1. 基本假设 Theory of Constraints (TOC)是由Eliyahu.M.Goldratt在1984年写的书The Goal中提出来的。它的基本假设组织从产量、运营成本、库存三个维度来被衡量和控制的。理论在优化生产技术(Optimized Production Technology,OPT)基础上发展起来的管理哲理,提出了在制造业经营生产活动中定义和消除制约因素的一些规范化方法,以支持连续改进(Continuous Improvement)。同时TOC也是对MRPII和JIT在观念和方法上的发展。一切妨碍企业实现整体目标的因素都是约束。 The underlying premise of Theory of Constraints is that organizations can be measured and controlled by variations on three measures: throughput, operating expense, and inventory. Throughput is money (or goal units) generated through sales. Inventory is money the system invests in order to sell its goods and services. Operating expense is all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput . //这里所说的产出是指企业在某时间通过销售带来的货币价值;库存则是系统为了能销售产品和服务的投资;运营成本是系统为了把投资转化为产量的花费。 1.The goal (i.e., to make money) may be achieve in short-term but it can be counter-productive in long-term. A simple example is: generate money by selling plant or equipment. But, this would be detrimental in long run. Therefore, the emphasis should be on the goal of making money now as well as in the future. // 兼顾短期的和长期的利益 2. To achieve The Goal, i.e., the make more and more money, one must try to: (a) increase throughput//增加产量 (b) minimize operating expenses //削减运营成本 (c) minimize inventory//最小化库存 2. 关键步骤 1.Identify the constraint (the resource or policy that prevents the organization from obtaining more of the goal) //识别约束(阻止组织获得目标的资源和政策) 2.Decide how to exploit the constraint (make sure the constraint's time is not wasted doing things that it should not do) //如何使用约束(确定约束时间消耗在不该消耗时间的地方) 3.Subordinate all other processes to above decision (align the whole system or organization to support the decision made above) //在高层决策下细分所有流程(对整个支持高层决策的系统和组织进行排序) 4.Elevate the constraint (if required or possible, permanently increase capacity of the constraint; buy more) //更新升级约束(如果可能,不断增加约束能力) 5.If, as a result of these steps, the constraint has moved, return to Step 1. Don't let inertia become the constraint.//经过这几步骤,约束消减,继续这个步骤循环。 定义与处理约束下的思维过程(Thinking Processes),包括三个部分: 因果关系法 (Effect Cause Effect Method) ,找出要改变什么(what to change?)设定一些尽可能少的假设,通过分析和考验,逐一排斥,找出造成约束的根本原因(root cause),从而找出解决要害问题的有效方法。 驱散迷雾法 (Evaporation Cloud Method) ,处理改变的方向(what to change to?)问题,发展了JIT对消除无效劳动和浪费的刨根问底(fine WHYS)思想,并提出了一些指导性的规则。 苏格拉底法 (Socratic Method) ,老师提问,不给答案,在找出核心问题之后,发动群众对如何解决核心问题献计献策,使献计的人感到问题是由于他提出了办法得以解决,因而产生一种参与感,更主动地投入改革活动。这方法发展了JIT的全员参与(people involvement 、empowerment)的思想。 思维流程有以下主要的技术工具: 现实树( Reality Tree ) 现实树工具用来帮助人们认清企业现实存在的状况。 现实树是因果图,分为当前现实树(Current Reality Tree, CRT)和未来现实树 (Future Reality Tree, FRT)。现实树的建立要严格遵循若干条逻辑规则,从树根开始,向树干和树枝发展,一直到树叶。树根是根本性的原因,树干和树枝是中间结果,树叶是最终结果。对于当前现实树来讲,树叶是一些人们不满意的现象,树根是造成这些现象的根本原因或核心问题所在。而在未来现实树当中,它的树根是解决核心问题的方案,树叶是最终人们想看到的结果。 当前现实树( Current Reality Tree, CRT ) 描绘当前现实树(Current Reality Tree, CRT)时,即要回答改进什么时,我们往往是从可以得到的例证开始着手,即系统中明显地存在着的那些不尽人意的地方,如发货拖延、库存超标等,总称为不良效果(Undesirable Effects,简称UDE)。值得注意的是,UDE并不是真正的问题所在,它们只是一些表面现象。通过绘出将这些不良效果联系在一起的逻辑关系图,可以大大有助于找到真正的问题症结所在,它们就显示在这个逻辑图的最低部。 消雾法( Evaporating Cloud , EC ) 消雾法用来以双赢(Win-Win)的方式解决企业中的冲突。此法的得名是由于企业中的冲突像一团团的云雾一样,人们往往不能很清楚地说出究竟是哪些原因造成了这些冲突。消雾法就是要驱散那些弥漫在冲突周围的混淆和含糊,找到解决问题的突破点,也就是去伪存真,去粗存精,由外及内,由表及里,称之为注入。 未来现实树( Future Reality Tree, FRT ) 用消雾法看清问题和冲突,找到注入。但这还不是一个充分完整的方案。要回答改成什么样子,需要利用未来现实树。在CRT图上,把一个个注入插入到它要进行突破的环节。然后,重绘逻辑连接,在CRT的基础上生成FRT。这时,我们就要看不良效果是否转变为满意效果(Desirable Effects, DE)。 负效应枝条( Negative Effect Branches ) 当做完CRT、EC、FRT的一系列工作以后,就要找一些与改进后果相关程度最大的人来参与,以保证改进的成功实施。思维流程法是一项需要高度开放、广泛参与的活动。如果不和这些利益相关者进行全面和充分的沟通的话,就很难消除这部分员工的抵制改革的情绪。思维流程法认为,正是这些受改进影响最大的人,才对那些意料之外的负面效应(即负效应枝条)了解得最清楚。所以,思维流程法要求主动寻求这些人的参与,并与他们一道找出避免这些负效应枝条长出的办法,以避免实施的失败。此过程可以形象地描述为剪去负效应枝条(Trimming the Negative Branches)。 必备树( Prerequisite Tree ) 要注意,问题怎样使改进真正得以实现?不同于问题怎样对事物进行改变?。前者是在改进前后的状态都已知晓的情况下,也就是当前现实树和未来现实树都已经描绘出来的情况下,重点强调如何导致这一改进的实际发生。鉴于人们对自己参与设计的改进方案一般抵触较少,所以回答问题怎样使改进真正得以实现?的关键就是,让那些将与这些转变直接相关的人来制定实施转变所需的行动方案。这个工作是思维流程法中最有力的一环,也是TOC与其他那些追求持续改进的思维流程方法相比最显着的一个特色。用来显示克服障碍路径的逻辑图就称为必备树。 转变树( Transition Tree ) TOC思想的应用成功需要集思广益,找到配合实施最初注入的其他注入。把所有这些实现成功实施所需的活动集中在一起,并给出它们之间的关系,弄清楚活动的先后顺序应该怎样,也就是转变树。 3. 缓冲管理 (Buffer Management) 鼓-缓冲-绳法(Drum-Buffer-Rope Approach,DBR法),TOC把主生产计划(MPS)比喻成鼓Drum,根据生产的瓶颈资源和能力约束资源(Capacity Constraint Resources,CCR)的可用能力来确定企业的最大物流量,作为约束全局的鼓点,鼓点相当于指挥生产的节拍(Cycle time)。在所有瓶颈和总装工序前要保留物料储备缓冲,以保证充分利用瓶颈资源,实现最大的有效产出。必须按照瓶颈工序的物流量来控制瓶颈工序前道工序的物料投放量,头道工序和其它需要控制的工作中心如同用一根传递信息的绳子牵住的整条产线,按同一节拍,控制在制品流量,以保持在均衡的物料流动条件下进行生产。 瓶颈工序前的非制约工序可以用倒排计划,瓶颈工序用顺排计划,后续工序按瓶颈工序的节拍组织生产。 4. 软件和应用 TOC软件主要是建立制造流程的仿真模型、采用各种算法找出流程上的约束环节,制订最优的生产计划。目前,最流行的TOC软件有OPT2l和OPT5000,其中,OPT21主要是针对大中型企业的,而OPT5000则是面向小型企业的。 (1)TOC软件的应用适合于一些零件种数较少、批量大的产品,而在单件生产车间中发挥的效果不佳。 (2)作好数据的收集工作。 (3)员工培训。 (4)制订新的考核计划。 Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is utilized in this area. CCPM is based on the idea that all projects look like A-plants: all activities converge to a final deliverable. As such, to protect the project, there must be internal buffers to protect synchronization points and a final project buffer to protect the overall project. //CCPM基于类似A类企业(所有活动最后聚集到一起为可交付对象),内部缓冲保护并行的活动,项目缓冲则保护整个项目。
