9 年前的热统报告 6 结语 : “ 除了热二律什么也没讲 !” 作者 : 王季陶 2002 年我的英文专著的最后一句话 : “To summarize this book in one sentence, the book is devoted to the development of the second law of thermodynamics and promote the understanding of the second law of thermodynamics to the deepest level, which had never been reached before.” 这次的报告也是一样 : 除了热力学第二定律以外 , 我什么也没有讲 ! 其他内容就点击所附录音文件 ( 约 3 分半钟 ): RT03-6a.MP3
现代热力学2a --- 新书简介(英文国内版, 英文的国际版在印) 英文版新书的中文简介 现代热力学 基于扩展卡诺定理 ( 英文版 ) 一书展示了一个完整的热力学学科的现代分类系统 , 它在本质上不同于以往在 19 世纪及 20 世纪的所有热力学书籍的分类系统 . 在这一分类系统中包含了一个全新的非耗散热力学和相对应的耗散热力学 , 而它们都是适用于复杂体系 , 即包含非自发过程和自发过程之间的克劳修斯 补偿 ( 或称热力学耦合 ) 的体系 . 扩展卡诺定理 , 昂萨格倒易关系的近似性 , 普利高京对热力学耦合的疏忽 , 螺旋反应 循环反应和化学振荡的本质 , 克拉珍宝级人造金刚石的现代热力学等专题都在书中进行了讨论 . 本书的对象是自然科学和工程领域 , 如物理 , 化学 , 材料和生命科学等的研究人员 , 教师 , 研究生和本科生 . 本书的对象还可以是从事宏观发展科学领域工作的社会科学和哲学研究人员 , 教师 , 研究生和本科生 . 作者: 王季陶 是上海复旦大学在化学 , 物理 , 材料科学 , 电子工程和微电子学领域工作的退休教授 . 他在最近的 20 年中发表了一系列的现代热力学学术论文和多本的热力学系列专著 . ----- Introduction to a New Book Modern thermodynamics Based on the Extended Carnot Theorem Modern Thermodynamics - Based on the Extended Carnot Theorem provided a complete modern classification of thermodynamics, which is substantially different from that in all books on thermodynamics in the 19th and 20th century and includes a new field of nondissipative thermodynamics together with dissipative thermodynamics for complex systems with Clausius compensation (or called thermodynamic coupling) between nonspontaneous process(es) and simultaneous spontaneous process(es). The Extended Carnot Theorem, the Approximation of Onsager Reciprocal Relation, and Prigogines Carefulness on Thermodynamics Coupling, Spiral Reactions the Nature of Cyclical Reactions and Chemical Oscillations, Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, Modern Thermodynamics for Carat-size Gem-quality Synthetic Diaminds, and so on are discussed. The book is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students and undergraduate students in natural sciences and engineering, such as physics, chemistry, materials and life sciences, and even for those in social sciences and philosophy on macroscopic sciences of development. Author: Ji-Tao Wang is a Professor Emeritus of Fudan University, Shanghai, China on chemistry, physics, materials sciences, electronic engineering and microelectronics, who had published a series of papers and books on modern thermodynamics in the last 20 years. ==== CONTENTS Preface 1 An Outline of Modern Thermodynamics, p.1 1.1 Challenges to the Second Law of Thermodynamics Coming from Two Sides, p.1 1.2 Root of Puzzlement: Carnot Theorem, p.3 1.3 Uncertainty or Incompleteness of Clausius Inequality, p.4 1.4 Classification of Thermodynamics in the Current 21st Century, p.7 1.5 Typical Case of Nondissipative Thermodynamics: Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.8 1.6 Typical Case of Dissipative Thermodynamics: Spiral Reactions, p.10 1.7 Out-of-Thermodynamics Assumption for Reciprocal Relations, p.11 1.8 Out-of-Thermodynamics Model for Dissipative Structures, p.12 1.9 Dissipation Decrease Theorem, p.13 1.10 Some Fundamental Concepts and Definitions, p.14 1.11 Conclusion of this Outline, p.16 References, p.17 2 Brief Histories of Thermodynamics, p.19 2.1 Ancient Knowledge on Heat, p.19 2.2 Carnot Theorem, p.20 2.3 The Nature of Heat, p.25 2.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics, p.27 2.5 Absolute Scale of Temperature, p.30 2.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics, p.31 2.7 Entropy and Entropy Increase Principle, p.34 2.8 Macroscopic Rules for Collective Motion of a Large Amount of Particles, p.37 2.9 Development and Limitation of Classical Thermodynamics, p.41 2.10 Exploration of Modern Thermodynamics in the 20th Century, p.46 References, p.51 3 Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, p.53 3.1 Some Fundamental Concepts in Classical Thermodynamics, p.53 3.2 Mathematical Expressions of Basic Laws of Thermodynamics, p.57 3.3 Classical Equilibrium Thermodynamics, p.63 3.4 Classical Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, p.68 3.5 Criterion of Equilibrium, p.69 3.6 Calculation of Entropy Changes, p.71 3.7 Relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and T or p, p.78 3.8 Relationship between Chemical Potential and