裸头草碱的 1 期临床试验未显示不良反应 诸平 Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic substance produced by psilocybin mushrooms, also called ‘magic’ mushrooms. 据“医学快报”( Medical Xpress ) 2019 年 12 月 13 日 提供的消息,英国伦敦国王学院( King's College London )和精神保健公司 Compass Pathways 的研究人员团队发布了 裸头草碱 (psilocybin ) 的 1 期临床试验结果。除了在美国神经心理药理学院( American College of Neuropsychopharmacology ) 年会上 ( annual meeting )宣布结果外,团队成员还与新闻界进行了交谈。他们 报告说 ( reported ),到目前为止,他们并未发现服用该药物的志愿者有不良反应。 裸头草碱是蘑菇中一种具有迷幻作用的成份,可有效降低癌症患者的焦虑情绪。但是,也有报道指出,裸头草碱具有积极和消极的身体和心理影响,该药可引发精神病发作 风险增加。目前,裸头草碱在美国还不能用于临床,因为它被美国药物管理局 (DEA) 列为一级药物。 在医疗机构中,医生已经测试过裸头草碱,用于治疗 丛集性头痛 ( cluster headaches ), 晚期癌症 焦虑症( end-stage cancer anxiety ), 抑郁症 ( depression )和其他焦虑症( other anxiety disorders )。尽管如此,还是有 科学家质疑裸头草碱作为治疗手段的有效性和安全性。 英国伦敦国王学院( King's College London )和精神保健公司 Compass Pathways 的研究人员团队近日发布裸头草碱 (psilocybin) 的 1 期临床试验结果: 1 期临床试验仅用于测试该药物的安全性 - 并未试图找出该药物是否可减轻抑郁症状。没有一个志愿者患有抑郁症。这项双盲试验包括为 89 名健康志愿者提供 10 mg 或 25 mg 剂量的药物(或安慰剂),并进行后续治疗。对每个志愿者进行长达 12 周的不良反应评估。 研究人员想知道,分组治疗与一对一治疗是否会对结果产生影响。他们指出,每个 志愿者都 被指派了一名治疗师,他们与志愿者一起参加了治疗试验。 Compass Pathways 的代表告诉媒体,他们有兴趣了解是否有可能简化治疗程序以加快临床试验过程。他们还报告说,试验期间共进行了 25 次给药。 研究人员报告说,任何志愿者都没有严重的不良反应。轻微的不良反应具有迷幻性质。他们还发现,志愿者没有任何认知功能或情绪上的不良影响。他们通过试验得出结论,表明裸头草碱作为治疗慢性抑郁症的药物结合 治疗 的可行性。国王学院的代表指出,他们的研究是迄今为止裸头草碱规模最大的研究,并称结果令人鼓舞。更多信息请注意浏览相关报道。 Psychedelic drug to be tested for treatment-resistant depression in Houston Active ingredient in magic mushrooms reduces anxiety and depression in cancer patients The potential of psilocybin to alleviate psychological distress in cancer patients is revealed Psilocybin: Safety, Side Effects Intriguing Research
世界卫生组织WHO 5月18号发布了一则消息:世界一些主要的医学科研基金会和非政府组织同意实行一项新的标准,要求其所资助或支持的所有临床试验都要注册并公开结果。不难想像,许多权威医学期刊也会跟进,对相关投稿论文做出相应的要求。以下为新闻节选: “Indian Council of Medical Research, the Norwegian Research Council, the UK Medical Research Council, Médecins Sans Frontières and Epicentre (its research arm), PATH, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Institut Pasteur, the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Wellcome Trust等联合签署声明,同意在接下来的12个月内实行新的标准,要求其资助或支持的临床试验都要在公众可访问的网站注册,并在指定的时间内公开试验结果。 一些研究结果表明,今天约有50%的临床试验因为结果阴性而没有得到公布,这使得关于疫苗、药品和医疗器械的风险与益处的研究文献不完整甚至误导,导致次优甚至有害的产品。 2015年,WHO就基于世界医学组织(WMA) 2013赫尔新基宣言发布了其要求临床试验公开结果的声明,定义了公开结果的时间框架,并号召未发表的临床试验也要公开结果。今天由以上各主要基金和组织签署的协议意味着WHO和WMA声明中的伦理原则将会在每年成千上万的临床试验中得到加强。” 请点击“阅读原文”访问WHO新闻英文原文。 题图:坏血病的克星,作者Robert A Thom. 描绘了世界临床试验的鼻祖苏格兰医生James Lind于1747年开展的柑橘类水果与其他水果治疗坏血病的对照试验。 (图片来源https://research.ncl.ac.uk) ORCID上海研讨会将于2017年6月19号于上海交通大学举办, 请访问 http://lxi.me/64rcw 或扫描二维码查看详情或在线报名
Lancet Neurol——AD第一个tau疫苗临床试验显示出良好的安全性 Title: Safety and immunogenicity of the tau vaccine AADvac1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease : a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , phase 1 trial . Authors: Novak et al. Journal: Lancet Neurol. 2016 Dec 9. Absta Abstract BACKGROUND: Neurofibrillary pathology composed of tau protein is a main correlate of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease . Immunotherapy targeting pathological tau proteins is therefore a promising strategy for disease -modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease . We have developed an active vaccine , AADvac1 , against pathological tau proteins and assessed it in a phase 1 trial . METHODS: We did a first-in-man, phase 1 , 12 week, randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of AADvac1 with a 12 week open-label extension in patients aged 50-85 years with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease at four centres in Austria. We randomly assigned patients with a computer-generated sequence in a 4: 1 ratio overall to receive AADvac1 or placebo. They received three subcutaneous doses of AADvac1 or placebo from masked vaccine kits at monthly intervals, and then entered the open-label phase , in which all patients were allocated to AADvac1 treatment and received another three doses at monthly intervals. Patients , carers, and all involved with the trial were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was all-cause treatment-emergent adverse events, with separate analyses for injection site reactions and other adverse events. We include all patients who received at least one dose of AADvac1 in the safety assessment. Patients who had a positive IgG titre against the tau peptide component of AADvac1 at least once during the study were classified as responders. The first-in-man study is registered with EU Clinical Trials Register, number EudraCT 2012-003916-29, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01850238 ; the follow-up study, which is ongoing, is registered with EU Clinical Trials Register, number EudraCT 2013-004499-36, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02031198 . FINDINGS: This study was done between June 9, 2013, and March 26, 2015. 30 patients were randomly assigned in the double-blindphase : 24 patients to the AADvac1 group and six to the placebo group. A total of 30 patients received AADvac1 . Two patients withdrew because of serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were injection site reactions after administration (reported in 16 vaccinated patients ). No cases of meningoencephalitis or vasogenic oedema occurred after administration. One patient with pre-existing microhaemorrhages had newly occurring microhaemorrhages. Of 30 patients given AADvac1 , 29 developed an IgG immune response. A geometric mean IgG antibody titre of 1 :31415 was achieved. Baseline values of CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes correlated with achieved antibody titres. INTERPRETATION: AADvac1 had a favourable safety profile and excellent immunogenicity in this first-in-man study. Further trials are needed to corroborate the safety assessment and to establish proof of clinical efficacy of AADvac1 . FUNDING: AXON Neuroscience SE.