挑战英国皇家协会，要求他们面对事实，就其自身和几位著名成员发布的误导性陈述进行道歉，并采取切实措施进行纠正。 In her foreword to Altered Genes, Twisted Truth, Goodall commends it for countering the disinformation and providing much-needed clarity. She states: “I shall urge everyone I know who cares about life on earth, and the future of their children, and children’s children, to read it. It will go a long way toward dispelling the confusion and delusion that has been created regarding the genetic engineering process and the foods it produces. . . . Steven Druker is a hero. He deserves at least a Nobel Prize.” 在她为《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》撰写的前言中，古德奥尔称赞这本书打击了虚假信息并且提供了急需的清晰度。她说： “ 我敦促我知道的关心地球生命、关心孩子的未来和孩子的孩子的未来的所有人都阅读这部书。消除有关遗传工程过程和它生产的食物的混乱和妄想还有很长的路要走 …… 斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克是一位英雄。他至少应当得到一个诺贝尔奖。 ” Pat Thomas, Director of UK campaigning group Beyond GM, which is facilitating the press launch, says: “Under pressure from new legislation and the ongoing TTIP negotiations, the UK and the rest of Europe are on the precipice of making sweeping changes to their historical stance on GMOs. Much of our regulatory framework has been informed by foundations laid down in America in the early 1990s, and the belief that they got it right in terms of understanding the science of genetic modification . Steven Druker’s investigation into the history of fraud and deceit that ushered in the era of GMOs deserves serious consideration before we take actions that will irreversibly alter the European food supply”. 帕特 · 托马斯（ Pat Thomas ）是协助组织这次新闻发布会的英国超越转基因运动团体的主任，他说： “ 在新的立法和 TTIP （ 跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴协议） 持续 谈判的 压力下，英国和欧洲其他国家正处于彻底改变它们对转基因的历史立场的边缘。 我们的监管框架很大程度上是建立于美国 1990 年代早期告知我们的信息，以及相信他们对基因改造科学的认识是正确的基础上。 斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克对开创了转基因生物时代的欺诈和欺骗历史的调查，在我们采取不可逆转地改变欧洲食品供应的行动之前，值得认真考虑 ” 。 About Steven Druker 关于 斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克 Steven Druker is an American public interest attorney and executive director of the Alliance for Bio-Integrity, the lead plaintiff in the lawsuit he initiated against the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that gained worldwide attention by exposing how the agency had enabled the commercialization of GM foods through a colossal fraud. 斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克是美国公共利益律师、 “ 生物整体性联盟 ” （ Alliance for Bio-Integrity ）的执行主任以及对美国食品药物管理署（ FDA ）案的首席原告，由于揭露了 FDA 通过巨大骗局使得转基因食品商业化，他获得了全世界的关注。 About the book: 关于这本书： Altered Genes, Twisted Truth – How the Venture to Genetically Engineer Our Food Has Subverted Science, Corrupted Government, and Systematically Deceived the Public 《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》 —— 使我们促进食品转基因的企业投资冒险怎样破坏颠覆科学、腐蚀腐化政府与欺骗公众 By Steven M. Druker; Foreword by Jane Goodall. 作者： 斯蒂芬 ·M· 德鲁克； 前言作者：珍妮 • 古黛尔 Published March 2015 出版日期： 2015 年 3 月 Contents 目录 FORWARD by Jane Goodall 前言（作者：珍妮 · 古黛尔） INTRODUCTION: How I Reluctantly Became an Activist s-- And Uncovered the Crime that Enabled the Commercialization of Genetically Engineered Foods 引言：我如何不情愿地成为一名积极分子 —— 并揭露了纵容转基因食品商业化的犯罪行为 1. The Politicization of Science -- And the Institutionalization of Illusion 1 、科学的政治化 —— 以及错觉的制度化 2. The Expansion of the Biotech Agenda -- And the Intensification of the Politicization 2 、生物技术计划的扩展 —— 以及政治化的强化 3. Disappearing a Disaster -- How the Facts About a Deadly Epidemic Caused by a Genetically Engineered Food Have Been Consistently Clouded 3 、让灾害消失 —— 转基因食品造成致命流行病的事实如何一直被掩盖 4. Genes, Ingenuity, and Disingenuousness -- Reprogramming the Software of Life while Refashioning the Facts 4 