纳米线捕获蛋白质用于疾病诊断：快、准、廉 诸平 根据 丹麦哥本哈根大学（ University of Copenhagen ） 网站2013年10月3日的新闻报道，该大学化学系及纳米科学中心，生物纳米技术和纳米医学实验室（ Bio-Nanotechnology andNanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Nano-Science Center ）以及尼尔斯 · 玻尔 (Niels Bohr) 研究所纳米科学中心及量子设备中心（ Nano-Science Center Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute ）的研究人员已经用于纳米材料开发出一种可以用于疾病诊断的新方法,其特点是快而准，且成本低廉。不管是血液还是尿液，其中某些成分的细微变化与某种疾病有着千丝万缕的联系，但是苦于变化之微，常规的分析检测方法无法利用。如果对于异常的微妙变化能够及早发现，进行及早防治，那么就可以挽救许多患者的生命，也可以为家庭和社会节约更多的医疗费用开支，真可谓是利国利民的大好事。 哥本哈根大学的研究人员 , 他们将用于物理领域研究纳米生物学的先进工具结合在一起 , 虽然物理学与生物学两个学科通常相差甚远。许多疾病可用生物标记物来诊断。例如 , 可以测量血液样本中有些物质（生物标记物）来判断病人患有何种疾病。这些生物标记通常就是在血液中可以发现的蛋白质，但是因为其微量很难检测到它们。如果能够对其进行精确测量，那么对于许多疾病的诊断就会更精准、有许多疾病就可以在患者出现严重症状之前早发现，及早进行治疗或者预防。 下面图片中左侧是纳米线森林的电子显微镜图像；中间是单个纳米线与从溶液中捕获了不同类型蛋白质 ( 绿色分子 ) 、单独蛋白质 ( 红色分子 ) 结合在一起；而右侧是蛋白质被捕获在纳米线上的典型的荧光显微镜俯视图像。 Left: Electron microscope image of nanowire forest. Middle: Diagram of a single nanowire with proteins (red molecules) which captures a different type proteins (green molecules) from a solution. Right: Typical fluorescence microscope image of proteins captures on nanowires (seen from above). 哥本哈根大学化学系纳米科学中心（ Nano-Science Center, Department ofChemistry, University of Copenhagen ）的博士生 KatrineR. Rostgaard 认为，他们已经开发出一种优化蛋白质的分析方法 , 该方法的要点之一就是使用纳米线来捕获蛋白质，以便进行分析，这种分析方法被认为是独一无二的。研究人员当他们需要分析蛋白质时 , 通常用小模板来持有蛋白质 , 但通过使用圆柱形结构纳米线，其直径约为人头发的千分之一 , 不仅可以对非常稀少的蛋白质进行捕获，而且对样品还添加了一个第三维度。纳米线竖立起来像个小森林一样 , 创造一个更大的表面积来持有蛋白质 , 因为他们可以附着于纳米线的各个方位。 KatrineR. Rostgaard 就他们在 Nanoscale （ Impact Factor 6.233 ）发表的研究方法谈到，随着表面积的增大，研究人员就可以一次同时容纳更多的蛋白质，这使得同时测量多个生物标志物完全有可能实现，并使其信号增强 , 从而提供了更高质量的诊断结果。 这项研究是在纳米尺度上完成，样品用量甚少。纳米线森林被用来直接捕获研究人员想要研究的蛋白质。当检查这些蛋白质时 , 研究人员可以对相同的蛋白质通过重用纳米线执行多个测试。这与传统的方法相比简化了实验室大量的工作流程 , 研究人员对于每次执行一个新的分析任务，仅需要使用一个新的模板来捕获蛋白质。通过这种方式 , 有助于使诊断过程更加环保、经济上有利于产业化实施。更多信息请浏览原文—— Katrine R. Rostgaard, Rune S. Frederiksen,Yi-Chi C. Liu, Trine Berthing, Morten H. Madsen, Johannes Holm, Jesper Nygård,Karen L. Martinez. Vertical nanowire arrays as a versatile platform for proteindetection and analysis . Nanoscale, 2013, DOI: 10.1039/C3NR03113F. First published online 22 Aug 2013.
