Stanford students raped a woman, The judge rapes the law 名叫 Brock Allen Turner 的斯坦福学生强奸了一个女性。名叫 Aaron Perksy 的法官判他入狱 6 个月且缓期执行。我感觉 AaronPerksy 不但强奸了法律，而且意念上强奸了世界上所有女性，同时强奸了世界上所有人心中的公平和正义。 Brock Allen Turner 当时在开放场所强奸当时无意识的女性，很可能这位女性当时服用了迷奸药物，比如 ketamine ，这种药物会使当时发生的记忆完全抹除。如果不是有目击者，受到伤害的女性很难自己指正罪犯。这是情节严重的违反他人意愿和自由的强奸！不是诱奸或者暧昧不清的性关系。 出于对自己儿子的爱， Brock Allen Turner 的父亲尝试去减轻罪行，当时我很想提醒这位父亲，他儿子心中的规则和正义也被他父亲自己毁灭了。他儿子一辈子都在期待一个公平的惩罚来获得救赎，可是这位父亲剥夺了这个，只给了自己儿子伴随一生的强奸犯的标签。 -------------------------------- 下文转载来自于 http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/02/stanford-swimmer-sexual-assault-brock-allen-turner-palo-alto Ex-Stanford swimmer gets six months in jail and probation for sexual assault Sam Levin in Palo Alto, California A former Stanford University athlete convictedof sexually assaulting an unconscious woman was sentenced to six months incounty jail and probation in a case that has shed light on what advocates sayis an epidemic of violence on college campuses. Brock Allen Turner, a 20-year-old swimmer whodropped out of the elite California university last year, appeared stoic incourt in Palo Alto on Thursday, two months after a jury convicted him of multiple felonies , includingassault with intent to rape an intoxicated woman. The 23-year-old victim delivered an emotionalspeech at the hearing, decrying rape culture and asking that the judge send astrong message about the severity of Brock’s attack on her. Stanfordsexual assault case: victim impact statement in full Read more “We cannot forgive everyone’s first sexualassault … The seriousness of rape has to be communicated clearly. We should notcreate a culture that suggests we learn that rape is wrong through trial anderror.” Turner, who is from Dayton, Ohio, was arrestedon the Palo Alto campus on 18 January 2015 after two Stanford graduate studentsspotted him lying on top of the victim outside of a Kappa Alpha party behind adumpster. When officers arrived, the woman, who is not a Stanford student, was“completely unresponsive” and partially clothed, with a blood-alcohol levelthree times the legal limit, according to police. The two witnesses who were biking past thatevening said they saw Turner “thrusting” on topof the motionless woman and that they intervened and held him until policeshowed up. Turner, who had a blood-alcohol level that wastwice the legal limit, testified in court that he could walk andtalk at the time and acknowledged that the victim was “very drunk”. He claimedthat he did not intend to rape the woman and that the encounter was consensual. ‘20minutes of action’: father defends Stanford student son convicted of sexualassault Read more The victim, who gave emotional testimony during the trial,regained consciousness at a hospital more than three hours after the assaultand told police she had no memory of the attack. After a jury convicted Turner of sexuallypenetrating an intoxicated and unconscious person with a foreign object,prosecutors asked a judge to sentence him to six years in California prison . Probationofficials had recommended the significantly lighter penalty of six months incounty jail, according to the San Jose Mercury News . The judge, Aaron Perksy, cited Turner’s ageand lack of criminal history as factors in his decision, saying, “A prisonsentence would have a severe impact on him … I think he will not be a danger toothers.” After the hearing, Santa Clara County districtattorney Jeff Rosen slammed the sentencing, which will likely result in Turnerspending three months behind bars – a fraction of the maximum 14 years he waspotentially facing. “The punishment does not fit the crime.” The high-profile case intensified scrutiny of rapes at UScolleges and comes at a time when national leaders and activists across thecountry have increasingly raised alarms about the culture of sexual violence onuniversity campuses. A recent White House survey found that 10%of female college students experience some form of sexual assault and that only12.5% of rapes are reported. Turner’s case attracted significant attentionin part because criminal prosecutions of campus rape cases are rare . Inrecent years, there have also been growing concerns about the ways in whichuniversities protect athletes accused of sexual assault . Stanford has also faced criticisms for the wayit handles sexual assault cases and punishes offenders ,with students demanding reforms after a senior went public with her story of trying tohold her alleged rapist accountable through the university’s disciplinarysystem. Advertisement In her testimony on Thursday, the victimaddressed Turner directly, outlining the many ways the assault and ensuingtrial traumatized her and her family. “You took away my worth, my privacy, myenergy, my time, my safety, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, untiltoday.” She added, “I am a human being who has beenirreversibly hurt.” The woman also criticized media coverage thathighlighted Turner’s swimming abilities and athletic ambitions. “The fact thatBrock was an athlete at a private university should not be seen as anentitlement to leniency.” Alaleh Kianerci, the prosecutor, criticizedTurner for failing to admit that he sexually assaulted the woman that night. “Has he acknowledged that he actually sexuallyviolated her? I think the answer to that is no.” In his short statement, Turner did not speakabout sexual assault and offered a short apology. “Nobody deserves a single second of what Ihave caused them to go through … I want to express that I’m sorry foreverything.”
