污染受水体水生生态系统的修复与重构 -- 姚慰炜.pdf 这是本人写的一个简单 研究计划， 本研究计划主要分以下几个方面来描述，首先是描述评价体系原理，然后在构建修复后的评价系统，最后通过三个个实例的应用来说明水生生态系统是如何应用到工程实例中的。同时本研究计划，主要侧重于模型构建和模拟，这样做的优点主要是不受地域的限制，而且很灵活。本研究计划侧重于工程实例以及背后的原理和理论体系。 （具体内容见附件） 引用的主要参考文献有： Yao, W. W., Chen, Y., Zhong, Y., Zhang, W., Fan, H. (2017). Habitat models for assessing river ecosystems and their application to the development of river restoration strategies. Journal of Freshwater Ecology , 32 (1), 601-617. Yao, W., Zhao, T., Chen, Y., Zhong, Y., Fan, H., Zhang, W., Li, L. (2017). Habitat evaluation model for ecologically successful lake restoration. Lake and Reservoir Management , 33 (3), 301-313. Yao, W., Rutschmann, P. (2015). Three high flow experiment releases from Glen Canyon Dam on rainbow trout and flannelmouth sucker habitat in Colorado River. Ecological Engineering , 75 , 278-290. Yao, W., Rutschmann, P., Bamal, S. (2014). Modeling of river velocity, temperature, bed deformation and its effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat in Lees Ferry, Colorado River. International Journal of Environmental Research , 8 (4), 887-896.
对于我 国近海省市地表水和近岸海水中主要抗生素类污染物，总结计算每类抗生素的平均浓度，得到我国水环境中四大类抗生素的分布状况( 图1) ，其中 底图( 审图号GS(2008)1012 号，2008 年6 月 国家测绘局制) 下载于国家测绘地理信息局网站(http://219.238.166.215/mcp/index.asp) 。 如图1 所示，天津海河、广州珠江、白洋淀、渤海近岸等水体中都存在较高浓度的抗生素污染，而在大辽河、北部湾、江苏地表河流、大连近岸海域等水体污染较轻。对于不同类抗生素，污染最重的水域也存在一定差同异，如磺胺类和大环内酯类抗生素在天津海河水体中的浓度最高，而氟喹诺酮类和四环素类在渤海沿岸海水中污染最重。沉积物中 抗生素的分布同样存在差异 ，珠江表层沉积物中抗生素水平明显高于辽河、黄河和海河( 图2) 。 同样，如图3 所示， 我国沿海不同地区土壤中抗生素的分布水平也存在明显差异，但其污染水平与施肥存在直接相关 。 由图1~3 还可以看出，除了北京、 兰州、新疆 ， 我国内陆多数省市水体、土壤环境中抗生素的污染状况还很不清楚。 图 1 我国沿海地区水体中四类抗生素分布状况 ( 单位 ng/L ； 1. 大辽河 ， 2. 辽宁黄海近岸 ， 3. 大连近岸海水 ， 4. 北京通惠河 ， 5. 白洋淀 ， 6. 天津海河 ， 7. 海河入海口 ， 8. 莱州湾入海河流 ， 9. 莱州湾 ， 10. 渤海 ， 11. 黄海 ， 12. 江苏表层河水 ， 13. 上海黄埔江 ， 14. 杭州钱塘江 ， 15. 北部湾 ， 16. 广州市珠江 ， 17. 珠江河口 ， 18. 香港新界近海 ， 19. 香港维多利亚港湾 ， 20. 新疆博斯腾湖 ) Fig. 1 The aqueous distribution of four classes ofantibiotics in the coastal areas of China (ng/L; 1. Daliao River , 2. Yellow Seacoast in Liaoning , 3. coastalseawater of Dalian , 4. TonghuiRiver, Beijing , 5. BaiyangdianLake , 6. Haihe River,Tianjin , 7. Haihe Riverestuary , 8. Riversdischarging to the Laizhou Bay , 9. Laizhou Bay , 10. Bohai Sea , 11. Yellow Sea , 12. Jiangsusurface waters , 13. HuangpuRiver, Shanghai , 14. QiantangRiver, Hangzhou , 15. Beibu Gulf , 16. PearlRiver, Guangzhou , 17. Pearl Riverestuary , 18. Hong Kongcoastal waters , 19. VictoriaHarbour, Hong Kong , 20. BostenLake, Xinjiang ) 图 2 我国水环境沉积物中四类抗生素分布状况 ( 单位 μg/kg ； 1. 辽河 ， 2. 大连近海 ， 3. 兰州黄河 ， 4. 白洋淀 ， 5. 海河支流及干流 ， 6. 天津海河 ， 7. 上海黄埔江 ， 8. 珠江 ， 9. 珠江入海口 ， 10. 新疆博斯腾湖 ) Fig. 2 The distribution offour classes of antibiotics in the sediment environmentof China (μg/kg; 1. Liaohe River , 2. Daliancoast , 3. YellowRiver, Lanzhou , 4.Baiyangdian Lake , 5. Tributariesand mainstream of the Haihe River , 6. HaiheRiver, Tianjin , 7. Huangpu River, Shanghai , 8. Pearl River , 9. Pearl River estuary , 10. Bosten Lake, Xinjiang ) 图 3 我国沿海地区土壤中抗生素分布状况 ( 单位 μg/kg ； 1. 河北葡萄产区 ， 2. 