以下是对生产管理方面相关的国际学术期刊进行汇总,分别摘自两位不同学者,在此表示感谢。 国外顶级商学院的标准----A-JOURNAL标准 龚业明 -------------------------------------------------------- (1)A+journal A+期刊(排序有先后,前面的难发) MIS Quarterly Management Science Operations Research Information Systems Research -------------------------------------------------------- (2)A-journal A期刊(排序有先后,前面的难发) INFORMS Journal on computing Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Transportation Science IIE Transactions Production and Operations Management Journal of Management Information Systems Decision Sciences Journal of Operations Management -------------------------------------------------------- (3)B+journal B+期刊(排序有先后,前面的难发) Interfaces Naval Research Logistics Transportation Research Part B-Methodological European Journal of Operational Research International Journal of Production Research Communications of the ACM Decision Support Systems European Journal of Information Systems IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering Information and Management International Journal of Operations and Production Management Annals of Operations Research Computers and Operations Research -------------------------------------------------------- (4)B-journal B期刊(排序无先后) ACM Transactions on Information Systems International Journal of Electronic Commerce Communication Research Computers and Industrial Engineering Database IEEE Transactions Systems, Man and Cybernetics B: Cybermatics IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics A; systems and humans Information Processing and Management Information Systems Journal Information Systems Management International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems International Journal of Human-Computer Studies International Journal of Information Management International Journal of Logistics Management International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management International Journal of Project Management International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management International Journal of Technology Management International Transactions in Operational Research Journal of Air Transport management Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Journal of Business Logistics Journal of Engineering and Technology Management Journal of Global Information Management Journal of Information Management Journal of Information Technology Journal of Intelligent Information Systems Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing Journal of Manufacturing Systems Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management (formerly European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management) Journal of Scheduling Journal of Strategic Information Systems Journal of Supply Chain Management Journal of Systems and Software Journal of the Operational Research Society Mathematical Methods of Operations Research (formerly Zeitschrift fr Operations Research) Networks (Wiley) OR Spectrum Omega Operations Research Letters Production Planning and Control Production and Inventory Management Journal Project Management Journal Quality Management Journal Supply Chain Management Total Quality Management and Business Excellence (formerly Total Quality Management ) Transport Reviews Transportation Transportation Journal Transportation Research D-Transport and Environment Transportation Research Part A , Policy and Practice Transportation Research. Part E, The Logistics and Transportation Review SCI收录标准期刊 万跃华 SCI、SSCI均收录运筹学与管理科学期刊,截至到2008年10月SCI收录运筹学与管理科学学科期刊68种,SCI、SSCI共同收录运筹学与管理科学期刊 11种, 其中出版地为美国的运筹学与管理科学期刊20种、英国19种、荷兰17、德国4种、瑞士、新加坡各2种、中国、加拿大、西班牙各1种。 2005-2008 年 10 月 31 日 SCI 共收录至少有一位中国作者(不包括台湾)的论文353572篇,其中运筹学与管理科学学科论文2317篇(0.64845%),2008年794篇(0.8306 %),2007年603篇(0.6360 %),2006年489篇(0.5684 %),2005年431篇(0.5588 %)。 2317 篇论文包括学术论文 2069 篇、会议论文 163 篇、社论 48 篇、评论 23 篇、更正 11 篇。 2005-2008年10月中国研究论文主要发表在以下几种SCI收录的运筹学与管理科学期刊上:中国的JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS《系统工程与电子技术》发文最多为269篇,EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 《欧洲运筹学杂志》233篇,JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 《优选法理论与应用杂志》117篇,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 《国际生产研究杂志》144篇,EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 《专家系统及其应用》110篇,JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION《全局最优化杂志》97篇, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 《国际生产经济学杂志》91篇, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE 《国际系统科学杂志》88篇,JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION 《工业与管理最优化杂志》84篇,COMPUTERS OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《计算机与运筹学研究》64篇。 