这里介绍的是：Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger，由斯坦福自然语言处理研究小组开发 The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml About A Part-Of-Speech Tagger (POS Tagger) is a piece of software that reads text in some language and assigns parts of speech to each word (and other token), such as noun, verb, adjective, etc., although generally computational applications use more fine-grained POS tags like 'noun-plural'. This software is a Java implementation of the log-linear part-of-speech taggers described in these papers (if citing just one paper, cite the 2003 one): Kristina Toutanova and Christopher D. Manning. 2000. Enriching the Knowledge Sources Used in a Maximum Entropy Part-of-Speech Tagger . In Proceedings of the Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora (EMNLP/VLC-2000) , pp. 63-70. Kristina Toutanova, Dan Klein, Christopher Manning, and Yoram Singer. 2003. Feature-Rich Part-of-Speech Tagging with a Cyclic Dependency Network . In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL 2003 , pp. 252-259. The tagger was originally written by Kristina Toutanova. Since that time, Dan Klein, Christopher Manning, William Morgan, Anna Rafferty, Michel Galley, and John Bauer have improved its speed, performance, usability, and support for other languages. The system requires Java 1.6+ to be installed. Depending on whether you're running 32 or 64 bit Java and the complexity of the tagger model, you'll need somewhere between 60 and 200 MB of memory to run a trained tagger (i.e., you may need to give java an option like java -mx200m ). Plenty of memory is needed to train a tagger. It again depends on the complexity of the model but at least 1GB is usually needed, often more. Several downloads are available. The basic download contains two trained tagger models for English. The full download contains three trained English tagger models, an Arabic tagger model, a Chinese tagger model, a French tagger model, and a German tagger model. Both versions include the same source and other required files. The tagger can be retrained on any language, given POS-annotated training text for the language. Part-of-speech name abbreviations: The English taggers use the Penn Treebank tag set. Here are some links to documentation of the Penn Treebank English POS tag set: 1993 Computational Linguistics article in PDF , AMALGAM page , Aoife Cahill's list . See the included README-Models.txt in the models directory for more information about the tagsets for the other languages. The tagger is licensed under the GNU General Public License (v2 or later). Source is included. Source is included. The package includes components for command-line invocation, running as a server, and a Java API. The tagger code is dual licensed (in a similar manner to MySQL, etc.). Open source licensing is under the full GPL, which allows many free uses. For distributors of proprietary software , commercial licensing is available. If you don't need a commercial license, but would like to support maintenance of these tools, we welcome gift funding. Questions For documentation, first take a look at the included README.txt . Matthew Jockers has kindly produced an example and tutorial for running the tagger . This particularly concentrates on command-line usage with XML and (Mac OS X) xGrid. Galal Aly wrote a tagging tutorial focused on usage in Java with Eclipse. For more details, look at our included javadocs, particularly the javadoc for MaxentTagger. There is a brief FAQ . Additional questions, feedback, and bugs/bug-fixes) can be sent to our mailing lists . Mailing Lists We have 3 mailing lists for the Stanford POS Tagger, all of which are shared with other JavaNLP tools (with the exclusion of the parser). Each address is at @lists.stanford.edu : java-nlp-user This is the best list to post to in order to ask questions, make announcements, or for discussion among JavaNLP users. You have to subscribe to be able to use it. Join the list via this webpage or by emailing java-nlp-user-join@lists.stanford.edu . (Leave the subject and message body empty.) You can also look at the list archives . java-nlp-announce This list will be used only to announce new versions of Stanford JavaNLP tools. So it will be very low volume (expect 1-3 message a year). Join the list via via this webpage or by emailing java-nlp-announce-join@lists.stanford.edu . (Leave the subject and message body empty.) java-nlp-support This list goes only to the software maintainers. It's a good address for licensing questions, etc. For general use and support questions, please join and use java-nlp-user . You cannot join java-nlp-support , but you can mail questions to java-nlp-support@lists.stanford.edu . Download Download basic English Stanford Tagger version 3.4 Download full Stanford Tagger version 3.4 The basic download is a 35 MB zipped file with support for tagging English. The full download is a 155 MB zipped file, which includes additional English models and trained models for Arabic, Chinese, French, and German. In both cases most of the file size is due to the trained model files. The only difference between the two downloads is the number of trained models included. If you unpack the tar file, you should have everything needed. This software provides a GUI demo, a command-line interface, and an API. Simple scripts are included to invoke the tagger. For more information on use, see the included README.txt. Extensions: Packages by others using Stanford Tagger Models: An English Twitter POS tagger model is available from Leon Derczynski and others at Sheffield. Ruby: tiendung has written a Ruby Binding for the Stanford POS tagger and Named Entity Recognizer. Python: NLTK (2.0+) contains an interface to the Stanford POS tagger written by Nitin Madnani: documentation (note: set the character encoding or you get ASCII!), code , on Github . F#/C#/.NET: Sergey Tihon has ported the Stanford POS tagger to F# (.NET) , using IKVM. See his blog post . GATE: The GATE team at the University of Sheffield produced a Twitter tagger model and tagged data set compatible with version 3.3.1. XML-RPC: Ali