、基因、聪明才智和 不诚实 —— 在重塑事实的同时重新编程生命的软件 5. Illegal Entry -- The Governmental Fraud that Put GE Foods on the US Market 5 、非法进入 —— 让转基因食品进入美国市场的政府欺诈 6. Globalization of Regulatory Irregularity -- How Food Safety Officials in Canada, the EU, and Other Regions also Sidestepped Science and Sound Policy 6 、监管违规的全球化 —— 加拿大、欧盟以及其他区域的食品安全官员如何避开了科学和健全的政策 7. Erosion of Environmental Protection -- Multiple Risks, Minimal Caution 7 、环境保护遭到侵蚀 —— 多项风险、最低程度谨慎 8. Malfunction of the American Media -- Pliant Accomplices in Cover-up and Deception 8 、美国媒体的失灵 —— 堕落为掩盖和欺骗的顺从同伙 9. Methodica l Misrepresentation of Risk -- Oversights, Anomalies, and 失职 9 、风险的系统误传 —— 疏忽、异常和拖欠 10. A Crop of Disturbing Data -- How the Research on GE Foods Has Failed to Show They're Safe -- and Instead Confirmed They Should Be Off the Market 10 、令人不安数据的农作物 —— 对转基因食品的研究未能显示它们的安全性 —— 反而确认它们应当从市场中清除出去 11. Overlooked Lessons from Computer Science -- The Inescapable Risks of Altering Complex Information Systems 11 、被忽视的计算机科学的教训 —— 改变复杂信息系统造成不可避免的风险 12. Unfounded Foundational Assumptions -- The Flawed Beliefs that Undergird Agricultural Bioengineering 12 、毫无根据的基础性假设 —— 加强农业生物工程的错误信念 , 13. The Devolution of Scientists into Spin Doctors -- Genetic Engineering's Most Malignant Mutation 13 、科学家堕落为舆论导向专家 —— 基因工程的最恶性突变 14. New Directions and Expanded Horizons -- Abandoning Genetic Engineering and Advancing to Safe, Sustainable, and Sensible Modes of Farming 14 、新的方向和扩大的视野 —— 放弃基因工程，推进安全、可持续和明智的农业模式 Appendix A: Extended Examination of the Judge's Decision in Alliance for Bio-Integrity v. Shalala 附录 A ：扩展 “ 生物整体性联盟（原告）对 Shalala （被告）案件中法官裁决的审查 Appendix B: Two Reports by Other Respected Organizations that Misrepresent the Risks of GE Foods 附录 B ：其他受人尊敬的机构歪曲转基因食品风险的两份报告 Comments at on Altered Genes, Twisted Truth posted at Amazon website: 《亚马逊网站》上发布的对于《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》的评论： http://www.amazon.com/Altered-Genes-Twisted-Truth-Systematically/dp/0985616903 “A fascinating book: highly informative, eminently readable, and most enjoyable. It’s a real page-turner and an eye-opener.” “ 这是一本令人着迷的书：信息丰富，可读性强且十分有趣。这是一本真正的引人入胜、令人大开眼界的书。 ” Richard C. Jennings, PhD Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge 理查德 ·C· 杰宁思，博士，剑桥大学科学史与哲学系 “This incisive and insightful book is truly outstanding. Not only is it well-reasoned and scientifically solid, it’s a pleasure to read – and a must-read. Through its masterful marshaling of facts, it dispels the cloud of disinformation that has misled people into believing that GE foods have been adequately tested and don’t entail abnormal risk.” “ 这本尖锐而深刻的书极为出色。它的不仅合理的和科学上实在，而且有阅读性 -- 是一本必读书。通过高超编组的事实，它驱散了误导人们相信转基因食品已经充分测试不具有异常危险的虚假信息雾霾。 ” David Schubert, PhD, molecular biologist and Head of Cellular Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies 大卫 · 舒伯特，博士，分子生物学就与索尔科生物研究所分子神经生物学负责人 “A great book. The evidence is comprehensive, clear, and compelling. No one has documented other cases of irresponsible behavior by government regulators and the scientific establishment nearly as well as Druker documents this one. His book should be widely read and thoroughly heeded.” “ 一本伟大的书。证据全面、清楚且引人注目。没有人如同德鲁克一般记录政府监管机构和科研机构不负责任行为的案例。他的书值得广泛阅读和认真留意。 ” John Ikerd, PhD Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri 约翰 · 爱柯德，博士，密苏里大学农业经济学名誉教授 “Steven Druker’s meticulously documented, well-crafted, and spellbinding narrative should serve as a clarion call to all of us. In particular, his chapter detailing the deadly epidemic of 1989-90 that was linked with a genetically engineered food supplement is especially significant. . . . Overall his discussion of this tragic event, as well as its ominous implications, is the most comprehensive, evenly-balanced and accurate account that I have read.” “ 斯蒂芬 · 德鲁克所小心记录、精心设计的引人入胜的故事，应该对我们所有人形成号召。