《自然-通讯》发表麦立强课题组分级异质纳米线超级电容器材料研究 发布日期:2011-7-17 2011年7月5日，武汉理工大学—哈佛大学纳米联合重点实验室麦立强教授课题组最新研究论文Hierarchical MnMoO 4 /CoMoO 4 heterostructured nanowires with enhanced supercapacitor performance在国际著名学术期刊《自然-通讯》（Nature Communications）（Nat. Commun. 2011, 2 : 381(doi: 10.1038/ncomms1387) ）上在线发表，并被选为亮点论文(Featured image)。麦立强教授课题组针对当前常规超级电容器电极材料容量低、高电流密度下衰减快的问题，结合微乳液法和冷凝回流技术，率先设计构筑了钼酸锰/钼酸钴分级异质结构纳米线。作为超级电容器活性材料，在1 A g -1 的电流密度下比容量为187.1 F g -1 ，该分级异质结构纳米线相对于分级异质构筑前，比电容和能量密度均提高了1个数量级，经1000次循环容量保持率高达98%，主要归因于比表面积的增大（分级异质结构构筑前比表面积为 3.17 m 2 g -1 , 构筑后可达54.06 m 2 g -1 ）、纳米线团聚的抑制及该结构为法拉第反应与离子传输提供了更多的活性位点。进一步提出了“自组装-取向搭接”复杂结构纳米线生长机理，并利用Pourbaix图与循环伏安曲线，系统分析了钼酸锰/钼酸钴分级异质结构纳米线电化学反应过程与机理，为研究构筑其他功能晶体复杂结构及开发高性能纳米储能器件奠定科学基础。相关成果已申请国家发明专利（申请号：20110048928.3）。 麦立强教授课题组致力于纳米线储能材料与器件研究，在Nature Communications、Nano Letters、Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences、Advanced Materials、ACS Nano等国际刊物发表SCI收录论文60余篇，被Materials Today、Journal of Materials Research等邀请撰写专题综述论文4篇。近期发表的论文被引用500余次，被Nature Asia Materials、Nanowerk等著名网站选为研究亮点报道，并受到锂离子电池先驱M.S. Whittingham教授、介孔材料奠基人G.D. Stucky教授等世界一流学者的广泛关注和积极评价。上述研究受到国家自然科学基金委、科技部、教育部的资助。 网址： 《自然-通讯》网址： http://www.nature.com/ncomms/index.html 麦立强教授课题组发表论文摘要： http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v2/n7/full/ncomms1387.html 【小资料】《自然》是世界最著名的科技期刊，自1869年创刊以来，始终如一地报道和评论全球科技领域里最重要的突破。《自然》旗下所有子刊都各自聚焦于特定的学科或研究领域，其目标是有针对性地发表最具原创性和科学影响力的研究工作。《自然-通讯》是《自然》杂志2010年创立的子刊。《自然-通讯》与其它子刊有所不同，它是自然旗下第一种覆盖多种学科，发布严谨而颇具综合性并代表某一领域重大进展的研究论文的子刊。这是我校首次在《自然》子刊发表论文。 http://sklwut.whut.edu.cn/NewsShow.aspx?NewsId=611
【按】我们课题组关于分级结构纳米线电极材料研究在《纳米快报》在线发表（现已于第11期正式刊出）后第一时间被权威替代能源网站Green Car Congress进行了专题报道，随后被《科学网》、《材料复合新技术国家重点实验室》等给予报道。已有一些中外学者给予积极评价，并表示有意愿进行合作。特此感谢！并真诚希望与大家进行卓有成效的实质性合作与交流。 近日，武汉理工大学哈佛大学纳米联合重点实验室的麦立强教授课题组设计制备出具有线中棒分级结构的钒氧化物超长纳米线，发现该纳米线作为锂离子电池正极材料具有高的比容量和优异的循环性能。相对于常规纳米材料，这种新颖的分级纳米结构可以有效避免纳米材料因具有高的比表面能而容易自团聚的现象，增大纳米线与电解液的接触面积，从而提高电池的性能，对于开发高性能锂离子电池与储能器件具有重要的科学意义。 该研究成果发表在国际权威刊物《纳米快报》（L.Q. Mai, L. Xu, et al. Nano Lett. 2010, 10(11)：4750-4755），并被权威替代能源网站Green Car Congress做了题为 New cost-saving method to synthesize vanadium oxide nanowires for Li-ion electrodes; Improved capacity and cycling stability的专题报道。相关成果已申请中国发明专利（申请号：201010194708.7）。 麦立强教授课题组长期致力于纳米线的可控生长及纳米线电池材料与器件研究，其发表于《纳米快报》第10期的单纳米线电化学器件论文（L.Q. Mai, Y.J. Dong, et al. Nano Lett. 2010, 10: 4272-4278）已被权威纳米网站Nanowerk进行了Spotlight报导，并被世界著名的英国Nature Publishing Group 的Asia Materials 杂志进行Highlight报道（出版中）。该课题组近期完成的研究工作受到锂离子电池先驱M.S. Whittingham教授、介孔材料奠基人G.D. Stucky教授等世界一流学者的广泛关注和正面引用。上述工作得到了国家自然科学基金委、国家教育部等的支持。（来源：武汉理工大学哈佛大学纳米联合重点实验室） 科学网报道 http://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/201011816422452013220.shtm?id=13220 材料复合新技术国家重点实验室报道 http://sklwut.whut.edu.cn/NewsShow.aspx?NewsId=577
【按】一个美国的同事告诉我，你们的最新 Nano Lett 论文被权威替代能源网站 Green Car Congress 专题报道了，仔细浏览一下，看到报道全文，又仔细看了一下读者的评论，发现大家非常关注，并给予积极的评价。在哈佛最大的感受，学术讨论氛围比较好，大家乐于学术讨论，尽管都喜欢听好话和赞美的话，但批评性和建设性的建议还是很受欢迎的，对研究质量的提高也非常有用。欢迎各位同行和朋友加强交流和讨论，提高研究水平，共同进步，把辛苦争取到的国家经费发挥积极的作用！！ New cost-saving method to synthesize vanadium oxide nanowires for Li-ion electrodes; Improved capacity and cycling stability 23 October 2010 (a, b) Schematic illustration of formation of the ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires during annealing. (c) Side view of two ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires near each other. (d) Self-aggregation of short vanadium oxide nanorods. Credit: ACS, Mai et al. Click to enlarge. A team from Harvard University and the Wuhan University of Technology (China) has synthesized novel ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 nanowires from attached single-crystalline vanadium oxide nanorods via electrospinning combined with annealing and using low-cost starting materials. Compared with self-aggregated short nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal methods, the ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires exhibit much higher capacity and improved cycling stability, the researchers report in a paper published online 18 October in the ACS journal Nano Letters . ...in the ordinary batteries, owing to the high surface energy, nanomaterials are often self-aggregated, which reduces the effective contact areas of active materials, conductive additives, and electrolyte. How to keep the effective contact areas large and fully realize the advantage of active materials at nanometer scale is still a challenge and of great importance. Hierarchical nanostructured materials such as hollow nanospheres, porous nanostructures, nanotubes, nanowire-on-nanowire structures, and kinked nanowires, etc., can ensure the surface remains uncovered to keep the effective contact areas large even if a small amount of inevitable self-aggregation occurs. There has been much interest in electrospinning and/or electrochemistry of vanadium oxide nanowires/nanorods because nanostructured vanadium/molybdenum oxides with a typical layed structure have the potential to offer high capacities for lithium ion batteries. ...Compared with previous studies on electrospinning of vanadium oxide nanowires by using expensive organic vanadium oxide isopropoxide as the raw materials, we successfully synthesized vanadium oxide nanowires via electrospinning by using inorganic ammonium metavanadate as precursor, which is cost-saving and more suitable for industrial production of lithium batteries. Moreover, the as-prepared ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires were found to offer high charge/discharge capacities and improved cycling stability. Mai et al. The initial and 50 th discharge capacities of the ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowire cathodes are up to 390 and 201 mAh/g when the lithium ion battery cycled between 1.75 and 4.0 V. When the battery was cycled between 2.0 and 4.0 V, the initial and 50 th discharge capacities of the nanowire cathodes are 275 and 187 mAh/g. Self-aggregation of the unique nanorod-in-nanowire structures has been greatly reduced, the authors suggest, because of the attachment of nanorods in the ultralong nanowires, which can keep the effective contact areas of active materials, conductive additives, and electrolyte large and fully realize the advantage of nanomaterial-based cathodes. The high performance of our batteries is attributed to several reasons. We deduce that self-aggregation of the ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires can be effectively prevented, which keeps the surface area large to fully realize the advantage of nanostructured materials. Furthermore, after annealing at 480 C, the vanadium oxide nanorods of high crystallinity in the nanowires make the active materials stable during cycling...Compared with other vanadium oxide nanorods by combining electrospinning with hydrothermal treatment or annealing, our ultralong hierarchical vanadium oxide nanowires have higher specific capacity and better cycling capability. ...The nanorod-in-nanowire described in this paper is a unique structure that will probably have potential applications in chemical power sources, sensors, and other nanodevices. Mai et al. Resources Liqiang Mai, Lin Xu, Chunhua Han, Xu Xu, Yanzhu Luo, Shiyong Zhao, and Yunlong Zhao (2010) Electrospun Ultralong Hierarchical Vanadium Oxide Nanowires with High Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries. Nano Lett. , Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/nl103343w October 23, 2010 in Batteries | Permalink | Comments (7) | TrackBack (0) TrackBack TrackBack URL for this entry: http://www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c4fbe53ef01348867ad46970c Listed below are links to weblogs that reference New cost-saving method to synthesize vanadium oxide nanowires for Li-ion electrodes; Improved capacity and cycling stability : Comments This sounds exciting. 