山东蔬菜基地 ， 3. 上海农田土壤 ， 4. 广州蔬菜基地 ， 5. 珠江三角洲农田 ) Fig. 3 The distribution ofantibioticsin the soils from thecoastal areas of China (μg/kg; 1. Grape-producingareas, Hebei , 2. Vegetablecultivation area, Shandong , 3. Agriculturalsoils, Shanghai , 4. Vegetablefields, Guangzhou , 5. Farmlandsoil in the Pearl River Delta Area ) 参考文献 主要参考文献： 葛林科 , 任红蕾, 鲁建江, 高会, 张蓬, 那广水. 我国环境中新兴污染物抗生素及其抗性基因的分布特征. 环境化学, 2015: 已接收. 其他参考文献： Li, Y. W., Wu, X. L.,Mo, C. H., et al. Investigation of Sulfonamide, Tetracycline, and QuinoloneAntibiotics in Vegetable Farmland Soil in the Pearl River Delta Area,SouthernChina. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011, 59: 7268-7276. Xiao, Y., Chang, H., Jia, A., et al. Trace analysis of quinoloneand fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewaters by liquid chromatography–electrospraytandem mass spectrmetry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2008, 1214: 100-108. Zhou, L. J., Ying, G. G., Zhao, J. 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Occurrence of antibiotics inwater, sediments, aquatic plants, and animals from Baiyangdian Lake in NorthChina. Chemosphere. 2012, 89: 1307-1315. 罗义 , 张宏杰 , 徐琳 . 天津海河流域抗生素抗性基因污染 . 环境监测及毒理 . 2012, 第六届全国环境化学大会 : 888. Luo, Y., Xu, L., Rysz, M., et al. Occurrence and transport oftetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone,and macrolide antibiotics in the HaiheRiver Basin, China. Environmental Science Technology. 2011, 45(5):1827-1833. Zou, S., Xu, W., Zhang, R., et al. Occurrence and distribution ofantibiotics in coastal water of the Bohai Bay,China: Impacts of river dischargeand aquaculture activities. Environmental Pollution. 2011, 159(10): 2913-2920. Zhang, R., Zhang, G., Zheng, Q., et al. Occurrence and risks ofantibiotics in the Laizhou Bay,China: Impactsof river discharge. Ecotoxicologyand Environmental Safety. 2012, 80(1): 208-215. Zhang, R. J., Tang, J. H., Li, J., et al. Antibiotics in theoffshore waters of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China: Occurrence,distribution and ecological risks. Environmental Pollution. 2013, 174: 71-77. Wei, R., Ge, F., Huang, S., et al. Occurrence of veterinaryantibiotics in animal wastewater and surface water around farms in JiangsuProvince, China. Chemosphere. 2011, 82: 1408-1414. Jiang, L., Hu, X., Yin, D., et al. Occurrence, distribution andseasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China.Chemosphere. 2011, 82: 822-828. Chen, K., Zhou, J. L. Occurrence and behavior of antibiotics inwater and sediments from the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China. Chemosphere. 2014,95: 604-612. Tong, C., Zhuo, X., Guo, Y. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of FourTypical Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Raw and Treated Sewage and in ReceivingWaters in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011,59: 7303-7309. Zheng, Q., Zhang, R., Wang, Y., et al. 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标签: 水环境