特别是，他详述 1989-1990 致命流行病与转基因食品补充剂的联系的一章，意义特别重大 ... 他对这场悲惨事件的总体讨论，及其不祥影响，是我所读到过的最为综合、平衡与准确的描述。 ” Stephen Naylor, PhD Professor of Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic (1991-2001) 斯梯芬 · 奈勒，博士，生物化学教授，玛幼诊所（ 1991-2001 ） “A landmark. It should be required reading in every university biology course.” “ 这是一个里程碑。它应该成为每个大学的生物学课程必读书。 ” Joseph Cummins, PhD Professor Emeritus of Genetics, Western University, Ontario -- 约瑟夫 · 卡敏斯，博士，遗传学名誉教授，加拿大安大略西部大学 “Altered Genes, Twisted Truth is lucid, illuminating, and alarming. As a former New York City prosecutor, I was shocked to discover how the FDA illegally exempted GE foods from the rigorous testing mandated by federal statute. And as the mother of three young kinds, I was outraged to learn how America's children are being callously exposed to experimental foods that were deemed abnormally risks by the FDA's own experts.” “ 《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》清晰明白且发人深省。作为纽约市前检察官，我震惊地发现 FDA 如何违法地让转基因食品逃避联邦法律所规定的严格测试要求。作为三位幼童的妈妈，我愤怒地了解到美国的儿童被无情暴露于 FDA 的专家自己认为存在异常风险的实验性转基因食品面前。 ” -- Tara-Cook Littman, JD -- 塔拉 - 库克 · 利特曼，法律博士 Altered Genes, Twisted Truth is very readable, thorough, logical and though- provoking. Steven Druker exposes shenanigans employed to promote genetic engineering that will surprise even those who have followed the ag-biotech industry closely for years. I strongly recommend his book. “ 《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》极具阅读性、透彻性、逻辑性和思考价值。 史蒂芬 · 德鲁克揭露一批诡计多端者受雇以推进转基因技术，对此即便多年密切关注农业 -- 生物技术产业的人也会感到震惊。我强烈推荐他的书。 - Belinda Martineau, PhD, molecular biologist, -- 贝琳达 · 马丁俄奥，博士，分子生物学家 a co-developer of the first genetically engineered whole food, 头一种转基因全食品合作研发者 author of First Fruit: The Creation of the Flavr Savt tm Tomato and the birth of biotech Foods 《头一种水果： Flavr Savt tm 转基因西红柿的创造与生物技术食品的降生》的作者 Steven Druker has done a beautiful job of weaving a compelling scientific argument into an engaging narrative that often reads like a detective story, and he makes his points dramatically and clearly. The examination of genetic engineering from the standpoint of software engineering is especially insightful, exposing how the former is more like a 'hackathon' than a careful, systematic methodology for revising complex in information systems. I will recommend this book to my friends. “ 史蒂芬 · 德鲁克 将一个令人信服的科学争论编写成引人入胜故事，读起来像一个侦探故事，同时其要点不失显著和清晰。他从软件工程的角度对基因工程的问题所进行的审查尤其深刻，揭示出基因工程更像一个 ‘ 黑客 ’ 所为，而不是表现为修改复杂信息系统的认真的、系统化的方法。我将向我的朋友们推荐这本书。 ” -- Thonmas J. McCabe, devloper of the cyclomatic complexity software metric, a key analytic tool in computer programming employed throughout the world -- 托马斯 ·J· 麦卡比， 世界范围计算机编程应用的关键性分析工具 循环复杂度软件度量的研发者， Based on over 30 years of teaching computer science at universities and on extensive experience as a programmer in private industry, I can state that Steven Druker has done an excellent job of demonstrating the recklessness of the current practices of genetic engineering in comparison to the established practices of software engineering. His book presents a striking contrast between the two fields, showing how software engineers progressively developed greater awareness of the inherent risks of altering complex information systems - and accordingly developed more rigourous procedures for managing them - while genetic technicians have largely failed to de either, despite the fact that the information systems they alter are far more complex, and far less comprehended, than any human-made system. “ 根据我在大学执教计算机科学 30 余年的经验以及在私人公司工作的经历，我可以说 , 史蒂芬 · 德鲁克将 基因工程中的鲁莽操作与软件工程所确立的操作进行比较的工作非常优异。