T or p, p.80 3.9 Gibbs Free Energy Changes of Chemical Reactions, p.84 References, p.87 4 Fundamentals of Modern Thermodynamics, p.89 4.1 Introduction, p.89 4.2 General Mathematical Expressions of Basic Laws, p.90 4.3 Local Equilibrium Approximation, p.94 4.4 Calculations of Entropy Productions, p.96 4.5 Thermodynamic Coupling of Modern Thermodynamics, p.102 4.6 Schr dinger's ``Negative Entropy Conjecture, p.112 4.7 Chemiosmotic Coupling Theory for ATP Biosynthesis, p.114 4.8 Classical and Traditional Classifications of Thermodynamics, p.117 4.9 Modern Classification of Thermodynamics, p.121 4.10 Extended Carnot Theorem, p.124 4.11 Dissipation (or Entropy Production) Decrease Theorem, p.126 References, p.127 5 Dissipative Thermodynamics, p.130 5.1 Dissipative Thermodynamics, p.130 5.2 Linear Dissipative Thermodynamics and Onsager Reciprocal Relations, p.133 5.3 Cyclical Reactions, p.135 5.4 Entropy Production Minimization Principle, p.138 5.5 Approximation of Onsager Reciprocal Relations, p.140 5.6 Nonlinear Dissipative Thermodynamics and Prigogine Dissipative Structures, p.142 5.7 B rnard Pattern, p.143 5.8 Laser Emission, p.145 5.9 Chemical Oscillation and ``Brusselator, p.146 5.10 Turing Structures and Propagating Waves, p.148 5.11 Kinetic Model and Prigogine's Carelessness on Thermodynamic Coupling, p.152 5.12 Thermodynamic Coupling Model of Spiral Reactions, p.153 References, p.157 6 Thermodynamics Coupling Model for Activated Low-Pressure Diamond Growth, p.159 6.1 High-Pressure Diamond Syntheses, p.159 6.2 Activated Low-Pressure Diamond Growth from the Vapor Phase, p.162 6.3 Preferential Etching Kinetic Model of SAH, p.168 6.4 Some Thermodynamic Models of the 1980s, p.170 6.5 Thermodynamic Coupling Model, p.177 6.6 Mechanism of Thermodynamic Coupling in Low-Pressure Diamond Growth, p.179 6.7 Other Thermodynamic Models in 1990s for Low-Pressure Diamond Growth, p.183 6.8 ``Nanothermodynamics Model in 2005, p.189 References, p.190 7 Nondissipative Thermodynamics and Binary Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.193 7.1 An ABC in Mathematics, p.193 7.2 The Nature of CALPHAD, p.197 7.3 Nondissipative Thermodynamics and Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.199 7.4 Thermodynamic Data of Activated Graphite, p.201 7.5 Calculation Principle of Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.205 7.6 Calculation Method of Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.207 7.7 T - X Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H System, p.210 7.8 T - p - X Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H and C--O Systems, p.214 7.9 T - X Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--(H+O) Systems, p.216 7.10 Gas Composition Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H Systems, p.218 7.11 Influences of Gas Composition on Orientation of Crystal Growth, p.220 References, p.222 8 Nondissipative Thermodynamics and Ternary Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.226 8.1 Bachmann's Empirical Phase Diagram, p.226 8.2 Projective Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H--O Systems, p.228 8.3 Influences of T and p on Projective Phase Diagrams for C--H--O Systems, p.232 8.4 Marinelli's Critical Experimental Phase Diagram, p.234 8.5 Cross-Section Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H--O Systems, p.235 8.6 Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for C--H--X Systems, p.237 8.7 Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams for Low-Pressure cBN Syntheses, p.238 8.8 Evaluations and Brief Summary on Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams, p.243 References, p.244 9 Carat-Size Low-Pressure Diamonds and Other Thermodynamic Issues, p.247 9.1 Carat-Size Gem-Quality Low-Pressure Diamond Growth, p.247 9.2 Fluctuation of Equilibrium States and Stationary Nonequilibrium States , p.255 9.3 Some Discussions on Classification of Thermodynamics, p.256 9.4 What is ``Thermodynamics and What is ``the Second Law of Thermodynamics, p.260 9.5 Thermodynamic Weakness of Physicists --- Complex Systems, p.262 9.6 About ``Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Small Systems, p.269 9.7 Conclusion of this Book, p.270 References, p.270 Index, p.271-279 ====
标签: 非平衡相图