主要研究单位有香港理工大学(HONG KONG POLYTECH UNIV)317篇,香港城市大学(CITY UNIV HONG KONG)176篇,香港科技大学(HONG KONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)158篇,中国科学院(CHINESE ACAD SCI)154篇,香港大学(UNIV HONG KONG)145篇,香港中文大学(CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG)144篇,清华大学(TSINGHUA UNIV)124篇,上海交通大学(SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV)101篇,哈尔滨工业大学(HARBIN INST TECHNOL)68篇,华中科技大学(HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)57篇,西安交通大学(XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV)53篇,中国科学技术大学(UNIV SCI TECHNOL CHINA)50篇,浙江大学(ZHEJIANG UNIV)41篇。 2008 年 SCI 收录运筹学与管理科学期刊 68 种( 注: ★为SCI、SSCI共同收录期刊)如下: 1. 4OR-A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《4OR :运筹学季刊》德国 Quarterly ISSN: 1619-4500 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, D-69121 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《运筹学纪事》瑞士 Bimonthly ISSN: 0254-5330 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 3. APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY 《商业与工业应用随机模型》英国 Quarterly ISSN: 1524-1904 JOHN WILEY SONS LTD, THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND, W SUSSEX, PO19 8SQ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 4. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 《亚太运筹学杂志》新加坡 Quarterly ISSN: 0217-5959 WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, 596224 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 5. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《中欧运筹学杂志》德国 Quarterly ISSN: 1435-246X SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 6. COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS 《计算优化及其应用》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0926-6003 SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 7. COMPUTERS OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《计算机与运筹学研究》英国 Monthly ISSN: 0305-0548 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 8. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 《并行工程:研究与应用》英国 Quarterly ISSN: 1063-293X SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND, EC1Y 1SP 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 9. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 《决策支持系统》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0167-9236 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 10. DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 《离散活动动态系统:理论与应用》荷兰 Quarterly ISSN: 0924-6703 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 11. DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION 《离散优化》荷兰 Quarterly ISSN: 1572-5286 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 12. ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION 《工程优选》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0305-215X TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 13. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 《欧洲运筹学杂志》荷兰 Semimonthly ISSN: 0377-2217 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 14. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 《专家系统及其应用》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0957-4174 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 15. IIE TRANSACTIONS 《工业工程师协会汇刊》美国 Monthly ISSN: 0740-817X TAYLOR FRANCIS INC, 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, USA, PA, 19106 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 16. INFOR 《信息系统与运筹学研究》加拿大 Quarterly ISSN: 0315-5986 INFOR, UNIV TORONTO PRESS, JOURNALS DEPT,5201 DUFFERIN ST, TORONTO, CANADA, ON, M3H 5T8 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 17. INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING 《 美国运筹学与管理学会计算杂志 》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 1091-9856 INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 18. INTERFACES 《相互关系》美国 ★ Bimonthly ISSN: 0092-2102 INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 《国际计算机集成制造杂志》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0951-192X TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 20. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 《国际柔性制造系统杂志》荷兰 Quarterly ISSN: 0920-6299 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 21. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DECISION MAKING 《国际信息技术与决策杂志》新加坡 Quarterly ISSN: 0219-6220 WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, 596224 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 22. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 《国际生产经济学杂志》荷兰 Semimonthly ISSN: 0925-5273 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 23. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 《国际生产研究杂志》英国 Semimonthly ISSN: 0020-7543 TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 24. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE 《国际系统科学杂志》英国 Monthly ISSN: 0020-7721 TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 25. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 《国际技术管理杂志》瑞士 ★ Bimonthly ISSN: 0267-5730 INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD, WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, CH-1215 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 26. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION 《全局最优化杂志》荷兰 Bimonthly ISSN: 0925-5001 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 27. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION 《工业与管理最优化杂志》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 1547-5816 AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, USA, MO, 65801-2604 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 28. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 《制造系统杂志》美国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0278-6125 SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS, ONE SME DRIVE, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, USA, MI, 48121-0930 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 29. JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 《经营管理杂志》荷兰 ★ Bimonthly ISSN: 0272-6963 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 30. JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 《优选法理论与应用杂志》美国 Monthly ISSN: 0022-3239 SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 31. JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY 《质量技术杂志》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 0022-4065 AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC, 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, USA, WI, 53203 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 32. JOURNAL OF SCHEDULING 《调度杂志》荷兰 Bimonthly ISSN: 1094-6136 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 33. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS 《系统工程与电子技术》中国 Quarterly ISSN: 1004-4132 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS, EDITORIAL DEPT, PO BOX 142-32, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, 100854 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 34. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 《系统科学与系统工程杂志》德国 Quarterly ISSN: 1004-3756 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, D-69121 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 35. JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY 《英国运筹学会志》英国 ★ Monthly ISSN: 0160-5682 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD, BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, ENGLAND, HANTS, RG21 6XS 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 3. Social Sciences Citation Index 36. JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY OF JAPAN 《日本运筹学学会刊》英国 Quarterly ISSN: 0453-4514 ELSEVIER SCI LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OXON, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 37. MSOM-MANUFACTURING SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 《制造业与服务业的经营管理》美国 ★ Quarterly ISSN: 1523-4614 INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 38. MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 《管理科学》美国 ★ Monthly ISSN: 0025-1909 INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 39. MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《运筹学研究中的数学方法》德国 Bimonthly ISSN: 1432-2994 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, D-69121 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 40. MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING 《数学规划》美国 Monthly ISSN: 0025-5610 SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 41. MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《运筹学数学》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 0364-765X INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 42. MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《军事运筹学研究》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 0275-5823 MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC, 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, USA, VA, 22311-1717 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 43. NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS 《海军物流研究》美国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0894-069X JOHN WILEY SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, USA, NJ, 07030 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 44. NETWORKS 《网络》美国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0028-3045 JOHN WILEY SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, USA, NJ, 07030 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 45. NETWORKS SPATIAL ECONOMICS 《网络和空间经济》荷兰 