他的书对两个领域的情况做了鲜明对比，表明软件工程师如何逐步发展出对于改变复杂信息系统固有风险的认识 -- 并且响应开发管理这些风险的更为严格的程序 -- 与此相反，基因技术人员们在相当意义上既没有能够认识到这样的风险，又没有开发出管理这些风险的更为严格的程序，尽管基因工程修改的信息系统在复杂程度和理解难度上远胜于任何人造系统。 - Ralph Bunker, PhD -- 拉菲 · 邦克，博士 Steven Druker has written one of the few books I have encountered, in my many years of public interest work, with the capacity to drive major change in a major issue. What Ralph Nader's Unsafe at Any Speed was to the auto industy and what Rachel Carson's Silent Spring was to synthetic pesticides, Altered Genes, Twisted Truth will be to genetically engineered food. I is profoundly penetrating, illuminating, and compelling, and it could stimulate a monumental and beneficial shift in our system of food production. “ 史蒂芬 · 德鲁克 的作品，是我多年公共利益的工作中所遇到的有能力推动重大变化的几本书之一。如同拉尔夫 · 内德《任何速度都不安全》对汽车工业以及蕾切尔 · 卡逊《寂静的春天》对化学合成农药，《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》对转基因食品将发挥同样的作用。这本书有深刻而透彻、清晰而引人入胜，它可以推动我们食品生产系统中重大而有益的转变。 ” -- Joan Levin, JD, MPH -- 琼 · 莱文，法律博士， Druker's brilliant expose catches the promoters of GE food red-handed: falsifying data, corrupting regulators, lying to Congress. He thoroughly demonstrates how distortions and deception have been piled one on to another, year after year, producing a global industry that teeters on a foundation of fraud and denial. This book is sure to send shockwaves around the world. “ 德鲁克出色地揭露了转基因食品推动者的违法行为：伪造数据、腐化监管机构、欺骗国会。他透彻地揭示一个又一个扭曲和欺骗如何成为更多扭曲和欺骗的依据，年复一年堆积起来，从而在摇摇欲坠地欺诈和否认基础上造就了这个全球行业。这本书必将在全世界造成冲击。 ” -- Jeffrey M. Smith, international bestselling author of Seeds of Dececption Genetic Roulette -- 杰弗里 ·M· 史密斯，世界畅销《欺骗的种子》与《转基因轮盘赌》的作者 Altered Genes, Twisted Truth reveals how the inception for molecular biotechnology ignited a battle between those committed to scientific accuracy and the public interest and those who saw genetic engineering's commercial potential. Steven Druker's meticulously researched book pieces together the deeply disturbing and tremendously important history of the interwined science and politics of GMOs. Understanding this ongoing struggle is a key to understanding science in the modern world. “ 《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》揭示分子生物技术的诞生如何激起了致力于科学准确性和公众利益者和那些看到基因工程商业潜力的人之间的斗争。 史蒂芬 · 德鲁克 潜心研究写成的书将。理解这场持续的斗争，是理解现代世界中的科学的关键。 ” -- Allison Wilson, PhD, molecular geneticist, Science Director, The Bioscience Resource Project -- 阿利森 · 维勒森，博士，分子基因学家，科学主任，生物科学资源项目 Altered Genes, Twisted Truth, Druker's exceptionally well-researched and well-written book elucidates the scientific facts about genetically engineered foods that the PR myths have been obscuring. It provides a unique and invaluable resource not only for concerned citizens, but for historians of science and technology as well. In a comprehensive and skill full manner, it demonstrates how the integrity of science was compromised as a highly influential community of biologists with special interests in genetic engineering muddled scientific truth in order to protect the image of bioengineered foods and to advance their growing partnerships with big business and government. Ultimately, the book reveals that what's at stake here is not only the safety of our food supply, but the future of science. I am pleased that Steven made good use of the extensive firsthand information I shared about the unsavory behind-the-scenes machinations of biotech promoters in both scientific institutions and government agencies, and I am very impressed with the book as a whole - expect that a large number of to the scientists will be too. “ 《改变的基因、扭曲的真相》，是德鲁克精湛研究、精心编写而成的书，厘清为转基因公关所构建的神话，并阐明转基因食品的科学事实。。这本书，不仅对于对此感到担心的公民，而且对科技史学者提供了独特宝贵的资源。通过全面而高超的技艺，，它演示了基因工程搅乱科学特殊利益攸关的一批保护转基因食品形象、促进其扩展与大企业和政府合作关系的一伙的高度影响力生物学家，如何用使科学的完整性遭到破坏。这本书最后揭示，这里涉及的利害关系，不仅涉及我们的食品供应的安全性，而且关乎科学的未来。我很高兴史蒂芬充分利用广泛的第一手资料分析生物技术推动者在科研机构和政府机构中的一系列幕后阴谋，我对这本书整体感到印象深刻 – 我想许多科学家的反应如我一样。 ” - Philip Regal, PhD, Professor Emeritus, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota -- 菲利普 · 瑞嘉勒，博士，名誉教授，明尼苏达大学生物科学学院
