例 1 Nests were observed frequently for signs of predation. “Frequently” 不精确。多少算频繁？应以具体数据表示，如 “every 12 hours” 或 “at 6 am and at 6 pm” . 类如 “every 12 hours”的 详细数据远比定性类的词语 “frequently” 清楚得多。 因此，例 1 可修改为： Nests were observed every 12 hours for sings predation. 例 2 The carbonate layer was prepared with sodium carbonate. “ with” 是一个模糊的表达方式，它是英语中最不明确、最容易引起歧义的单词之一。因为 “ with” 的含义太多，所以应该尽量选择更明确的词，不然读者就不得不去猜测其中的含义。需要注意的是， “ with” 有一些约定俗成的用法，如在 “ I went to school with Brian” 中表示 “ 在一起 ” ，另一个标准用法如在 “ We washed the dishes with soap” 中表示 “ 采用某种方法 ” 。 “ with” 还用于表示属性，如 “ patients with diabetes” 。另外， “ with” 与某些动词是固定搭配，如 “ compared with” 。如果在科技论文中经常使用 “ with” ，而不是那些更加准确的词，就会使读者感到迷惑。该例句中，用 “ using” 或 “ in the presence of” 替代 “ with” 会准确得多。 综上，可将例 2 修改为： The carbonate layer was prepared using sodium carbonate. 或： The carbonate layer was prepared in the presence of sodium carbonate. 练习：找 出下面例句中不准确的表达，并以准确的词替代。 1. In general, retinal explants treated with 0.5pg/mlBSA exhibited increased growth rates compared with retinal explants treated with 0.5ug/mlBSA. 2. We field ionized those atoms not ionized by the HCP and detected the electrons produced with the rapidly rising field ionization pulse shown in Fig.2B. 3. Briefly, cells were incubated with Mytomycin C for 3.5 hours, harvested with trypsin, and frozen in aliquots. 4. The current was dramatically affected when temperature was increased. 5. A second calculated transition state that places the water molecule above the TFA ring is higher in energy than the first transition state. 6. The band showing vibrational splitting of 192/cm in Ne with the most intense peak at 444nm can be identified with the A→X transition of the dimer Ag2. 7. We studied the performance of different functionals with the size of the cluster. 8. The afterglow of the blast wave was markedly brighter than we expected. 9. To determine the molecular events that ensue from this initial epithelial cell contact, we performed an analysis of proteins recruited to lipid rafts generated during a rapid infection with P. aeruginosa . 10. It is also possible that, due to the high expression levels of MVP in airway cells, the residual MVP present after siRNA treatment was sufficient for these other signaling and response pathways. 参考答案 1. In general, retinal explants treated with 0.5 pg/ml BSA exhibited growth rates compared with retinal explants treated with 0.5 μg/ml BSA. 2. We field ionized those atoms not ionized by the HCP and detected the electrons produced the rapidly rising field ionization pulse shown in Fig. 2B. 3. Briefly, cells were incubated with Mytomycin C for 3.5 hours, centrifuged , harvested with trypsin , and frozen in aliquots . 4. The current was when temperature was increased. 5. A second calculated transition state that places the water molecule above the TFA ring is higher in energy than the first transition state. 6. The band showing vibrational splitting of 192/cm in Ne the most intense peak at 444 nm can be identified the A- X transition of the dimer Ag 2 . 7. We studied the performance of different functionals the size of the cluster. 8. The afterglow of the blast wave was brighter than we expected. 9. To determine the molecular events that ensue from this initial epithelial cell contact, we performed an analysis of proteins recruited to lipid rafts generated during of infection with P. aeruginosa . 10. It is also possible that, due to the high expression levels of MVP in airway cells, the residual MVP present after siRNA treatment was sufficient for these other signaling and response pathways. 摘编自《科技写作与交流》 ( 任胜利 等 译 . 科学出版社 , 2012 年8月出版 ) 相关信息： 新书出炉：科技写作与交流 -- 期刊论文、基金申请书及会议讲演
合理群体结构的人工调节，关键是要强调系统生态性，既要考虑多因素影响的系统性，同时也要考虑单一或复合措施应用对生态系统的影响。 作物群体是有生命的，其各组成部分的有机结合才能真正地实现群体结构的调节。首先应培育出高光效的作物品种；其次在栽培管理措施方面，如在密度、肥水、耕作、植株调整、 CO 2 施肥、土壤物理性状改造等方面进行调控，在改善植株生长供应能力的基础上，促使作物群体在形成良好结构的同时，具有较高的光合转化效率；再者可通过间作套种等，提高系统光能的利用和转化数量和效率，甚至可以在农田内引入农业动物，改善植株群体的通风透光性能，如在玉米田内进行养鹅等。群体结构的人工调节是一项系统工程，其单一调节措施的应用必须要考虑该措施的应用带来的其他利弊，综合措施的应用才能形成强大而合理的生产体系，达到高产优质高效的生产目的。
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