Quarterly ISSN: 1566-113X SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 46. OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 《国际管理科学杂志》英国 ★ Bimonthly ISSN: 0305-0483 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 47. OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《运筹学研究》美国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0030-364X INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 48. OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS 《运筹学研究快报》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0167-6377 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 49. OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS METHODS 《最优控制应用与方法》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0143-2087 JOHN WILEY SONS LTD, THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND, W SUSSEX, PO19 8SQ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 50. OPTIMIZATION 《最优化》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0233-1934 TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 51. OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING 《最优化与工程学》荷兰 Quarterly ISSN: 1389-4420 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 52. OPTIMIZATION METHODS SOFTWARE 《最优化方法与软件》英国 Quarterly ISSN: 1055-6788 TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 53. OR SPECTRUM 《运筹学研究概览》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 0171-6468 SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 54. PROBABILITY IN THE ENGINEERING AND INFORMATIONAL SCIENCES 《工程与信息科学中的概率》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 0269-9648 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013-2473 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 55. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 《生产与运营管理》美国 Quarterly ISSN: 1059-1478 PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SOC, UNIV BALTIMORE, 1420 CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, USA, MD, 21201 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 56. PRODUCTION PLANNING CONTROL 《生产规划与管理》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0953-7287 TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, ENGLAND, OXON, OX14 4RN 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 57. QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL 《国际质量与可靠性工程》英国 Bimonthly ISSN: 0748-8017 JOHN WILEY SONS LTD, THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, ENGLAND, W SUSSEX, PO19 8SQ 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 58. QUEUEING SYSTEMS 《排队系统》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0257-0130 SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 59. RAIRO-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 《法国自动化、信息与运筹学 : 运筹学研究》法国 Quarterly ISSN: 0399-0559 EDP SCIENCES S A, 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE, F-91944 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 60. RELIABILITY ENGINEERING SYSTEM SAFETY 《可靠性工程与系统安全》英国 Monthly ISSN: 0951-8320 ELSEVIER SCI LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OXON, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 61. SAFETY SCIENCE 《安全科学》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0925-7535 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 62. SORT-STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH TRANSACTIONS 《统计与运筹学研究汇刊》西班牙 Semiannual ISSN: 1696-2281 INST ESTADISTICA CATALUNYA-IDESCAT, VIA LAIETANA 58, BARCELONA, SPAIN, 08003 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 63. SYSTEMS CONTROL LETTERS 《系统与控制快报》荷兰 Monthly ISSN: 0167-6911 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 64. TECHNOVATION 《技术创新》荷兰 ★ Monthly ISSN: 0166-4972 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV , PO BOX 211, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 1000 AE 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 65. TOP 《论题》美国 Semiannual (注:该刊的副标题为西班牙统计与运筹学研究会会刊物) ISSN: 1134-5764 SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10013 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 66. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL 《运输研究B 辑:方法》 英国 ★ Monthly ISSN: 0191-2615 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 3. Social Sciences Citation Index 67. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW 《运输研究E 辑:物流与运输评论》英国 ★ Bimonthly ISSN: 1366-5545 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND, OX5 1GB 1. Science Citation Index Expanded 2. Social Sciences Citation Index 68. TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE 《运输科学》美国 ★ Quarterly ISSN: 0041-1655 INFORMS, 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, USA, MD, 21076-1344 1. Science Citation Index 2. Science Citation Index Expanded 3. Social Sciences Citation Index