对久经风雨的制药界来说，2014应该算是个丰收年，因为美国FDA一共批准了41个新药（new molecular entities）。【1】上一次高潮是1996年，那年的数字是53个【2-3】：直接导致大量留美化学才俊赶上黄金时代，纷纷进入制药企业获得高薪工作。而近年来，由于赚大钱（年销售过10亿美元）的药品纷纷遭遇专利到期，他们中的很多人也赶上了美国制药业的大面积裁员风波，也有很多人远离家人成为空中飞人，海归到国内工作，不少人现在都是国内制药界的顶梁柱... ... 有数据分析，最近几年FDA的批准率也在上升【4】：无论是因为累计效应，还是因为FDA面临各种压力改善了工作，无论如何，这给很多还在这个行当辛苦工作的科技民工来说，至少是个鼓励。【6-7】 值得一提的是，在新药研发貌似大跃进的时代，2014年中国制药界的“成绩”就是买买买：大量 超过千万元的 针对国外公司项目的交易，而那些公司自己真正投入新药研发的资金可能都很少：有钱，还真是太任性了。【5】 这到底是最好的时代，还是最坏的时代？ 参考： 【1】 http://pharmamkting.blogspot.com/2014/12/43-of-new-drug-approvals-in-2014-were.html 【2】 http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v13/n2/fig_tab/nrd4239_F1.html New molecular entities (NMEs) and biologics license applications (BLAs) approved by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) since 1993. 【3】 FDA 历年批准的新药 http://www.centerwatch.com/drug-information/fda-approved-drugs/ 【4】 http://www.biopharmadive.com/news/icymi-3-charts-that-show-why-2014-was-a-milestone-year-for-us-novel-drug-a/343064/ （2014年的数据应该不全） 【5】 http://www.biotech.org.cn/information/129577 其它相关博文 【6】 药厂关门，朋友失业 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-437346-690714.html 【7】国外制药界职场动荡的年代 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-437346-593521.html
科学家的数据和言论有多可信？ 蒋继平 2013 年 11 月 9 日 今天美国新闻联播网（ CNN) 在首页登出了一位特约专栏作家的文章。 http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/08/opinion/carroll-fda-trans-fat/index.html?hpt=hp_t4 这位专栏作家是美国印第安那大学医学院的教授，同时也是健康政策和职业化研究中心的主任。 他的题目是：再见和好好的清除植物油（反式脂肪）。 在文章中，他的主要论点可以简述为： 食品药品管理局在消除食品加工中添加人工植物油方面走出了第一步。 食品药品管理局的做法是正确的。这是因为植物油对人体非常不好。 他说数据证明植物油增加坏的胆固醇和心脏病。 他说食品制造商很可能会采取合作，尽管消除植物油会增加成本。 他在文章中提及了在食品加工过程中添加植物油的历史，说这种做法已经有一百多年的历史记录。到 1990 年，科学证据已经显示植物油对人体的健康不利，尤其是会增加胆固醇和引发心血管方面的病。 他说从 2006 年起，食品药品管理局就要求食品制造商必须标明植物油在食品加工中的比例。从 2007 年起，麦当劳已经停止使用植物油。其他一些食品连锁店也尽量减少使用植物油。因而，从那时开始， 美国人对植物油的消费大幅地下降。 他还提到，原先科学家认为植物脂肪（不饱和脂肪）比动物脂肪（饱和脂肪）对人体较为安全。现在看来却却相反。所以，食品药品管理局的决定将使我们不得不改正我们的错误，这是早晚要做的事，只是一个时间问题。 读了 AaronE. Carroll 教授的这篇文章，我觉得科学家的数据和解释根本经不起历史的检验，有的根本就是政治的工具。一会儿 A 比 B 安全，一会儿反过来。当某些有决定权的人要推销一种产品时，就说它是好的。 食品药品管理局的行动和这篇文章使我联想到最近有关转基因食品的安全之争。因为， 目前的植物油大多数是转基因作物的产品，所以， 食品药品管理局的做法从一个侧面反应出对转基因食品的清除。难道你不会这么认为吗？ 中国的一些科学家总是喜欢引用美国农业部的一些数据，来根据他们自己的意图加以解释，这样的话，这些数据的可信度有多高？ 我非常严肃认真地向中国的政府和科学家们提出一个建议，希望你们认真地观察和研究一下美国在转基因食品上采取的措施，在社会上的反应，和转基因食品的生产销售以及在转基因作物研发方面的最新动态。千万不能把 20 年前的信息当成今日的理据来推销。 我担心中国的读者很难打开 CNN 的网址，所以， 将原文付后。供有兴趣的人自己查看。需要进一步说明的是， 我的文章不是直接的翻译，而是列出大意，希望大家明鉴。 Goodbyeand good riddance, trans fats AaronE. Carroll is a professor of pediatrics at the Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine and the director of its Center for Health Policyand Professionalism Research. The FDAtook a first step toward eliminating artificial trans fats in foodsupply 。 Aaron Carroll:FDA made the right move, since trans fats are very bad for people 。 He saysevidence shows trans fats increase bad cholesterol and heart disease 。 Carroll: It'slikely food suppliers will comply despite the costs of removing transfats 。 