390 and 201 mAh/g when the lithium ion battery cycled between 1.75 and 4.0 V. I'm assuming the discharge curve is typical of other batteries, meaning the voltage and current stay pretty high until it's almost discharged, and then they drop of rapidly. In that case we might conservatively expect an average voltage of 3 V and gravimetric capacity of 300 mAh/g. Multiplying these together gives 900 wh/g (0.9 kWh/kg) energy density for the cathode. This is 80 or 90% higher than LiCoO2 or LiFePO4 according to the chart on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion Thew self-aggregation of carbon nanotubes in the Contour/MIT cathodes was also a problem, but they found an electorostatic method to prevent clumping and maintaining porosity. This and the electrospinning/annealing processes seem very promising. Posted by: Zhukova | October 23, 2010 at 06:35 AM I remember seeing claims ten years ago that nano-tech would change the world. It looks like that may turn out to be true. Posted by: DaveD | October 23, 2010 at 09:37 AM The exciting thing is that this appears to be a manufacturing breakthrough. We've seen many examples of how nanorods, nanotudes, nanoparticles, etc can absorb more lithium in the laboratory. But we haven't seen as much news on manufacturing techniques that can make a battery cheaply (and without expensive heavy metals like cobalt). Posted by: Zhukova | October 23, 2010 at 10:27 AM Good point. It's all about the cost to manufacture the materials now and these techniques will allow them to become widely used. Posted by: DaveD | October 23, 2010 at 10:51 AM This could have good potential for future higher performance batteries if patent restriction doesn't keep it from being manufactured and marketed. Wonder how many similar patents were bought out by oil firms. Posted by: HarveyD | October 23, 2010 at 10:53 AM A cathode that has 80% more capacity would make more than 80% for the battery. That's because the cathode takes about 40% of the mass of the battery, while the anode is about 20%. So for a 100g battery, the new cathode would weigh 22 grams instead of 40 g. Using Dr. Qui's silicone nanowire anode means a reduction to about 3 grams from 20. That's more than 50% reduction combined. The separator and packaging could be reduced by 50% too, which is 20 g. So the whole battery now weighs only 45g. This is more than doubling the energy density per kg compared to a LiFeO2. Posted by: Zhukova | October 23, 2010 at 04:21 PM Yeah, that is why I'm always excited to see advances in cathodes. They lag far behind anodes and make up a greater percentage of the total weight/volume. Very encouraging. Posted by: DaveD | October 23, 2010 at 06:04 PM Verify your Comment Previewing your Comment Posted by: | This is only a preview. Your comment has not yet been posted. 窗体顶端 窗体底端 Your comment could not be posted. Error type: Your comment has been posted. Post another comment The letters and numbers you entered did not match the image. Please try again. As a final step before posting your comment, enter the letters and numbers you see in the image below. This prevents automated programs from posting comments. Having trouble reading this image? View an alternate. 窗体顶端 窗体底端 窗体顶端 Post a comment This weblog only allows comments from registered users. To comment, please Sign In . You are currently signed in as (nobody). 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