Afshar wrote an XML-RPC service interface to the Stanford POS tagger. PHP: Here are a couple of choices: PHP wrapper by Anthony Gentile ; PHP wrapper by Charles Hayes ( on github ). Release History Version Date Description 3.4 2014-06-16 French model uses CC tagset English / Full 3.3.1 2014-01-04 Bugfix release English / Full 3.3.0 2013-11-12 imperatives included in English model English / Full 3.2.0 2013-06-20 improved speed size of all models English / Full 3.1.5 2013-04-04 ctb7 model, -nthreads option, improved speed English / Full 3.1.4 2012-11-11 Improved Chinese model English / Full 3.1.3 2012-07-09 Minor bug fixes English / Full 3.1.2 2012-05-22 Included some tech words in the latest model English / Full 3.1.1 2012-03-09 Caseless models added for English English / Full 3.1.0 2012-01-06 French tagger added, tagging speed improved English / Full 3.0.4 2011-09-14 Compatible with other recent Stanford releases. English / Full 3.0.3 2011-06-19 Compatible with other recent Stanford releases. English / Full 3.0.2 2011-05-15 Addition of TSV input format. English / Full 3.0.1 2011-04-20 Faster Arabic and German models. Compatible with other recent Stanford releases. English / Full 3.0 2010-05-21 Tagger is now re-entrant. New tagger objects are loaded with tagger = new MaxentTagger(path) and then used with tagger.tagMethod... English / Full 2.0 2009-12-24 An order of magnitude faster, slightly more accurate best model, more options for training and deployment. English / Full 1.6 2008-09-28 A fraction better, a fraction faster, more flexible model specification, and quite a few less bugs. English / Full 1.5.1 2008-06-06 Tagger properties are now saved with the tagger, making taggers more portable; tagger can be trained off of treebank data or tagged text; fixes classpath bugs in 2 June 2008 patch; new foreign language taggers released on 7 July 2008 and packaged with 1.5.1. English / Full / Updated models 1.5 2008-05-21 Added taggers for several languages, support for reading from and writing to XML, better support for changing the encoding, distributional similarity options, and many more small changes; patched on 2 June 2008 to fix a bug with tagging pre-tokenized text. English / Full 1.0 2006-01-10 First cleaned-up release after Kristina graduated. Old School 0.1 2004-08-16 First release. Local links: NLP lunch · PAIL lunch · NLP Reading Group · JavaNLP ( javadocs ) · machines · Wiki · GDrive · Calendar Site design by Bill MacCartney
美国第一夫人米歇 尔 . 奥巴马在 北大 演讲英文全 文 Remarks by the First Lady at Stanford Center at Peking University The White House Office of the First Lady http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/03/22/remarks-first-lady-stanford-center-peking-university Beijing, China MRS. OBAMA: (Applause.) Thank you. Well, ni-hao. (Laughter.) It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me. Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search. And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time. Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus; President Wang; Chairman Zhu; Vice President Li; Director Cueller; Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center; President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai; and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University. Thank you all for joining us. But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today. And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction. That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today. See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr. Schafer and Ms. Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more. And I’m here today becauseI know that our future depends on connections like these among young peoplelike you across the globe. That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state. We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders -- they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people. So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy. Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before. Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button. Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe. And we can text, email,Skype with people on every continent. So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester; it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy. Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important. It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –- experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own. Or, as the Chinese saying goes: “It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.” But let’s be clear,studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future. It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we alls hare. Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time -–whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons -- these are shared challenges. And no one country can confront them alone. The only way forward is together. That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation. You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us. That’s how you come to understand how much we all share. That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success -- that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit. And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more. That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University. She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries. And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship -- Scholar in the U.S. last year, and he reported -- and this is a quote from him -- he said, “The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.” These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad. And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity. As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S. are from China. But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it. They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities. Or they may think to themselves, well,that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college. See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad --never. My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family. And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school,paying for plane tickets or living expenses half way around the world just isn’t possible. And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds. Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships. So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong. And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world. And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China. And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S. government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world. We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese. We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools. We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S. And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni. And the private sector is stepping up as well. For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship. And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China. Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio. She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai. Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student. And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family. And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said -- and this is her quote -- she said, “This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.” And happy birthday, Royale. It was her birthday yesterday. (Laughter.) And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S. as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child. And of his experience studying in China, he said, “Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.” “A new era of citizen diplomacy.” I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about. I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world. And as I always tell young people back in America, youdon’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat. I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent. And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit. And that’s really the power of technology –- how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined. And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth. That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world. And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best–- by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves. And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process. My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens. And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world. Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard. And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights -- they are universal rights that are the birth right of every person on this planet. We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States. And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values. So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet. And as the great American President John F. Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said “I think they teach more than they learn.” And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad. All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world -- you truly are. Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering beliefi n the future. And every day, you remind us -- and me in particular -- of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve. So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences. And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come. You all have so much to offer, and I cannot wait to see all that you achieve together in the years ahead. Thank you so much. Xie-Xie. (Applause.) END 11:48 A.M. CST
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth to be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduate student, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking : ”We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we design it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something- your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a 2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me- I still loved what I did. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film. Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that l loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle. My third story is about death. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like:”If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself:”if today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment of failure- these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes. I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreas cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now. This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of life. It is life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true. Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma- which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the whole earth catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from her in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid 1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words:”Stay hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Thank you all very much.
标签: Stanford