The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday took astep toward essentially a total banon artificial trans fats in America's food supply . This is not a trivial change. Not that long ago,trans fats were a part of all kinds of processed foods. Partiallyhydrogenated oils, as they are otherwise known, tend to improve boththe shelf life and flavor of many foods. Trans fats have been aroundfor more than a hundred years. They're used in a wide range of foods,from frozen pizza to microwave popcorn to packaged cookies. But trans fats are amazingly bad for you. By the1990s, evidence was building that trans fats carried a significantrisk for increasing coronary heart disease. Specifically, they werefound not only to increase your level of low-density lipoprotein(LDL, or bad cholesterol) but to decrease your level of high-densitylipoprotein (HDL, or good cholesterol). Because of this, the negativeeffects of trans fats are about double those of saturated fat (whichisn't that good for you, either). It gets worse. Trans fats also increase your level oflipoprotein(a) and triglycerides, both of which are thought to beassociated with cardiovascular disease. These laboratory findings bear out in all kinds ofepidemiologic studies showing that a diet containing higher levels oftrans fats carried greater health risk than a diet similarly high insaturated fat There has been a longstanding argument that we shouldstop using trans fats. The American Heart Association recommends thatpeople's diets contain 2 grams or less of trans fats a day. Thatamount is what you might normally get in dairy products and meat. Butif you eat processed foods, you'll end up consuming more trans fats. In 2006, the FDAstarted mandating that food labels list the amount of trans fatsin foods in order to make consumers aware of their hazard. Some companies have made an effort to stay away fromtrans fats. McDonalds stopped using them 7years ago . Burger King has a minimal amount in its foods, andthat's from small amounts that are present naturally in meat andcheese. New York banned trans fats in restaurants in 2007. It was acontroversial decision at the time, but consumption of trans fats inthe city has droppeddramatically because of the ban. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention saysthat removing trans fats from the U.S. food supply couldprevent about 20,000 heart attacks a year and 7,000 deaths fromcardiovascular disease. Finally, the FDA issued a Federal Register noticeannouncing that trans fats are not generally recognized assafe. Such a notice allows a period of time for people andbusinesses to comment and offer opinions and evidence if they believethat trans fats should not be banned. Of course, there are costs to such a move. The FDAestimates that it will cost about $8 billion initially to removetrans fats from the food supply. It believes the 20-year costs to bebetween $12 billion and $14 billion. I think it's likely that processed food producerswill comply. There's almost no good evidence -- or argument -- tosupport the continued use of trans fats. In fact, it's been reported that some manufacturers have voluntarily lowered the use of trans fats by almost 75% in the past eight years. Given these moves, it'snot hard to imagine them going the rest of the distance. There is some irony inthis, of course. Trans fats first became more common in our diet because they were believed to be safer than animal fats (think margarine instead of butter).Turns out the opposite is true. The FDA's actions are putting us onthe road to correcting that mistake, hopefully sooner rather than later.
