Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion Ion and Hall Thrusters 内容提要： 本书主要介绍了离子推力器和霍尔推力器的主要基本理论及其在空间推进中的应用。大致内容分为以下几个部分：一、介绍了电推进技术的背景，原理以及相关等离子物理的基础知识；二、介绍了离子推力器中等离子体产生机制、加速机制、栅极系统以及空心阴极等主要结构和组成等；三、介绍了霍尔推力器的基本原理、性能以及物理测试模型等。最后还介绍了离子推力器和霍尔推力器羽流的基本特性及其飞行测试状况。 书籍下载（五个压缩包）： Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5
离子推进卫星提高地球与火星间通信能力 地球和火星之间的直接通信会被太阳强烈干扰甚至封锁，每次持续数周，中断人类未来造访火星的任务。来自欧空局和英国的工程师们可能已经找到了解决方案采用新型轨道与连续离子动力推进相结合的方式。 欧洲研究人员研究了影响未来人类火星任务可能出现的关键问题的解决方案：如何确保无线电通信的稳定性，即使在火星和地球直线位于太阳两侧，所有的地面对火星任务控制信号都被封锁的情况下。这种情况被称为交合（conjunction），每780天出现一次。 火星通信问题的解决方案是在火星附近特定的轨道（B-orbit）上放置两颗通信中继卫星。然而，为使卫星不受重力影响保持在原位，他们将安装先进的电离子推进器。 离子推进由太阳光提供动力，以微量的氙气作为推进剂，将使卫星停留在地球和火星的轨道之间。卫星就能够在交合期间中继火星与地球之间的无线电信号，确保在火星的宇航员和地球的联系。 （中国航天工程咨询中心 侯丹 陈菲） New Concept May Enhance Earth-Mars Communication http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091016094030.htm ScienceDaily (Oct. 16, 2009) Direct communication between Earth and Mars can be strongly disturbed and even blocked by the Sun for weeks at a time, cutting off any future human mission to the Red Planet. An ESA engineer working with engineers in the UK may have found a solution using a new type of orbit combined with continuous-thrust ion propulsion. The European researchers studied a possible solution to a crucial problem affecting future human missions to Mars: how to ensure reliable radio communication even when Mars and Earth line up at opposite sides of the Sun, which then blocks any signal between mission controllers on Earth and astronauts on the red surface. The natural alignment, known as a conjunction, happens approximately every 780 days, and would seriously degrade and even block transmission of voice, data and video signals. The research findings were released this week at the 60th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), the world's biggest space event, being held in Daejeon, South Korea. This new solution is one result of a 100 000 study funded by ESA's General Studies Programme to catalogue non-traditional orbital zones throughout the Solar System that could be exploited thanks to emerging propulsion technologies. According to the paper, Non-Keplerian Orbits Using Low Thrust, High ISP Propulsion Systems, an innovative solution to the Mars communication problem may be found by placing a pair of communication relay satellites into a very special type of orbit near Mars: a so-called 'B-orbit' (in contrast to an 'A-orbit', based on natural orbital laws). However, to counter the effects of gravity and remain in place, they would have to be equipped with cutting-edge electric ion propulsion. The ion thrusters, powered by solar electricity and using tiny amounts of xenon gas as propellant, would hold the satellites in a B-orbit in full view of both Mars and Earth. The satellites could then relay radio signals throughout the MarsEarth conjunction season, ensuring that astronauts at Mars were never out of touch with Earth.
http://www.spacechina.com/zxyzx_gjht_Details.shtml?recno=61482 美国Aerojet公司与日本NEC公司宣布，将联合探究低功率离子推进系统用于美日宇航市场的可行性。 由于具有更高的燃料效率，离子推进系统能够用作地球同步卫星的推进系统和深空任务。日本宇宙航空研发机构（JAXA）与NEC已联合研制了一台低功率微波离子发动机，它利用微波产生离子，具有寿命长和任务可靠性高的特征。 NEC的微波离子发动机目前正在执行JAXA的HAYABUSA小行星探测与研究任务。该任务已在太空运行超过30000小时，验证了离子发动机的坚固和可靠性。Aerojet的电子推进产品目前应用于150多颗运行卫星上。 （陈菲 曲佳） http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Aerojet_And_NEC_To_Develop_Ion_Propulsion_Systems_For_Satellites_999.html Aerojet And NEC To Develop Ion Propulsion Systems For Satellites Aerojet's electric propulsion products are currently flying on more than 150 operational satellites and span a broad range of electric propulsion products. by Staff Writers Sacramento CA (SPX) Aug 05, 2009 Aerojet and NEC Corporation have announced that the companies will jointly explore the feasibility of jointly supplying low power ion propulsion systems for the U.S. and Japanese aerospace markets. Ion propulsion systems can be used for geosynchronous satellite propulsion systems and deep space missions providing significant advantages over traditional chemical propulsion systems due to the higher fuel efficiency. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and NEC have jointly developed a low power Microwave Ion Engine that uses microwaves for ion generation, enabling long life and high mission reliability. NEC's Microwave Ion Engine is currently flying on JAXA's HAYABUSA asteroid rendezvous and study mission, and has proven to be robust and reliable, with more than 30,000 hours of in-space operation. Aerojet is a leading supplier of satellite propulsion systems in the United States and has broad experience and technical capabilities with satellite propulsion systems, said Kunio Kondo, senior general manager, Aerospace and Defense Operations Unit, NEC Corporation. Collaborating with Aerojet will help NEC to expand its low power Microwave Ion Engine business in the U. S. market. Aerojet's electric propulsion products are currently flying on more than 150 operational satellites and span a broad range of electric propulsion products. Dr. Roger Myers, general manager of Aerojet's Redmond operations, states that the low power Microwave Ion Engine from NEC provides an excellent complement to Aerojet's broad electric propulsion product offerings. 小知识：微波离子推进简介 离子推进又称为微波电子回旋共振离子推力器，是一种基于微波电子回旋共振放电技术的新式静电型离子推力器，该推力器具有无电极烧蚀、寿命长、比冲高、可靠性高等优点，适用于深空探测等长航时空间飞行任务。
标签: 离子推力器