方舟子在美国FDA做讲演的真相 发布: 亦明 日期: December 18, 2012 08:52AM 2012年11月10日，方舟子在搜狐微博上说： “今天上午到美国之音接受采访，下午在FDA（食品药品管理局）和NIH（国家健康研究院）各做了一场演讲。都是如雷贯耳的地方，也都是第一次去。进去都要做严密安检，三个地方的安检各有特色。”（见： ）。 方舟子并且张贴出了他进入这三个“如雷贯耳的地方”的“门票”，证明所言不虚。 方舟子进入美国政府机构的门票 11日，方舟子连发两条微博，介绍自己在FDA的讲演： “昨天中午在FDA的餐厅吃了一顿世界上最安全的饭菜，现炒意大利面加蘑菇奶油鸡汤，还挺可口。之后演讲中国食品和药品的安全现状和症结所在。”（见： ）。 “我在FDA演讲的主旨我在2008年给《美国新闻周刊中文版》写的一篇文章的结尾已说过了：中国食品安全的现状与一百年前的美国有些相似。但是即使是一百年前的美国，也有某些方面是现在的中国所欠缺的：民主政体、新闻自由和司法独立，这一切使得重大社会问题能引起舆论的关注，就会导致立法，而一旦立法，就能有效实施。中国食品安全问题不只是企业没有良心的问题，它涉及到全社会的方方面面，在中国社会发生重大变革之前，很难有根本的改观。”（见： ）。 12月5日，方舟子又在搜狐微博发帖子说： “今天才扫了一眼亦明和寻正致《自然》的公开信，因有人告诉我里面有好玩的东西。为抗议英国《自然》给我约翰•麦克多斯奖，亦明（葛莘）写了一系列致《自然》的英文公开信，现在已经写到第8封了。可惜既哆嗦又枯燥，我‘破着头发’也读不下去。其中的亮点是说我并没有真的在FDA、NIH做演讲，而是由在那里工作的朋友偷偷带我溜进去照了几张照片发到网上来欺骗大家我去那里做演讲。”（见： ）。 那么，方舟子到FDA做“讲演”，到底是不是受到FDA官方邀请的呢？为此，本人曾两次去信询问，并且在12月4日打电话催问。这是我的询问函： 11月19日： FDA, Dr. Fang Shimin, a controversial public figure in China, announced on his blog that he gave a speech at FDA on November 10, 2012 (links: ; ), He also showed his entry ticket to FDA properties on his blog. (link: ). Although not stated explicitly, Dr. Fang messages imply that he was officially invited by FDA to deliver the speech, so his ideas, opinions, and even his status are recognized or approved by FDA. I searched FDA website, but could not find any information about Fang's speech. So could you please clarify the matter? Thanks. Xin Ge, Ph. D. （ 译文 ： FDA，方是民博士是一位具有争议的公众人物，11月10日他在博客上宣布，他给FDA做了一个讲演。他并且公布了他进入联邦政府要地的通行证。虽然他没有明确说出来，但他的信息暗示，他到FDA讲演是受FDA的官方邀请，因此他的观点，甚至他的地位，也都受到了FDA的认可和批准。我搜索了FDA的网站，没有找到关于方讲演的任何信息，所以请您就此事作出澄清。谢谢。葛莘，哲学博士 ） 11月26日： FDA, Last week, I sent an email to inquire the status of Dr. Shimin Fang’s speech at FAD. I have not received reply from you yet. According to a person who attended Fang’s FDA speech, the person who arranged the speech was Sharon G Li, a LEAD BUDGET ANALYST at FDA and a long-term friend of Dr. Fang’s. I have attached the screen images of Dr. Fang’s blogs to the email for your reference (Please see the attached file). If you need my help in translation or other things, please let me know. Thanks. Xin Ge, Ph. D. （ 译文 ： FDA，我上周发给您们一个电子邮件，询问方舟子在FDA讲演的情况。我至今还没有收到回信。根据一个参与了方的讲演的人透露，安排方在FDA讲演之人是FDA预算分析员Sharon G Li，她是方舟子的长期支持者。我把方博士的博客截图附上，供您参考。如果您们需要我的翻译，或者其他帮助，请告知。谢谢。葛莘，哲学博士 ） 12月4日，我打电话给FDA，询问他们何时回复我的质询。不到一个小时，我就收到回信： Dear Dr. Ge, Thank you for your inquiry about Dr. Fang Shimin’s presentation at the White Oak headquarters of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Our records show that Dr. Fang was invited by a group of FDA employees and addressed them on November 9, 2012, on the subject of “Current Food and Drug Safety Issues in China”. His informal lunch-time talk was one of the frequent educational events that are authorized by the agency and that serve to keep FDA employees informed about public health issues that are of interest to our agency. Regards, Lawrence Bachorik, Ph.D. Assistant Commissioner for External Relations （ 译文 ： 亲爱的葛博士：感谢您对方是民博士在美国食品药品管理局白橡树总部所做讲演的询问。我们的记录显示，方博士11月9日 受一伙FDA雇员的邀请 ，给他们讲解“中国食品安全的现状”。 他的非正式、午餐时间谈话是众多受到本署批准的教育活动之一 ，这些活动的目的是使FDA雇员对公共健康事宜──这是本署所关心的──保持了解。此致。劳伦斯•巴赫里克，哲学博士。FDA外部事务专员助理 。） 注：本人提到的FDA预算分析员Sharon G Li，网名 黎柳蝉 ，是方舟子铁杆粉丝。从11月8日到11日这四天内，黎柳蝉发了至少13个微博，为方舟子在美国东部华府地区“讲演”做宣传。黎柳蝉还曾张贴过多张方舟子在FDA讲演的照片 （见： 、 ）。 FDA雇员黎柳蝉发布的方舟子在FDA讲演照片 也就是说，方舟子大张旗鼓宣称的到美国如雷贯耳的地方所做的讲演，确实如我所说，" he let his followers at FDA or NIH ‘invite’ him first, then he sneaked into the U. S. federal buildings, took some pictures, then showed off the pictures to Chinese people and told them that he had given speeches at FDA and NIH, " 没看到他们一主一仆发表的照片，都不敢照观众吗？ 那么，已经年近半百的方舟子搞这一套三岁小儿的自欺欺人游戏，目的何在呢？当然是要招摇撞骗，糊弄愚蠢的方粉，让他们以为，自己的主子虽然在国内早已成了一滩臭狗屎，但在美利坚合众国，还是香饽饽。看看在他的微博后面，几个方粉的留言（见： ）： 梦里小龙 (11-12 19:34)：什么时候中国食品药品检验局和技术监督局邀请你去演讲，中国的食品药品安全监管那是动真格了！ 竹风风竹2012 (11-11 06:49)：为什么中国媒体打压方舟子，美国却邀请他演讲呢？反差如此之大。好好反省一下吧中国的“媒体文化人们”。不懂科学，只会娱乐。一群没脑子却自明不凡的“文化人” 青萍风的微博 (11-10 15:02)：不知我国对应的中央人民广播电台、国家食品药品监督管理局和卫生部什么时间对就获得“John Maddox Prize for Standing up for Science”的方老师进行采访？ @中央人民广播电台 @国家食品药品监督管理局 @卫生部 ggb550真(11-10 14:51)：去FDA（食品药品管理局）和NIH（国家健康研究院），很牛B啊！ 再看看FDA预算分析员黎柳蝉一个帖子后面的跟贴（见： ）： 凝山 (11-12 19:11)：厉害厉害~！都讲到FDA去了！！ 韬光剑影 (11-10 17:41)：FDA请老方去演讲了？牛哦 my西西弗的神话(11-10 14:19)：FDA，好霸气啊 桃叶仙 (11-10 13:21)：看来这个奖的分量相当重，都到NIH和FDA开座谈会了。 随舟而来 (11-10 13:11)：FDA和NIH，这二个地方五副局听到就会吓尿，他敢去和方舟子排排座一起用英语访谈吗？在家对嘴型都要练好久吧 晓云6 (11-10 12:34)：才气都彰显出来喽。 虚逐子 (11-10 12:03)：@五岳散人 看得懂吗? 让fda给你一个演讲视频，去挑挑方舟子口语的错. 也就是说，方舟子这个科学教教主，不靠欺骗，他一天都混不下去！ http://www.2250s.com/read.php?2-17397-17397
美国政府经营责任项目（GAP）状告FDA妨碍适当披露动物食品使用抗生素的信息，滥用抗生素是引起的抗药性微生物发展的重要原因，这些耐药性微生物对人类健康构成威胁。 下面是相关报道的链接： http://www.foodqualitynews.com/Public-Concerns/FDA-faces-lawsuit-over-food-animal-antibiotics-data/?utm_source=newsletter_dailyutm_medium=emailutm_campaign=GIN_DRdc=3kLQWm2GJ6SHw9ltK70P%252BuZEsLmFmQcU 下面是相关报道的全文： The Government Accountability Project (GAP) is suing the US Food Drug Administration (FDA) for withholding data on the sale of antibiotics for use in food animals. GAP is concerned that misuse of antibiotics in industrial animal agriculture is fostering the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that then threaten human health. The lawsuit follows the FDA’s failure to satisfy adequately GAP’s Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to deliver information concerning the amount of antibiotics sold for use in food animals in 2009. GAP claims to have made every attempt to secure the relevant details since February 2011, short of litigation, and was eventually told the requested data was “confidential commercial information”. ‘Confidential’ "The FDA frequently claims that documents sought through the FOIA process contain 'confidential commercial information," said Jeff Gulley, GAP Food Public Health Counsel. "When tested in court, however, these claims frequently don't hold up. This response by FDA is a violation of FOIA and a wrongful withholding of agency records." GAP food integrity campaign director Amanda Hitt said: "How can we truly know the extent to which these drugs are causing harm if we can't even access information? The agency's job is to protect the public's health, not industry secrets." Keeve Nachman, director of the Farming for the Future program at Johns Hopkins Centre for a Liveable Future (CLF), which has served as a scientific adviser to GAP on the request and lawsuit, said: "These data will help public health researchers decipher how the industry's antibiotic use erodes the effectiveness of these life-saving drugs.” In April this yeara study, conducted by the CLF and Arizona State’s Biodesign Institute, was published claiming banned drugs had been found in eight out of 12 multi-state feather meal samples. The CLF researchers called on the FDA to monitor what drugs were going into animal feed. Basic information Drug companies are required to report basic information about antibiotic sales to the FDA under the Animal Drug User Fee Act (ADUFA). Such information includes how much of each drug is sold; whether the drugs are formulated for use in feed, water, or by injection; and the animals for which each drug is approved. FDA publicly releases a limited summary of ADUFA data each year, but withholds almost all of what companies report, GAP claims. The FDA has 30 days to respond to the lawsuit, which was filed on December 5. The FDA was unavailable for comment at the time FoodProductionDaily.com was published.
标签: FDA
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